test(tier): pin candidate package digest

test(tier): use exact rc candidate
test(tier): pin issue 2128 black-box scripts
2026-09-05 19:55:37 +00:00 · 2026-09-01 22:07:34 +08:00 · 2026-09-01 22:07:24 +08:00 · 2026-09-01 22:07:24 +08:00 · 2026-09-01 21:48:30 +08:00 · 2026-09-01 21:08:58 +08:00
394 changed files with 85434 additions and 13886 deletions
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ Update this file only when an advisory adds or changes a reusable lesson, affect

 ### S3 object actions, copy, multipart, and upload policy validation

+- `GHSA-g8w9-qw9q-fghr`: a valid presigned `PutObject` accepted extra `x-amz-tagging`, website redirect, and storage-class headers omitted from `SignedHeaders`. Lesson: a presigned URL is a bounded capability; reject `x-amz-*` headers that are not cryptographically bound by the signature so unsigned metadata cannot change authorization, lifecycle, redirect, cost, or durability semantics.
 - `GHSA-3ppv-fx5m-m749`: explicit `versionId` reads and copy sources authorized `s3:GetObject` instead of `s3:GetObjectVersion`. Lesson: version-specific object access must select version-specific actions for direct reads, `CopyObject`, and `UploadPartCopy`, with tests proving the backend is not reached on denial.
 - `GHSA-x298-9x87-fvjq`: anonymous `ListObjectVersions` fell back to `ListBucket` and returned before public-access-block gates. Lesson: compatibility fallbacks must converge on the same post-authorization checks as direct grants, especially `RestrictPublicBuckets` and anonymous data-plane denies.
 - `GHSA-mx42-j6wv-px98`: `UploadPartCopy` missed source authorization and allowed cross-bucket object exfiltration. Lesson: multipart copy must enforce the same source and destination contract as `CopyObject`.
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ Use these targeted searches when a diff touches security-sensitive code:
 ```bash
 rg -n "validate_admin_request|check_permissions|AdminAction::|deny_only|is_allowed" rustfs crates
 rg -n "authorize_operation|FtpsDriver|SftpDriver|RETR|MKD|SIZE|MDTM|CreateBucket|GetObject|HeadObject" crates/protocols rustfs
-rg -n "UploadPartCopy|upload_part_copy|CompleteMultipart|PostObject|content-length-range|starts-with" rustfs crates
+rg -n "UploadPartCopy|upload_part_copy|CompleteMultipart|PostObject|presign|SignedHeaders|content-length-range|starts-with" rustfs crates
 rg -n "ListBucketVersions|GetObjectVersion|versionId|VersionId|ExistingObjectTag|ForAllValues|ForAnyValue|POLICY_PLUGIN|opa" rustfs crates
 rg -n "normalize_extract_entry_key|Snowball|auto-extract|PathBuf::join|canonicalize|\\.\\.|x-forwarded-for|x-real-ip|SourceIp" rustfs crates
 rg -n "DEFAULT_SECRET|DEFAULT_ACCESS|TEST_PRIVATE_KEY|rustfs rpc|RUSTFS_RPC_SECRET" rustfs crates
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ rg -n "deny_unknown_fields|serde.default|as u32|as usize|as i32" rustfs crates
 - Protocol frontend authz fixes: include denied `RETR`, `SIZE`/`MDTM`, `MKD`, bucket probe, and sibling allowed-operation cases, and assert denied paths do not reach the storage backend.
 - IAM fixes: include import/update/list service-account cases with attacker-controlled parent, claims, access key, secret key, and policy.
 - Copy/upload fixes: include cross-bucket, cross-user, source-denied, destination-denied, copy-source-condition, and multipart completion cases.
+- Presigned upload fixes: include a valid presign with extra unsigned tagging, redirect, and storage-class headers; require rejection before storage access, and verify explicitly signed equivalents still work.
 - Version-action fixes: include historical UUID, explicit current version, `null`, range, partNumber, presigned, STS/session, service-account, anonymous bucket-policy, copy source, and multipart-copy source cases.
 - Policy-condition fixes: include reserved-key header collisions, missing keys, partially overlapping multi-value sets, plugin mode, and built-in policy mode.
 - Path fixes: include encoded traversal, absolute path, nested traversal, archive entries with `..`, valid object keys that resemble traversal text but should be rejected, and canonical bucket/prefix boundary checks.
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-sha256-darwin=d6aa36cfaae2c4d8590482c7e47138c5965b335b34a75f50d11ffc3366e9021e
-sha256-linux=c8315465f50c194faee36141cdbb1e15e59271e524d948564a69e2d5eb408f2a
+sha256-darwin=ef914ec0b8daa9c2c5e52f501d339914662f42d6f6ed9d33877d56b97adf16f9
+sha256-linux=a8a816d7bb0e7cb5632b1863b33794bcb9fc7e765f150aa5e1bf16518e28dfb4
@@ -1 +1 @@
-sha256=9b9bc336b43b70d0e06e0adb5455bf035bb18945d85d60936eb6fe4d48e0e680
+sha256=51da41c54167602f2bd6c45921b39a44562bf3cfcdf468d992bb992c62cad7fd
@@ -1 +1 @@
-sha256=655a3f3c1d042e694339d15caba7580518320322d1bac0f09450b37e6c09e2e7
+sha256=8d5517f5f2fc32d561782dfccd51b7f746f5e25b2835e37e100c883f7f18777d
@@ -1 +1 @@
-sha256=294350518743cac8d7c41880a2835216e4b697908d7b0b1bc92b62816d94c59d
+sha256=dbebfbab9b9efd4eff31211e69dd32235dc00e207f2ab0dd919a1b2ac9e724c2
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ coverage: core-deps ## Workspace line coverage (cargo-llvm-cov + nextest; slow,
 	@mkdir -p target/llvm-cov
 	cargo llvm-cov report --lcov --output-path target/llvm-cov/lcov.info
 	cargo llvm-cov report --json --output-path target/llvm-cov/coverage.json
-	python3 scripts/coverage_per_crate.py target/llvm-cov/coverage.json
+	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) scripts/coverage_per_crate.py target/llvm-cov/coverage.json
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ offline-enrollment-e2e-check: core-deps ## Build and exercise the dedicated offl
 .PHONY: test-wiring-check
 test-wiring-check: ## Check tests stay registered and selected by their intended runners
 	@echo "🧪 Checking test wiring..."
-	python3 ./scripts/check_test_wiring.py
+	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/check_test_wiring.py

 .PHONY: log-analyzer-rules-check
 log-analyzer-rules-check: core-deps ## Check log-analyzer rule anchors still exist verbatim in source
@@ -35,13 +35,14 @@ script-tests: ## Run shell script tests
 	./scripts/test_pinned_paired_abba_bench.sh
 	./scripts/test_manual_transition_runbooks.sh
 	./scripts/test_fuzz_runner.sh
+	./scripts/test_python_bin.sh
 	./scripts/check_embedded_secrets.sh --self-test
-	python3 ./scripts/check_test_wiring.py --self-test
-	python3 ./scripts/check_security_coverage.py --self-test
-	python3 ./scripts/check_scheduled_validation_freshness.py --self-test
-	python3 ./scripts/s3-tests/test_report_compat.py
+	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/check_test_wiring.py --self-test
+	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/check_security_coverage.py --self-test
+	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/check_scheduled_validation_freshness.py --self-test
+	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/s3-tests/test_report_compat.py
 	bash -n ./scripts/validate_object_data_cache_cold_stampede.sh
-	python3 ./scripts/check_object_data_cache_follower_samples.py --self-test
+	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/check_object_data_cache_follower_samples.py --self-test
 	./scripts/validate_object_data_cache_cold_stampede.sh --self-test

 .PHONY: test
@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ e2e-reliability = { max-threads = 1 }
 e2e-inline-boundaries = { max-threads = 1 }
 e2e-cluster-nightly = { max-threads = 1 }

+# Deep async storage futures are composed into tests across several crates.
+# Keep the test stack bounded but above libtest's 2 MiB default.
+[scripts.setup.ecstore-base-stack]
+command = ['sh', '-c', 'echo RUST_MIN_STACK=4194304 >> "$NEXTEST_ENV"']
+
 # These exact regression scenarios build deep async storage futures that exceed
 # libtest's 2 MiB spawned-thread stack on Linux. Give only their test processes
 # the same 32 MiB stack already used by the crate's dedicated large-stack tests.
@@ -60,9 +65,13 @@ command = ['sh', '-c', 'echo RUST_MIN_STACK=33554432 >> "$NEXTEST_ENV"']

 # --- default profile (local): serialize the flaky groups, never retry --------
 [[profile.default.scripts]]
-filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^(bucket::lifecycle::bucket_lifecycle_ops::tests::manual_transition_worker_result_recovery_marks_unknown_for_corrupt_marker|services::rebalance::entry::tests::real_rebalance_run_fence_loss_blocks_multipart_publication|store::init::tests::(decommission_entry_(allows_free_version_consumed_before_source_lock|rejects_subquorum_free_version_conflict_and_retains_source|skips_cleanup_only_marker_when_free_version_is_present)|prepared_tier_delete_recovery_(checks_later_pool_then_commits_after_source_removal|finds_directory_source_on_encoded_set|retains_journal_on_source_metadata_error)|tier_mutation_peer_handler_applies_prepare_commit_and_abort_idempotently|transition_response_loss_persists_unknown_outcome_for_provider_recovery|transition_transaction_recovery_(drops_record_after_confirmed_local_commit|keeps_cleanup_pending_local_commit)))$/)'
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^(bucket::lifecycle::bucket_lifecycle_ops::tests::manual_transition_worker_result_recovery_marks_unknown_for_corrupt_marker|services::rebalance::entry::tests::real_rebalance_run_fence_loss_blocks_multipart_publication|store::init::tests::(batch_transitioned_delete_uses_free_version_per_item|decommission_entry_(allows_free_version_consumed_before_source_lock|rejects_subquorum_free_version_conflict_and_retains_source|skips_cleanup_only_marker_when_free_version_is_present)|dispatched_tier_delete_recovery_(checks_later_pool_then_commits_after_source_removal|finds_directory_source_on_encoded_set|retains_journal_on_source_metadata_error)|force_tier_remove_blocks_on_physical_free_version_hidden_by_other_pool|legacy_unknown_transition_delete_falls_back_for_single_batch_and_blocks_prefix|multi_pool_(recursive_prefix_rejects_legacy_or_hidden_merge_loser_before_delete|same_remote_tuple_(batch|single)_delete_waits_for_all_sources|same_tuple_recursive_prefix_uses_one_journal_owner|transitioned_delete_persists_one_free_version_per_remote_tuple)|recursive_prefix_partial_(pool|set)_failure_keeps_prepared_cleanup_owners|restored_transitioned_delete_uses_free_version_as_cleanup_owner|stable_transitioned_recursive_prefix_delete_uses_journal_owners|suspended_null_transition_delete_uses_free_version_as_sole_owner|tier_mutation_peer_handler_applies_prepare_commit_and_abort_idempotently|transition_response_loss_persists_unknown_outcome_for_provider_recovery|transition_transaction_recovery_(drops_record_after_confirmed_local_commit|keeps_cleanup_pending_local_commit)|transitioned_delete_(free_version_replays_after_store_restart|local_quorum_failure_rolls_back_without_cleanup_owner|uses_free_version_as_cleanup_owner)|versioned_delete_marker_keeps_transitioned_source_and_remote_object|versioned_explicit_transition_delete_preserves_other_version_then_allows_bucket_delete))$/)'
 setup = 'ecstore-large-stack'

+[[profile.default.scripts]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) | package(rustfs-s3select-api) | package(rustfs-scanner) | (package(rustfs) & test(/^(app::multipart_usecase::tests::concurrent_completions_share_durable_bucket_quota_reservations|app::object::delete::tests::compressed_delete_requests_update_observed_usage_without_releasing_quota_floor|storage::access::tests::(delete_object_access_captures_authorized_bucket_incarnation|copy_operations_reject_recreated_source_bucket_after_authorization|request_slot_keeps_bucket_policy_bound_to_its_store))$/))'
+setup = 'ecstore-base-stack'
+
 [[profile.default.scripts]]
 filter = 'binary(lifecycle_integration_test) | (package(rustfs) & test(/^app::lifecycle_transition_api_test::/))'
 setup = 'lifecycle-large-stack'
@@ -80,6 +89,29 @@ test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
 filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^set_disk::ops::multipart::tests::crash_consistency::/)'
 test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'

+# Serialize the heal result-report tests. Every test in the module builds a
+# real-disk (TempDir-backed) hermetic erasure set and drives MiB-scale writes
+# plus deep-scan heal — the same load-sensitive cross-disk IO shape as the
+# crash_consistency scenarios above. Under a heavily parallel run a single
+# disk's IO can fail while write quorum still holds, which flips per-disk
+# readback and aggregate-outcome assertions nondeterministically (different
+# tests each round; all pass standalone). Preventive serialization only, no
+# retries. The matching ci-profile override is after [profile.ci].
+[[profile.default.overrides]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^set_disk::ops::heal::heal_result_report_tests::/)'
+test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
+
+# Serialize the metadata-cache generation-retirement pair. Both carry
+# #[serial(metadata_cache_invalidation_probe)] — a no-op across nextest's
+# process boundary — and assert get_object_metadata_cache generation
+# semantics on a 4-disk hermetic set, the same load-sensitive shape that
+# forced the transition matrix tests into this group. Preventive
+# serialization only, no retries. The matching ci-profile override is after
+# [profile.ci].
+[[profile.default.overrides]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(retires_cached_snapshot)'
+test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
+
 # The production-handler relocation regression builds an isolated 8-disk,
 # 2-pool store and commits a 72 MiB multipart object. Keep that cross-disk IO
 # from overlapping the ecstore commit fixtures above.
@@ -100,12 +132,29 @@ test-group = 'embedded-test-ports'
 filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(manual_transition_page_checkpoint_persists_durable_job_progress)'
 test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'

+# Serialize the transition matrix tests. They build a 4-disk hermetic erasure
+# set, populate the get_object_metadata_cache, and assert generation lifecycle
+# semantics. serial_test's #[serial] has no effect across nextest's process
+# boundary, so concurrent execution races the shared metadata-cache generation
+# counter and causes spurious "metadata read should publish the generation"
+# panics. Preventive serialization, no retries.
+[[profile.default.overrides]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(set_disk::transition_matrix_tests::)'
+test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
+
 # The durable ILM decommission regressions build isolated multi-pool stores and
 # deliberately take source or target disks offline while checking fencing.
 [[profile.default.overrides]]
 filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & (test(decommission_migrates_and_verifies_registered_durable_ilm_records) | test(decommission_durable_ilm_target_read_error_is_not_masked_by_peer_success) | test(decommission_durable_ilm_terminal_receipt_recovers_failed_source_cleanup) | test(decommission_durable_ilm_receipt_pagination_fails_closed_on_second_page) | test(decommission_durable_ilm_recovery_keeps_multiple_active_sources))'
 test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'

+# Decommission entry and marker/barrier tests share process-wide fault hooks and
+# deterministic commit barriers. Keep the whole init decommission family in one
+# nextest group; serial_test alone cannot isolate separate test processes.
+[[profile.default.overrides]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^store::init::tests::(decommission_|suspended_.*decommission)$/)'
+test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
+
 # Serialize the bucket-incarnation / lifecycle-fence tests. They drive
 # init_bucket_metadata_sys and bucket_metadata_sys_of, i.e. process-global
 # OnceLock state that serial_test's #[serial] cannot protect across nextest's
@@ -157,9 +206,13 @@ fail-fast = false
 path = "junit.xml"

 [[profile.ci.scripts]]
-filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^(bucket::lifecycle::bucket_lifecycle_ops::tests::manual_transition_worker_result_recovery_marks_unknown_for_corrupt_marker|services::rebalance::entry::tests::real_rebalance_run_fence_loss_blocks_multipart_publication|store::init::tests::(decommission_entry_(allows_free_version_consumed_before_source_lock|rejects_subquorum_free_version_conflict_and_retains_source|skips_cleanup_only_marker_when_free_version_is_present)|prepared_tier_delete_recovery_(checks_later_pool_then_commits_after_source_removal|finds_directory_source_on_encoded_set|retains_journal_on_source_metadata_error)|tier_mutation_peer_handler_applies_prepare_commit_and_abort_idempotently|transition_response_loss_persists_unknown_outcome_for_provider_recovery|transition_transaction_recovery_(drops_record_after_confirmed_local_commit|keeps_cleanup_pending_local_commit)))$/)'
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^(bucket::lifecycle::bucket_lifecycle_ops::tests::manual_transition_worker_result_recovery_marks_unknown_for_corrupt_marker|services::rebalance::entry::tests::real_rebalance_run_fence_loss_blocks_multipart_publication|store::init::tests::(batch_transitioned_delete_uses_free_version_per_item|decommission_entry_(allows_free_version_consumed_before_source_lock|rejects_subquorum_free_version_conflict_and_retains_source|skips_cleanup_only_marker_when_free_version_is_present)|dispatched_tier_delete_recovery_(checks_later_pool_then_commits_after_source_removal|finds_directory_source_on_encoded_set|retains_journal_on_source_metadata_error)|force_tier_remove_blocks_on_physical_free_version_hidden_by_other_pool|legacy_unknown_transition_delete_falls_back_for_single_batch_and_blocks_prefix|multi_pool_(recursive_prefix_rejects_legacy_or_hidden_merge_loser_before_delete|same_remote_tuple_(batch|single)_delete_waits_for_all_sources|same_tuple_recursive_prefix_uses_one_journal_owner|transitioned_delete_persists_one_free_version_per_remote_tuple)|recursive_prefix_partial_(pool|set)_failure_keeps_prepared_cleanup_owners|restored_transitioned_delete_uses_free_version_as_cleanup_owner|stable_transitioned_recursive_prefix_delete_uses_journal_owners|suspended_null_transition_delete_uses_free_version_as_sole_owner|tier_mutation_peer_handler_applies_prepare_commit_and_abort_idempotently|transition_response_loss_persists_unknown_outcome_for_provider_recovery|transition_transaction_recovery_(drops_record_after_confirmed_local_commit|keeps_cleanup_pending_local_commit)|transitioned_delete_(free_version_replays_after_store_restart|local_quorum_failure_rolls_back_without_cleanup_owner|uses_free_version_as_cleanup_owner)|versioned_delete_marker_keeps_transitioned_source_and_remote_object|versioned_explicit_transition_delete_preserves_other_version_then_allows_bucket_delete))$/)'
 setup = 'ecstore-large-stack'

+[[profile.ci.scripts]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) | package(rustfs-s3select-api) | package(rustfs-scanner) | (package(rustfs) & test(/^(app::multipart_usecase::tests::concurrent_completions_share_durable_bucket_quota_reservations|app::object::delete::tests::compressed_delete_requests_update_observed_usage_without_releasing_quota_floor|storage::access::tests::(delete_object_access_captures_authorized_bucket_incarnation|copy_operations_reject_recreated_source_bucket_after_authorization|request_slot_keeps_bucket_policy_bound_to_its_store))$/))'
+setup = 'ecstore-base-stack'
+
 [[profile.ci.scripts]]
 filter = 'binary(lifecycle_integration_test) | (package(rustfs) & test(/^app::lifecycle_transition_api_test::/))'
 setup = 'lifecycle-large-stack'
@@ -220,6 +273,20 @@ test-group = 'e2e-reliability'
 filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^set_disk::ops::multipart::tests::crash_consistency::/)'
 test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'

+# Serialize the heal result-report tests under the ci profile too (see the
+# matching default-profile override near the top). Not a quarantine: no
+# retries, just serialized real-disk heal IO.
+[[profile.ci.overrides]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^set_disk::ops::heal::heal_result_report_tests::/)'
+test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
+
+# Serialize the metadata-cache generation-retirement pair under the ci
+# profile too (see the matching default-profile override near the top). Not a
+# quarantine: no retries.
+[[profile.ci.overrides]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(retires_cached_snapshot)'
+test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
+
 # Match the default-profile embedded test isolation without quarantining or
 # retrying failures in CI.
 [[profile.ci.overrides]]
@@ -232,10 +299,20 @@ test-group = 'embedded-test-ports'
 filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(manual_transition_page_checkpoint_persists_durable_job_progress)'
 test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'

+# Serialize the transition matrix tests under the ci profile too (see the
+# matching default-profile override near the top). No retries.
+[[profile.ci.overrides]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(set_disk::transition_matrix_tests::)'
+test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
+
 [[profile.ci.overrides]]
 filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & (test(decommission_migrates_and_verifies_registered_durable_ilm_records) | test(decommission_durable_ilm_target_read_error_is_not_masked_by_peer_success) | test(decommission_durable_ilm_terminal_receipt_recovers_failed_source_cleanup) | test(decommission_durable_ilm_receipt_pagination_fails_closed_on_second_page) | test(decommission_durable_ilm_recovery_keeps_multiple_active_sources))'
 test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'

+[[profile.ci.overrides]]
+filter = 'package(rustfs-ecstore) & test(/^store::init::tests::(decommission_|suspended_.*decommission)$/)'
+test-group = 'ecstore-serial-flaky'
+
 # Serialize the bucket-incarnation / lifecycle-fence tests under the ci profile
 # too (see the matching default-profile override near the top). No retries.
 [[profile.ci.overrides]]
@@ -400,7 +477,7 @@ path = "junit.xml"
 [profile.e2e-nightly]
 default-filter = """
    package(e2e_test)
-    & test(/^(admin_timeout_regression_test|cluster_concurrency_test|cluster_multidrive_pool_test|heal_erasure_disk_rebuild_test|namespace_lock_quorum_test|object_lambda_test|stale_multipart_cleanup_cluster_test)::/)
+    & test(/^(admin_timeout_regression_test|cluster_concurrency_test|cluster_multidrive_pool_test|degraded_listing_availability_test|heal_erasure_disk_rebuild_test|namespace_lock_quorum_test|object_lambda_test|stale_multipart_cleanup_cluster_test)::/)
 """
 fail-fast = false

@@ -452,23 +529,12 @@ path = "junit.xml"
 # parallel-safe — the same property e2e-smoke relies on. The exceptions are the
 # 4-disk reliability / degraded-read fault-injection tests and the fixed-port
 # Vault tests, both serialized below.
-# KNOWN-FAILURE EXCLUSIONS (characterization run 29381309848, 2026-07-15:
-# 341 ran / 32 failed on the suites' first automated run ever). Deterministic
-# product failures cannot be quarantined away with retries, so each family is
-# excluded here with its tracking issue, under the same discipline as the
-# ci-profile quarantine (docs/testing/README.md): every entry MUST cite one
-# OPEN issue, and the fixing PR MUST delete the exclusion. The passing
-# negative-path siblings of each family stay in as regression guards.
-#   * rustfs#4843 — over-limit archive entry paths hard-reject the whole
-#     archive even under ignore-errors semantics.
 [profile.e2e-full]
 default-filter = """
    package(e2e_test)
    & !test(/^protocols::/)
-    & !test(/^(admin_timeout_regression_test|cluster_concurrency_test|cluster_multidrive_pool_test|heal_erasure_disk_rebuild_test|namespace_lock_quorum_test|object_lambda_test|stale_multipart_cleanup_cluster_test)::/)
+    & !test(/^(admin_timeout_regression_test|cluster_concurrency_test|cluster_multidrive_pool_test|degraded_listing_availability_test|heal_erasure_disk_rebuild_test|namespace_lock_quorum_test|object_lambda_test|stale_multipart_cleanup_cluster_test)::/)
    & !test(/^replication_extension_test::/)
-    & !test(/^multipart_auth_test::test_signed_put_object_extract_skips_invalid_entry_when_ignore_errors_enabled$/)
-    & !test(/^snowball_auto_extract_test::tests::snowball_auto_extract_(ignores_invalid_entries_when_requested|supports_standard_headers_with_combined_extract_options)$/)
 """
 fail-fast = false

@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ self-hosted-runner:
    - sm-standard-4
    - dind-sm-standard-2
    - smoke-testing
+    - pf-testing
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@
  { "workflow": ".github/workflows/e2e-s3tests.yml", "max_age_hours": 192 },
  { "workflow": ".github/workflows/fuzz.yml", "max_age_hours": 36 },
  { "workflow": ".github/workflows/mint.yml", "max_age_hours": 192 },
+  {
+    "workflow": ".github/workflows/minio-interop.yml",
+    "max_age_hours": 36,
+    "never_ran_grace_until": "2026-09-08T00:00:00Z"
+  },
  { "workflow": ".github/workflows/nightly-gnu.yml", "max_age_hours": 36 },
  { "workflow": ".github/workflows/performance-ab.yml", "max_age_hours": 36 },
  {
@@ -24,8 +24,11 @@ on:
      - '.github/actions/**'
      - '.github/workflows/**'
      - 'scripts/release/create_or_update_release.sh'
+      - 'scripts/release/package_versions.sh'
+      - 'scripts/test_package_versions.sh'
      - 'scripts/security/check_performance_ab_workflow.sh'
      - 'scripts/security/check_preview_release_workflow.sh'
+      - 'scripts/security/check_tier_artifact_workflow.sh'
      - 'scripts/security/check_workflow_pins.sh'
  pull_request:
    types: [ opened, synchronize, reopened, closed ]
@@ -37,8 +40,11 @@ on:
      - '.github/actions/**'
      - '.github/workflows/**'
      - 'scripts/release/create_or_update_release.sh'
+      - 'scripts/release/package_versions.sh'
+      - 'scripts/test_package_versions.sh'
      - 'scripts/security/check_performance_ab_workflow.sh'
      - 'scripts/security/check_preview_release_workflow.sh'
+      - 'scripts/security/check_tier_artifact_workflow.sh'
      - 'scripts/security/check_workflow_pins.sh'
  schedule:
    # Daily, not weekly. This schedule exists to catch RustSec advisories
@@ -146,6 +152,12 @@ jobs:
      - name: Check performance A/B workflow trust boundary
        run: ./scripts/security/check_performance_ab_workflow.sh

+      - name: Check tier evidence workflow isolation
+        run: ./scripts/security/check_tier_artifact_workflow.sh
+
+      - name: Check package version contract
+        run: ./scripts/test_package_versions.sh
+
  dependency-review:
    name: Dependency Review
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ jobs:
    needs: [ build-check, prepare-platform-matrix ]
    if: needs.build-check.outputs.should_build == 'true' && needs.prepare-platform-matrix.result == 'success'
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 150
+    timeout-minutes: 180
    env:
      FORCE_JAVASCRIPT_ACTIONS_TO_NODE24: "true"
      # Release binaries ship without dial9 telemetry and therefore do not need
@@ -408,9 +408,9 @@ jobs:

          if [[ "${{ matrix.cross }}" == "true" ]]; then
            # All cross targets in the matrix are Linux; zigbuild handles them.
-            cargo zigbuild --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} -p rustfs --bins
+            cargo zigbuild --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} -p rustfs --bin rustfs
          else
-            cargo build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} -p rustfs --bins
+            cargo build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} -p rustfs --bin rustfs
          fi

      - name: Create release package
@@ -49,8 +49,20 @@ env:
  UPGRADE_SOURCE_SHA256: 7c789386bf85278f865b8e0d359bf4edb84d5aa408cc3fa54a18c25ca74cd6e7

 jobs:
-  direct-upgrade:
-    name: Direct upgrade from rc.2
+  upgrade:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: Direct upgrade from rc.2
+            cache_key: e2e-direct-upgrade
+            test: direct_upgrade_from_rc2_preserves_object_contracts
+            artifact: direct-upgrade
+          - name: Mixed-version rolling upgrade from rc.2
+            cache_key: e2e-mixed-version-upgrade
+            test: rolling_upgrade_from_rc2_preserves_mixed_version_contracts
+            artifact: mixed-version-upgrade
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 60
    env:
@@ -64,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Rust environment
        uses: ./.github/actions/setup
        with:
-          cache-shared-key: e2e-direct-upgrade
+          cache-shared-key: ${{ matrix.cache_key }}
          cache-save-if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }}
          install-build-packaging-tools: "false"

@@ -89,17 +101,17 @@ jobs:
          cargo build --locked -p rustfs --bin rustfs
          : > target/debug/rustfs.features

-      - name: Run direct-upgrade compatibility test
+      - name: Run upgrade compatibility test
        run: |
          cargo test --locked -p e2e_test \
-            upgrade_compatibility_test::direct_upgrade_from_rc2_preserves_object_contracts \
+            "upgrade_compatibility_test::${{ matrix.test }}" \
            -- --ignored --exact --nocapture

      - name: Upload server logs
        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
        with:
-          name: direct-upgrade-server-logs-${{ github.run_number }}
+          name: ${{ matrix.artifact }}-server-logs-${{ github.run_number }}
          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/rustfs-upgrade-logs
          if-no-files-found: warn
          retention-days: 14
@@ -20,27 +20,27 @@
 # each run with Docker and then runs the `#[ignore]` reader tests in
 # rustfs/src/storage/minio_generated_read_test.rs.
 #
-# Scope: end-to-end MinIO-to-RustFS SSE interop is NOT implemented yet. Both
-# envelope parsers reject MinIO's own wrapped-DEK shape — see
-# `is_data_key_envelope` in crates/kms/src/encryption/dek.rs and the
-# `deny_unknown_fields` `LocalSseDekEnvelope` in rustfs/src/storage/sse.rs — and
-# closing that gap is tracked in rustfs/backlog#1638. Treat this job as the
-# harness for #1638, not as standing evidence that a MinIO migration reads back.
+# Scope: MinIO-to-RustFS SSE read interop is implemented behind the `rio-v2`
+# feature for MinIO's builtin static-KMS deployments — SSE-S3 and SSE-KMS
+# (single- and multipart) since rustfs/rustfs#6191, SSE-C detection since the
+# rustfs/backlog#1638 D2 close-out. This job is the standing evidence: it
+# regenerates real MinIO backend trees and proves byte-identical plaintext
+# reconstruction. KES/MinKMS-backed MinIO objects remain unreadable by design
+# (their envelopes are sealed by the KES service, not by a key RustFS can
+# hold), and default RustFS builds do not include the read path — it is a
+# special-purpose migration capability, not a default-build feature.
 #
 # Runner: GitHub-hosted `ubuntu-latest`. It reliably ships Docker + Python,
 # unlike the self-hosted fleet, whose pods drift in Docker/pip availability
 # (see the infra note in e2e-s3tests.yml). Nightly + manual only.
-# DISABLED. This workflow is switched off in the repository's Actions settings
-# (state: disabled_manually) and does not run on any trigger, including its cron
-# and workflow_dispatch. That state lives in GitHub's UI and is invisible when
-# reading this file, which has already misled at least one audit — hence this
-# banner. Re-enabling is a UI action; anyone doing so should first check that the
-# workflow still matches the current CI layout. See rustfs/backlog#1603.
 #
-# While disabled, this workflow is deliberately absent from
-# .github/scheduled-validations.json — a disabled workflow can never satisfy the
-# freshness check. Whoever re-enables it must re-add the entry in the same
-# change so the freshness gate covers it again.
+# Enablement: this workflow was long disabled in the repository's Actions
+# settings (state: disabled_manually — a state that lives in GitHub's UI and is
+# invisible in this file). The change that updated this banner also re-added
+# the .github/scheduled-validations.json entry; both only make sense together
+# with re-enabling the workflow in the Actions settings. If it is ever disabled
+# again, remove the scheduled-validations entry in the same change — a disabled
+# workflow can never satisfy the freshness check. See rustfs/backlog#1603.
 #
 name: minio-interop

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ on:
    paths:
      - 'flake.nix'
      - 'flake.lock'
+      - 'nix/**'
      - 'Cargo.toml'
      - 'Cargo.lock'
      - '.github/workflows/nix.yml'
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ on:
    paths:
      - 'flake.nix'
      - 'flake.lock'
+      - 'nix/**'
      - 'Cargo.toml'
      - 'Cargo.lock'
      - '.github/workflows/nix.yml'
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@
 # - workflow_run: automatically package after "Build and Release" completes
 #   for a release tag (the mac/windows/linux binaries are already uploaded
 #   to the GitHub release before packaging starts)
-# - workflow_dispatch: manual fallback (backfill / re-run) with optional tag/run_id
+# - workflow_dispatch: manual fallback with a release tag and/or exact build run ID
 #
 # Flow:
-# 1. Resolve the triggering Build workflow run for the release tag
+# 1. Resolve and validate the selected Build workflow run and source identity
 # 2. Download Linux binaries (x86_64-gnu, aarch64-gnu) from build artifacts
 # 3. Build DEB packages for amd64 and arm64
 # 4. Build RPM packages for x86_64 and aarch64
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ on:
        required: false
        type: string
      build_run_id:
-        description: "Build workflow run ID (overrides tag lookup)"
+        description: "Build workflow run ID (when combined with tag, both must identify the same release commit)"
        required: false
        type: string

@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ jobs:
      version: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.version }}
      build_type: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.build_type }}
      build_run_id: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.build_run_id }}
+      build_run_number: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.build_run_number }}
+      head_sha: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.head_sha }}
+      dev_sequence: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.dev_sequence }}
      tag: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.tag }}
    steps:
      - name: Resolve build run
@@ -89,90 +92,129 @@ jobs:
        shell: bash
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
          INPUT_TAG: ${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}
          INPUT_RUN_ID: ${{ github.event.inputs.build_run_id }}
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail

-          # Determine tag
-          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_run" ]]; then
-            TAG="${HEAD_BRANCH}"
-          elif [[ -n "$INPUT_TAG" ]]; then
-            TAG="$INPUT_TAG"
+          fail() {
+            echo "❌ $1" >&2
+            exit 1
+          }
+
+          TAG=""
+          BUILD_RUN_ID=""
+          case "$EVENT_NAME" in
+            workflow_run)
+              TAG="$HEAD_BRANCH"
+              BUILD_RUN_ID="$WORKFLOW_RUN_ID"
+              ;;
+            workflow_dispatch)
+              TAG="$INPUT_TAG"
+              BUILD_RUN_ID="$INPUT_RUN_ID"
+              ;;
+            *) fail "unsupported event: $EVENT_NAME" ;;
+          esac
+
+          # Validate and classify tags before using them in API paths or logs.
+          semver_core='(0|[1-9][0-9]*)\.(0|[1-9][0-9]*)\.(0|[1-9][0-9]*)'
+          prerelease_id='(alpha|beta|rc)\.(0|[1-9][0-9]*)'
+          if [[ -n "$TAG" ]]; then
+            if [[ "$TAG" =~ ^${semver_core}-${prerelease_id}-preview\.(0|[1-9][0-9]*)$ ]]; then
+              BUILD_TYPE=preview
+            elif [[ "$TAG" =~ ^${semver_core}-${prerelease_id}$ ]]; then
+              BUILD_TYPE=prerelease
+            elif [[ "$TAG" =~ ^${semver_core}$ ]]; then
+              BUILD_TYPE=release
+            else
+              fail "tag is not a supported strict package version"
+            fi
          else
-            TAG=""
+            BUILD_TYPE=development
          fi

-          echo "Tag: ${TAG:-<none>}"
-
-          # Determine build run ID
-          BUILD_RUN_ID=""
-
-          if [[ -n "$INPUT_RUN_ID" ]]; then
-            # Explicit run ID takes priority
-            BUILD_RUN_ID="$INPUT_RUN_ID"
-            echo "Using explicit build run ID: $BUILD_RUN_ID"
-
-          elif [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "workflow_run" ]]; then
-            # Use the Build and Release run that triggered this workflow
-            BUILD_RUN_ID="${WORKFLOW_RUN_ID}"
-            echo "Using triggering workflow run: $BUILD_RUN_ID"
-
+          if [[ -n "$BUILD_RUN_ID" ]]; then
+            [[ "$BUILD_RUN_ID" =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]] || fail "build run ID must be a positive decimal integer"
+            echo "Using selected build run: $BUILD_RUN_ID"
          elif [[ -n "$TAG" ]]; then
-            # Find the build run that produced this tag
            echo "Looking for build run for tag: $TAG"
-            BUILD_RUN_ID=$(gh api \
-              "repos/${{ github.repository }}/actions/workflows/build.yml/runs?branch=${TAG}&status=success&per_page=1" \
-              --jq '.workflow_runs[0].id' 2>/dev/null || echo "")
+            BUILD_RUN_ID=$(gh api --method GET \
+              "repos/${REPOSITORY}/actions/workflows/build.yml/runs" \
+              -f branch="$TAG" -f status=success -F per_page=1 \
+              --jq '.workflow_runs[0].id // empty' 2>/dev/null || true)

-            if [[ -z "$BUILD_RUN_ID" || "$BUILD_RUN_ID" == "null" ]]; then
-              # Tag might not be a branch; try event=push with head_branch matching
-              BUILD_RUN_ID=$(gh api \
-                "repos/${{ github.repository }}/actions/workflows/build.yml/runs?event=push&status=success&per_page=100" \
-                --jq ".workflow_runs[] | select(.head_branch == \"$TAG\") | .id" 2>/dev/null | head -1 || echo "")
-            fi
-
-            if [[ -z "$BUILD_RUN_ID" || "$BUILD_RUN_ID" == "null" ]]; then
-              echo "❌ No successful build run found for tag: $TAG"
-              exit 1
+            if [[ -z "$BUILD_RUN_ID" ]]; then
+              BUILD_RUN_ID=$(gh api --method GET \
+                "repos/${REPOSITORY}/actions/workflows/build.yml/runs" \
+                -f event=push -f status=success -F per_page=100 2>/dev/null |
+                jq -r --arg tag "$TAG" \
+                  '[.workflow_runs[] | select(.head_branch == $tag)][0].id // empty' || true)
            fi
+            [[ "$BUILD_RUN_ID" =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]] || fail "no successful build run found for tag"
            echo "Found build run: $BUILD_RUN_ID"
-
          else
-            # No tag — latest successful main build
            echo "No tag specified, looking for latest main build"
-            BUILD_RUN_ID=$(gh api \
-              "repos/${{ github.repository }}/actions/workflows/build.yml/runs?branch=main&status=success&per_page=1" \
-              --jq '.workflow_runs[0].id' 2>/dev/null || echo "")
-
-            if [[ -z "$BUILD_RUN_ID" || "$BUILD_RUN_ID" == "null" ]]; then
-              echo "❌ No successful main build found"
-              exit 1
-            fi
+            BUILD_RUN_ID=$(gh api --method GET \
+              "repos/${REPOSITORY}/actions/workflows/build.yml/runs" \
+              -f branch=main -f status=success -F per_page=1 \
+              --jq '.workflow_runs[0].id // empty' 2>/dev/null || true)
+            [[ "$BUILD_RUN_ID" =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]] || fail "no successful main build found"
            echo "Latest main build: $BUILD_RUN_ID"
          fi

-          # Determine version and build type
+          # Fetch once and use the same immutable run metadata for identity,
+          # ordering, workflow provenance, and release-channel validation.
+          RUN_JSON=$(gh api "repos/${REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${BUILD_RUN_ID}") ||
+            fail "cannot read selected build run"
+          RUN_ID=$(jq -r '.id // empty' <<<"$RUN_JSON")
+          RUN_NUMBER=$(jq -r '.run_number // empty' <<<"$RUN_JSON")
+          RUN_STATUS=$(jq -r '.status // empty' <<<"$RUN_JSON")
+          RUN_CONCLUSION=$(jq -r '.conclusion // empty' <<<"$RUN_JSON")
+          RUN_PATH=$(jq -r '.path // empty' <<<"$RUN_JSON")
+          HEAD_SHA=$(jq -r '.head_sha // empty' <<<"$RUN_JSON")
+          RUN_HEAD_BRANCH=$(jq -r '.head_branch // empty' <<<"$RUN_JSON")
+
+          [[ "$RUN_ID" == "$BUILD_RUN_ID" ]] || fail "run metadata ID mismatch"
+          [[ "$RUN_NUMBER" =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]] || fail "build run number must be a positive decimal integer"
+          [[ "$RUN_STATUS" == completed && "$RUN_CONCLUSION" == success ]] || fail "selected build run is not successful"
+          [[ "$RUN_PATH" == .github/workflows/build.yml ]] || fail "selected run is not Build and Release"
+          [[ "$HEAD_SHA" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{40}$ ]] || fail "selected build run has an invalid head SHA"
+          [[ "$RUN_HEAD_BRANCH" != *$'\n'* && -n "$RUN_HEAD_BRANCH" ]] || fail "selected build run has an invalid head branch"
+
          if [[ -n "$TAG" ]]; then
+            [[ "$RUN_HEAD_BRANCH" == "$TAG" ]] || fail "tag and build run head branch do not match"
+
+            TAG_REF_JSON=$(gh api "repos/${REPOSITORY}/git/ref/tags/${TAG}") ||
+              fail "cannot resolve release tag ref"
+            TAG_OBJECT_TYPE=$(jq -r '.object.type // empty' <<<"$TAG_REF_JSON")
+            TAG_OBJECT_SHA=$(jq -r '.object.sha // empty' <<<"$TAG_REF_JSON")
+            depth=0
+            while [[ "$TAG_OBJECT_TYPE" == tag && $depth -lt 5 ]]; do
+              TAG_OBJECT_JSON=$(gh api "repos/${REPOSITORY}/git/tags/${TAG_OBJECT_SHA}") ||
+                fail "cannot peel annotated release tag"
+              TAG_OBJECT_TYPE=$(jq -r '.object.type // empty' <<<"$TAG_OBJECT_JSON")
+              TAG_OBJECT_SHA=$(jq -r '.object.sha // empty' <<<"$TAG_OBJECT_JSON")
+              depth=$((depth + 1))
+            done
+            [[ "$TAG_OBJECT_TYPE" == commit && "$TAG_OBJECT_SHA" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{40}$ ]] ||
+              fail "release tag does not resolve to a commit"
+            [[ "$TAG_OBJECT_SHA" == "$HEAD_SHA" ]] || fail "release tag commit and build run head SHA do not match"
            VERSION="$TAG"
-            if [[ "$TAG" == *"-preview"* ]]; then
-              BUILD_TYPE="preview"
-            elif [[ "$TAG" == *"alpha"* || "$TAG" == *"beta"* || "$TAG" == *"rc"* ]]; then
-              BUILD_TYPE="prerelease"
-            else
-              BUILD_TYPE="release"
-            fi
+            DEV_SEQUENCE=""
          else
-            SHORT_SHA=$(gh api "repos/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${BUILD_RUN_ID}" \
-              --jq '.head_sha' 2>/dev/null | head -c 7)
-            VERSION="dev-${SHORT_SHA}"
-            BUILD_TYPE="development"
+            VERSION="dev-${HEAD_SHA}"
+            DEV_SEQUENCE="$RUN_NUMBER"
          fi

          {
            echo "version=$VERSION"
            echo "build_type=$BUILD_TYPE"
            echo "build_run_id=$BUILD_RUN_ID"
+            echo "build_run_number=$RUN_NUMBER"
+            echo "head_sha=$HEAD_SHA"
+            echo "dev_sequence=$DEV_SEQUENCE"
            echo "tag=${TAG}"
          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"

@@ -180,6 +222,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "  Version: $VERSION"
          echo "  Build type: $BUILD_TYPE"
          echo "  Build run ID: $BUILD_RUN_ID"
+          echo "  Build run number: $RUN_NUMBER"

  # Build DEB and RPM packages for each architecture
  package:
@@ -206,6 +249,22 @@ jobs:
        with:
          persist-credentials: false

+      - name: Normalize package metadata
+        id: versions
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          BUILD_TYPE: ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.build_type }}
+          SOURCE_VERSION: ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.version }}
+          DEV_SEQUENCE: ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.dev_sequence }}
+          DEB_ARCH: ${{ matrix.deb_arch }}
+          RPM_ARCH: ${{ matrix.rpm_arch }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          normalized=$(./scripts/release/package_versions.sh \
+            "$BUILD_TYPE" "$SOURCE_VERSION" "$DEV_SEQUENCE" "$DEB_ARCH" "$RPM_ARCH")
+          printf '%s\n' "$normalized" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
      - name: Download binary artifact from build run
        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7
        with:
@@ -224,7 +283,7 @@ jobs:
          ZIP_FILE=$(find ./binary-artifact -name "*.zip" -type f | head -1)
          if [[ -z "$ZIP_FILE" ]]; then
            echo "❌ No binary artifact found"
-            ls -la ./binary-artifact/ || true
+            find ./binary-artifact -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -print 2>/dev/null || true
            exit 1
          fi

@@ -239,24 +298,22 @@ jobs:
          fi

          chmod +x ./bin/rustfs
-          ls -lh ./bin/rustfs
+          stat --printf='%n %s bytes\n' ./bin/rustfs
          echo "✅ Binary extracted"

      - name: Build DEB package
        id: deb
        shell: bash
+        env:
+          DEB_VERSION: ${{ steps.versions.outputs.deb_version }}
+          DEB_ARCH: ${{ matrix.deb_arch }}
+          DEB_FILE: ${{ steps.versions.outputs.deb_file }}
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail

-          VERSION="${{ needs.resolve.outputs.version }}"
-          DEB_ARCH="${{ matrix.deb_arch }}"
-          # DEB version: replace - with ~ (1.0.0-beta.12 -> 1.0.0~beta.12)
-          # Use a variable for ~ to prevent tilde expansion by bash
-          TILDE='~'
-          DEB_VERSION="${VERSION/-/$TILDE}"
-          PKG_DIR="rustfs_${DEB_VERSION}_${DEB_ARCH}"
+          PKG_DIR="${DEB_FILE%.deb}"

-          echo "Building DEB: ${PKG_DIR}.deb"
+          echo "Building DEB: ${DEB_FILE}"

          mkdir -p "${PKG_DIR}/DEBIAN"
          mkdir -p "${PKG_DIR}/usr/bin"
@@ -333,26 +390,32 @@ jobs:
          cp LICENSE "${PKG_DIR}/usr/share/doc/rustfs/"
          cp README.md "${PKG_DIR}/usr/share/doc/rustfs/"

-          fakeroot dpkg-deb --build "${PKG_DIR}"
+          fakeroot dpkg-deb --build "${PKG_DIR}" "$DEB_FILE"

-          DEB_FILE="${PKG_DIR}.deb"
-          ls -lh "$DEB_FILE"
+          [[ $(dpkg-deb -f "$DEB_FILE" Package) == rustfs ]]
+          [[ $(dpkg-deb -f "$DEB_FILE" Version) == "$DEB_VERSION" ]]
+          [[ $(dpkg-deb -f "$DEB_FILE" Architecture) == "$DEB_ARCH" ]]
+          dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile "$DEB_FILE" | tar -tf - | grep -Fx './usr/bin/rustfs' >/dev/null
+          stat --printf='%n %s bytes\n' "$DEB_FILE"
          echo "deb_file=$DEB_FILE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
          echo "✅ DEB built: $DEB_FILE"

      - name: Build RPM package
        id: rpm
        shell: bash
+        env:
+          RPM_VERSION: ${{ steps.versions.outputs.rpm_version }}
+          RPM_RELEASE: ${{ steps.versions.outputs.rpm_release }}
+          RPM_ARCH: ${{ matrix.rpm_arch }}
+          RPM_FILE: ${{ steps.versions.outputs.rpm_file }}
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail

-          VERSION="${{ needs.resolve.outputs.version }}"
-          RPM_ARCH="${{ matrix.rpm_arch }}"
-
          echo "Building RPM for ${RPM_ARCH}"

-          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ruby ruby-dev build-essential
+          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ruby ruby-dev build-essential rpm
          sudo gem install fpm
+          ./scripts/test_package_versions.sh --require-package-managers

          # Create config file for fpm (DEB build creates it in its package dir structure,
          # but fpm needs the file to exist before packaging)
@@ -367,8 +430,10 @@ jobs:

          fpm -s dir -t rpm \
            --name rustfs \
-            --version "$VERSION" \
+            --version "$RPM_VERSION" \
+            --iteration "$RPM_RELEASE" \
            --architecture "$RPM_ARCH" \
+            --package "$RPM_FILE" \
            --depends "glibc >= 2.31" \
            --maintainer "RustFS Team <support@rustfs.com>" \
            --description "High-performance distributed object storage" \
@@ -410,13 +475,16 @@ jobs:
            LICENSE=/usr/share/doc/rustfs/LICENSE \
            README.md=/usr/share/doc/rustfs/README.md

-          RPM_FILE=$(ls -1 rustfs-*.rpm 2>/dev/null | head -1)
-          if [[ -z "$RPM_FILE" ]]; then
+          if [[ ! -f "$RPM_FILE" ]]; then
            echo "❌ RPM build failed"
            exit 1
          fi

-          ls -lh "$RPM_FILE"
+          RPM_METADATA=$(rpm -qp --qf '%{NAME}\n%{VERSION}\n%{RELEASE}\n%{ARCH}\n' "$RPM_FILE")
+          EXPECTED_METADATA=$(printf 'rustfs\n%s\n%s\n%s' "$RPM_VERSION" "$RPM_RELEASE" "$RPM_ARCH")
+          [[ "$RPM_METADATA" == "$EXPECTED_METADATA" ]]
+          rpm -qpl "$RPM_FILE" | grep -Fx '/usr/bin/rustfs' >/dev/null
+          stat --printf='%n %s bytes\n' "$RPM_FILE"
          echo "rpm_file=$RPM_FILE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
          echo "✅ RPM built: $RPM_FILE"

@@ -437,6 +505,9 @@ jobs:
          R2_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.R2_ENDPOINT }}
          R2_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.R2_BUCKET }}
          AWS_EC2_METADATA_DISABLED: true
+          BUILD_TYPE: ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.build_type }}
+          DEB_FILE: ${{ steps.deb.outputs.deb_file }}
+          RPM_FILE: ${{ steps.rpm.outputs.rpm_file }}
        shell: bash
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
@@ -454,7 +525,6 @@ jobs:
          export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="$R2_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"
          export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="auto"

-          BUILD_TYPE="${{ needs.resolve.outputs.build_type }}"
          if [[ "$BUILD_TYPE" == "development" ]]; then
            R2_PREFIX="artifacts/rustfs/packages/dev"
          else
@@ -464,9 +534,6 @@ jobs:

          echo "📤 Uploading to $R2_PATH"

-          DEB_FILE="${{ steps.deb.outputs.deb_file }}"
-          RPM_FILE="${{ steps.rpm.outputs.rpm_file }}"
-
          for f in "$DEB_FILE" "$RPM_FILE"; do
            if [[ -n "$f" && -f "$f" ]]; then
              echo "Uploading: $f"
@@ -492,14 +559,13 @@ jobs:
        if: needs.resolve.outputs.tag != ''
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          TAG: ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.tag }}
+          DEB_FILE: ${{ steps.deb.outputs.deb_file }}
+          RPM_FILE: ${{ steps.rpm.outputs.rpm_file }}
        shell: bash
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail

-          TAG="${{ needs.resolve.outputs.tag }}"
-          DEB_FILE="${{ steps.deb.outputs.deb_file }}"
-          RPM_FILE="${{ steps.rpm.outputs.rpm_file }}"
-
          # Upload the packages, then refresh the release checksums so the new
          # assets are covered, matching the binary release flow.
          for f in "$DEB_FILE" "$RPM_FILE"; do
@@ -551,12 +617,19 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: Print summary
        shell: bash
+        env:
+          SUMMARY_VERSION: ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.version }}
+          SUMMARY_BUILD_TYPE: ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.build_type }}
+          SUMMARY_BUILD_RUN_ID: ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.build_run_id }}
+          SUMMARY_PACKAGE_STATUS: ${{ needs.package.result }}
        run: |
-          echo "## 📦 Package Summary" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          echo "" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          echo "| Item | Value |" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          echo "|------|-------|" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          echo "| Version | \`${{ needs.resolve.outputs.version }}\` |" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          echo "| Build Type | ${{ needs.resolve.outputs.build_type }} |" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          echo "| Build Run | #${{ needs.resolve.outputs.build_run_id }} |" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
-          echo "| Package Status | ${{ needs.package.result }} |" >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+          {
+            echo "## 📦 Package Summary"
+            echo ""
+            echo "| Item | Value |"
+            echo "|------|-------|"
+            echo "| Version | \`${SUMMARY_VERSION}\` |"
+            echo "| Build Type | ${SUMMARY_BUILD_TYPE} |"
+            echo "| Build Run | #${SUMMARY_BUILD_RUN_ID} |"
+            echo "| Package Status | ${SUMMARY_PACKAGE_STATUS} |"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Functional chain driver: runs the nine functional suites in a fixed order
+# (upgrade -> s3 -> kms -> tier -> storage -> heal -> pool -> security, with
+# performance on its own runner in parallel) and guarantees the chain keeps
+# moving even when individual suites fail.
+#
+# Each suite workflow can still be dispatched standalone (workflow_dispatch);
+# only chain-triggered runs forward to the next suite via repository_dispatch,
+# so a standalone run never drags the rest of the chain behind it.
+#
+# Why not workflow_run chaining: GitHub does not guarantee delivery of
+# workflow_run events (they are fire-and-forget), and the head-SHA filter made
+# newly added suites (storage) unable to trigger at all. Explicit
+# repository_dispatch handoffs are verifiable and re-drivable.
+
+name: RustFS Functional Chain
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_run:
+    # Entry point: start the chain after the nightly build completes. The
+    # build's own conclusion does not gate the chain; each suite reports its
+    # own result to rustfs/backlog and the dashboard.
+    workflows: ["Nightly GNU Build"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  start-chain:
+    name: Start functional chain (upgrade first)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || (github.event_name == 'workflow_run' && github.event.workflow_run.event == 'schedule') }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Dispatch first suite (upgrade)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot start the functional chain" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-upgrade' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=nightly-build'
+
+      - name: Dispatch performance suite (parallel, own runner)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot dispatch performance" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-performance' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=nightly-build'
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ on:
        description: 'Reset the nodes after the test (DESTROYS test data/config)'
        type: boolean
        default: true
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Chain handoff: dispatched when the storage suite finishes. Heal runs
+    # exactly once per chain; the pool expansion workflow no longer embeds
+    # its own heal pass.
+    types: [rustfs-chain-heal]

 permissions:
  contents: read
@@ -30,7 +35,7 @@ permissions:
 # Only one test at a time: both this and the pool-expansion workflow mutate
 # the same test environment, so they share one concurrency group.
 concurrency:
-  group: rustfs-pool-expansion-test
+  group: rustfs-shared-functional-tests
  cancel-in-progress: false

 defaults:
@@ -43,17 +48,39 @@ env:
  RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT || vars.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT || vars.RUSTFS_RC_ENDPOINT }}
  RUSTFS_NODES: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_NODES || vars.RUSTFS_NODES }}
  RUSTFS_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SSH_USER || vars.RUSTFS_SSH_USER }}
+  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}

 jobs:
  heal-test:
    runs-on: smoke-testing
+    # Requirement: a failing suite must not fail the workflow; failures
+    # are filed to rustfs/backlog and the chain continues.
+    continue-on-error: true
    timeout-minutes: 480
+    # Standalone manual run, or one link of the nightly functional chain
+    # (storage -> heal -> pool). Pool expansion no longer re-runs heal.
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              echo "auto-testing cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1

      - name: Show environment
        run: |
@@ -63,11 +90,24 @@ jobs:
          warp --version || true
          df -h /data | tail -1

-      - name: Reset test environment (before)
+      - name: Cleanup environment (before)
        if: ${{ inputs.cleanup_before != 'false' }}
        run: |
-          chmod +x scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh --reset -y
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done

      - name: Install RustFS package & start cluster
        run: |
@@ -77,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
          else
            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_heal_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"

      - name: Preflight checks
        run: |
@@ -87,17 +127,132 @@ jobs:
          else
            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_heal_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"

      - name: Run heal test (write -> outage -> heal -> verify)
+        id: test
        run: |
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh \
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_heal_test.sh \
            --steps "3,4,5,6,7" -y \
            --endpoint "${{ env.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT }}" \
-            --stop-node-gb "${{ inputs.stop_node_gb }}" \
-            --warp-stop-gb "${{ inputs.warp_stop_gb }}" \
+            --stop-node-gb "${{ inputs.stop_node_gb || '15' }}" \
+            --warp-stop-gb "${{ inputs.warp_stop_gb || '40' }}" \
            --log-file /tmp/rustfs-heal-test.log

+      - name: Generate report
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-heal-test.log
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-heal-report.md
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${PACKAGE_URL}"
+          else
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}"
+          fi
+          {
+            echo "# RustFS heal test report"
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Run: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            echo "- Package: ${PACKAGE_SOURCE}"
+            echo "- Test Step Outcome: ${{ steps.test.outcome }}"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Log tail"
+            echo '```text'
+            tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" || true
+            echo '```'
+          } | tee "${REPORT_FILE}"
+          cat "${REPORT_FILE}" >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+
+      - name: Upload functional report to dashboard
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-heal-report.md
+          SUITE: heal
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping dashboard upload"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="functional-reports/${SUITE}/${DATE}.md"
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()).decode())' "${REPORT_FILE}")"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          else
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.test.outcome == 'failure' || steps.test.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 'heal'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'Heal'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          REPORT_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-heal-report.md'
+          LOG_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-heal-test.log'
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"
+
      - name: Upload test logs
        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
@@ -108,10 +263,42 @@ jobs:
            /tmp/rustfs-warp.*.log
          if-no-files-found: warn

-      - name: Reset test environment (after)
+      - name: Cleanup environment (after)
        if: ${{ always() && inputs.cleanup_after != 'false' }}
        run: |
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh --reset -y
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: "Continue functional chain (next: Pool expansion)"
+        # Only chain-triggered runs forward to the next suite; standalone
+        # workflow_dispatch runs stop after their own cleanup.
+        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot dispatch the next suite" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "Dispatching next functional suite: Pool expansion"
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-pool' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=heal'

      - name: Notify on failure
        if: failure()
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+name: RustFS KMS Test
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      rustfs_version:
+        description: 'RustFS release tag to test (e.g. 1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1)'
+        required: false
+        default: '1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1'
+      package_url:
+        description: 'Direct .deb URL (nightly/R2/dev). Overrides rustfs_version.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      enforce_sse_key_policy:
+        description: 'Enable RUSTFS_KMS_ENFORCE_SSE_KEY_POLICY (runs KMS-401/402)'
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      frame_v2:
+        description: 'Enable RUSTFS_ENCRYPTION_FRAME_V2 (runs KMS-318)'
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
+      config_secret:
+        description: 'Set RUSTFS_KMS_CONFIG_SECRET (runs KMS-107 config sealing)'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Chain handoff: dispatched when the S3 compatibility suite finishes.
+    types: [rustfs-chain-kms]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: rustfs-shared-functional-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_NODES: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_NODES || vars.RUSTFS_NODES }}
+  RUSTFS_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SSH_USER || vars.RUSTFS_SSH_USER }}
+  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}
+  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+
+jobs:
+  kms-test:
+    runs-on: smoke-testing
+    continue-on-error: true
+    timeout-minutes: 420
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+    steps:
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              echo "auto-testing cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Show environment
+        run: |
+          uname -a
+          jq --version
+          openssl version
+          docker --version || true
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (before)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: Ensure docker (Vault container)
+        run: |
+          if ! command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get install -y docker.io
+          fi
+          sudo systemctl enable --now docker
+          docker info >/dev/null 2>&1 || sudo docker info >/dev/null 2>&1
+
+      - name: Run KMS suite
+        id: test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-kms.log
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          chmod +x auto-testing/rustfs-kms-test.sh
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          RUSTFS_VERSION='${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}'
+          ARGS=(--all-topologies --backends "local,vault-kv2" -y --log-file "${LOG_FILE}")
+          EXTRA_ENV=""
+          if [ "${{ inputs.enforce_sse_key_policy }}" = "true" ]; then
+            EXTRA_ENV+="RUSTFS_KMS_ENFORCE_SSE_KEY_POLICY=true"$'\n'
+          fi
+          if [ "${{ inputs.frame_v2 }}" = "true" ]; then
+            EXTRA_ENV+="RUSTFS_ENCRYPTION_FRAME_V2=true"$'\n'
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${{ inputs.config_secret }}" ]; then
+            EXTRA_ENV+="RUSTFS_KMS_CONFIG_SECRET=${{ inputs.config_secret }}"$'\n'
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${EXTRA_ENV}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--extra-env "${EXTRA_ENV}")
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${PACKAGE_URL}")
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--version "${RUSTFS_VERSION}")
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}")
+          fi
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs-kms-test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+
+      - name: Generate report
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-kms.log
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-kms-report.md
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          RUSTFS_VERSION='${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}'
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${PACKAGE_URL}"
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="version ${RUSTFS_VERSION}"
+          else
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}"
+          fi
+          CASE_TABLE="/tmp/rustfs-kms-cases.md"
+          python3 - "${LOG_FILE}" "${CASE_TABLE}" <<'PY'
+          import re
+          import sys
+
+          log_file, out_file = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+          ansi = re.compile(r'\x1b\[[0-9;]*m')
+          start_re = re.compile(r'^---\s+([A-Z]+-[0-9]+)\s+(.+?)\s+---$')
+          done_re = re.compile(r'^\[(PASS|FAIL|UNSUPPORTED)\]\s+([A-Z]+-[0-9]+)\b')
+
+          rows = []
+          index = {}
+          try:
+            with open(log_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8', errors='replace') as fh:
+              for raw in fh:
+                line = ansi.sub('', raw).strip()
+                m = start_re.match(line)
+                if m:
+                  case_id, name = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+                  if case_id not in index:
+                    index[case_id] = len(rows)
+                    rows.append([case_id, name, 'RUNNING'])
+                  continue
+                m = done_re.match(line)
+                if m:
+                  status, case_id = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+                  if case_id in index:
+                    rows[index[case_id]][2] = status
+                  else:
+                    rows.append([case_id, case_id, status])
+                    index[case_id] = len(rows) - 1
+          except FileNotFoundError:
+            rows = []
+
+          counts = {'PASS': 0, 'FAIL': 0, 'UNSUPPORTED': 0, 'RUNNING': 0}
+          for _, _, status in rows:
+            counts[status] = counts.get(status, 0) + 1
+
+          with open(out_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as out:
+            out.write('## Case Summary\n\n')
+            out.write(f"- Total: {len(rows)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- PASS: {counts.get('PASS', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- FAIL: {counts.get('FAIL', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- UNSUPPORTED: {counts.get('UNSUPPORTED', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write('\\n')
+            out.write('| Case | Name | Status |\\n')
+            out.write('| --- | --- | --- |\\n')
+            for case_id, name, status in rows:
+              out.write(f'| {case_id} | {name} | {status} |\\n')
+          PY
+          {
+            echo "# RustFS KMS test report"
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Run: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            echo "- Package: ${PACKAGE_SOURCE}"
+            echo "- Test Step Outcome: ${{ steps.test.outcome }}"
+            echo ""
+            cat "${CASE_TABLE}" || true
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Log tail"
+            echo '```text'
+            tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" || true
+            echo '```'
+          } | tee "${REPORT_FILE}"
+          cat "${REPORT_FILE}" >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+
+      - name: Upload functional report to dashboard
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-kms-report.md
+          SUITE: kms
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping dashboard upload"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="functional-reports/${SUITE}/${DATE}.md"
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()).decode())' "${REPORT_FILE}")"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          else
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.test.outcome == 'failure' || steps.test.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 'kms'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'KMS'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          REPORT_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-kms-report.md'
+          LOG_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-kms.log'
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"
+
+      - name: Upload report and logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        with:
+          name: rustfs-kms-test-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: |
+            /tmp/rustfs-kms.log
+            /tmp/rustfs-kms-report.md
+          if-no-files-found: warn
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (after)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: "Continue functional chain (next: Tier)"
+        # Only chain-triggered runs forward to the next suite; standalone
+        # workflow_dispatch runs stop after their own cleanup.
+        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot dispatch the next suite" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "Dispatching next functional suite: Tier"
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-tier' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=kms'
+
+      - name: Notify on failure
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          echo "RustFS KMS suite failed"
+          echo "See the uploaded report and log artifacts for details."
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ on:
        description: 'Reset the nodes after the test (DESTROYS test data/config)'
        type: boolean
        default: true
-  workflow_run:
-    # Run after the nightly build completes; the nightly deb is what the test installs.
-    workflows: ["Nightly GNU Build"]
-    types: [completed]
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Chain entry: dispatched by rustfs-functional-chain.yml (runs on its own
+    # pf-testing runner, in parallel with the shared-VM chain).
+    types: [rustfs-chain-performance]

 permissions:
  contents: read
@@ -78,22 +78,39 @@ env:
  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}
  # Fixed benchmark result directory so later steps can read summary.md
  RUSTFS_RESULT_DIR: /tmp/rustfs-perf-results
-  # Cross-repo token for writing to rustfs/backlog (set in repo settings)
+  # Cross-repo token for uploading reports to rustfs/dashboard (set in repo settings)
  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}

 jobs:
  performance-test:
    runs-on: pf-testing
+    # Requirement: a failing benchmark must not fail the workflow;
+    # failures are filed to rustfs/backlog.
+    continue-on-error: true
    timeout-minutes: 900
    # Run on manual dispatch, or when the nightly build completed successfully.
    # Skipped when nightly failed.
-    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-          ref: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.ref }}
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              echo "auto-testing cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1

      - name: Show environment
        run: |
@@ -105,8 +122,8 @@ jobs:
      - name: Reset test environment (before)
        if: ${{ inputs.cleanup_before != 'false' }}
        run: |
-          chmod +x scripts/test/rustfs_performance_test.sh
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_performance_test.sh --step 1 -y
+          chmod +x auto-testing/rustfs_performance_test.sh
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_performance_test.sh --step 1 -y

      - name: Install RustFS package & start cluster (4x4)
        run: |
@@ -116,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
          else
            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_performance_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_performance_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"

      - name: Preflight checks
        run: |
@@ -126,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
          else
            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_performance_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_performance_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"

      - name: Run benchmark (GET/PUT/MIXED)
        id: benchmark
@@ -135,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
          # Manual dispatch can restrict method(s)/size(s).
          export WARP_METHODS="${{ inputs.test_method }}"
          export WARP_SIZES="${{ inputs.object_size }}"
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_performance_test.sh \
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_performance_test.sh \
            --step 5 -y \
            --warp-duration "${{ inputs.warp_duration || '5m' }}" \
            --warp-concurrency "${{ inputs.warp_concurrency || '64' }}" \
@@ -144,42 +161,130 @@ jobs:
      - name: Analyze results
        if: ${{ steps.benchmark.conclusion == 'success' }}
        run: |
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_performance_test.sh --step 6 -y
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_performance_test.sh --step 6 -y

-      - name: Post results to backlog issue
+      - name: Collect RustFS version info
+        if: ${{ steps.benchmark.conclusion == 'success' }}
+        env:
+          VERSION_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-version.txt
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES}"
+          [ "${#NODES[@]}" -gt 0 ] || { echo "RUSTFS_NODES is empty"; exit 1; }
+          NODE="${NODES[0]}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          {
+            echo "Node: ${NODE}"
+            echo "Command: rustfs --version"
+            echo ""
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new \
+              "${SSH_USER}@${NODE}" 'rustfs --version'
+          } > "${VERSION_FILE}"
+
+      - name: Upload report to dashboard (reports/YYYY-MM-DD.md)
        if: ${{ steps.benchmark.conclusion == 'success' }}
        env:
          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
          RESULT_DIR: ${{ env.RUSTFS_RESULT_DIR }}
+          VERSION_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-version.txt
        run: |
          set -euo pipefail
          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
-            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping issue post"
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping report upload"
            exit 0
          fi
          SUMMARY="${RESULT_DIR}/summary.md"
          [ -f "${SUMMARY}" ] || { echo "summary.md not found at ${SUMMARY}"; exit 1; }
          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="reports/${DATE}.md"
          {
-            echo "## RustFS nightly build performance testing report"
+            echo "# RustFS nightly build performance testing report"
            echo ""
-            echo "- **日期**: ${DATE}"
+            echo "- **Date**: ${DATE}"
            echo "- **Run**: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
-            echo "- **触发方式**: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            echo "- **Trigger**: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            echo "- **Package**: ${{ inputs.package_url || 'nightly (R2 latest)' }}"
            echo ""
            cat "${SUMMARY}"
-          } > /tmp/rustfs-perf-issue-body.md
-          TITLE="RustFS nightly build performance testing report"
-          EXISTING="$(gh issue list --repo rustfs/backlog \
-            --search "in:title \"${TITLE}\"" --state all --limit 5 \
-            --json number --jq '.[0].number // empty')"
-          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
-            gh issue comment "${EXISTING}" --repo rustfs/backlog --body-file /tmp/rustfs-perf-issue-body.md
-            echo "commented on existing issue #${EXISTING}"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## RustFS version"
+            echo '```text'
+            cat "${VERSION_FILE}"
+            echo '```'
+          } > /tmp/rustfs-perf-report.md
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64; print(base64.b64encode(open("/tmp/rustfs-perf-report.md","rb").read()).decode())')"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report: ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+            echo "updated ${REPORT_PATH} in rustfs/dashboard"
          else
-            gh issue create --repo rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file /tmp/rustfs-perf-issue-body.md
+            jq -n --arg msg "report: ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+            echo "created ${REPORT_PATH} in rustfs/dashboard"
          fi

+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.benchmark.outcome == 'failure' || steps.benchmark.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 'performance'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'Performance'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          REPORT_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-perf-report.md'
+          LOG_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-perf-test.log'
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"
+
      - name: Upload test logs & results
        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
@@ -188,12 +293,13 @@ jobs:
          path: |
            /tmp/rustfs-perf-test*.log
            /tmp/rustfs-perf-results/**
+            /tmp/rustfs-version.txt
          if-no-files-found: warn

      - name: Reset test environment (after)
        if: ${{ always() && inputs.cleanup_after != 'false' }}
        run: |
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_performance_test.sh --step 7 -y
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_performance_test.sh --step 7 -y

      - name: Notify on failure
        if: failure()
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-name: RustFS Pool Expansion / Decommission Test
+name: RustFS Pool Expansion Test

 on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      rustfs_version:
-        description: 'RustFS release tag to test (e.g. 1.0.0-rc.3)'
+        description: 'RustFS release tag to test (leave empty to use the latest nightly deb)'
        required: false
-        default: '1.0.0-rc.3'
      package_url:
        description: 'Direct .deb URL (nightly/R2/dev). Overrides rustfs_version.'
        required: false
@@ -26,18 +25,14 @@ on:
        description: 'warp write duration (e.g. 5m, 10m)'
        required: false
        default: '10m'
+      warp_concurrent:
+        description: 'Pool fill: concurrent warp operations'
+        required: false
+        default: '32'
      run_decommission:
        description: 'Run the pool decommission step (3-pool topology only)'
        type: boolean
        default: true
-      stop_node_gb:
-        description: 'Heal: stop the outage node when surviving nodes reach N GiB'
-        required: false
-        default: '15'
-      warp_stop_gb:
-        description: 'Heal: stop warp when surviving nodes reach N GiB'
-        required: false
-        default: '40'
      cleanup_before:
        description: 'Reset the nodes before the test (DESTROYS existing data/config)'
        type: boolean
@@ -46,18 +41,18 @@ on:
        description: 'Reset the nodes after the test (DESTROYS test data/config)'
        type: boolean
        default: true
-  workflow_run:
-    # Run after the nightly build completes: pool expansion first, then heal.
-    workflows: ["Nightly GNU Build"]
-    types: [completed]
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Chain handoff: dispatched when the heal suite finishes.
+    types: [rustfs-chain-pool]

 permissions:
  contents: read

-# Only one pool-expansion test at a time: the workflow mutates a shared
-# test environment, so concurrent runs must not clobber each other.
+# Only one test run at a time: the job mutates the same shared test
+# environment (vm000/vm001/vm002), so concurrent runs must not clobber each
+# other.
 concurrency:
-  group: rustfs-pool-expansion-test
+  group: rustfs-shared-functional-tests
  cancel-in-progress: false

 defaults:
@@ -70,23 +65,55 @@ env:
  RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT || vars.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT || vars.RUSTFS_RC_ENDPOINT }}
  RUSTFS_NODES: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_NODES || vars.RUSTFS_NODES }}
  RUSTFS_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SSH_USER || vars.RUSTFS_SSH_USER }}
+  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
  # Package used by the nightly run (workflow_dispatch inputs are empty for
  # workflow_run events), i.e. the latest nightly deb published by nightly-gnu.yml.
  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}

 jobs:
+  # Pool expansion: dispatched by the heal suite's chain handoff. Heal
+  # itself lives in rustfs-heal-test.yml and runs exactly once per chain.
  pool-expansion-test:
+    name: Pool expansion / decommission test
    runs-on: smoke-testing
+    # Requirement: a failing suite must not fail the workflow; failures
+    # are filed to rustfs/backlog and the chain continues.
+    continue-on-error: true
    timeout-minutes: 360
-    # Run on manual dispatch, or when the nightly build completed successfully
-    # (its deb is what the tests install). Skipped when nightly failed.
-    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+    env:
+      RUSTFS_POOL_ADMIN_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_POOL_ADMIN_ENDPOINT || vars.RUSTFS_POOL_ADMIN_ENDPOINT || 'http://rustfs-node1:9000' }}
+      RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT: http://127.0.0.1:19000
+      RUSTFS_POOL_WARP_ENDPOINT: http://127.0.0.1:19000
+      RUSTFS_SHARED_PROXY_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT || vars.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT || vars.RUSTFS_RC_ENDPOINT }}
+      RUSTFS_POOL_NODE_ENDPOINTS: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_POOL_NODE_ENDPOINTS || vars.RUSTFS_POOL_NODE_ENDPOINTS || 'http://rustfs-node1:9000 http://rustfs-node2:9000 http://rustfs-node3:9000' }}
    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-          ref: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.ref }}
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              echo "auto-testing cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Initialize pool test artifacts
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          ARTIFACT_DIR="${RUNNER_TEMP}/rustfs-pool-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}"
+          mkdir -p "${ARTIFACT_DIR}"
+          echo "POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR=${ARTIFACT_DIR}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"

      - name: Show environment
        run: |
@@ -96,15 +123,32 @@ jobs:
          warp --version || true
          df -h /data | tail -1

-      - name: Reset test environment (before)
+      - name: Cleanup environment (before)
        if: ${{ inputs.cleanup_before != 'false' }}
        run: |
-          chmod +x scripts/test/rustfs_pool_expand.sh
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_pool_expand.sh --reset -y
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done

-      - name: Install RustFS package & start first pool
+      - name: Install RustFS package & start cluster
        run: |
-          ARGS=(--steps "1,2,3" -y --endpoint "${{ env.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT }}")
+          ARGS=(--steps "1,2,3" -y \
+            --admin-endpoint "${RUSTFS_POOL_ADMIN_ENDPOINT}" \
+            --warp-endpoint "${RUSTFS_POOL_WARP_ENDPOINT}" \
+            --node-endpoints "${RUSTFS_POOL_NODE_ENDPOINTS}" \
+            --log-file "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-test.log")
          if [ -n "${{ inputs.package_url }}" ]; then
            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ inputs.package_url }}")
          elif [ -n "${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}" ]; then
@@ -112,11 +156,15 @@ jobs:
          else
            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_pool_expand.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_pool_expand.sh "${ARGS[@]}"

      - name: Preflight checks
        run: |
-          ARGS=(--preflight --endpoint "${{ env.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT }}")
+          ARGS=(--preflight \
+            --admin-endpoint "${RUSTFS_POOL_ADMIN_ENDPOINT}" \
+            --warp-endpoint "${RUSTFS_POOL_WARP_ENDPOINT}" \
+            --node-endpoints "${RUSTFS_POOL_NODE_ENDPOINTS}" \
+            --log-file "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-test.log")
          if [ -n "${{ inputs.package_url }}" ]; then
            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ inputs.package_url }}")
          elif [ -n "${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}" ]; then
@@ -124,7 +172,61 @@ jobs:
          else
            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_pool_expand.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs_pool_expand.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+
+      - name: Reset dedicated pool proxy
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_CONFIG_PATH=/etc/nginx/conf.d/rustfs-pool-test.conf \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_LISTEN="${RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT#http://}" \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_ACCESS_LOG=/var/log/nginx/rustfs-pool-test-access.log \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_ERROR_LOG=/var/log/nginx/rustfs-pool-test-error.log \
+            ./auto-testing/rustfs_pool_nginx_stage.sh cleanup
+
+      - name: Capture pool test baseline
+        run: |
+          set -uo pipefail
+          BASELINE_FILE="${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-baseline.log"
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          read -r -a DIRECT_ENDPOINTS <<< "${RUSTFS_POOL_NODE_ENDPOINTS}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          failed=0
+          : > "${BASELINE_FILE}"
+
+          if [ "${#DIRECT_ENDPOINTS[@]}" -lt "${#NODES[@]}" ]; then
+            echo "not enough direct endpoints for the configured nodes" | tee -a "${BASELINE_FILE}" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          for index in "${!NODES[@]}"; do
+            node="${NODES[$index]}"
+            endpoint="${DIRECT_ENDPOINTS[$index]}"
+            body_file="${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/ready-baseline-$((index + 1)).body"
+            {
+              echo "--- node=${node} endpoint=${endpoint} ---"
+              if ! ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new \
+                "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+                  set -euo pipefail
+                  SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+                  echo "--- rustfs version ---"
+                  rustfs --version
+                  echo "--- systemd state ---"
+                  ${SUDO} systemctl show rustfs --no-pager \
+                    --property=ActiveState,SubState,Result,ExecMainPID,ExecMainStartTimestamp,NRestarts
+                '; then
+                echo "baseline collection failed for ${node}"
+                failed=1
+              fi
+              curl -sS --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 15 -o "${body_file}" \
+                -w "baseline_ready=${endpoint} http=%{http_code} connect=%{time_connect} ttfb=%{time_starttransfer} total=%{time_total}\n" \
+                "${endpoint%/}/health/ready" || true
+              echo "--- readiness body ---"
+              cat "${body_file}" 2>/dev/null || true
+              echo
+            } >> "${BASELINE_FILE}" 2>&1
+          done
+
+          [ "${failed}" -eq 0 ] || exit 1

      - name: Run pool expansion & decommission test
        id: pool_test
@@ -137,27 +239,378 @@ jobs:
              STEPS="$STEPS,9"
            fi
          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_pool_expand.sh \
-            --steps "$STEPS" --with-warp -y \
-            --endpoint "${{ env.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT }}" \
+          ARGS=(--steps "$STEPS" --with-warp -y \
+            --admin-endpoint "${RUSTFS_POOL_ADMIN_ENDPOINT}" \
+            --warp-endpoint "${RUSTFS_POOL_WARP_ENDPOINT}" \
+            --node-endpoints "${RUSTFS_POOL_NODE_ENDPOINTS}" \
            --storage-threshold "${{ inputs.storage_threshold || '50' }}" \
            --warp-duration "${{ inputs.warp_duration || '10m' }}" \
-            --log-file /tmp/rustfs-pool-test.log
+            --warp-concurrent "${{ inputs.warp_concurrent || '32' }}" \
+            --log-file "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-test.log")
+          if [ -n "${RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--proxy-endpoint "${RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT}")
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${{ inputs.package_url }}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ inputs.package_url }}")
+          elif [ -n "${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--version "${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}")
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
+          fi
+          RUSTFS_WARP_LOG_FILE="${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/warp.log" \
+          RUSTFS_PROXY_STAGE_HOOK=./auto-testing/rustfs_pool_nginx_stage.sh \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_CONFIG_PATH=/etc/nginx/conf.d/rustfs-pool-test.conf \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_LISTEN="${RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT#http://}" \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_ACCESS_LOG=/var/log/nginx/rustfs-pool-test-access.log \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_ERROR_LOG=/var/log/nginx/rustfs-pool-test-error.log \
+            ./auto-testing/rustfs_pool_expand.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+
+      - name: Collect pool test diagnostics
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -uo pipefail
+          ARTIFACT_DIR="${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR:-${RUNNER_TEMP}/rustfs-pool-${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}}"
+          mkdir -p "${ARTIFACT_DIR}"
+          echo "POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR=${ARTIFACT_DIR}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)=).*/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(proxy_set_header[[:space:]]+Authorization[[:space:]]+).*/\1[REDACTED];/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token).*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+
+          if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
+            SUDO=()
+          else
+            SUDO=(sudo -n)
+          fi
+
+          {
+            echo "captured_at=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
+            echo "run_id=${GITHUB_RUN_ID}"
+            echo "run_attempt=${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}"
+            if command -v nginx >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+              "${SUDO[@]}" nginx -T 2>&1 || echo "nginx -T failed"
+            else
+              echo "nginx is not installed on the runner"
+            fi
+          } | redact > "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-config-redacted.txt"
+
+          for log_path in \
+            /var/log/nginx/access.log \
+            /var/log/nginx/error.log \
+            /var/log/nginx/rustfs-pool-test-access.log \
+            /var/log/nginx/rustfs-pool-test-error.log; do
+            log_name="$(basename "${log_path}")"
+            if "${SUDO[@]}" test -r "${log_path}" 2>/dev/null; then
+              "${SUDO[@]}" cat "${log_path}" 2>&1 | redact \
+                > "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-${log_name%.log}-redacted.log"
+            else
+              echo "unavailable: ${log_path}" > "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-${log_name%.log}-redacted.log"
+            fi
+          done
+          "${SUDO[@]}" journalctl -u nginx --no-pager -n 5000 2>&1 | redact \
+            > "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-journal-redacted.log" || true
+
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            safe_node="${node//[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]/_}"
+            {
+              if ! ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new \
+                "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+                  SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+                  echo "--- rustfs version ---"
+                  rustfs --version 2>&1 || true
+                  echo "--- systemd state ---"
+                  ${SUDO} systemctl show rustfs --no-pager \
+                    --property=ActiveState,SubState,Result,ExecMainPID,ExecMainStartTimestamp,NRestarts 2>&1 || true
+                  echo "--- rustfs journal ---"
+                  ${SUDO} journalctl -u rustfs --no-pager -n 10000 2>&1 || true
+                  echo "--- rustfs file logs ---"
+                  if ${SUDO} test -d /var/log/rustfs; then
+                    ${SUDO} find /var/log/rustfs -maxdepth 2 -type f -print 2>/dev/null | while IFS= read -r file; do
+                      echo "--- ${file} (last 5000 lines) ---"
+                      ${SUDO} tail -n 5000 "${file}" 2>&1 || true
+                    done
+                  else
+                    echo "/var/log/rustfs is unavailable"
+                  fi
+                '; then
+                echo "SSH diagnostics failed for ${node}"
+              fi
+            } 2>&1 | redact > "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/${safe_node}-rustfs-redacted.log"
+          done
+
+          : > "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/endpoint-ready-probes.log"
+          read -r -a DIRECT_ENDPOINTS <<< "${RUSTFS_POOL_NODE_ENDPOINTS}"
+          probe_index=0
+          for endpoint in "${DIRECT_ENDPOINTS[@]}"; do
+            probe_index=$((probe_index + 1))
+            curl -sS --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 15 -o "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/ready-direct-${probe_index}.body" \
+              -w "direct[${probe_index}]=${endpoint} http=%{http_code} connect=%{time_connect} ttfb=%{time_starttransfer} total=%{time_total}\n" \
+              "${endpoint%/}/health/ready" >> "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/endpoint-ready-probes.log" 2>&1 || true
+          done
+          if [ -n "${RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT}" ]; then
+            curl -sS --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 15 -o "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/ready-proxy.body" \
+              -w "proxy=${RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT} http=%{http_code} connect=%{time_connect} ttfb=%{time_starttransfer} total=%{time_total}\n" \
+              "${RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT%/}/health/ready" >> "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/endpoint-ready-probes.log" 2>&1 || true
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${RUSTFS_SHARED_PROXY_ENDPOINT}" ]; then
+            curl -sS --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 15 -o "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/ready-shared-proxy.body" \
+              -w "shared_proxy=${RUSTFS_SHARED_PROXY_ENDPOINT} http=%{http_code} connect=%{time_connect} ttfb=%{time_starttransfer} total=%{time_total}\n" \
+              "${RUSTFS_SHARED_PROXY_ENDPOINT%/}/health/ready" >> "${ARTIFACT_DIR}/endpoint-ready-probes.log" 2>&1 || true
+          fi
+
+      - name: Generate report
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          LOG_FILE="${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-test.log"
+          REPORT_FILE="${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-report.md"
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          RUSTFS_VERSION='${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}'
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${PACKAGE_URL}"
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="version ${RUSTFS_VERSION}"
+          else
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}"
+          fi
+          {
+            echo "# RustFS pool expansion test report"
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Run: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            echo "- Package: ${PACKAGE_SOURCE}"
+            echo "- Warp concurrent: ${{ inputs.warp_concurrent || '32' }}"
+            echo "- Test Step Outcome: ${{ steps.pool_test.outcome }}"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Log tail"
+            echo '```text'
+            tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" || true
+            echo '```'
+          } | tee "${REPORT_FILE}"
+          cat "${REPORT_FILE}" >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+
+      - name: Validate pool diagnostic completeness
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          failed=0
+          require_nonempty() {
+            if [ ! -s "$1" ]; then
+              echo "required diagnostic is missing or empty: $1" >&2
+              failed=1
+            fi
+          }
+          require_available() {
+            if [ ! -e "$1" ]; then
+              echo "required diagnostic is missing: $1" >&2
+              failed=1
+            elif grep -Fq 'unavailable:' "$1" 2>/dev/null; then
+              echo "required diagnostic could not be collected: $1" >&2
+              failed=1
+            fi
+          }
+
+          require_nonempty "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-test.log"
+          require_nonempty "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/warp.log"
+          require_nonempty "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-report.md"
+          require_nonempty "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-baseline.log"
+          require_nonempty "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-config-redacted.txt"
+          require_nonempty "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-rustfs-pool-test-access-redacted.log"
+          require_available "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-rustfs-pool-test-access-redacted.log"
+          require_available "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-rustfs-pool-test-error-redacted.log"
+          require_nonempty "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/endpoint-ready-probes.log"
+
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          if grep -Fq 'baseline collection failed' "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-baseline.log" 2>/dev/null; then
+            echo "one or more node baselines could not be collected" >&2
+            failed=1
+          fi
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            safe_node="${node//[^A-Za-z0-9_.-]/_}"
+            node_log="${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/${safe_node}-rustfs-redacted.log"
+            require_nonempty "${node_log}"
+            if grep -Fq "SSH diagnostics failed for ${node}" "${node_log}" 2>/dev/null; then
+              echo "node diagnostics failed: ${node_log}" >&2
+              failed=1
+            fi
+            if ! grep -Eq '^rustfs @' "${node_log}" 2>/dev/null \
+              || ! grep -Eq '^NRestarts=[0-9]+$' "${node_log}" 2>/dev/null; then
+              echo "node version or restart evidence is incomplete: ${node_log}" >&2
+              failed=1
+            elif grep -Eq '^NRestarts=[1-9][0-9]*$' "${node_log}"; then
+              echo "RustFS restarted unexpectedly during the run: ${node_log}" >&2
+              failed=1
+            fi
+          done
+
+          if ! grep -Fq "upstream_status=\"\$upstream_status\"" \
+            "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-config-redacted.txt"; then
+            echo "Nginx config does not expose upstream status fields" >&2
+            failed=1
+          fi
+          if ! grep -Eq '^proxy=.* http=200([[:space:]]|$)' "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/endpoint-ready-probes.log"; then
+            echo "dedicated proxy readiness probe did not return HTTP 200" >&2
+            failed=1
+          fi
+          if grep -Eq 'status=50(2|4)|upstream_status="[^"]*50(2|4)' \
+            "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-rustfs-pool-test-access-redacted.log"; then
+            echo "dedicated proxy access log contains a 502/504 response" >&2
+            failed=1
+          fi
+          if grep -Eiq 'upstream prematurely closed connection|upstream timed out|(connect\(\)|recv\(\)|send\(\)) failed.*upstream|connection reset by peer.*upstream' \
+            "${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/nginx-rustfs-pool-test-error-redacted.log"; then
+            echo "dedicated proxy error log contains an upstream timeout or connection failure" >&2
+            failed=1
+          fi
+          [ "${failed}" -eq 0 ] || exit 1
+
+      - name: Upload functional report to dashboard
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: pool
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          REPORT_FILE="${POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR}/pool-report.md"
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping dashboard upload"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="functional-reports/${SUITE}/${DATE}.md"
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()).decode())' "${REPORT_FILE}")"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          else
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.pool_test.outcome == 'failure' || steps.pool_test.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 'pool'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'Pool expansion'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          REPORT_FILE: '${{ env.POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR }}/pool-report.md'
+          LOG_FILE: '${{ env.POOL_ARTIFACT_DIR }}/pool-test.log'
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"

      - name: Upload test logs
        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
        with:
-          name: rustfs-pool-test-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: |
-            /tmp/rustfs-pool-test*.log
-            /tmp/rustfs-warp.*.log
+          name: rustfs-pool-test-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/rustfs-pool-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
          if-no-files-found: warn

-      - name: Reset test environment (after)
+      - name: Restore dedicated pool proxy
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_CONFIG_PATH=/etc/nginx/conf.d/rustfs-pool-test.conf \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_LISTEN="${RUSTFS_POOL_PROXY_ENDPOINT#http://}" \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_ACCESS_LOG=/var/log/nginx/rustfs-pool-test-access.log \
+          RUSTFS_POOL_NGINX_ERROR_LOG=/var/log/nginx/rustfs-pool-test-error.log \
+            ./auto-testing/rustfs_pool_nginx_stage.sh cleanup
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (after)
        if: ${{ always() && inputs.cleanup_after != 'false' }}
        run: |
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_pool_expand.sh --reset -y
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: "Continue functional chain (next: Security)"
+        # Only chain-triggered runs forward to the next suite; standalone
+        # workflow_dispatch runs stop after their own cleanup.
+        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot dispatch the next suite" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "Dispatching next functional suite: Security"
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-security' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=pool'

      - name: Notify on failure
        if: failure()
@@ -165,74 +618,3 @@ jobs:
          echo "RustFS pool expansion test failed"
          echo "Package source: ${{ inputs.package_url || inputs.rustfs_version || 'nightly (R2 latest)' }}"
          echo "See the uploaded log artifact for details."
-
-  # Heal regression runs after the pool test regardless of its outcome: a pool
-  # failure must be reported (it makes the run red) but must not block heal.
-  heal-test:
-    name: Heal test (after pool test)
-    runs-on: smoke-testing
-    timeout-minutes: 480
-    needs: pool-expansion-test
-    if: ${{ always() && (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success') }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7
-        with:
-          persist-credentials: false
-          ref: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha || github.ref }}
-
-      - name: Reset test environment (before)
-        if: ${{ inputs.cleanup_before != 'false' }}
-        run: |
-          chmod +x scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh --reset -y
-
-      - name: Install RustFS package & start cluster
-        run: |
-          ARGS=(--steps "1,2" -y --endpoint "${{ env.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT }}")
-          if [ -n "${{ inputs.package_url }}" ]; then
-            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ inputs.package_url }}")
-          else
-            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
-          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
-
-      - name: Preflight checks
-        run: |
-          ARGS=(--preflight --endpoint "${{ env.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT }}")
-          if [ -n "${{ inputs.package_url }}" ]; then
-            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ inputs.package_url }}")
-          else
-            ARGS+=(--package-url "${{ env.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL }}")
-          fi
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
-
-      - name: Run heal test (write -> outage -> heal -> verify)
-        run: |
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh \
-            --steps 3,4,5,6,7 -y \
-            --endpoint "${{ env.RUSTFS_API_ENDPOINT }}" \
-            --stop-node-gb "${{ inputs.stop_node_gb || '15' }}" \
-            --warp-stop-gb "${{ inputs.warp_stop_gb || '40' }}" \
-            --log-file /tmp/rustfs-heal-test.log
-
-      - name: Upload test logs
-        if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
-        with:
-          name: rustfs-heal-test-${{ github.run_id }}
-          path: |
-            /tmp/rustfs-heal-test.log
-            /tmp/rustfs-warp.*.log
-          if-no-files-found: warn
-
-      - name: Reset test environment (after)
-        if: ${{ always() && inputs.cleanup_after != 'false' }}
-        run: |
-          ./scripts/test/rustfs_heal_test.sh --reset -y
-
-      - name: Notify on failure
-        if: failure()
-        run: |
-          echo "RustFS heal test failed"
-          echo "See the uploaded log artifact for details."
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+name: RustFS S3 Compatibility Test
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      rustfs_version:
+        description: 'RustFS release tag to test (e.g. 1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1)'
+        required: false
+        default: '1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1'
+      package_url:
+        description: 'Direct .deb URL (nightly/R2/dev). Overrides rustfs_version.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Chain handoff: dispatched when the upgrade suite finishes.
+    types: [rustfs-chain-s3]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: rustfs-shared-functional-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_NODES: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_NODES || vars.RUSTFS_NODES }}
+  RUSTFS_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SSH_USER || vars.RUSTFS_SSH_USER }}
+  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}
+  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+
+jobs:
+  s3-compat-test:
+    runs-on: smoke-testing
+    continue-on-error: true
+    timeout-minutes: 360
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+    steps:
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              echo "auto-testing cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Show environment
+        run: |
+          uname -a
+          jq --version
+          openssl version
+          df -h /data | tail -1
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (before)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: Run S3 compatibility suite
+        id: test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-s3-compat.log
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          chmod +x auto-testing/rustfs-s3-compat-test.sh
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          RUSTFS_VERSION='${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}'
+          ARGS=(--all-topologies -y --log-file "${LOG_FILE}")
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${PACKAGE_URL}")
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--version "${RUSTFS_VERSION}")
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}")
+          fi
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs-s3-compat-test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+
+      - name: Generate report
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-s3-compat.log
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-s3-compat-report.md
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          RUSTFS_VERSION='${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}'
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${PACKAGE_URL}"
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="version ${RUSTFS_VERSION}"
+          else
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}"
+          fi
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          RUSTFS_VERSION_INFO="N/A"
+          if [ "${#NODES[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then
+            DETECTED_VERSION="$(ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new \
+              "${SSH_USER}@${NODES[0]}" 'rustfs --version' 2>/dev/null | tr -d '\r' | head -n 1 || true)"
+            if [ -n "${DETECTED_VERSION}" ]; then
+              RUSTFS_VERSION_INFO="${DETECTED_VERSION}"
+            fi
+          fi
+          CASE_TABLE="/tmp/rustfs-s3-compat-cases.md"
+          python3 - "${LOG_FILE}" "${CASE_TABLE}" <<'PY'
+          import re
+          import sys
+
+          log_file, out_file = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+          ansi = re.compile(r'\x1b\[[0-9;]*m')
+          start_re = re.compile(r'^---\s+([A-Z0-9]+-[0-9]+)\s+(.+?)\s+---$')
+          done_re = re.compile(r'^\[(PASS|FAIL|UNSUPPORTED)\]\s+([A-Z0-9]+-[0-9]+)\b')
+
+          rows = []
+          index = {}
+          current = None
+          try:
+            with open(log_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8', errors='replace') as fh:
+              for raw in fh:
+                line = ansi.sub('', raw).strip()
+                m = start_re.match(line)
+                if m:
+                  case_id, name = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+                  current = case_id
+                  if case_id not in index:
+                    index[case_id] = len(rows)
+                    rows.append([case_id, name, 'RUNNING'])
+                  continue
+                m = done_re.match(line)
+                if m:
+                  status, case_id = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+                  if case_id in index:
+                    rows[index[case_id]][2] = status
+                  else:
+                    rows.append([case_id, case_id, status])
+                    index[case_id] = len(rows) - 1
+                  current = None
+          except FileNotFoundError:
+            rows = []
+
+          counts = {'PASS': 0, 'FAIL': 0, 'UNSUPPORTED': 0, 'RUNNING': 0}
+          for _, _, status in rows:
+            counts[status] = counts.get(status, 0) + 1
+
+          with open(out_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as out:
+            out.write('## Case Summary\n\n')
+            out.write(f"- Total: {len(rows)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- PASS: {counts.get('PASS', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- FAIL: {counts.get('FAIL', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- UNSUPPORTED: {counts.get('UNSUPPORTED', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write('\\n')
+            out.write('| Case | Name | Status |\\n')
+            out.write('| --- | --- | --- |\\n')
+            for case_id, name, status in rows:
+              out.write(f'| {case_id} | {name} | {status} |\\n')
+          PY
+          {
+            echo "# RustFS S3 compatibility test report"
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Run: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            echo "- Package: ${PACKAGE_SOURCE}"
+            echo "- RustFS Version: ${RUSTFS_VERSION_INFO}"
+            echo "- Test Step Outcome: ${{ steps.test.outcome }}"
+            echo ""
+            cat "${CASE_TABLE}" || true
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Log tail"
+            echo '```text'
+            tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" || true
+            echo '```'
+          } | tee "${REPORT_FILE}"
+          cat "${REPORT_FILE}" >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+
+      - name: Upload functional report to dashboard
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-s3-compat-report.md
+          SUITE: s3
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping dashboard upload"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="functional-reports/${SUITE}/${DATE}.md"
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()).decode())' "${REPORT_FILE}")"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          else
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.test.outcome == 'failure' || steps.test.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 's3'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'S3 compatibility'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          REPORT_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-s3-compat-report.md'
+          LOG_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-s3-compat.log'
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"
+
+      - name: Upload report and logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        with:
+          name: rustfs-s3-compat-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: |
+            /tmp/rustfs-s3-compat.log
+            /tmp/rustfs-s3-compat-report.md
+          if-no-files-found: warn
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (after)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: "Continue functional chain (next: KMS)"
+        # Only chain-triggered runs forward to the next suite; standalone
+        # workflow_dispatch runs stop after their own cleanup.
+        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot dispatch the next suite" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "Dispatching next functional suite: KMS"
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-kms' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=s3'
+
+      - name: Notify on failure
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          echo "RustFS S3 compatibility suite failed"
+          echo "See the uploaded report and log artifacts for details."
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+# Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: RustFS Security Test
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      rustfs_version:
+        description: 'RustFS release tag to test (e.g. 1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1)'
+        required: false
+        default: '1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1'
+      package_url:
+        description: 'Direct .deb URL (nightly/R2/dev). Overrides rustfs_version.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      topology:
+        description: 'Topology to run (all = SNSD, SNMD, MNMD)'
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - all
+          - single-single
+          - single-multi
+          - multi-multi
+        default: all
+      oidc_live:
+        description: 'Run the live Keycloak OIDC/SSO gate as part of the suite'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      cleanup_before:
+        description: 'Reset the nodes before the test (DESTROYS existing data/config)'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      cleanup_after:
+        description: 'Reset the nodes after the test (DESTROYS test data/config)'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Chain handoff: dispatched when the pool expansion suite finishes (last link).
+    types: [rustfs-chain-security]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+# The security suite uses the same shared VMs as the other functional tests,
+# so it must serialize with them instead of running in parallel.
+concurrency:
+  group: rustfs-shared-functional-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_NODES: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_NODES || vars.RUSTFS_NODES }}
+  RUSTFS_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SSH_USER || vars.RUSTFS_SSH_USER }}
+  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}
+  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+
+jobs:
+  security-test:
+    runs-on: smoke-testing
+    continue-on-error: true
+    timeout-minutes: 360
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+    steps:
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              echo "auto-testing cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Checkout repository (for the OIDC live gate script)
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Show environment
+        run: |
+          uname -a
+          jq --version
+          openssl version
+          aws --version || true
+          docker --version || true
+          df -h /data | tail -1
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (before)
+        if: ${{ inputs.cleanup_before != 'false' || github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: Run security suite
+        id: test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-security-report.md
+          RUSTFS_SECURITY_OIDC_LIVE_SCRIPT: ${{ github.workspace }}/scripts/test/oidc_keycloak_live.sh
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          chmod +x auto-testing/rustfs-security-test.sh
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          RUSTFS_VERSION='${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}'
+          TOPOLOGY='${{ inputs.topology }}'
+          ARGS=(-y)
+          if [ "${TOPOLOGY}" = "all" ] || [ -z "${TOPOLOGY}" ] || [ "${TOPOLOGY}" = "null" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--all-topologies)
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--topology "${TOPOLOGY}")
+          fi
+          if [ "${{ inputs.oidc_live }}" = "true" ] || [ "${{ github.event_name }}" != "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--oidc-live)
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${PACKAGE_URL}")
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ] && [ "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" != "null" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--version "${RUSTFS_VERSION}")
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}")
+          fi
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs-security-test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+
+      - name: Generate report
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ ! -f /tmp/rustfs-security-report.md ]; then
+            {
+              echo "# RustFS security test report"
+              echo ""
+              echo "- Run: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+              echo "- Trigger: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+              echo "- Test Step Outcome: failure (suite did not produce a report)"
+            } > /tmp/rustfs-security-report.md
+          fi
+          cat /tmp/rustfs-security-report.md >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+
+      - name: Upload functional report to dashboard
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-security-report.md
+          SUITE: security
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping dashboard upload"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="functional-reports/${SUITE}/${DATE}.md"
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()).decode())' "${REPORT_FILE}")"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          else
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.test.outcome == 'failure' || steps.test.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 'security'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'Security'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          REPORT_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-security-report.md'
+          LOG_FILE: ''
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"
+
+      - name: Upload report and logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        with:
+          name: rustfs-security-test-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: |
+            /tmp/rustfs-security-report.md
+            /tmp/rustfs-security.*/*
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 3
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (after)
+        if: ${{ always() && (inputs.cleanup_after != 'false' || github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch') }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: Notify on failure
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          echo "RustFS security test failed"
+          echo "Package source: ${{ inputs.package_url || 'nightly (R2 latest)' }}"
+          echo "See the uploaded report and logs for details."
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+name: RustFS Storage Engine Test
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      rustfs_version:
+        description: 'RustFS release tag to test (e.g. 1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1)'
+        required: false
+        default: '1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1'
+      package_url:
+        description: 'Direct .deb URL (nightly/R2/dev). Overrides rustfs_version.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      topology:
+        description: 'Topology to run (all = SNSD, SNMD, MNMD)'
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - all
+          - single-single
+          - single-multi
+          - multi-multi
+        default: all
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Chain handoff: dispatched when the tier suite finishes.
+    types: [rustfs-chain-storage]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: rustfs-shared-functional-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_NODES: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_NODES || vars.RUSTFS_NODES }}
+  RUSTFS_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SSH_USER || vars.RUSTFS_SSH_USER }}
+  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}
+  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+
+jobs:
+  storage-test:
+    runs-on: smoke-testing
+    continue-on-error: true
+    timeout-minutes: 360
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+    steps:
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              echo "auto-testing cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Show environment
+        run: |
+          uname -a
+          jq --version
+          openssl version
+          df -h /data | tail -1
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (before)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: Run storage engine suite
+        id: test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-storage.log
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          chmod +x auto-testing/rustfs-storage-test.sh
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          RUSTFS_VERSION='${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}'
+          TOPOLOGY='${{ inputs.topology }}'
+          ARGS=(-y --log-file "${LOG_FILE}")
+          if [ "${TOPOLOGY}" = "all" ] || [ -z "${TOPOLOGY}" ] || [ "${TOPOLOGY}" = "null" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--all-topologies)
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--topology "${TOPOLOGY}")
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${PACKAGE_URL}")
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--version "${RUSTFS_VERSION}")
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}")
+          fi
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs-storage-test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+
+      - name: Generate report
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-storage.log
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-storage-report.md
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PACKAGE_URL='${{ inputs.package_url }}'
+          RUSTFS_VERSION='${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}'
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${PACKAGE_URL}"
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="version ${RUSTFS_VERSION}"
+          else
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}"
+          fi
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          RUSTFS_VERSION_INFO="N/A"
+          if [ "${#NODES[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then
+            DETECTED_VERSION="$(ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new \
+              "${SSH_USER}@${NODES[0]}" 'rustfs --version' 2>/dev/null | tr -d '\r' | head -n 1 || true)"
+            if [ -n "${DETECTED_VERSION}" ]; then
+              RUSTFS_VERSION_INFO="${DETECTED_VERSION}"
+            fi
+          fi
+          CASE_TABLE="/tmp/rustfs-storage-cases.md"
+          python3 - "${LOG_FILE}" "${CASE_TABLE}" <<'PY'
+          import re
+          import sys
+
+          log_file, out_file = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+          ansi = re.compile(r'\x1b\[[0-9;]*m')
+          start_re = re.compile(r'^---\s+([A-Z0-9]+-[0-9]+)\s+(.+?)\s+---$')
+          done_re = re.compile(r'^\[(PASS|FAIL|UNSUPPORTED)\]\s+([A-Z0-9]+-[0-9]+)\b')
+
+          rows = []
+          index = {}
+          current = None
+          try:
+            with open(log_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8', errors='replace') as fh:
+              for raw in fh:
+                line = ansi.sub('', raw).strip()
+                m = start_re.match(line)
+                if m:
+                  case_id, name = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+                  current = case_id
+                  if case_id not in index:
+                    index[case_id] = len(rows)
+                    rows.append([case_id, name, 'RUNNING'])
+                  continue
+                m = done_re.match(line)
+                if m:
+                  status, case_id = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+                  if case_id in index:
+                    rows[index[case_id]][2] = status
+                  else:
+                    rows.append([case_id, case_id, status])
+                    index[case_id] = len(rows) - 1
+                  current = None
+          except FileNotFoundError:
+            rows = []
+
+          counts = {'PASS': 0, 'FAIL': 0, 'UNSUPPORTED': 0, 'RUNNING': 0}
+          for _, _, status in rows:
+            counts[status] = counts.get(status, 0) + 1
+
+          with open(out_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as out:
+            out.write('## Case Summary\n\n')
+            out.write(f"- Total: {len(rows)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- PASS: {counts.get('PASS', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- FAIL: {counts.get('FAIL', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- UNSUPPORTED: {counts.get('UNSUPPORTED', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write('\\n')
+            out.write('| Case | Name | Status |\\n')
+            out.write('| --- | --- | --- |\\n')
+            for case_id, name, status in rows:
+              out.write(f'| {case_id} | {name} | {status} |\\n')
+          PY
+          {
+            echo "# RustFS storage engine test report"
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Run: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            echo "- Package: ${PACKAGE_SOURCE}"
+            echo "- RustFS Version: ${RUSTFS_VERSION_INFO}"
+            echo "- Test Step Outcome: ${{ steps.test.outcome }}"
+            echo ""
+            cat "${CASE_TABLE}" || true
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Log tail"
+            echo '```text'
+            tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" || true
+            echo '```'
+          } | tee "${REPORT_FILE}"
+          cat "${REPORT_FILE}" >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+
+      - name: Upload functional report to dashboard
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-storage-report.md
+          SUITE: storage
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping dashboard upload"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="functional-reports/${SUITE}/${DATE}.md"
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()).decode())' "${REPORT_FILE}")"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          else
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.test.outcome == 'failure' || steps.test.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 'storage'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'Storage engine'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          REPORT_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-storage-report.md'
+          LOG_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-storage.log'
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"
+
+      - name: Upload report and logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        with:
+          name: rustfs-storage-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: |
+            /tmp/rustfs-storage.log
+            /tmp/rustfs-storage-report.md
+          if-no-files-found: warn
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (after)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: "Continue functional chain (next: Heal)"
+        # Only chain-triggered runs forward to the next suite; standalone
+        # workflow_dispatch runs stop after their own cleanup.
+        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot dispatch the next suite" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "Dispatching next functional suite: Heal"
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-heal' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=storage'
+
+      - name: Notify on failure
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          echo "RustFS storage engine suite failed"
+          echo "See the uploaded report and log artifacts for details."
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+name: RustFS Tier Test
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      rustfs_version:
+        description: 'RustFS release tag to test (e.g. 1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1)'
+        required: false
+        default: '1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1'
+      package_url:
+        description: 'Direct .deb URL (nightly/R2/dev). Overrides rustfs_version.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      package_sha256:
+        description: 'Optional SHA-256 for package_url; mismatch is an infrastructure failure.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      rc_sha256:
+        description: 'Optional SHA-256 for the preinstalled rc binary; mismatch is an infrastructure failure.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      force_case_failure:
+        description: 'Diagnostic only: rewrite single-single/TIER-101 to FAIL after execution to verify artifact and final-gate behavior.'
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Chain handoff: dispatched when the KMS suite finishes.
+    types: [rustfs-chain-tier]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: rustfs-shared-functional-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_NODES: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_NODES || vars.RUSTFS_NODES }}
+  RUSTFS_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SSH_USER || vars.RUSTFS_SSH_USER }}
+  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}
+  RUSTFS_EXPECTED_RC_SHA256: ${{ inputs.rc_sha256 || vars.RUSTFS_TIER_RC_SHA256 }}
+  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+  TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR: /tmp/rustfs-tier-artifacts-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
+
+jobs:
+  tier-test:
+    runs-on: smoke-testing
+    # Requirement: a failing suite must not fail the workflow; failures
+    # are filed to rustfs/backlog and the chain continues.
+    continue-on-error: true
+    timeout-minutes: 420
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Initialize run evidence directory
+        id: evidence
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          umask 077
+          if ! mkdir -- "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}"; then
+            echo "refusing to reuse tier evidence path: ${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          test -d "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}"
+          test ! -L "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}"
+
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          AUTO_TESTING_REF: cxymds/fix-2132-tier-log-isolation
+          AUTO_TESTING_COMMIT: 02da54dd62110649dc2860fc5fcd9e08d2e9a1ca
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- \
+              --branch "${AUTO_TESTING_REF}" --single-branch --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              actual_commit="$(git -C auto-testing rev-parse HEAD)"
+              if [[ "${actual_commit}" == "${AUTO_TESTING_COMMIT}" ]]; then
+                echo "auto-testing ${actual_commit} cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+                exit 0
+              fi
+              echo "auto-testing commit mismatch: expected ${AUTO_TESTING_COMMIT}, got ${actual_commit}" >&2
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Download exact rc candidate
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7
+        with:
+          repository: rustfs/rustfs-release-validation
+          run-id: '33465191972'
+          name: rc-under-test-33465191972-1
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/issue-2128-rc
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Verify exact rc candidate
+        env:
+          RC_BIN: ${{ runner.temp }}/issue-2128-rc/rc
+          RC_PROVENANCE: ${{ runner.temp }}/issue-2128-rc/rc-build.json
+          RC_EXPECTED_COMMIT: f6b9b509a60ef172a2b037d638c2cac46e762129
+          RC_EXPECTED_SHA256: 3d128d99f05403f4028c7c9ae24b03d66a3e98f2090e66cb7f9f45a9e11fdce1
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          test -s "${RC_BIN}"
+          test -s "${RC_PROVENANCE}"
+          jq -e \
+            --arg commit "${RC_EXPECTED_COMMIT}" \
+            --arg digest "${RC_EXPECTED_SHA256}" \
+            '.repository == "rustfs/cli"
+             and .requestedCommit == $commit
+             and .resolvedCommit == $commit
+             and .binarySha256 == $digest
+             and .target == "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"' \
+            "${RC_PROVENANCE}" >/dev/null
+          actual_sha256="$(sha256sum -- "${RC_BIN}" | awk '{print $1}')"
+          test "${actual_sha256}" = "${RC_EXPECTED_SHA256}"
+          chmod 0555 "${RC_BIN}"
+          "${RC_BIN}" --version
+
+      - name: Show environment
+        run: |
+          uname -a
+          jq --version
+          openssl version
+          df -h /data | tail -1
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (before)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          sudo docker rm -f rustfs-test-mqtt >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          sudo rm -f /tmp/rustfs-mosquitto.conf
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: Ensure MQTT broker + clients
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if ! command -v mosquitto_sub >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get install -y mosquitto-clients
+          fi
+          command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo 'docker not found on runner'; exit 1; }
+          sudo docker rm -f rustfs-test-mqtt >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          cat <<'EOF' | sudo tee /tmp/rustfs-mosquitto.conf >/dev/null
+          listener 1883 0.0.0.0
+          allow_anonymous true
+          EOF
+          sudo docker run -d --name rustfs-test-mqtt -p 1883:1883 \
+            -v /tmp/rustfs-mosquitto.conf:/mosquitto/config/mosquitto.conf:ro \
+            eclipse-mosquitto:2 >/dev/null
+          for _ in {1..10}; do
+            if ss -tln 2>/dev/null | grep -q ':1883'; then
+              break
+            fi
+            sleep 1
+          done
+          ss -tln 2>/dev/null | grep -q ':1883' || {
+            echo 'mosquitto container is not listening on 1883'
+            sudo docker logs rustfs-test-mqtt || true
+            exit 1
+          }
+
+      - name: Run tier suite
+        id: test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          PACKAGE_URL_INPUT: ${{ inputs.package_url }}
+          PACKAGE_SHA256_INPUT: ${{ inputs.package_sha256 }}
+          RUSTFS_VERSION_INPUT: ${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          LOG_FILE="${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/rustfs-tier.log"
+          chmod +x auto-testing/rustfs-tier-test.sh
+          RC_BIN="${RUNNER_TEMP}/issue-2128-rc/rc"
+          PACKAGE_URL="${PACKAGE_URL_INPUT}"
+          PACKAGE_SHA256="${PACKAGE_SHA256_INPUT}"
+          RUSTFS_VERSION="${RUSTFS_VERSION_INPUT}"
+          ARGS=(
+            --all-topologies
+            -y
+            --log-file "${LOG_FILE}"
+            --rc-bin "${RC_BIN}"
+            --artifacts-dir "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}"
+          )
+          if [ -n "${RUSTFS_EXPECTED_RC_SHA256}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--expected-rc-sha256 "${RUSTFS_EXPECTED_RC_SHA256}")
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_SHA256}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--sha256 "${PACKAGE_SHA256}")
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${PACKAGE_URL}")
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--version "${RUSTFS_VERSION}")
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--package-url "${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}")
+          fi
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs-tier-test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+
+      - name: Inject diagnostic case failure
+        if: ${{ always() && steps.evidence.outcome == 'success' && inputs.force_case_failure }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          RESULT_FILE="${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/cases/single-single--TIER-101.json"
+          test -s "${RESULT_FILE}"
+          TMP_FILE="$(mktemp "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/cases/.forced.XXXXXX")"
+          jq '.status = "FAIL" | .case_rc = 97' "${RESULT_FILE}" > "${TMP_FILE}"
+          mv "${TMP_FILE}" "${RESULT_FILE}"
+
+      - name: Generate report
+        if: ${{ always() && steps.evidence.outcome == 'success' }}
+        env:
+          PACKAGE_URL_INPUT: ${{ inputs.package_url }}
+          RUSTFS_VERSION_INPUT: ${{ inputs.rustfs_version }}
+          TEST_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.test.outcome }}
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          TRIGGER_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          test -d "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}"
+          test ! -L "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}"
+          LOG_FILE="${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/rustfs-tier.log"
+          REPORT_FILE="${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/rustfs-tier-report.md"
+          CASE_TABLE="${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/rustfs-tier-cases.md"
+          GATE_RC_FILE="${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/rustfs-tier-gate.rc"
+          PACKAGE_URL="${PACKAGE_URL_INPUT}"
+          RUSTFS_VERSION="${RUSTFS_VERSION_INPUT}"
+          if [ -n "${PACKAGE_URL}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${PACKAGE_URL}"
+          elif [ -n "${RUSTFS_VERSION}" ]; then
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="version ${RUSTFS_VERSION}"
+          else
+            PACKAGE_SOURCE="${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}"
+          fi
+          set +e
+          python3 auto-testing/rustfs_tier_report.py \
+            --results-dir "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/cases" \
+            --provenance "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/provenance.json" \
+            --output "${CASE_TABLE}"
+          CASE_GATE_RC=$?
+          set -e
+          printf '%s\n' "${CASE_GATE_RC}" > "${GATE_RC_FILE}"
+          if [ ! -s "${CASE_TABLE}" ]; then
+            {
+              echo "## Case Summary"
+              echo ""
+              echo "Structured report generation failed before producing output (exit ${CASE_GATE_RC})."
+            } > "${CASE_TABLE}"
+          fi
+          {
+            echo "# RustFS tier test report"
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${TRIGGER_NAME}"
+            echo "- Package: ${PACKAGE_SOURCE}"
+            echo "- Test Step Outcome: ${TEST_OUTCOME}"
+            echo "- Structured Gate Exit: ${CASE_GATE_RC}"
+            echo ""
+            cat "${CASE_TABLE}"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Log tail"
+            echo '```text'
+            tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" || true
+            echo '```'
+          } | tee "${REPORT_FILE}"
+          cat "${REPORT_FILE}" >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+
+      - name: Upload functional report to dashboard
+        if: ${{ always() && steps.evidence.outcome == 'success' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          REPORT_FILE: ${{ env.TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR }}/rustfs-tier-report.md
+          SUITE: tier
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping dashboard upload"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="functional-reports/${SUITE}/${DATE}.md"
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()).decode())' "${REPORT_FILE}")"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          else
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: Verify required tier evidence
+        id: evidence_verify
+        if: ${{ always() && steps.evidence.outcome == 'success' }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          failed=0
+          for name in \
+            rustfs-tier.log \
+            rustfs-tier-report.md \
+            rustfs-tier-cases.md \
+            rustfs-tier-gate.rc \
+            provenance.json; do
+            if [ ! -s "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/${name}" ]; then
+              echo "required tier evidence is missing or empty: ${name}" >&2
+              failed=1
+            fi
+          done
+          for name in cases logs; do
+            if [ ! -d "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/${name}" ]; then
+              echo "required tier evidence directory is missing: ${name}" >&2
+              failed=1
+            fi
+          done
+          if ! find "${TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR}/cases" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.json' -print -quit 2>/dev/null | grep -q .; then
+            echo "no atomic tier case result was produced" >&2
+            failed=1
+          fi
+          [ "${failed}" -eq 0 ]
+
+      - name: Upload report and logs
+        if: ${{ always() && steps.evidence.outcome == 'success' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        with:
+          name: rustfs-tier-test-${{ github.run_id }}-${{ github.run_attempt }}
+          path: ${{ env.TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR }}/
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (after)
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          sudo docker rm -f rustfs-test-mqtt >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          sudo rm -f /tmp/rustfs-mosquitto.conf
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: Enforce tier suite result
+        id: gate
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          EVIDENCE_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.evidence.outcome }}
+          TEST_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.test.outcome }}
+          GATE_RC_FILE: ${{ env.TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR }}/rustfs-tier-gate.rc
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          failed=0
+          if [ "${EVIDENCE_OUTCOME}" != "success" ]; then
+            echo "tier evidence directory initialization is ${EVIDENCE_OUTCOME}, expected success" >&2
+            failed=1
+          fi
+          if [ "${TEST_OUTCOME}" != "success" ]; then
+            echo "tier suite step outcome is ${TEST_OUTCOME}, expected success" >&2
+            failed=1
+          fi
+          if [ "${EVIDENCE_OUTCOME}" != "success" ]; then
+            echo "structured gate result is unavailable because evidence initialization failed" >&2
+          elif [ ! -s "${GATE_RC_FILE}" ]; then
+            echo "structured gate result is missing" >&2
+            failed=1
+          else
+            GATE_RC="$(tr -d '[:space:]' < "${GATE_RC_FILE}")"
+            if ! [[ "${GATE_RC}" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [ "${GATE_RC}" -ne 0 ]; then
+              echo "structured 56-case gate failed with exit ${GATE_RC:-invalid}" >&2
+              failed=1
+            fi
+          fi
+          [ "${failed}" -eq 0 ]
+
+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.test.outcome == 'failure' || steps.test.outcome == 'cancelled' || steps.evidence_verify.outcome == 'failure' || steps.evidence_verify.outcome == 'cancelled' || steps.gate.outcome == 'failure' || steps.gate.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 'tier'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'Tier'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          EVIDENCE_DIR: ${{ env.TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR }}
+          EVIDENCE_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.evidence.outcome }}
+          VERIFY_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.evidence_verify.outcome }}
+          GATE_OUTCOME: ${{ steps.gate.outcome }}
+          REPORT_FILE: ${{ env.TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR }}/rustfs-tier-report.md
+          LOG_FILE: ${{ env.TIER_ARTIFACTS_DIR }}/rustfs-tier.log
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo "- Evidence initialization: ${EVIDENCE_OUTCOME}"
+            echo "- Evidence verification: ${VERIFY_OUTCOME}"
+            echo "- Final gate: ${GATE_OUTCOME}"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ "${EVIDENCE_OUTCOME}" != "success" ]; then
+              echo "(the run evidence directory was rejected; its contents were not read)"
+            elif [ ! -d "${EVIDENCE_DIR}" ] || [ -L "${EVIDENCE_DIR}" ]; then
+              echo "(the run evidence directory is missing or unsafe; its contents were not read)"
+            elif [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"
+
+      - name: "Continue functional chain (next: Storage engine)"
+        # Only chain-triggered runs forward to the next suite; standalone
+        # workflow_dispatch runs stop after their own cleanup.
+        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot dispatch the next suite" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "Dispatching next functional suite: Storage engine"
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-storage' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=tier'
+
+      - name: Notify on failure
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          echo "RustFS tier suite failed"
+          echo "See the uploaded report and log artifacts for details."
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+# Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+name: RustFS Upgrade Test
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      from_version:
+        description: 'OLD RustFS release tag (e.g. 1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1)'
+        required: false
+        default: '1.0.0-rc.4-preview.1'
+      from_url:
+        description: 'OLD .deb URL. Overrides from_version.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      to_version:
+        description: 'NEW RustFS release tag (leave empty for latest nightly)'
+        required: false
+      to_url:
+        description: 'NEW .deb URL. Overrides to_version / nightly default.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      topology:
+        description: 'Topology to run (all = SNSD, SNMD, MNMD)'
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - all
+          - single-single
+          - single-multi
+          - multi-multi
+        default: all
+      backends:
+        description: 'KMS backends to run (local,vault-kv2)'
+        required: false
+        default: 'local,vault-kv2'
+      cleanup_before:
+        description: 'Reset the nodes before the test (DESTROYS existing data/config)'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      cleanup_after:
+        description: 'Reset the nodes after the test (DESTROYS test data/config)'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+  repository_dispatch:
+    # Functional-chain entry: dispatched by rustfs-functional-chain.yml.
+    types: [rustfs-chain-upgrade]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: rustfs-shared-functional-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: bash
+
+env:
+  RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY }}
+  RUSTFS_NODES: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_NODES || vars.RUSTFS_NODES }}
+  RUSTFS_SSH_USER: ${{ secrets.RUSTFS_SSH_USER || vars.RUSTFS_SSH_USER }}
+  RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL: ${{ vars.RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL || 'https://dl.rustfs.com/artifacts/rustfs/packages/nightly/rustfs-nightly-latest.deb' }}
+  PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+
+jobs:
+  upgrade-test:
+    runs-on: smoke-testing
+    continue-on-error: true
+    timeout-minutes: 420
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+    steps:
+      # auto-testing is private: clone it with the dedicated PF token (not
+      # GITHUB_TOKEN) and retry transient GitHub/network failures.
+      - name: Checkout auto-testing scripts (with retry)
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf auto-testing
+          for attempt in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+            if gh repo clone rustfs/auto-testing auto-testing -- --depth 1 --quiet; then
+              echo "auto-testing cloned (attempt ${attempt})"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            rm -rf auto-testing
+            echo "clone attempt ${attempt} failed; retrying in $((attempt * 15))s" >&2
+            sleep $((attempt * 15))
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: unable to clone rustfs/auto-testing after 5 attempts" >&2
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Show environment
+        run: |
+          uname -a
+          jq --version
+          openssl version
+          aws --version || true
+          docker --version || true
+          df -h /data | tail -1
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (before)
+        if: ${{ inputs.cleanup_before != 'false' || github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: Ensure docker (Vault container)
+        run: |
+          if ! command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get install -y docker.io
+          fi
+          sudo systemctl enable --now docker
+          docker info >/dev/null 2>&1 || sudo docker info >/dev/null 2>&1
+
+      - name: Run upgrade compatibility suite
+        id: test
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-upgrade.log
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          chmod +x auto-testing/rustfs-upgrade-test.sh
+          FROM_URL='${{ inputs.from_url }}'
+          FROM_VERSION='${{ inputs.from_version }}'
+          TO_URL='${{ inputs.to_url }}'
+          TO_VERSION='${{ inputs.to_version }}'
+          TOPOLOGY='${{ inputs.topology }}'
+          BACKENDS='${{ inputs.backends }}'
+          ARGS=(-y --log-file "${LOG_FILE}")
+          if [ "${TOPOLOGY}" = "all" ] || [ -z "${TOPOLOGY}" ] || [ "${TOPOLOGY}" = "null" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--all-topologies)
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--topology "${TOPOLOGY}")
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${BACKENDS}" ] && [ "${BACKENDS}" != "null" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--backends "${BACKENDS}")
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${FROM_URL}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--from-url "${FROM_URL}")
+          elif [ -n "${FROM_VERSION}" ] && [ "${FROM_VERSION}" != "null" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--from-version "${FROM_VERSION}")
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${TO_URL}" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--to-url "${TO_URL}")
+          elif [ -n "${TO_VERSION}" ] && [ "${TO_VERSION}" != "null" ]; then
+            ARGS+=(--to-version "${TO_VERSION}")
+          else
+            ARGS+=(--to-url "${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}")
+          fi
+          ./auto-testing/rustfs-upgrade-test.sh "${ARGS[@]}"
+
+      - name: Generate report
+        if: always()
+        env:
+          LOG_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-upgrade.log
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-upgrade-report.md
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          FROM_URL='${{ inputs.from_url }}'
+          FROM_VERSION='${{ inputs.from_version }}'
+          TO_URL='${{ inputs.to_url }}'
+          TO_VERSION='${{ inputs.to_version }}'
+          if [ -n "${FROM_URL}" ]; then
+            FROM_SOURCE="${FROM_URL}"
+          elif [ -n "${FROM_VERSION}" ]; then
+            FROM_SOURCE="version ${FROM_VERSION}"
+          else
+            FROM_SOURCE="release (default)"
+          fi
+          if [ -n "${TO_URL}" ]; then
+            TO_SOURCE="${TO_URL}"
+          elif [ -n "${TO_VERSION}" ]; then
+            TO_SOURCE="version ${TO_VERSION}"
+          else
+            TO_SOURCE="${RUSTFS_NIGHTLY_PACKAGE_URL}"
+          fi
+          CASE_TABLE="/tmp/rustfs-upgrade-cases.md"
+          python3 - "${LOG_FILE}" "${CASE_TABLE}" <<'PY'
+          import re
+          import sys
+
+          log_file, out_file = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+          ansi = re.compile(r'\x1b\[[0-9;]*m')
+          start_re = re.compile(r'^---\s+([A-Z]+-[0-9]+)\s+(.+?)\s+---$')
+          done_re = re.compile(r'^\[(PASS|FAIL|UNSUPPORTED)\]\s+([A-Z]+-[0-9]+)\b')
+
+          rows = []
+          index = {}
+          try:
+            with open(log_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8', errors='replace') as fh:
+              for raw in fh:
+                line = ansi.sub('', raw).strip()
+                m = start_re.match(line)
+                if m:
+                  case_id, name = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+                  if case_id not in index:
+                    index[case_id] = len(rows)
+                    rows.append([case_id, name, 'RUNNING'])
+                  continue
+                m = done_re.match(line)
+                if m:
+                  status, case_id = m.group(1), m.group(2)
+                  if case_id in index:
+                    rows[index[case_id]][2] = status
+                  else:
+                    rows.append([case_id, case_id, status])
+                    index[case_id] = len(rows) - 1
+          except FileNotFoundError:
+            rows = []
+
+          counts = {'PASS': 0, 'FAIL': 0, 'UNSUPPORTED': 0, 'RUNNING': 0}
+          for _, _, status in rows:
+            counts[status] = counts.get(status, 0) + 1
+
+          with open(out_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as out:
+            out.write('## Case Summary\n\n')
+            out.write(f"- Total: {len(rows)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- PASS: {counts.get('PASS', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- FAIL: {counts.get('FAIL', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write(f"- UNSUPPORTED: {counts.get('UNSUPPORTED', 0)}\\n")
+            out.write('\\n')
+            out.write('| Case | Name | Status |\\n')
+            out.write('| --- | --- | --- |\\n')
+            for case_id, name, status in rows:
+              out.write(f'| {case_id} | {name} | {status} |\\n')
+          PY
+          {
+            echo "# RustFS upgrade compatibility report"
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Run: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${{ github.event_name }}"
+            echo "- From: ${FROM_SOURCE}"
+            echo "- To: ${TO_SOURCE}"
+            echo "- Test Step Outcome: ${{ steps.test.outcome }}"
+            echo ""
+            cat "${CASE_TABLE}" || true
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Log tail"
+            echo '```text'
+            tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" || true
+            echo '```'
+          } | tee "${REPORT_FILE}"
+          cat "${REPORT_FILE}" >> "${GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY}"
+
+      - name: Upload functional report to dashboard
+        if: always()
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ env.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          REPORT_FILE: /tmp/rustfs-upgrade-report.md
+          SUITE: upgrade
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping dashboard upload"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          DATE="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+          REPORT_PATH="functional-reports/${SUITE}/${DATE}.md"
+          CONTENT="$(python3 -c 'import base64,sys;print(base64.b64encode(open(sys.argv[1],"rb").read()).decode())' "${REPORT_FILE}")"
+          SHA="$(gh api "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" -q '.sha' 2>/dev/null || true)"
+          if [ -n "${SHA}" ]; then
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" --arg sha "${SHA}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content, sha:$sha}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          else
+            jq -n --arg msg "report(${SUITE}): ${DATE}" --arg content "${CONTENT}" \
+              '{message:$msg, content:$content}' \
+              | gh api --method PUT "repos/rustfs/dashboard/contents/${REPORT_PATH}" --input - >/dev/null
+          fi
+
+      - name: File failure issue in rustfs/backlog
+        if: ${{ always() && (failure() || steps.test.outcome == 'failure' || steps.test.outcome == 'cancelled') }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+          SUITE: 'upgrade'
+          SUITE_LABEL: 'Upgrade compatibility'
+          RUN_URL: ${{ github.server_url }}/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          REPORT_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-upgrade-report.md'
+          LOG_FILE: '/tmp/rustfs-upgrade.log'
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; skipping backlog issue"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          TITLE="[functional][${SUITE}] ${SUITE_LABEL} suite failed (run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
+          EXISTING="$(gh issue list -R rustfs/backlog --state all \
+            --search "in:title \"run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}\"" \
+            --json number --jq '.[].number' || true)"
+          if [ -n "${EXISTING}" ]; then
+            echo "backlog issue already exists for run ${GITHUB_RUN_ID}; skipping"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+          redact() {
+            sed -E \
+              -e 's/(RUSTFS_(ACCESS_KEY|SECRET_KEY)[=: ]+)[^[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(Authorization:).*/\1 [REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/(X-Amz-Signature=)[^&[:space:]]+/\1[REDACTED]/Ig' \
+              -e 's/^.*(password|secret|token)[=: ].*/[REDACTED SENSITIVE LINE]/Ig'
+          }
+          BODY_FILE="$(mktemp)"
+          {
+            echo "The **${SUITE_LABEL}** functional suite failed."
+            echo ""
+            echo "- Suite: \`${SUITE}\`"
+            echo "- Run: ${RUN_URL}"
+            echo "- Trigger: ${GITHUB_EVENT_NAME}"
+            echo "- Date: $(date -u +%Y-%m-%d)"
+            echo ""
+            echo "## Report (errors and symptoms)"
+            echo ""
+            if [ -s "${REPORT_FILE}" ]; then
+              redact < "${REPORT_FILE}"
+            elif [ -s "${LOG_FILE:-}" ]; then
+              echo "(report file missing; log tail below)"
+              echo ""
+              tail -n 200 "${LOG_FILE}" | redact
+            else
+              echo "(no report or log file was produced)"
+            fi
+          } | head -c 55000 > "${BODY_FILE}"
+          gh label create functional-test -R rustfs/backlog --color d73a4a 2>/dev/null || true
+          if ! gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" \
+              --body-file "${BODY_FILE}" --label functional-test; then
+            gh issue create -R rustfs/backlog --title "${TITLE}" --body-file "${BODY_FILE}"
+          fi
+          echo "filed backlog issue for suite ${SUITE}"
+
+      - name: Upload report and logs
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6
+        with:
+          name: rustfs-upgrade-test-${{ github.run_id }}
+          path: |
+            /tmp/rustfs-upgrade-report.md
+            /tmp/rustfs-upgrade.*/*
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 3
+
+      - name: Cleanup environment (after)
+        if: ${{ always() && (inputs.cleanup_after != 'false' || github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch') }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          read -r -a NODES <<< "${RUSTFS_NODES:-vm000 vm001 vm002}"
+          SSH_USER="${RUSTFS_SSH_USER:-azureuser}"
+          for node in "${NODES[@]}"; do
+            ssh -o BatchMode=yes -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new "${SSH_USER}@${node}" '
+              set -euo pipefail
+              SUDO=""; [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ] && SUDO="sudo -n"
+              ${SUDO} systemctl stop rustfs 2>/dev/null || true
+              if ${SUDO} dpkg -l rustfs 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"; then
+                ${SUDO} dpkg -P rustfs
+              fi
+              for i in 1 2 3 4; do ${SUDO} rm -rf /data/rustfs${i}/mnmd; done
+              ${SUDO} rm -rf /var/log/rustfs /var/lib/rustfs/kms /var/lib/rustfs/kms-backup
+            '
+          done
+
+      - name: "Continue functional chain (next: S3 compatibility)"
+        # Only chain-triggered runs forward to the next suite; standalone
+        # workflow_dispatch runs stop after their own cleanup.
+        if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'repository_dispatch' }}
+        continue-on-error: true
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${GH_TOKEN:-}" ]; then
+            echo "PF_TESTING_GH_TOKEN is not configured; cannot dispatch the next suite" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "Dispatching next functional suite: S3 compatibility"
+          gh api --method POST repos/rustfs/rustfs/dispatches \
+            -f event_type='rustfs-chain-s3' \
+            -F 'client_payload[from_suite]=upgrade'
+
+      - name: Notify on failure
+        if: failure()
+        run: |
+          echo "RustFS upgrade compatibility test failed"
+          echo "From: ${{ inputs.from_url || inputs.from_version || 'release (default)' }}"
+          echo "To: ${{ inputs.to_url || inputs.to_version || 'nightly (R2 latest)' }}"
+          echo "See the uploaded report and logs for details."
@@ -31,8 +31,13 @@ This file contains repository-wide rules. Use the nearest subdirectory
 - An existing clean, isolated task worktree is sufficient. Create another
  worktree only when the current checkout is shared, dirty with unrelated work,
  or belongs to another task.
- Never commit from a shared checkout. Use an `overtrue/` feature branch unless
-  the user requests another name.
+- Never commit from a shared checkout.
+- Use a task-specific branch named `<type>/<topic>`, such as `fix/...`,
+  `feat/...`, `test/...`, or `docs/...`, unless the user specifies a name.
+- Do not include agent, tool, contributor, account, or organization names in
+  branch names.
+- Push to the user-requested remote or the repository's configured push remote.
+  Do not hard-code or infer a remote from an account name.
 - Check free space before artifact-heavy builds, tests, coverage, or downloads.
  Re-check before a broad gate when space is tight.
 - Remove only task-owned temporary/build artifacts. Never delete another task's
@@ -118,12 +123,13 @@ runtime/build output:
 - Use `make pre-commit` only when its repository-wide fast checks add confidence
  beyond the focused checks.

-### Broad or High-Risk Changes
+### Broad Cross-Module Changes

-After the required adversarial review, run `make pre-pr` when targeted coverage
-cannot bound the impact, including dependency/toolchain/build-matrix changes,
-unbounded cross-crate APIs, or locking, durability, erasure coding, replication,
-RPC, IAM/KMS/auth, cryptography, on-disk/on-wire, and S3-visible behavior.
+Do not run `make pre-pr` by default before opening a PR. Consider it only when
+the final diff is broad, spans multiple modules, and targeted checks cannot
+bound the impact. Decide dynamically from the affected boundaries and risks;
+otherwise use the scoped formatting, linting, compilation, and test checks
+above.

 `make pre-pr` includes `make pre-commit`; never run both for the same unchanged
 diff. Do not repeat a check already covered by a successful umbrella gate.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ cargo check -p <crate>               # fast type-check one crate
 cargo test -p <crate>                # test one crate
 cargo fmt --all                      # format (required before PR)
 make pre-commit                      # fast gate: fmt + arch checks + quick-check (NO clippy/tests)
-make pre-pr                          # full pre-PR gate: fmt + arch checks + clippy + tests
+make pre-pr                          # optional full gate for broad cross-module changes
 make build-docker BUILD_OS=ubuntu22.04
 ```

@@ -62,12 +62,20 @@ make test
 # Fast pre-commit gate — see below for exactly what it runs
 make pre-commit

-# Full pre-PR gate (pre-commit gates + clippy + tests)
+# Optional full gate for broad cross-module changes (pre-commit + clippy + tests)
 make pre-pr
 ```

 > `make test` requires [cargo-nextest](https://nexte.st) (CI runs it and only nextest honours `.config/nextest.toml` test-groups). Install it with `cargo install cargo-nextest --locked` or a prebuilt binary (see https://nexte.st/docs/installation/). To run the plain `cargo test` fallback anyway (results not authoritative — serialization semantics differ from CI), set `RUSTFS_ALLOW_CARGO_TEST_FALLBACK=1`.

+> Some guard checks are Python (`test-wiring-check` in `make pre-commit`, plus the
+> security-coverage and scheduled-validation self-tests in `make test`) and import
+> `tomllib`, so they need **Python 3.11+**. Make resolves the interpreter through
+> `scripts/python_bin.sh`, which prefers a `python3.11`+ on `PATH` and otherwise falls
+> back to `uv run --python 3.12`. macOS ships `/usr/bin/python3` at 3.9, so install a
+> newer one (`brew install python@3.12`) or [uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/); pin a
+> specific interpreter with `RUSTFS_PYTHON=/path/to/python3.12`.
+
 > For the full test-layer taxonomy (unit / ecstore black-box / e2e / s3s-e2e / S3 compatibility / chaos / fuzz / bench), each layer's entry command, the naming conventions the migration gate depends on, and the serial/nextest rules, see [docs/testing/README.md](docs/testing/README.md).

 > For the event, timeout, required-status, and local reproduction matrix, see [docs/testing/ci-gates.md](docs/testing/ci-gates.md).
@@ -88,14 +96,16 @@ make pre-pr
 8. `quick-check` — `cargo check --workspace --exclude e2e_test`

 **`make pre-commit` does NOT run clippy and does NOT run any tests.**
-A green `make pre-commit` is not enough to open a pull request.
+It does not replace the scoped Clippy and test checks applicable to a change.

 `make pre-pr` is the **full** gate: it runs all of the guard checks above,
 then `clippy-check` (`cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings`)
 and `test` (shell script tests, workspace tests excluding `e2e_test`, and doc
 tests). Complete the applicable multi-role adversarial review described in
-`AGENTS.md` before running `make pre-pr`; then run the gate before opening or
-updating a pull request. This is what CI enforces.
+`AGENTS.md` first. Do not run `make pre-pr` locally by default before opening or
+updating a pull request. Consider it only for a broad change that spans multiple
+modules and whose impact cannot be bounded by targeted checks; decide from the
+affected boundaries and risks. CI still runs its configured repository gates.

 ### 🔒 Git Pre-commit Hooks (optional)

@@ -114,8 +124,9 @@ Or manually:
 chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit
 ```

-With or without a hook, the expectation is the same: run `make pre-commit`
-before committing and `make pre-pr` before opening a pull request.
+With or without a hook, follow the verification tiers in `AGENTS.md`. Run the
+applicable scoped checks, and reserve `make pre-pr` for broad cross-module
+changes whose impact cannot be bounded by those checks.

 ### 📝 Formatting Configuration

@@ -154,7 +165,9 @@ Example output when formatting fails:
 3. **Run the fast gate**: `make pre-commit` (no clippy, no tests)
 4. **Commit your changes**: `git commit -m "your message"`
 5. **Complete the applicable multi-role adversarial review** for non-exempt changes (see `AGENTS.md`)
-6. **Run the full gate before opening/updating a PR**: `make pre-pr` (clippy + tests)
+6. **Run applicable scoped checks before opening/updating a PR**; consider
+   `make pre-pr` only for broad cross-module changes whose impact cannot be
+   bounded by targeted checks
 7. **Push to your branch**: `git push`

 ### 🛠️ IDE Integration
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ members = [
    "crates/heal-contracts", # Heal request/response channel contracts
    "crates/iam", # Identity and Access Management
    "crates/keystone", # OpenStack Keystone integration
+    "crates/license", # License and entitlement provider contracts
    "crates/lifecycle", # Lifecycle rule evaluation contracts
    "crates/kms", # Key Management Service
    "crates/lock", # Distributed locking implementation
@@ -71,8 +72,8 @@ resolver = "3"
 edition = "2024"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 repository = "https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs"
-rust-version = "1.97.1"
-version = "1.0.0-rc.4"
+rust-version = "1.98.0"
+version = "1.0.0-rc.5"
 homepage = "https://rustfs.com"
 description = "RustFS is a high-performance distributed object storage software built using Rust, one of the most popular languages worldwide. "
 keywords = ["RustFS", "Minio", "object-storage", "filesystem", "s3"]
@@ -89,60 +90,61 @@ redundant_clone = "warn"

 [workspace.dependencies]
 # RustFS Internal Crates
-rustfs = { path = "./rustfs", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-heal = { path = "crates/heal", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-heal-contracts = { path = "crates/heal-contracts", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-scanner-contracts = { path = "crates/scanner-contracts", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-audit = { path = "crates/audit", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-checksums = { path = "crates/checksums", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-common = { path = "crates/common", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-data-usage = { path = "crates/data-usage", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-config = { path = "./crates/config", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-concurrency = { path = "./crates/concurrency", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-credentials = { path = "crates/credentials", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-crypto = { path = "crates/crypto", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-ecstore = { path = "crates/ecstore", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-filemeta = { path = "crates/filemeta", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-iam = { path = "crates/iam", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-keystone = { path = "crates/keystone", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-lifecycle = { path = "crates/lifecycle", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-kms = { path = "crates/kms", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-lock = { path = "crates/lock", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-madmin = { path = "crates/madmin", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-notify = { path = "crates/notify", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-io-metrics = { path = "crates/io-metrics", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-io-core = { path = "crates/io-core", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-object-capacity = { path = "crates/object-capacity", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-object-data-cache = { path = "crates/object-data-cache", version = "1.0.0-rc.4", default-features = false }
-rustfs-log-analyzer = { path = "crates/log-analyzer", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-obs = { path = "crates/obs", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-policy = { path = "crates/policy", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-protos = { path = "crates/protos", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-protocols = { path = "crates/protocols", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-replication = { path = "crates/replication", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-rio = { path = "crates/rio", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-rio-v2 = { path = "crates/rio-v2", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-s3-client = { path = "crates/s3-client", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-s3-types = { path = "crates/s3-types", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-s3-ops = { path = "crates/s3-ops", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-s3select-api = { path = "crates/s3select-api", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-s3select-query = { path = "crates/s3select-query", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-scanner = { path = "crates/scanner", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-security-governance = { path = "crates/security-governance", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-extension-schema = { path = "crates/extension-schema", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-signer = { path = "crates/signer", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-storage-api = { path = "crates/storage-api", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-trusted-proxies = { path = "crates/trusted-proxies", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-targets = { path = "crates/targets", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-test-utils = { path = "crates/test-utils", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-tls-runtime = { path = "crates/tls-runtime", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-utils = { path = "crates/utils", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
-rustfs-zip = { path = "./crates/zip", version = "1.0.0-rc.4" }
+rustfs = { path = "./rustfs", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-heal = { path = "crates/heal", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-heal-contracts = { path = "crates/heal-contracts", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-scanner-contracts = { path = "crates/scanner-contracts", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-audit = { path = "crates/audit", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-checksums = { path = "crates/checksums", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-common = { path = "crates/common", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-data-usage = { path = "crates/data-usage", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-config = { path = "./crates/config", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-concurrency = { path = "./crates/concurrency", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-credentials = { path = "crates/credentials", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-crypto = { path = "crates/crypto", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-ecstore = { path = "crates/ecstore", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-filemeta = { path = "crates/filemeta", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-iam = { path = "crates/iam", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-keystone = { path = "crates/keystone", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-license = { path = "crates/license", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-lifecycle = { path = "crates/lifecycle", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-kms = { path = "crates/kms", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-lock = { path = "crates/lock", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-madmin = { path = "crates/madmin", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-notify = { path = "crates/notify", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-io-metrics = { path = "crates/io-metrics", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-io-core = { path = "crates/io-core", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-object-capacity = { path = "crates/object-capacity", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-object-data-cache = { path = "crates/object-data-cache", version = "1.0.0-rc.5", default-features = false }
+rustfs-log-analyzer = { path = "crates/log-analyzer", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-obs = { path = "crates/obs", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-policy = { path = "crates/policy", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-protos = { path = "crates/protos", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-protocols = { path = "crates/protocols", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-replication = { path = "crates/replication", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-rio = { path = "crates/rio", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-rio-v2 = { path = "crates/rio-v2", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-s3-client = { path = "crates/s3-client", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-s3-types = { path = "crates/s3-types", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-s3-ops = { path = "crates/s3-ops", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-s3select-api = { path = "crates/s3select-api", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-s3select-query = { path = "crates/s3select-query", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-scanner = { path = "crates/scanner", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-security-governance = { path = "crates/security-governance", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-extension-schema = { path = "crates/extension-schema", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-signer = { path = "crates/signer", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-storage-api = { path = "crates/storage-api", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-trusted-proxies = { path = "crates/trusted-proxies", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-targets = { path = "crates/targets", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-test-utils = { path = "crates/test-utils", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-tls-runtime = { path = "crates/tls-runtime", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-utils = { path = "crates/utils", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }
+rustfs-zip = { path = "./crates/zip", version = "1.0.0-rc.5" }

 # Async Runtime and Networking
 async-channel = "2.5.0"
 async_zip = { default-features = false, version = "0.0.19" }
-mysql_async = { default-features = false, version = "0.37" }
+mysql_async = { default-features = false, version = "0.37.1" }
 async-compression = { version = "0.4.43" }
 async-recursion = "1.1.1"
 async-trait = "0.1.92"
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ futures-util = "0.3.34"
 pollster = "1.0.1"
 pulsar = { default-features = false, version = "6.9.0" }
 lapin = { default-features = false, version = "4.10.0" }
-hyper = { version = "1.11.0" }
+hyper = { version = "1.11.1" }
 hyper-rustls = { default-features = false, version = "0.27.9" }
 hyper-util = { version = "0.1.20" }
 http = "1.5.0"
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ tonic = { version = "0.14.6" }
 tonic-prost = { version = "0.14.6" }
 tonic-prost-build = { version = "0.14.6" }
 tower = { version = "0.5.3" }
-tower-http = { version = "0.7.0" }
+tower-http = { version = "0.7.1" }

 # Serialization and Data Formats
 apache-avro = { version = "0.22.0", features = ["snappy", "zstandard"] }
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ serde_urlencoded = "0.7.1"
 # have incompatible APIs. Keep them exact-pinned and monitor upstream for stable
 # releases.
 aes-gcm = { version = "=0.11.1" }
-argon2 = { version = "=0.6.0-rc.8" }
+argon2 = { version = "=0.6.0" }
 blake2 = "=0.11.0"
 chacha20poly1305 = { version = "=0.11.0" }
 crc-fast = "1.10.0"
@@ -232,7 +234,8 @@ tokio-postgres-rustls = "0.14.0"
 # Utilities and Tools
 anyhow = "1.0.104"
 arc-swap = "1.9.2"
-astral-tokio-tar = "0.6.4"
+# RUSTFS_COMPAT_TODO(tokio-tar-extension-limits): keep the fork pin until every parser hardening used by Snowball is released upstream. Remove after astral-sh/tokio-tar#118 is merged and a published release includes extension, physical-entry, and sparse limits, cancellation-safe sparse parsing, and error-fused entry streams.
+astral-tokio-tar = { git = "https://github.com/cxymds/tokio-tar.git", rev = "603756478b7668436e464519c77ccac22a99ba96" }
 atoi = "3.1.0"
 atomic_enum = "0.3.0"
 aws-config = { version = "1.11.0" }
@@ -247,7 +250,7 @@ base64-simd = "0.8.0"
 brotli = "8.0.4"
 clap = { version = "4.6.6" }
 const-str = { version = "1.1.0" }
-convert_case = "0.11.0"
+convert_case = "0.12.0"
 criterion = { version = "0.8" }
 crossbeam-queue = "0.3.13"
 crossbeam-channel = "0.5.16"
@@ -257,7 +260,7 @@ datafusion = { default-features = false, version = "55.0.0" }
 derive_builder = "0.20.2"
 enumset = "1.1.14"
 faster-hex = "0.10.0"
-flate2 = "1.1.9"
+flate2 = "1.1.10"
 glob = "0.3.4"
 google-cloud-storage = "1.18.0"
 google-cloud-auth = "1.16.0"
@@ -282,7 +285,7 @@ mime_guess = "2.0.5"
 moka = { version = "0.12.16" }
 netif = "0.1.6"
 num_cpus = { version = "1.17.0" }
-nvml-wrapper = "0.12.1"
+nvml-wrapper = "0.13.0"
 parking_lot = "0.12.5"
 path-absolutize = "4.0.1"
 percent-encoding = "2.3.2"
@@ -304,7 +307,7 @@ rustify = { version = "0.7", default-features = false }
 rustix = { version = "1.1.4" }
 rust-embed = { version = "8.12.0" }
 rustc-hash = { version = "2.1.3" }
-s3s = { git = "https://github.com/rustfs/s3s.git", rev = "0f6f83d98b37fd9edcaa3be573db4aa8f568e088", version = "0.15.0", features = ["minio"] }
+s3s = { git = "https://github.com/rustfs/s3s.git", rev = "28e9ebb23dd2fb7d667084f34121b4aa4807a5c6", version = "0.15.0", features = ["minio"] }
 serial_test = "4.0.1"
 shadow-rs = { default-features = false, version = "2.0.0" }
 siphasher = "1.0.3"
@@ -354,8 +357,8 @@ pyroscope = { version = "2.1.1" }
 # FTP and SFTP
 libunftp = { version = "0.23.0" }
 unftp-core = "0.1.0"
-suppaftp = { version = "10.0.2" }
-rcgen = { version = "0.14.9", default-features = false, features = ["aws_lc_rs", "crypto", "pem"] }
+suppaftp = { version = "11.0.0" }
+rcgen = { version = "0.14.10", default-features = false, features = ["aws_lc_rs", "crypto", "pem"] }
 russh = { version = "0.63.1" }
 russh-sftp = "2.4.0"

@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ SHELL := $(shell which bash)
 .SHELLFLAGS = -eu -o pipefail -c

 DOCKER_CLI ?= docker
+# Python interpreter for the repository's helper scripts. They import tomllib
+# (Python 3.11+), while macOS still ships /usr/bin/python3 at 3.9, so calls go
+# through a resolver that picks a new-enough interpreter (or falls back to uv).
+# Override with RUSTFS_PYTHON=/path/to/python3.12, or replace the resolver via
+# RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN=<command>.
+RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN ?= ./scripts/python_bin.sh
 IMAGE_NAME ?= rustfs:v1.0.0
 CONTAINER_NAME ?= rustfs-dev
 # Docker build configurations
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 </p>

 <p align="center">
-  <a href="https://docs.rustfs.com/installation/">Getting Started</a>
+  <a href="https://docs.rustfs.com/en/installation">Getting Started</a>
  · <a href="https://docs.rustfs.com/">Docs</a>
  · <a href="https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/issues">Bug reports</a>
  · <a href="https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/discussions">Discussions</a>
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ chown -R 10001:10001 data logs
 docker run -d -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 -v $(pwd)/data:/data -v $(pwd)/logs:/logs rustfs/rustfs:latest

 # Using specific version
-docker run -d -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 -v $(pwd)/data:/data -v $(pwd)/logs:/logs rustfs/rustfs:1.0.0-rc.4
+docker run -d -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 -v $(pwd)/data:/data -v $(pwd)/logs:/logs rustfs/rustfs:1.0.0-rc.5
 ```

 If you use [podman](https://github.com/containers/podman) instead of docker, you can install the RustFS with the below command
@@ -245,6 +245,26 @@ nix build
 nix run
 ```

+The flake also exports a NixOS module and the RustFS `rc` client. Add the
+module to your system and provide credentials through runtime files (for
+example, sops-nix or agenix) so secrets are never stored in the Nix store:
+
+```nix
+imports = [ inputs.rustfs.nixosModules.rustfs ];
+
+services.rustfs = {
+  enable = true;
+  accessKeyFile = "/run/secrets/rustfs-access-key";
+  secretKeyFile = "/run/secrets/rustfs-secret-key";
+  volumes = [ "/var/lib/rustfs" ];
+};
+```
+
+Install the S3-compatible client with
+`nix profile install github:rustfs/rustfs#rustfs-client` (the executable is named
+`rc`), or use `inputs.rustfs.packages.${pkgs.system}.rustfs-client` in a system
+configuration.
+
 ### 6\. X-CMD (Option 6)

 If you are an [x-cmd](https://www.x-cmd.com/install/rustfs) user:
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 </p>

 <p align="center">
-  <a href="https://docs.rustfs.com/installation/">快速开始</a>
+  <a href="https://docs.rustfs.com/zh/installation">快速开始</a>
  · <a href="https://docs.rustfs.com/">文档</a>
  · <a href="https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/issues">报告 Bug</a>
  · <a href="https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/discussions">社区讨论</a>
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ chown -R 10001:10001 data logs
 docker run -d -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 -v $(pwd)/data:/data -v $(pwd)/logs:/logs rustfs/rustfs:latest

 # 使用指定版本运行
-docker run -d -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 -v $(pwd)/data:/data -v $(pwd)/logs:/logs rustfs/rustfs:1.0.0-rc.4
+docker run -d -p 9000:9000 -p 9001:9001 -v $(pwd)/data:/data -v $(pwd)/logs:/logs rustfs/rustfs:1.0.0-rc.5
 ```

 如果您通过绑定挂载启用 TLS 证书目录，也请用同样方式准备该目录：
@@ -191,6 +191,12 @@ nix build
 nix run
 ```

+该 Flake 同时提供 NixOS 模块和 RustFS `rc` 客户端。将
+`inputs.rustfs.nixosModules.rustfs` 加入 `imports`，并通过运行时密钥文件
+（例如 sops-nix 或 agenix）配置 `accessKeyFile` 与 `secretKeyFile`，避免密钥
+进入 Nix store。客户端包为
+`inputs.rustfs.packages.${pkgs.system}.rustfs-client`，安装后的命令名为 `rc`。
+
 ### 6\. X-CMD (Option 6)

 如果你是 [x-cmd](https://www.x-cmd.com/install/rustfs) 用户：
@@ -178,6 +178,76 @@ pub trait WorkloadAdmissionSnapshotProvider {
    fn workload_admission_snapshot(&self) -> WorkloadAdmissionRegistrySnapshot;
 }

+/// Foreground workload pressure observed against a configured utilization threshold.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ForegroundPressure {
+    /// Foreground workload class whose utilization reached its threshold.
+    pub class: WorkloadClass,
+    /// Observed utilization percentage for the class.
+    pub usage_pct: usize,
+    /// Configured threshold percentage that the observed utilization reached.
+    pub threshold_pct: usize,
+}
+
+impl ForegroundPressure {
+    /// Return a stable reason label for logs and metrics.
+    pub const fn reason(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self.class {
+            WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead => "foreground_read_pressure",
+            WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite => "foreground_write_pressure",
+            _ => "foreground_pressure",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Return the strongest foreground pressure in `snapshot`, if any.
+///
+/// A zero threshold disables its class. `Saturated` counts as full utilization
+/// regardless of the reported limit; otherwise a class contributes only when it
+/// reports a non-zero limit, with a missing active count read as zero. When both
+/// classes are above their threshold the higher utilization wins.
+///
+/// Callers own the enable switch: this function evaluates thresholds only.
+pub fn foreground_pressure(
+    snapshot: &WorkloadAdmissionRegistrySnapshot,
+    read_threshold_pct: usize,
+    write_threshold_pct: usize,
+) -> Option<ForegroundPressure> {
+    [
+        (WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead, read_threshold_pct),
+        (WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite, write_threshold_pct),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .filter_map(|(class, threshold_pct)| {
+        if threshold_pct == 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let entry = snapshot.get(class)?;
+        let usage_pct = if matches!(entry.state, AdmissionState::Saturated) {
+            100
+        } else {
+            let limit = entry.limit?;
+            if limit == 0 {
+                return None;
+            }
+            entry
+                .active
+                .unwrap_or(0)
+                .saturating_mul(100)
+                .checked_div(limit)
+                .unwrap_or(100)
+        };
+
+        (usage_pct >= threshold_pct).then_some(ForegroundPressure {
+            class,
+            usage_pct,
+            threshold_pct,
+        })
+    })
+    .max_by_key(|pressure| pressure.usage_pct)
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
@@ -314,4 +384,205 @@ mod tests {

        assert!(err.to_string().contains("unexpected"));
    }
+
+    fn counted(
+        class: WorkloadClass,
+        state: AdmissionState,
+        active: Option<usize>,
+        limit: Option<usize>,
+    ) -> WorkloadAdmissionSnapshot {
+        WorkloadAdmissionSnapshot::new(class, state).with_counts(active, None, limit)
+    }
+
+    fn registry(entries: Vec<WorkloadAdmissionSnapshot>) -> WorkloadAdmissionRegistrySnapshot {
+        WorkloadAdmissionRegistrySnapshot::new(entries)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_reason_labels_cover_non_foreground_classes() {
+        let read = ForegroundPressure {
+            class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead,
+            usage_pct: 90,
+            threshold_pct: 80,
+        };
+        let write = ForegroundPressure {
+            class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite,
+            usage_pct: 90,
+            threshold_pct: 80,
+        };
+        let repair = ForegroundPressure {
+            class: WorkloadClass::Repair,
+            usage_pct: 90,
+            threshold_pct: 80,
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!(read.reason(), "foreground_read_pressure");
+        assert_eq!(write.reason(), "foreground_write_pressure");
+        assert_eq!(repair.reason(), "foreground_pressure");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_is_disabled_when_both_thresholds_are_zero() {
+        let snapshot = registry(vec![
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead, AdmissionState::Saturated, Some(8), Some(8)),
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite, AdmissionState::Saturated, Some(8), Some(8)),
+        ]);
+
+        assert_eq!(foreground_pressure(&snapshot, 0, 0), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_skips_only_the_class_whose_threshold_is_zero() {
+        let snapshot = registry(vec![
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead, AdmissionState::Open, Some(10), Some(10)),
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite, AdmissionState::Open, Some(9), Some(10)),
+        ]);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            foreground_pressure(&snapshot, 0, 80),
+            Some(ForegroundPressure {
+                class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite,
+                usage_pct: 90,
+                threshold_pct: 80,
+            })
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            foreground_pressure(&snapshot, 80, 0),
+            Some(ForegroundPressure {
+                class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead,
+                usage_pct: 100,
+                threshold_pct: 80,
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_ignores_missing_entries() {
+        let snapshot = registry(vec![counted(WorkloadClass::Scanner, AdmissionState::Saturated, Some(8), Some(8))]);
+
+        assert_eq!(foreground_pressure(&snapshot, 1, 1), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_ignores_missing_and_zero_limits() {
+        let missing_limit = registry(vec![counted(
+            WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead,
+            AdmissionState::Throttled,
+            Some(8),
+            None,
+        )]);
+        let zero_limit = registry(vec![counted(
+            WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite,
+            AdmissionState::Throttled,
+            Some(8),
+            Some(0),
+        )]);
+
+        assert_eq!(foreground_pressure(&missing_limit, 1, 1), None);
+        assert_eq!(foreground_pressure(&zero_limit, 1, 1), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_treats_saturated_as_full_without_reading_limit() {
+        let snapshot = registry(vec![
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead, AdmissionState::Saturated, None, None),
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite, AdmissionState::Saturated, Some(0), Some(0)),
+        ]);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            foreground_pressure(&snapshot, 100, 0),
+            Some(ForegroundPressure {
+                class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead,
+                usage_pct: 100,
+                threshold_pct: 100,
+            })
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            foreground_pressure(&snapshot, 0, 100),
+            Some(ForegroundPressure {
+                class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite,
+                usage_pct: 100,
+                threshold_pct: 100,
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_reads_missing_active_as_zero() {
+        let snapshot = registry(vec![counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead, AdmissionState::Open, None, Some(8))]);
+
+        assert_eq!(foreground_pressure(&snapshot, 1, 1), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_returns_the_higher_utilization_when_both_classes_exceed() {
+        let read_higher = registry(vec![
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead, AdmissionState::Open, Some(19), Some(20)),
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite, AdmissionState::Open, Some(17), Some(20)),
+        ]);
+        let write_higher = registry(vec![
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead, AdmissionState::Open, Some(17), Some(20)),
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite, AdmissionState::Open, Some(19), Some(20)),
+        ]);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            foreground_pressure(&read_higher, 80, 80),
+            Some(ForegroundPressure {
+                class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead,
+                usage_pct: 95,
+                threshold_pct: 80,
+            })
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            foreground_pressure(&write_higher, 80, 80),
+            Some(ForegroundPressure {
+                class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite,
+                usage_pct: 95,
+                threshold_pct: 80,
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_breaks_utilization_ties_toward_the_write_class() {
+        let snapshot = registry(vec![
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead, AdmissionState::Open, Some(18), Some(20)),
+            counted(WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite, AdmissionState::Open, Some(18), Some(20)),
+        ]);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            foreground_pressure(&snapshot, 80, 80),
+            Some(ForegroundPressure {
+                class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundWrite,
+                usage_pct: 90,
+                threshold_pct: 80,
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn foreground_pressure_triggers_exactly_at_the_threshold_and_not_below() {
+        let at_threshold = registry(vec![counted(
+            WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead,
+            AdmissionState::Open,
+            Some(8),
+            Some(10),
+        )]);
+        let below_threshold = registry(vec![counted(
+            WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead,
+            AdmissionState::Open,
+            Some(7),
+            Some(10),
+        )]);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            foreground_pressure(&at_threshold, 80, 80),
+            Some(ForegroundPressure {
+                class: WorkloadClass::ForegroundRead,
+                usage_pct: 80,
+                threshold_pct: 80,
+            })
+        );
+        assert_eq!(foreground_pressure(&below_threshold, 80, 80), None);
+    }
 }
@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ pub const ENV_CAPACITY_MAX_TIMEOUT: &str = "RUSTFS_CAPACITY_MAX_TIMEOUT";
 // ============================================================================

 /// Scheduled update interval in seconds
-/// Default: 120 seconds (2 minutes)
-pub const DEFAULT_SCHEDULED_UPDATE_INTERVAL_SECS: u64 = 120;
+/// Default: 600 seconds (10 minutes)
+pub const DEFAULT_SCHEDULED_UPDATE_INTERVAL_SECS: u64 = 600;

 /// Write trigger delay in seconds
-/// Default: 5 seconds
-pub const DEFAULT_WRITE_TRIGGER_DELAY_SECS: u64 = 5;
+/// Default: 30 seconds
+pub const DEFAULT_WRITE_TRIGGER_DELAY_SECS: u64 = 30;

 /// Write frequency threshold (writes per minute)
-/// Default: 5 writes/minute
-pub const DEFAULT_WRITE_FREQUENCY_THRESHOLD: usize = 5;
+/// Default: 20 writes/minute
+pub const DEFAULT_WRITE_FREQUENCY_THRESHOLD: usize = 20;

 /// Fast update threshold in seconds
-/// Default: 30 seconds
-pub const DEFAULT_FAST_UPDATE_THRESHOLD_SECS: u64 = 30;
+/// Default: 120 seconds
+pub const DEFAULT_FAST_UPDATE_THRESHOLD_SECS: u64 = 120;

 /// Maximum files threshold for sampling
 /// Default: 200,000 files
@@ -129,4 +129,16 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(ENV_CAPACITY_MIN_TIMEOUT, "RUSTFS_CAPACITY_MIN_TIMEOUT");
        assert_eq!(ENV_CAPACITY_MAX_TIMEOUT, "RUSTFS_CAPACITY_MAX_TIMEOUT");
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_capacity_default_values() {
+        assert_eq!(DEFAULT_SCHEDULED_UPDATE_INTERVAL_SECS, 600);
+        assert_eq!(DEFAULT_WRITE_TRIGGER_DELAY_SECS, 30);
+        assert_eq!(DEFAULT_WRITE_FREQUENCY_THRESHOLD, 20);
+        assert_eq!(DEFAULT_FAST_UPDATE_THRESHOLD_SECS, 120);
+        assert_eq!(DEFAULT_MAX_FILES_THRESHOLD, 200_000);
+        assert_eq!(DEFAULT_STAT_TIMEOUT_SECS, 3);
+        assert_eq!(DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE, 200);
+        assert_eq!(DEFAULT_CAPACITY_METRICS_INTERVAL_SECS, 600);
+    }
 }
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ const _: () = assert!(!DEFAULT_PUT_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_ENABLE);
 pub const ENV_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_ENABLE: &str = "RUSTFS_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_ENABLE";
 pub const DEFAULT_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_ENABLE: bool = true;

-/// Maximum large foreground PutObject requests admitted concurrently per process.
+/// Maximum automatic foreground write requests admitted concurrently per process.
 ///
 /// `0` derives a conservative default from the local disk-read scheduler cap,
 /// currently clamped to protect the commit path without making ordinary high
@@ -305,14 +305,24 @@ pub const DEFAULT_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_ENABLE: bool = true;
 pub const ENV_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_LIMIT: &str = "RUSTFS_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_LIMIT";
 pub const DEFAULT_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_LIMIT: usize = 0;

-/// Minimum object size that enters automatic large PutObject admission.
+/// Minimum direct PutObject size that enters automatic foreground write admission.
 ///
 /// Requests with an unknown size are treated as large because the write pressure
 /// cannot be bounded from headers.
 pub const ENV_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_MIN_SIZE_BYTES: &str = "RUSTFS_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_MIN_SIZE_BYTES";
 pub const DEFAULT_PUT_LARGE_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_MIN_SIZE_BYTES: usize = 32 * 1024 * 1024;

-/// Time in milliseconds a large foreground PutObject waits for a permit.
+/// Minimum UploadPart size that enters automatic foreground write admission.
+///
+/// Multipart pressure is often many moderate-sized parts rather than one very
+/// large request. The default gates every multipart part through the same permit
+/// pool as large/unknown-size PutObject while keeping small direct PUTs on the
+/// legacy path.
+pub const ENV_PUT_MULTIPART_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_MIN_SIZE_BYTES: &str =
+    "RUSTFS_PUT_MULTIPART_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_MIN_SIZE_BYTES";
+pub const DEFAULT_PUT_MULTIPART_FOREGROUND_ADMISSION_MIN_SIZE_BYTES: usize = 0;
+
+/// Time in milliseconds an automatic foreground write waits for a permit.
 ///
 /// A short wait smooths transient bursts while still returning S3
 /// `SlowDown`/503 before body ingest when the node is already saturated.
@@ -198,11 +198,11 @@ pub const ENV_SCANNER_IDLE_MODE: &str = "RUSTFS_SCANNER_IDLE_MODE";
 /// Environment variable that controls scanner cache save timeout in seconds.
 /// The scanner enforces a minimum value of `1`.
 /// - Unit: seconds (u64).
-/// - Example: `export RUSTFS_SCANNER_CACHE_SAVE_TIMEOUT_SECS=30`
+/// - Example: `export RUSTFS_SCANNER_CACHE_SAVE_TIMEOUT_SECS=14`
 pub const ENV_SCANNER_CACHE_SAVE_TIMEOUT_SECS: &str = "RUSTFS_SCANNER_CACHE_SAVE_TIMEOUT_SECS";

 /// Default scanner cache save timeout in seconds.
-pub const DEFAULT_SCANNER_CACHE_SAVE_TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 30;
+pub const DEFAULT_SCANNER_CACHE_SAVE_TIMEOUT_SECS: u64 = 14;

 /// Environment variable that caps concurrent scanner set tasks.
 /// A value of `0` keeps the existing topology-based concurrency.
@@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ aws-sdk-s3 = { workspace = true, default-features = false, features = ["sigv4a",
 aws-sdk-sts = { workspace = true, default-features = false, features = ["default-https-client", "rt-tokio"] }
 aws-config = { workspace = true }
 aws-smithy-http-client = { workspace = true, default-features = false, features = ["rustls-aws-lc"] }
-async-compression = { workspace = true, features = ["tokio", "bzip2", "xz"] }
+aws-smithy-types.workspace = true
+async-compression = { workspace = true, features = ["tokio", "bzip2", "lz4", "xz"] }
 async-trait = { workspace = true }
 flate2.workspace = true
 http.workspace = true
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ rustfs-signer.workspace = true
 # server's implementation: a shared helper could agree with a bug on both sides.
 data-encoding = { workspace = true }
 hmac = { workspace = true }
+minlz.workspace = true
 sha1 = { workspace = true }
 serde_urlencoded = { workspace = true }
 tracing = { workspace = true }
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ the same profile for membership and execution with one nightly worker.
 | `s3s-e2e` black-box | `e2e-tests` + `e2e-tests-rio-v2` jobs | **Active** (external conformance tool) |
 | ILM / lifecycle (ignored) | `test-ilm-integration-serial` lane, `-j1` | **Active** (backlog#1148 ilm-1) |
 | KMS suite | `e2e-full` job, merge queue + main | **Active** |
-| Direct upgrade from pinned previous release | `e2e-upgrade.yml`, storage-sensitive PRs + release tags + weekly | **Active** |
+| Direct and mixed-version rolling upgrades from pinned previous release | `e2e-upgrade.yml`, storage-sensitive PRs + release tags + weekly | **Active** |
 | Cluster faults (`e2e-nightly` profile) | consolidated nightly workflow | **Active** (backlog#1149 ci-7) |
 | Protocols (FTPS/WebDAV/SFTP) | consolidated nightly workflow, serial | **Active** (backlog#1149 ci-7) |
 | Replication (fast subset) | `e2e-smoke` profile, `e2e-tests` job, every PR | **Active** (backlog#1147 repl-1) |
@@ -31,14 +31,9 @@

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging, local_http_client, rustfs_binary_path};
-    use aws_sdk_s3::config::{Credentials, Region};
+    use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging, rustfs_binary_path};
+    use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
    use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
-    use aws_sdk_s3::{Client, Config};
-    use http::header::HOST;
-    use rustfs_signer::constants::UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD;
-    use rustfs_signer::sign_v4;
-    use s3s::Body;
    use std::error::Error;
    use std::io::Read;
    use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
@@ -87,10 +82,10 @@ mod tests {
    }

    /// Send a SigV4-signed request to `path` (optionally with a JSON `body`) and
-    /// return `(status, body)`. Uses the `UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD` content hash so a
-    /// request body can be attached without the caller pre-hashing it — the
-    /// server verifies the signature against the same sentinel, exactly as the
-    /// AWS SDKs / MinIO client do for streaming/unsigned payloads.
+    /// return `(status, body)`.
+    ///
+    /// Thin wrapper over [`crate::common::admin_request`], kept local so the
+    /// call sites below keep their `Option<&str>` body shape.
    async fn signed_request(
        base_url: &str,
        method: http::Method,
@@ -99,47 +94,13 @@ mod tests {
        access_key: &str,
        secret_key: &str,
    ) -> Result<(reqwest::StatusCode, String), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
-        let url = format!("{base_url}{path}");
-        let uri = url.parse::<http::Uri>()?;
-        let authority = uri.authority().ok_or("missing authority")?.to_string();
-        let body_bytes = body.map(|b| b.as_bytes().to_vec()).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        // The signature is computed over `UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD`, so the body bytes do
-        // not participate in the SigV4 hash — sign over an empty body and attach
-        // the real payload to the wire request below.
-        let request = http::Request::builder()
-            .method(method.clone())
-            .uri(uri)
-            .header(HOST, authority)
-            .header("x-amz-content-sha256", UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD);
-        let signed = sign_v4(request.body(Body::empty())?, 0, access_key, secret_key, "", "us-east-1");
-
-        let client = local_http_client();
-        let mut rb = client.request(method, url.as_str());
-        for (name, value) in signed.headers() {
-            rb = rb.header(name, value);
-        }
-        if !body_bytes.is_empty() {
-            rb = rb.body(body_bytes);
-        }
-        let resp = rb.send().await?;
-        let status = resp.status();
-        let text = resp.text().await?;
-        Ok((status, text))
+        crate::common::admin_request(base_url, method, path, body.map(str::to_string), access_key, secret_key).await
    }

    /// Build an S3 client bound to explicit credentials (used to exercise the S3
    /// data plane with rotated / stale root credentials).
    fn s3_client_with(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, access_key: &str, secret_key: &str) -> Client {
-        let credentials = Credentials::new(access_key, secret_key, None, None, "sec4-admin-auth");
-        let config = Config::builder()
-            .credentials_provider(credentials)
-            .region(Region::new("us-east-1"))
-            .endpoint_url(&env.url)
-            .force_path_style(true)
-            .behavior_version_latest()
-            .build();
-        Client::from_conf(config)
+        env.create_s3_client_with_credentials(access_key, secret_key)
    }

    /// Create a non-admin IAM user via the admin `add-user` API using the root
@@ -151,12 +112,7 @@ mod tests {
        access_key: &str,
        secret_key: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
-        let path = format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={access_key}");
-        let body = serde_json::json!({ "secretKey": secret_key, "status": "enabled" }).to_string();
-        let (status, resp) =
-            signed_request(&env.url, http::Method::PUT, &path, Some(&body), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
-        assert!(status.is_success(), "add-user should succeed (status={status}, body={resp})");
-        Ok(())
+        crate::common::admin_create_user(env, access_key, secret_key).await
    }

    /// A fully authenticated but non-admin credential must be rejected with
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ mod tests {

    /// One signed admin request, returning the status and the raw body.
    ///
-    /// Signs with `UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD` so the body does not participate in the
-    /// hash, matching how the other admin e2e tests drive these routes.
+    /// Thin wrapper over [`crate::common::admin_request`], kept local so the
+    /// call sites below keep their `Option<&str>` body shape.
    async fn signed_request(
        base_url: &str,
        method: http::Method,
@@ -69,30 +69,7 @@ mod tests {
        access_key: &str,
        secret_key: &str,
    ) -> Result<(reqwest::StatusCode, String), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
-        let url = format!("{base_url}{path}");
-        let uri = url.parse::<http::Uri>()?;
-        let authority = uri.authority().ok_or("missing authority")?.to_string();
-        let body_bytes = body.map(|b| b.as_bytes().to_vec()).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        let request = http::Request::builder()
-            .method(method.clone())
-            .uri(uri)
-            .header(HOST, authority)
-            .header("x-amz-content-sha256", UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD);
-        let signed = sign_v4(request.body(Body::empty())?, 0, access_key, secret_key, "", "us-east-1");
-
-        let client = local_http_client();
-        let mut builder = client.request(method, url.as_str());
-        for (name, value) in signed.headers() {
-            builder = builder.header(name, value);
-        }
-        if !body_bytes.is_empty() {
-            builder = builder.body(body_bytes);
-        }
-        let response = builder.send().await?;
-        let status = response.status();
-        let text = response.text().await?;
-        Ok((status, text))
+        crate::common::admin_request(base_url, method, path, body.map(str::to_string), access_key, secret_key).await
    }

    /// A SigV4-signed `AssumeRole` form POST, optionally carrying a second factor.
@@ -15,39 +15,23 @@
 //! Regression test for Issue #1423
 //! Verifies that Bucket Policies are honored for Authenticated Users.

-use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging};
-use aws_sdk_s3::config::{Credentials, Region};
+use crate::common::{AdminTransport, RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_create_user_via, init_logging};
+use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
-use aws_sdk_s3::{Client, Config};
 use tracing::info;

+/// This suite deliberately drives the admin API through the external `awscurl`
+/// binary, so user creation pins `AdminTransport::Awscurl`.
 async fn create_user(
    env: &RustFSTestEnvironment,
    username: &str,
    password: &str,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let create_user_body = serde_json::json!({
-        "secretKey": password,
-        "status": "enabled"
-    })
-    .to_string();
-
-    let create_user_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={}", env.url, username);
-    crate::common::awscurl_put(&create_user_url, &create_user_body, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
-    Ok(())
+    admin_create_user_via(AdminTransport::Awscurl, &env.url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, username, password).await
 }

 fn create_user_client(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, access_key: &str, secret_key: &str) -> Client {
-    let credentials = Credentials::new(access_key, secret_key, None, None, "test-user");
-    let config = Config::builder()
-        .credentials_provider(credentials)
-        .region(Region::new("us-east-1"))
-        .endpoint_url(&env.url)
-        .force_path_style(true)
-        .behavior_version_latest()
-        .build();
-
-    Client::from_conf(config)
+    env.create_s3_client_with_credentials(access_key, secret_key)
 }

 #[tokio::test]
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@
 //! Readiness is established by the harness's `start()` handshake (TCP reachability
 //! plus an S3 `ListBuckets` poll) — there are no fixed sleeps.
 //!
-//! Out of scope for this block (tracked separately): network fault injection
-//! (toxiproxy / socket proxy) and 5GiB large-object budgets.
+//! The volume-proxy smoke below also proves that the socket-level fault proxy
+//! can be installed before startup without changing the client-facing node URL.
+//! A full lock-plane partition matrix and 5GiB large-object budget remain
+//! tracked separately.

 use crate::common::{ClusterTopology, RustFSTestClusterEnvironment};

@@ -76,6 +78,28 @@ async fn cluster_multidrive_single_pool_smoke() -> TestResult {
    Ok(())
 }

+/// 4 nodes x 4 drives, single pool: exercise the maximum local erasure layout
+/// supported by the cluster harness. This remains in the nightly lane because
+/// it starts four real server processes and sixteen data directories.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn cluster_four_node_four_drive_single_pool_smoke() -> TestResult {
+    crate::common::init_logging();
+
+    let mut cluster = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::with_topology(ClusterTopology::single_pool_multidrive(4, 4)).await?;
+
+    let volumes = cluster.rustfs_volumes_arg();
+    assert_eq!(volumes.split(' ').count(), 16, "expected 16 explicit endpoints, got: {volumes}");
+    assert!(!volumes.contains('{'), "single-pool layout must not use ellipses: {volumes}");
+    assert!(cluster.nodes.iter().all(|node| node.data_dirs.len() == 4));
+
+    cluster.start().await?;
+    cluster.create_test_bucket(BUCKET).await?;
+
+    let payload = vec![0x3Cu8; 1024 * 1024];
+    put_get_roundtrip(&cluster, "multidrive-4/object", &payload).await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Two single-node pools, 2 drives each: the multi-pool layout boots and
 /// round-trips. Every pool is a distinct erasure pool (`pool_idx` 0 and 1).
 #[tokio::test]
@@ -103,3 +127,27 @@ async fn cluster_two_pool_smoke() -> TestResult {
    put_get_roundtrip(&cluster, "twopool/object", &payload).await?;
    Ok(())
 }
+
+/// A real cluster smoke for the volume FaultProxy wiring. The proxy target is
+/// not listening yet when it is created; cluster startup must still converge
+/// once the target node starts, and peer disk/RPC traffic must traverse it.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn cluster_volume_fault_proxy_pass_smoke() -> TestResult {
+    crate::common::init_logging();
+
+    let mut cluster = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::with_topology(ClusterTopology::single_pool_multidrive(2, 2)).await?;
+    let proxy = cluster.start_volume_proxy_for_node(0).await?;
+    let proxied = proxy.local_addr().to_string();
+    assert!(cluster.rustfs_volumes_arg().contains(&proxied));
+
+    let result: TestResult = async {
+        cluster.start().await?;
+        cluster.create_test_bucket(BUCKET).await?;
+        let payload = vec![0x6Du8; 256 * 1024];
+        put_get_roundtrip(&cluster, "volume-proxy/object", &payload).await
+    }
+    .await;
+
+    proxy.shutdown().await;
+    result
+}
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ use serde_json;
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::fs as stdfs;
 use std::io::ErrorKind;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
 use std::sync::Once;
@@ -217,7 +218,37 @@ pub(crate) async fn signed_s3_request(
    access_key: &str,
    secret_key: &str,
 ) -> Result<reqwest::Response, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    signed_s3_request_with_session_token(method, url, body, content_type, access_key, secret_key, None).await
+    signed_s3_request_with_headers(method, url, body, content_type, access_key, secret_key, &http::HeaderMap::new()).await
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn signed_s3_request_with_headers(
+    method: http::Method,
+    url: &str,
+    body: Option<String>,
+    content_type: Option<&str>,
+    access_key: &str,
+    secret_key: &str,
+    extra_headers: &http::HeaderMap,
+) -> Result<reqwest::Response, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    signed_s3_request_with_session_token(
+        method,
+        url,
+        body,
+        content_type,
+        SigningCredentials {
+            access_key,
+            secret_key,
+            session_token: None,
+        },
+        extra_headers,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+struct SigningCredentials<'a> {
+    access_key: &'a str,
+    secret_key: &'a str,
+    session_token: Option<&'a str>,
 }

 async fn signed_s3_request_with_session_token(
@@ -225,9 +256,8 @@ async fn signed_s3_request_with_session_token(
    url: &str,
    body: Option<String>,
    content_type: Option<&str>,
-    access_key: &str,
-    secret_key: &str,
-    session_token: Option<&str>,
+    credentials: SigningCredentials<'_>,
+    extra_headers: &http::HeaderMap,
 ) -> Result<reqwest::Response, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
    let uri = url.parse::<http::Uri>()?;
    let authority = uri.authority().ok_or("S3 URL missing authority")?.to_string();
@@ -239,14 +269,17 @@ async fn signed_s3_request_with_session_token(
    if let Some(content_type) = content_type {
        request = request.header(CONTENT_TYPE, content_type);
    }
+    for (name, value) in extra_headers {
+        request = request.header(name, value);
+    }

    let content_length = i64::try_from(body.as_ref().map_or(0, String::len)).map_err(|_| "S3 request body is too large")?;
    let signed = sign_v4(
        request.body(Body::empty())?,
        content_length,
-        access_key,
-        secret_key,
-        session_token.unwrap_or_default(),
+        credentials.access_key,
+        credentials.secret_key,
+        credentials.session_token.unwrap_or_default(),
        "us-east-1",
    );

@@ -283,8 +316,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn admin_request_with_session_token(
 ) -> Result<(StatusCode, String), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
    let url = format!("{base_url}{path_and_query}");
    let content_type = body.as_ref().map(|_| "application/json");
-    let response =
-        signed_s3_request_with_session_token(method, &url, body, content_type, access_key, secret_key, session_token).await?;
+    let response = signed_s3_request_with_session_token(
+        method,
+        &url,
+        body,
+        content_type,
+        SigningCredentials {
+            access_key,
+            secret_key,
+            session_token,
+        },
+        &http::HeaderMap::new(),
+    )
+    .await?;
    let status = response.status();
    let body = response.text().await?;
    Ok((status, body))
@@ -1171,6 +1215,9 @@ pub struct RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
    pub node_extra_env: Vec<Vec<(String, String)>>,
    pub node_capture_log_paths: Vec<Option<String>>,
    pub topology: ClusterTopology,
+    /// Optional socket proxies used for the corresponding node's volume
+    /// endpoints. Proxies must be installed before [`Self::start`].
+    volume_proxy_addresses: Vec<Option<SocketAddr>>,
 }

 impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
@@ -1262,6 +1309,7 @@ impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
            extra_env.push(("RUSTFS_UNSAFE_BYPASS_DISK_CHECK".to_string(), "true".to_string()));
        }

+        let node_count = topology.node_count;
        Ok(Self {
            nodes,
            temp_dir,
@@ -1271,6 +1319,7 @@ impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
            node_extra_env: vec![Vec::new(); topology.node_count],
            node_capture_log_paths: vec![None; topology.node_count],
            topology,
+            volume_proxy_addresses: vec![None; node_count],
        })
    }

@@ -1338,6 +1387,34 @@ impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
        self.build_volumes_arg()
    }

+    /// Start a socket proxy for one node's volume endpoints and route all
+    /// subsequent `RUSTFS_VOLUMES` references for that node through it.
+    ///
+    /// Call this before [`Self::start`], then use the returned proxy's
+    /// [`crate::fault_proxy::FaultProxy::set_mode`] to inject latency,
+    /// blackhole, or one-way partition faults. The node's own listen address
+    /// remains direct, so S3 clients can still reach it while peer disk/RPC
+    /// traffic is steered through the proxy.
+    pub async fn start_volume_proxy_for_node(
+        &mut self,
+        node_idx: usize,
+    ) -> Result<crate::fault_proxy::FaultProxy, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        self.ensure_node_index(node_idx)?;
+        if self.volume_proxy_addresses[node_idx].is_some() {
+            return Err(format!("a volume proxy is already configured for node {node_idx}").into());
+        }
+        let target = self.nodes[node_idx].address.parse::<SocketAddr>()?;
+        let proxy = crate::fault_proxy::FaultProxy::start(target).await?;
+        self.volume_proxy_addresses[node_idx] = Some(proxy.local_addr());
+        Ok(proxy)
+    }
+
+    fn volume_address(&self, node_idx: usize) -> String {
+        self.volume_proxy_addresses[node_idx]
+            .map(|address| address.to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.nodes[node_idx].address.clone())
+    }
+
    fn build_volumes_arg(&self) -> String {
        let pools = self.topology.normalized_pools();

@@ -1346,7 +1423,11 @@ impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
            return self
                .nodes
                .iter()
-                .flat_map(|n| n.data_dirs.iter().map(move |dir| format!("http://{}{}", n.address, dir)))
+                .enumerate()
+                .flat_map(|(node_idx, n)| {
+                    let address = self.volume_address(node_idx);
+                    n.data_dirs.iter().map(move |dir| format!("http://{}{}", address, dir))
+                })
                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                .join(" ");
        }
@@ -1357,13 +1438,19 @@ impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
        pools
            .iter()
            .map(|nodes| {
-                let node = &self.nodes[nodes[0]];
+                let node_idx = nodes[0];
+                let node = &self.nodes[node_idx];
                let base = node
                    .data_dirs
                    .first()
                    .and_then(|d| d.rsplit_once('/').map(|(parent, _)| parent))
                    .unwrap_or(&node.data_dir);
-                format!("http://{}{}/drive{{0...{}}}", node.address, base, self.topology.drives_per_node - 1)
+                format!(
+                    "http://{}{}/drive{{0...{}}}",
+                    self.volume_address(node_idx),
+                    base,
+                    self.topology.drives_per_node - 1
+                )
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(" ")
@@ -1382,31 +1469,18 @@ impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
    ///   times out, or cluster service readiness times out.
    pub async fn start(&mut self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
        let binary_path = rustfs_binary_path();
+        self.start_with_binary(&binary_path).await
+    }
+
+    /// Start every cluster node with a specific RustFS binary.
+    ///
+    /// Upgrade compatibility tests use this to initialize a cluster with a
+    /// pinned previous release before replacing nodes with the workspace build.
+    pub async fn start_with_binary(&mut self, binary_path: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
        let volumes_arg = self.build_volumes_arg();

-        for (i, node) in self.nodes.iter_mut().enumerate() {
-            info!("Starting cluster node {} on {}", i, node.address);
-
-            let mut command = Command::new(&binary_path);
-            command
-                .env("RUSTFS_VOLUMES", &volumes_arg)
-                .env("RUSTFS_ADDRESS", &node.address)
-                .env("RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY", &self.access_key)
-                .env("RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY", &self.secret_key)
-                .env("RUSTFS_CONSOLE_ENABLE", "false")
-                .env("RUST_LOG", "rustfs=info,rustfs_notify=debug");
-
-            for (key, value) in &self.extra_env {
-                command.env(key, value);
-            }
-            for (key, value) in &self.node_extra_env[i] {
-                command.env(key, value);
-            }
-            capture_command_logs(&mut command, self.node_capture_log_paths[i].as_deref())?;
-
-            let process = command.current_dir(&node.data_dir).spawn()?;
-
-            node.process = Some(process);
+        for node_idx in 0..self.nodes.len() {
+            self.spawn_node(node_idx, binary_path, &volumes_arg)?;
        }

        for (i, node) in self.nodes.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -1422,20 +1496,46 @@ impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {

    /// Start one node process using the cluster's existing volume layout.
    pub async fn start_node(&mut self, node_idx: usize) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let binary_path = rustfs_binary_path();
+        self.start_node_from_binary(node_idx, &binary_path).await
+    }
+
+    /// Start one stopped cluster node with a specific RustFS binary while
+    /// preserving the cluster's volume layout and that node's data directory.
+    pub async fn start_node_from_binary(
+        &mut self,
+        node_idx: usize,
+        binary_path: &Path,
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let volumes_arg = self.build_volumes_arg();
+        self.spawn_node(node_idx, binary_path, &volumes_arg)?;
+
+        self.wait_for_node_ready(&self.nodes[node_idx].address, node_idx).await?;
+        self.wait_for_node_service_ready(node_idx).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn spawn_node(
+        &mut self,
+        node_idx: usize,
+        binary_path: &Path,
+        volumes_arg: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
        self.ensure_node_index(node_idx)?;
        if self.nodes[node_idx].process.is_some() {
            return Err(format!("cluster node {node_idx} is already running").into());
        }
+        if !binary_path.is_file() {
+            return Err(format!("RustFS binary does not exist: {}", binary_path.display()).into());
+        }

-        let binary_path = rustfs_binary_path();
-        let volumes_arg = self.build_volumes_arg();
        let log_path = self.node_capture_log_paths[node_idx].clone();
        let node = &mut self.nodes[node_idx];
-        info!("Starting cluster node {} on {}", node_idx, node.address);
+        info!("Starting cluster node {} on {} with {}", node_idx, node.address, binary_path.display());

-        let mut command = Command::new(&binary_path);
+        let mut command = Command::new(binary_path);
        command
-            .env("RUSTFS_VOLUMES", &volumes_arg)
+            .env("RUSTFS_VOLUMES", volumes_arg)
            .env("RUSTFS_ADDRESS", &node.address)
            .env("RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY", &self.access_key)
            .env("RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY", &self.secret_key)
@@ -1452,9 +1552,6 @@ impl RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {

        let process = command.current_dir(&node.data_dir).spawn()?;
        node.process = Some(process);
-
-        self.wait_for_node_ready(&self.nodes[node_idx].address, node_idx).await?;
-        self.wait_for_node_service_ready(node_idx).await?;
        Ok(())
    }

@@ -1744,30 +1841,128 @@ pub(crate) async fn admin_create_user(
    username: &str,
    secret_key: &str,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={}", env.url, username);
-    let body = serde_json::json!({
-        "secretKey": secret_key,
-        "status": "enabled"
-    });
-    let response = signed_request(
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        &url,
-        &env.access_key,
-        &env.secret_key,
-        Some(body.to_string().into_bytes()),
-        Some("application/json"),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    admin_create_user_via(AdminTransport::Signed, &env.url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, username, secret_key).await
+}

-    if response.status() != reqwest::StatusCode::OK {
-        let status = response.status();
-        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-        return Err(format!("create user failed: {status} {body}").into());
+/// Transport used by the shared admin-API helpers: in-process SigV4 signing
+/// via [`signed_request`], or the external `awscurl` binary (an independent
+/// SigV4 implementation exercised by the awscurl-gated suites).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum AdminTransport {
+    Signed,
+    Awscurl,
+}
+
+/// Execute an admin-API request against `base_url` with admin credentials over
+/// the chosen transport, failing on any non-success response.
+pub(crate) async fn admin_execute_at(
+    transport: AdminTransport,
+    method: http::Method,
+    base_url: &str,
+    admin_access_key: &str,
+    admin_secret_key: &str,
+    path_and_query: &str,
+    body: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let url = format!("{base_url}{path_and_query}");
+    match transport {
+        AdminTransport::Signed => {
+            let content_type = match body {
+                Some(body) if !body.is_empty() => Some("application/json"),
+                _ => None,
+            };
+            let response = signed_request(
+                method.clone(),
+                &url,
+                admin_access_key,
+                admin_secret_key,
+                body.map(|body| body.as_bytes().to_vec()),
+                content_type,
+            )
+            .await?;
+            if !response.status().is_success() {
+                let status = response.status();
+                let text = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+                return Err(format!("{method} {path_and_query} failed: {status} {text}").into());
+            }
+        }
+        AdminTransport::Awscurl => {
+            execute_awscurl(&url, method.as_str(), body, admin_access_key, admin_secret_key).await?;
+        }
    }
-
    Ok(())
 }

+/// Create a new IAM user via the admin API over the chosen transport.
+pub(crate) async fn admin_create_user_via(
+    transport: AdminTransport,
+    base_url: &str,
+    admin_access_key: &str,
+    admin_secret_key: &str,
+    username: &str,
+    secret_key: &str,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let path = format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={username}");
+    let body = serde_json::json!({"secretKey": secret_key, "status": "enabled"}).to_string();
+    admin_execute_at(
+        transport,
+        http::Method::PUT,
+        base_url,
+        admin_access_key,
+        admin_secret_key,
+        &path,
+        Some(&body),
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+/// Install a canned policy via the admin API over the chosen transport.
+pub(crate) async fn admin_add_canned_policy_via(
+    transport: AdminTransport,
+    base_url: &str,
+    admin_access_key: &str,
+    admin_secret_key: &str,
+    policy_name: &str,
+    policy_json: &str,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let path = format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/add-canned-policy?name={policy_name}");
+    admin_execute_at(
+        transport,
+        http::Method::PUT,
+        base_url,
+        admin_access_key,
+        admin_secret_key,
+        &path,
+        Some(policy_json),
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+/// Attach a canned policy to a user via the admin API over the chosen transport.
+pub(crate) async fn admin_attach_user_policy_via(
+    transport: AdminTransport,
+    base_url: &str,
+    admin_access_key: &str,
+    admin_secret_key: &str,
+    policy_name: &str,
+    username: &str,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let path = format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/set-user-or-group-policy?policyName={policy_name}&userOrGroup={username}&isGroup=false");
+    // `Some("")` preserves the historical wire shape on both transports: awscurl
+    // keeps sending `-d ''` and the signed path attaches an empty body with no
+    // content type.
+    admin_execute_at(
+        transport,
+        http::Method::PUT,
+        base_url,
+        admin_access_key,
+        admin_secret_key,
+        &path,
+        Some(""),
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
@@ -1859,7 +2054,7 @@ mod tests {
        }
        let multidrive = topology.drives_per_node > 1;

-        let nodes = (0..topology.node_count)
+        let nodes: Vec<ClusterNode> = (0..topology.node_count)
            .map(|i| {
                let address = format!("127.0.0.1:{}", 9000 + i);
                let data_dirs: Vec<String> = if multidrive {
@@ -1880,6 +2075,7 @@ mod tests {
            })
            .collect();

+        let node_count = nodes.len();
        RustFSTestClusterEnvironment {
            nodes,
            temp_dir,
@@ -1889,6 +2085,7 @@ mod tests {
            node_extra_env: vec![Vec::new(); topology.node_count],
            node_capture_log_paths: vec![None; topology.node_count],
            topology,
+            volume_proxy_addresses: vec![None; node_count],
        }
    }

@@ -1973,6 +2170,25 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(ClusterTopology::single_pool_multidrive(1, 1).validate().is_ok());
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn volume_proxy_rewrites_cluster_volume_endpoint() {
+        let mut env = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(1)
+            .await
+            .expect("cluster environment should allocate a node");
+        let direct = env.nodes[0].address.clone();
+        let proxy = env
+            .start_volume_proxy_for_node(0)
+            .await
+            .expect("volume proxy should bind before the target server starts");
+        let proxied = proxy.local_addr().to_string();
+        let volumes = env.rustfs_volumes_arg();
+
+        assert!(volumes.contains(&proxied), "volumes must use the proxy address: {volumes}");
+        assert!(!volumes.contains(&direct), "volumes must not retain the direct address: {volumes}");
+
+        proxy.shutdown().await;
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn cluster_node_env_supports_per_node_overrides() {
        let mut env = fake_cluster(ClusterTopology::single_pool(4));
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Regression: an object legally committed at degraded write quorum must stay
+//! listable while a *different* drive is offline.
+//!
+//! On a 4-drive EC 2+2 set, a PUT made while one drive is down persists
+//! `xl.meta` on 3 of 4 drives (write quorum). If a different drive later goes
+//! offline before heal converges, a strict latest-listing quorum of 3 can only
+//! ever observe 2 copies, so ListObjectsV2 silently dropped the object even
+//! though GetObject (read quorum 2) still succeeded. Exposed by the flaky
+//! "Mixed-version rolling upgrade from rc.2" CI lane (run 33478999853); the
+//! product fix relaxes the listing's required object quorum by the number of
+//! set drives the listing could not consult (see
+//! `latest_listing_required_object_quorum` in
+//! `crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs`).
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::common::{RustFSTestClusterEnvironment, init_logging};
+    use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
+    use bytes::Bytes;
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+    use std::error::Error;
+    use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+    use tracing::info;
+
+    type TestResult = Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>;
+
+    const BUCKET: &str = "degraded-listing-availability";
+    const OBJECT_COUNT: usize = 8;
+    /// Well under the observed heal-convergence gap (~50s in the CI incident),
+    /// so a listing that only completes after heal restores the missing copy
+    /// still fails this deadline on a regressed build.
+    const LISTING_DEADLINE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(25);
+    const GET_RETRY_DEADLINE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(15);
+    const PUT_RETRY_DEADLINE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(15);
+
+    fn object_key(idx: usize) -> String {
+        format!("degraded-object-{idx:02}")
+    }
+
+    async fn list_all_keys(client: &Client) -> Result<HashSet<String>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut keys = HashSet::new();
+        let mut continuation_token: Option<String> = None;
+        loop {
+            let response = client
+                .list_objects_v2()
+                .bucket(BUCKET)
+                .set_continuation_token(continuation_token.clone())
+                .send()
+                .await?;
+            keys.extend(
+                response
+                    .contents()
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter_map(|object| object.key().map(str::to_owned)),
+            );
+            match response.next_continuation_token() {
+                Some(token) => continuation_token = Some(token.to_owned()),
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(keys)
+    }
+
+    /// 4-node single-drive cluster (EC 2+2, write quorum 3):
+    /// 1. Stop node 1 and PUT objects — each commits on nodes {0, 2, 3} only.
+    /// 2. Stop node 3 (a holder drive), then bring node 1 back before heal can
+    ///    recreate the missing copies there.
+    /// 3. Every object still satisfies read quorum (nodes 0 and 2), so GET
+    ///    must succeed AND ListObjectsV2 must report every key well before
+    ///    heal converges.
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn degraded_write_remains_listable_while_a_different_drive_is_offline() -> TestResult {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut cluster = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(4).await?;
+        // Listing availability must not depend on heal convergence: disable
+        // the background healers so the degraded objects keep their metadata
+        // on exactly 3 of 4 drives for the whole test.
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_HEAL_ENABLED", "false");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false");
+        cluster.start().await?;
+        cluster.create_test_bucket(BUCKET).await?;
+        let client = cluster.create_s3_client(0)?;
+
+        info!("stopping node 1 so the uploads commit at degraded write quorum (3 of 4)");
+        cluster.stop_node(1)?;
+        // The first writes after a node drops can see transient 503s while the
+        // survivors notice the dead peer; retry briefly (overwrites of the same
+        // unversioned key are idempotent).
+        for idx in 0..OBJECT_COUNT {
+            let key = object_key(idx);
+            let body = format!("degraded listing payload {idx}");
+            let deadline = Instant::now() + PUT_RETRY_DEADLINE;
+            loop {
+                let request = client
+                    .put_object()
+                    .bucket(BUCKET)
+                    .key(&key)
+                    .body(Bytes::from(body.clone()).into());
+                match request.send().await {
+                    Ok(_) => break,
+                    Err(error) if Instant::now() < deadline => {
+                        info!("retrying degraded PUT for {key}: {error}");
+                        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+                    }
+                    Err(error) => return Err(format!("degraded PUT for {key} failed: {error}").into()),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        info!("stopping node 3 (holds a copy) and restoring node 1 (holds none)");
+        cluster.stop_node(3)?;
+        cluster.start_node(1).await?;
+
+        // The first requests after a node drops can see transient 503s while
+        // the survivors notice the dead peer; retry briefly before asserting.
+        for idx in 0..OBJECT_COUNT {
+            let key = object_key(idx);
+            let deadline = Instant::now() + GET_RETRY_DEADLINE;
+            let body = loop {
+                match client.get_object().bucket(BUCKET).key(&key).send().await {
+                    Ok(response) => break response.body.collect().await?.into_bytes(),
+                    Err(error) if Instant::now() < deadline => {
+                        info!("retrying degraded GET for {key}: {error}");
+                        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+                    }
+                    Err(error) => return Err(format!("degraded object {key} failed read quorum GET: {error}").into()),
+                }
+            };
+            assert!(!body.is_empty(), "degraded object {key} should read back at read quorum");
+        }
+
+        let expected: HashSet<String> = (0..OBJECT_COUNT).map(object_key).collect();
+        let deadline = Instant::now() + LISTING_DEADLINE;
+        let listed = loop {
+            let listed = match list_all_keys(&client).await {
+                Ok(keys) => keys,
+                Err(error) if Instant::now() < deadline => {
+                    info!("retrying degraded listing: {error}");
+                    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Err(error) => return Err(error),
+            };
+            if expected.is_subset(&listed) {
+                break listed;
+            }
+            assert!(
+                Instant::now() < deadline,
+                "objects readable at read quorum stayed missing from ListObjectsV2 for {LISTING_DEADLINE:?}: \
+                 missing={:?} listed={listed:?}",
+                expected.difference(&listed).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            );
+            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+        };
+        info!(listed = listed.len(), "degraded objects are listable while node 3 is offline");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
@@ -16,37 +16,29 @@
 //! session policy** (`Policy` parameter) via `awscurl --service sts` with explicit
 //! `Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded` on `POST /`.

-use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, awscurl_delete, awscurl_post_sts_form_urlencoded, awscurl_put, init_logging};
-use aws_sdk_s3::config::{Credentials, Region};
+use crate::common::{
+    AdminTransport, RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_add_canned_policy_via, admin_attach_user_policy_via, admin_create_user_via,
+    awscurl_delete, awscurl_post_sts_form_urlencoded, build_test_s3_config, init_logging,
+};
+use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
 use aws_sdk_s3::types::{Delete, ObjectIdentifier, Tag, Tagging};
-use aws_sdk_s3::{Client, Config};
 use tracing::info;
 use uuid::Uuid;

 fn user_client(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, access_key: &str, secret_key: &str) -> Client {
-    let credentials = Credentials::new(access_key, secret_key, None, None, "e2e-existing-tag");
-    let config = Config::builder()
-        .credentials_provider(credentials)
-        .region(Region::new("us-east-1"))
-        .endpoint_url(&env.url)
-        .force_path_style(true)
-        .behavior_version_latest()
-        .build();
-    Client::from_conf(config)
+    env.create_s3_client_with_credentials(access_key, secret_key)
 }

 fn sts_session_client(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, access_key: &str, secret_key: &str, session_token: &str) -> Client {
-    let credentials = Credentials::new(access_key, secret_key, Some(session_token.into()), None, "e2e-sts-session");
-    let config = Config::builder()
-        .credentials_provider(credentials)
-        .region(Region::new("us-east-1"))
-        .endpoint_url(&env.url)
-        .force_path_style(true)
-        .behavior_version_latest()
-        .build();
-    Client::from_conf(config)
+    Client::from_conf(build_test_s3_config(
+        &env.url,
+        access_key,
+        secret_key,
+        Some(session_token),
+        "e2e-sts-session",
+    ))
 }

 fn extract_xml_tag(xml: &str, tag: &str) -> Option<String> {
@@ -77,15 +69,16 @@ async fn assume_role_with_session_policy(
    parse_assume_role_credentials(&xml)
 }

+// This suite deliberately drives the admin API through the external `awscurl`
+// binary (an independent SigV4 implementation), so the wrappers below pin
+// `AdminTransport::Awscurl`.
+
 async fn admin_create_user(
    env: &RustFSTestEnvironment,
    username: &str,
    password: &str,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let body = serde_json::json!({ "secretKey": password, "status": "enabled" }).to_string();
-    let url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={}", env.url, username);
-    awscurl_put(&url, &body, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
-    Ok(())
+    admin_create_user_via(AdminTransport::Awscurl, &env.url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, username, password).await
 }

 async fn admin_add_canned_policy(
@@ -93,9 +86,15 @@ async fn admin_add_canned_policy(
    policy_name: &str,
    policy_json: &str,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-canned-policy?name={}", env.url, policy_name);
-    awscurl_put(&url, policy_json, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
-    Ok(())
+    admin_add_canned_policy_via(
+        AdminTransport::Awscurl,
+        &env.url,
+        &env.access_key,
+        &env.secret_key,
+        policy_name,
+        policy_json,
+    )
+    .await
 }

 async fn admin_attach_policy_to_user(
@@ -103,12 +102,7 @@ async fn admin_attach_policy_to_user(
    policy_name: &str,
    username: &str,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let url = format!(
-        "{}/rustfs/admin/v3/set-user-or-group-policy?policyName={}&userOrGroup={}&isGroup=false",
-        env.url, policy_name, username
-    );
-    awscurl_put(&url, "", &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
-    Ok(())
+    admin_attach_user_policy_via(AdminTransport::Awscurl, &env.url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, policy_name, username).await
 }

 async fn admin_remove_user(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, username: &str) {
@@ -15,20 +15,11 @@
 //! E2E tests for group management (fixes #2028).

 use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_ok, admin_request, init_logging};
-use aws_sdk_s3::config::{Credentials, Region};
-use aws_sdk_s3::{Client, Config};
+use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use tracing::info;

 fn create_user_s3_client(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, access_key: &str, secret_key: &str) -> Client {
-    let credentials = Credentials::new(access_key, secret_key, None, None, "e2e-group-test");
-    let config = Config::builder()
-        .credentials_provider(credentials)
-        .region(Region::new("us-east-1"))
-        .endpoint_url(&env.url)
-        .force_path_style(true)
-        .behavior_version_latest()
-        .build();
-    Client::from_conf(config)
+    env.create_s3_client_with_credentials(access_key, secret_key)
 }

 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@

 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::chaos::signed_admin_post;
-    use crate::common::{RustFSTestClusterEnvironment, RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging};
+    use crate::chaos::{VersionShardCensus, census_object_version_on_disk, signed_admin_post};
+    use crate::common::{RustFSTestClusterEnvironment, RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_request, init_logging};
    use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
+    use http::Method;
    use std::collections::HashSet;
    use std::error::Error;
    use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-    use tokio::time::{Duration, sleep, timeout};
+    use tokio::time::{Duration, Instant, sleep, timeout};
    use tracing::info;

    fn has_file_under(path: &Path) -> bool {
@@ -48,6 +49,110 @@ mod tests {
        disk.join(bucket).join(key).join("xl.meta").is_file()
    }

+    // Healing may rewrite non-identity bookkeeping in xl.meta. The census
+    // therefore compares the canonical selected metadata fields plus every
+    // physical shard, while the payload seed makes object mix-ups observable.
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct PhysicalObjectManifest {
+        key: String,
+        payload_seed: u8,
+        shard_census: VersionShardCensus,
+    }
+
+    fn deterministic_object_body(len: usize, seed: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut value = seed;
+        std::iter::repeat_with(|| {
+            value = value.wrapping_mul(31).wrapping_add(17);
+            value
+        })
+        .take(len)
+        .collect()
+    }
+
+    fn matching_manifest_count(
+        disk: &Path,
+        bucket: &str,
+        expected_manifests: &[PhysicalObjectManifest],
+    ) -> Result<usize, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut matching = 0;
+        for expected in expected_manifests {
+            let actual = census_object_version_on_disk(disk, bucket, &expected.key, None)?;
+            if actual.matches_manifest(&expected.shard_census) {
+                matching += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(matching)
+    }
+
+    fn metadata_count(disk: &Path, bucket: &str, expected_manifests: &[PhysicalObjectManifest]) -> usize {
+        expected_manifests
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|expected| object_metadata_exists_on_disk(disk, bucket, &expected.key))
+            .count()
+    }
+
+    fn heal_task_status_diagnostic(body: &str) -> String {
+        let Ok(status) = serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(body) else {
+            return body.to_string();
+        };
+        let items = status["items"].as_array();
+        let mut unresolved_states = HashSet::new();
+        for item in items.into_iter().flatten() {
+            for drive in item["after"]["drives"].as_array().into_iter().flatten() {
+                if let Some(state) = drive["state"].as_str()
+                    && state != "ok"
+                {
+                    unresolved_states.insert(state.to_string());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let mut unresolved_states = unresolved_states.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        unresolved_states.sort();
+        format!(
+            "summary={:?}, detail={:?}, item_count={}, unresolved_drive_states={unresolved_states:?}",
+            status["summary"].as_str(),
+            status["detail"].as_str(),
+            items.map_or(0, Vec::len)
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn cluster_heal_is_idle(status: &serde_json::Value) -> bool {
+        let operations = &status["healOperations"];
+        status["clusterStatusComplete"] == serde_json::Value::Bool(true)
+            && status["state"].as_str() == Some("idle")
+            && operations["queueLength"].as_u64() == Some(0)
+            && operations["activeTasks"].as_u64() == Some(0)
+            && operations["retryingTasks"].as_u64() == Some(0)
+    }
+
+    fn only_admin_heal_is_active(status: &serde_json::Value) -> bool {
+        let operations = &status["healOperations"];
+        status["clusterStatusComplete"] == serde_json::Value::Bool(true)
+            && status["state"].as_str() == Some("active")
+            && operations["queueLength"].as_u64() == Some(0)
+            && operations["activeTasks"].as_u64() == Some(1)
+            && operations["retryingTasks"].as_u64() == Some(0)
+            && operations["activeBySource"]["admin"].as_u64() == Some(1)
+    }
+
+    async fn replacement_recovery_status(
+        cluster: &RustFSTestClusterEnvironment,
+    ) -> Result<serde_json::Value, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let (status, body) = admin_request(
+            &cluster.nodes[0].url,
+            Method::GET,
+            "/rustfs/admin/v4/heal/replacement-recovery",
+            None,
+            &cluster.access_key,
+            &cluster.secret_key,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        if !status.is_success() {
+            return Err(format!("replacement recovery status failed: {status} {body}").into());
+        }
+        serde_json::from_str(&body).map_err(|err| format!("replacement recovery status is not JSON ({err}): {body}").into())
+    }
+
    async fn assert_object_body(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, bucket: &str, key: &str, expected: &[u8]) {
        let client = env.create_s3_client();
        let response = client
@@ -442,6 +547,380 @@ mod tests {
        .into())
    }

+    // Keep the original unformatted-disk scenario above. This case retains the
+    // format identity so only the explicit admin task can rebuild missing data.
+    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+    async fn test_cluster_root_heal_resumes_missing_remote_shards_after_node_restart() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>
+    {
+        init_logging();
+        info!(
+            event = "heal_restart_started",
+            component = "e2e_test",
+            subsystem = "heal",
+            "Starting root-heal restart test"
+        );
+
+        let mut cluster = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(4).await?;
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_UNSAFE_BYPASS_DISK_CHECK", "true");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_HEAL_ENABLED", "true");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_HEAL_AUTO_HEAL_ENABLE", "false");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_HEAL_MRF_ENABLE", "false");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_HEAL_MAX_CONCURRENT_HEALS", "1");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_HEAL_MAX_CONCURRENT_PER_SET", "1");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_HEAL_PAGE_OBJECT_CONCURRENCY", "1");
+        cluster.set_env("RUSTFS_HEAL_PAGE_PARALLEL_ENABLE", "false");
+        // Keep all storage nodes' Heal runtimes enabled so their disk services
+        // complete normal registration after restart. Scanner, auto-heal and
+        // MRF are disabled; the pre-root idle barrier below drains the direct
+        // outage-object repair before the explicit admin task starts.
+        let server_rust_log = std::env::var("RUSTFS_HEAL_CHAOS_SERVER_RUST_LOG")
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| "rustfs::heal::task=info,rustfs=error".to_string());
+        cluster.set_env("RUST_LOG", server_rust_log);
+        if let Ok(log_dir) = std::env::var("RUSTFS_HEAL_CHAOS_LOG_DIR") {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(&log_dir)?;
+            for node_index in 0..cluster.nodes.len() {
+                cluster.set_node_capture_log_path(node_index, format!("{log_dir}/node{node_index}.log"))?;
+            }
+        }
+        cluster.start().await?;
+        let clients = cluster.create_all_clients()?;
+
+        let bucket = "heal-restart-during-rebuild";
+        clients[0].create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+
+        let replaced_disk = PathBuf::from(&cluster.nodes[1].data_dir);
+        let replacement_format_path = replaced_disk.join(".rustfs.sys").join("format.json");
+        let replacement_format = std::fs::read(&replacement_format_path).map_err(|err| {
+            format!("failed to capture target format before replacement wipe at {replacement_format_path:?}: {err}")
+        })?;
+        let online_object_count = std::env::var("RUSTFS_HEAL_CHAOS_OBJECT_COUNT")
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|value| value.parse::<usize>().ok())
+            .unwrap_or(24)
+            .clamp(8, 64);
+        let object_size_bytes = std::env::var("RUSTFS_HEAL_CHAOS_OBJECT_SIZE_BYTES")
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|value| value.parse::<usize>().ok())
+            .unwrap_or(4 * 1024 * 1024)
+            .clamp(1024 * 1024, 16 * 1024 * 1024);
+        let mut expected_manifests = Vec::with_capacity(online_object_count);
+        for index in 0..online_object_count {
+            let key = format!("cluster/online/object-{index:04}.bin");
+            let payload_seed = u8::try_from(index + 1).expect("clamped object count must fit in u8");
+            timeout(
+                Duration::from_secs(30),
+                clients[0]
+                    .put_object()
+                    .bucket(bucket)
+                    .key(&key)
+                    .body(ByteStream::from(deterministic_object_body(object_size_bytes, payload_seed)))
+                    .send(),
+            )
+            .await??;
+            let shard_census = census_object_version_on_disk(&replaced_disk, bucket, &key, None)?;
+            assert!(
+                shard_census.is_complete(),
+                "node 1 should hold a complete baseline shard for {key}: {shard_census:?}"
+            );
+            assert!(
+                !shard_census.expected_part_numbers.is_empty(),
+                "chaos objects must use physical part shards rather than inline data: {shard_census:?}"
+            );
+            expected_manifests.push(PhysicalObjectManifest {
+                key,
+                payload_seed,
+                shard_census,
+            });
+        }
+
+        cluster.stop_node(1)?;
+        std::fs::remove_dir_all(&replaced_disk)?;
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(
+            replacement_format_path
+                .parent()
+                .ok_or("replacement format path has no parent")?,
+        )?;
+        std::fs::write(&replacement_format_path, replacement_format)?;
+        assert!(
+            replacement_format_path.is_file(),
+            "replacement target must retain only its preformatted topology identity"
+        );
+
+        let outage_key = "cluster/written-while-node-down.bin";
+        let outage_payload_seed = 0xf1;
+        timeout(
+            Duration::from_secs(30),
+            clients[2]
+                .put_object()
+                .bucket(bucket)
+                .key(outage_key)
+                .body(ByteStream::from(deterministic_object_body(object_size_bytes, outage_payload_seed)))
+                .send(),
+        )
+        .await??;
+
+        let mut outage_peer_erasure_indices = HashSet::new();
+        for (node_index, node) in cluster.nodes.iter().enumerate() {
+            if node_index == 1 {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let census = census_object_version_on_disk(Path::new(&node.data_dir), bucket, outage_key, None)?;
+            assert!(
+                census.is_complete(),
+                "online node {node_index} must hold a complete outage-object shard: {census:?}"
+            );
+            let erasure_index = census
+                .erasure_index
+                .ok_or_else(|| format!("online node {node_index} outage-object shard has no erasure index: {census:?}"))?;
+            assert!(
+                (1..=cluster.nodes.len()).contains(&erasure_index),
+                "online node {node_index} outage-object erasure index is out of range: {census:?}"
+            );
+            assert!(
+                outage_peer_erasure_indices.insert(erasure_index),
+                "outage-object erasure index {erasure_index} is duplicated across online nodes"
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            outage_peer_erasure_indices.len(),
+            cluster.nodes.len().saturating_sub(1),
+            "every online node must contribute one unique outage-object erasure index"
+        );
+        let expected_outage_target_erasure_index = (1..=cluster.nodes.len())
+            .find(|index| !outage_peer_erasure_indices.contains(index))
+            .ok_or("online outage-object shards leave no erasure index for the replacement target")?;
+
+        // The PUT path may have admitted a direct Internal object repair while
+        // node 1 was offline. Cancel the isolated bucket path before the target
+        // returns; otherwise it could rebuild the outage object and invalidate
+        // the explicit-root ownership assertion below.
+        let cancel_outage_heal_path = format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/heal/{bucket}?forceStop=true");
+        let (cancel_status, cancel_body) = admin_request(
+            &cluster.nodes[0].url,
+            Method::POST,
+            &cancel_outage_heal_path,
+            Some(
+                r#"{"recursive":true,"dryRun":false,"remove":false,"recreate":true,"scanMode":2,"updateParity":false,"nolock":false}"#
+                    .to_string(),
+            ),
+            &cluster.access_key,
+            &cluster.secret_key,
+        )
+        .await?;
+        if !cancel_status.is_success() {
+            return Err(format!("cancel outage heal failed: {cancel_status} {cancel_body}").into());
+        }
+
+        cluster.start_node(1).await?;
+
+        let status_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/background-heal/status", cluster.nodes[0].url);
+        let recovery_deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(60);
+        loop {
+            let status_body = signed_admin_post(&status_url, None, &cluster.access_key, &cluster.secret_key).await?;
+            assert!(
+                !status_body.contains("MissingContentLength"),
+                "background heal status should not fail without an explicit Content-Length: {status_body}"
+            );
+            let recovered: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&status_body)
+                .map_err(|err| format!("background heal status is not JSON ({err}): {status_body}"))?;
+            if cluster_heal_is_idle(&recovered) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if Instant::now() >= recovery_deadline {
+                return Err(format!("cluster heal operations did not become idle before root heal: {recovered}").into());
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(250)).await;
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            matching_manifest_count(&replaced_disk, bucket, &expected_manifests)?,
+            0,
+            "non-admin Heal is disabled, so the replacement target must remain empty before the explicit root heal"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !census_object_version_on_disk(&replaced_disk, bucket, outage_key, None)?.has_xl_meta,
+            "the object written during the outage must be absent before the explicit root heal"
+        );
+        let pre_heal_replacement = replacement_recovery_status(&cluster).await?;
+        assert_eq!(
+            pre_heal_replacement["cluster"]["records"].as_array().map(Vec::len),
+            Some(0),
+            "isolated target must not retain an automatic replacement generation: {pre_heal_replacement}"
+        );
+
+        let heal_body = r#"{"recursive":true,"dryRun":false,"remove":false,"recreate":true,"scanMode":2,"updateParity":false,"nolock":false}"#;
+        let heal_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/heal/?forceStart=true", cluster.nodes[0].url);
+        let heal_start_body = signed_admin_post(&heal_url, Some(heal_body), &cluster.access_key, &cluster.secret_key).await?;
+        let heal_start: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&heal_start_body)
+            .map_err(|err| format!("heal start response is not JSON ({err}): {heal_start_body}"))?;
+        let client_token = heal_start["clientToken"]
+            .as_str()
+            .filter(|token| !token.is_empty())
+            .ok_or_else(|| format!("heal start response has no client token: {heal_start}"))?;
+        let task_status_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/heal/?clientToken={client_token}", cluster.nodes[0].url);
+
+        let partial_timeout_secs = std::env::var("RUSTFS_HEAL_CHAOS_PARTIAL_TIMEOUT_SECS")
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|value| value.parse::<u64>().ok())
+            .unwrap_or(60);
+        let partial_deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(partial_timeout_secs);
+        let pre_interrupt_status = loop {
+            let status_body = signed_admin_post(&status_url, None, &cluster.access_key, &cluster.secret_key).await?;
+            let active_status: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&status_body)
+                .map_err(|err| format!("background heal status is not JSON ({err}): {status_body}"))?;
+            if only_admin_heal_is_active(&active_status) {
+                break active_status;
+            }
+            if Instant::now() >= partial_deadline {
+                return Err(format!("root heal never became active within {partial_timeout_secs}s: {active_status}").into());
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(50)).await;
+        };
+        let partial_count = loop {
+            let matching = matching_manifest_count(&replaced_disk, bucket, &expected_manifests)?;
+            if matching > 0 && matching < expected_manifests.len() {
+                break matching;
+            }
+            if matching == expected_manifests.len() {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "root heal rebuilt all {} baseline objects before the target could be interrupted",
+                    expected_manifests.len()
+                )
+                .into());
+            }
+            if Instant::now() >= partial_deadline {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "root heal made no observable partial progress on the replacement target within {partial_timeout_secs}s"
+                )
+                .into());
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await;
+        };
+        info!(
+            event = "heal_restart_checkpoint",
+            component = "e2e_test",
+            subsystem = "heal",
+            partial_count,
+            "Verified unique admin owner before target interruption"
+        );
+
+        cluster.stop_node(1)?;
+        let stopped_count = matching_manifest_count(&replaced_disk, bucket, &expected_manifests)?;
+        assert!(
+            stopped_count > 0 && stopped_count < expected_manifests.len(),
+            "the target must stop after a partial rebuild, observed before stop={partial_count}, after stop={stopped_count}, total={}",
+            expected_manifests.len()
+        );
+        let unclean_shutdown_marker = replaced_disk.join(".rustfs.sys").join("unclean-shutdown");
+        match std::fs::remove_file(&unclean_shutdown_marker) {
+            Ok(()) => {}
+            Err(error) if error.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
+            Err(error) => {
+                return Err(format!("failed to isolate unclean recovery marker {unclean_shutdown_marker:?}: {error}").into());
+            }
+        }
+        cluster.start_node(1).await?;
+
+        let heal_timeout_secs = std::env::var("RUSTFS_HEAL_REPLACED_DISK_TIMEOUT_SECS")
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|value| value.parse::<u64>().ok())
+            .unwrap_or(180);
+        let heal_deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(heal_timeout_secs);
+        loop {
+            if metadata_count(&replaced_disk, bucket, &expected_manifests) == expected_manifests.len()
+                && object_metadata_exists_on_disk(&replaced_disk, bucket, outage_key)
+            {
+                let matching = matching_manifest_count(&replaced_disk, bucket, &expected_manifests)?;
+                let outage_census = census_object_version_on_disk(&replaced_disk, bucket, outage_key, None)?;
+                if matching == expected_manifests.len() && outage_census.is_complete() {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if Instant::now() >= heal_deadline {
+                let matching = matching_manifest_count(&replaced_disk, bucket, &expected_manifests)?;
+                let outage_census = census_object_version_on_disk(&replaced_disk, bucket, outage_key, None)?;
+                let final_status = signed_admin_post(&status_url, None, &cluster.access_key, &cluster.secret_key)
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|err| format!("status request failed: {err}"));
+                let task_status = match timeout(
+                    Duration::from_secs(5),
+                    signed_admin_post(&task_status_url, None, &cluster.access_key, &cluster.secret_key),
+                )
+                .await
+                {
+                    Ok(Ok(body)) => heal_task_status_diagnostic(&body),
+                    Ok(Err(err)) => format!("task status request failed: {err}"),
+                    Err(_) => "task status request exceeded 5s diagnostic budget".to_string(),
+                };
+                let replacement_status = match timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), replacement_recovery_status(&cluster)).await {
+                    Ok(Ok(status)) => status.to_string(),
+                    Ok(Err(err)) => format!("replacement status request failed: {err}"),
+                    Err(_) => "replacement status request exceeded 5s diagnostic budget".to_string(),
+                };
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "root heal did not resume after target restart within {heal_timeout_secs}s: baseline={matching}/{}, outage={outage_census:?}, status={final_status}, task_status={task_status}, pre_interrupt_status={pre_interrupt_status}, pre_heal_replacement={pre_heal_replacement}, replacement_status={replacement_status}",
+                    expected_manifests.len()
+                )
+                .into());
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(250)).await;
+        }
+
+        for expected in &expected_manifests {
+            let actual = census_object_version_on_disk(&replaced_disk, bucket, &expected.key, None)?;
+            assert!(
+                actual.matches_manifest(&expected.shard_census),
+                "rebuilt target shard differs from its baseline for {}: {actual:?}",
+                expected.key
+            );
+        }
+        let outage_census = census_object_version_on_disk(&replaced_disk, bucket, outage_key, None)?;
+        assert!(
+            outage_census.is_complete(),
+            "outage object must have a complete target shard: {outage_census:?}"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            outage_census.erasure_index,
+            Some(expected_outage_target_erasure_index),
+            "the outage object must be rebuilt into its own missing erasure slot"
+        );
+
+        let target_client = cluster.create_s3_client(1)?;
+        for expected in &expected_manifests {
+            let response = target_client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key(&expected.key).send().await?;
+            let actual = response.body.collect().await?.into_bytes();
+            let expected_body = deterministic_object_body(object_size_bytes, expected.payload_seed);
+            assert_eq!(actual.as_ref(), expected_body.as_slice(), "object body changed for {}", expected.key);
+        }
+        let response = target_client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key(outage_key).send().await?;
+        let actual = response.body.collect().await?.into_bytes();
+        let expected_outage_body = deterministic_object_body(object_size_bytes, outage_payload_seed);
+        assert_eq!(actual.as_ref(), expected_outage_body.as_slice(), "object body changed for {outage_key}");
+
+        let terminal_deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(30);
+        loop {
+            let status_body = signed_admin_post(&status_url, None, &cluster.access_key, &cluster.secret_key).await?;
+            let status: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&status_body)
+                .map_err(|err| format!("background heal status is not JSON ({err}): {status_body}"))?;
+            if cluster_heal_is_idle(&status) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if Instant::now() >= terminal_deadline {
+                return Err(format!("heal data rebuilt but operations did not converge to terminal idle: {status}").into());
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(250)).await;
+        }
+
+        let task_status_body = signed_admin_post(&task_status_url, None, &cluster.access_key, &cluster.secret_key).await?;
+        let task_status: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&task_status_body)
+            .map_err(|err| format!("heal task status is not JSON ({err}): {task_status_body}"))?;
+        if task_status["summary"].as_str() != Some("finished") {
+            return Err(format!("heal data rebuilt but task did not finish successfully: {task_status}").into());
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    /// Issue #5850: `background-heal/status` must answer while a peer is down.
    ///
    /// Exercises the production path in `read_cluster_heal_status` end to end,
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
 //! Four-node EC regression gate for inline storage and the inline GET reader.
 //!
 //! The storage decision is based on shard bytes (256 KiB / 32 KiB objects for
-//! the default EC 2+2 geometry), while the GET fast path has its own object-size
-//! limits (128 KiB / 16 KiB). A local OTLP/HTTP collector observes the existing
-//! reader-path counter without adding a scrape endpoint or production logging.
+//! the default EC 2+2 geometry), and the GET fast path follows the persisted
+//! inline marker. A local OTLP/HTTP collector observes the existing reader-path
+//! counter without adding a scrape endpoint or production logging.
 //! One S3 GET can select readers on multiple EC nodes, so the counter tracks
 //! distributed reader selection rather than HTTP request count.

-use crate::common::{RustFSTestClusterEnvironment, RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging, local_http_client};
+use crate::common::{RustFSTestClusterEnvironment, RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging};
 use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
 use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
 };
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use flate2::read::GzDecoder;
-use http::header::{CONTENT_ENCODING, HOST};
+use http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING;
 use http::{Method, Request, Response, StatusCode};
 use http_body_util::{BodyExt, Full};
 use hyper::body::Incoming;
@@ -42,9 +42,6 @@ use opentelemetry_proto::tonic::metrics::v1::{
    Metric, NumberDataPoint, ResourceMetrics, ScopeMetrics, Sum, metric, number_data_point,
 };
 use prost::Message;
-use rustfs_signer::constants::UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD;
-use rustfs_signer::sign_v4;
-use s3s::Body;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::convert::Infallible;
 use std::error::Error;
@@ -92,6 +89,7 @@ const MPU_PART_1_SIZE: usize = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
 const MPU_PART_2_SIZE: usize = 16 * KIB;
 const TIER_BUCKET: &str = "inline-fallback-cold-tier";
 const TIER_PREFIX: &str = "tiered";
+const ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV: &str = "RUSTFS_TIER_RUSTFS_ALLOW_LOOPBACK_ENDPOINT";
 const MSGPACK_FALLBACK_CONTROL_SERIES: [(&str, &str); 4] = [
    (FALLBACK_REQUEST_DIRECTION, "ReadMultipleReq"),
    (FALLBACK_RESPONSE_DIRECTION, "ReadMultipleResp"),
@@ -794,12 +792,12 @@ fn metric_attribute(key: &str, value: &str) -> KeyValue {
 }

 fn boundary_cases(state: VersionState) -> Vec<BoundaryCase> {
-    let (fast_limit, storage_limit) = match state {
-        VersionState::Enabled => (16 * KIB, 32 * KIB),
-        VersionState::Unversioned => (128 * KIB, 256 * KIB),
+    let storage_limit = match state {
+        VersionState::Enabled => 32 * KIB,
+        VersionState::Unversioned => 256 * KIB,
        // A suspended bucket stores its null version using the unversioned
        // shard threshold, while ObjectInfo keeps version-aware GET semantics.
-        VersionState::Suspended => (16 * KIB, 256 * KIB),
+        VersionState::Suspended => 256 * KIB,
    };
    let mut sizes = vec![0, 16 * KIB - 1, 16 * KIB, 16 * KIB + 1, 32 * KIB - 1, 32 * KIB, 32 * KIB + 1];
    if !matches!(state, VersionState::Enabled) {
@@ -820,7 +818,7 @@ fn boundary_cases(state: VersionState) -> Vec<BoundaryCase> {
            stored_inline: size <= storage_limit,
            expected_reader_path: if size == 0 {
                EMPTY
-            } else if size <= fast_limit {
+            } else if size <= storage_limit {
                INLINE_DIRECT
            } else {
                LEGACY_DUPLEX
@@ -1262,6 +1260,8 @@ async fn put_two_part_multipart(client: &Client, bucket: &str, key: &str) -> Tes
    Ok((body, part2, complete.e_tag().map(str::to_owned)))
 }

+/// Thin wrapper over [`crate::common::admin_request`], kept local so the call
+/// sites below keep their `Option<&str>` body shape.
 async fn signed_admin_request(
    base_url: &str,
    method: Method,
@@ -1270,30 +1270,7 @@ async fn signed_admin_request(
    access_key: &str,
    secret_key: &str,
 ) -> TestResult<(reqwest::StatusCode, String)> {
-    let url = format!("{base_url}{path}");
-    let uri = url.parse::<http::Uri>()?;
-    let authority = uri.authority().ok_or("request URL missing authority")?.to_string();
-    let body_bytes = body.map(|value| value.as_bytes().to_vec()).unwrap_or_default();
-
-    let request = http::Request::builder()
-        .method(method.clone())
-        .uri(uri)
-        .header(HOST, authority)
-        .header("x-amz-content-sha256", UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD);
-    let signed = sign_v4(request.body(Body::empty())?, 0, access_key, secret_key, "", "us-east-1");
-
-    let client = local_http_client();
-    let mut request_builder = client.request(method, url.as_str());
-    for (name, value) in signed.headers() {
-        request_builder = request_builder.header(name, value);
-    }
-    if !body_bytes.is_empty() {
-        request_builder = request_builder.body(body_bytes);
-    }
-    let response = request_builder.send().await?;
-    let status = response.status();
-    let text = response.text().await?;
-    Ok((status, text))
+    crate::common::admin_request(base_url, method, path, body.map(str::to_string), access_key, secret_key).await
 }

 fn unique_tier_name() -> String {
@@ -2124,6 +2101,7 @@ async fn four_node_add_tier_converges() -> TestResult {
    cold.create_s3_client().create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(4).await?;
+    hot.set_env(ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV, "true");
    hot.start().await?;

    let tier_name = unique_tier_name();
@@ -2142,6 +2120,7 @@ async fn four_node_add_tier_converges_after_offline_node_restart_without_second_
    cold.create_s3_client().create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(4).await?;
+    hot.set_env(ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV, "true");
    hot.start().await?;

    let tier_name = unique_tier_name();
@@ -2238,6 +2217,7 @@ async fn four_node_manual_transition_distributed_admission_conflict_reports_stat
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(4).await?;
+    hot.set_env(ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV, "true");
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false");
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600");
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_MAX_TRANSITION_WORKERS", "1");
@@ -2380,6 +2360,7 @@ async fn four_node_manual_transition_rollout_non_empty_restart_readback() -> Tes
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(4).await?;
+    hot.set_env(ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV, "true");
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false");
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600");
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_MAX_TRANSITION_WORKERS", "2");
@@ -2484,6 +2465,7 @@ async fn four_node_mixed_msgpack_compat_mode_preserves_fallback_controls_during_

    let collector = OtlpMetricCollector::start().await?;
    let mut hot = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(4).await?;
+    hot.set_env(ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV, "true");
    configure_mixed_msgpack_cluster(&mut hot, &collector)?;
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "1");
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_ILM_PROCESS_TIME", "1");
@@ -2595,6 +2577,7 @@ async fn four_node_transitioned_inline_fallback() -> TestResult {

    let collector = OtlpMetricCollector::start().await?;
    let mut hot = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(4).await?;
+    hot.set_env(ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV, "true");
    configure_reader_metric_cluster(&mut hot, &collector);
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "1");
    hot.set_env("RUSTFS_ILM_PROCESS_TIME", "1");
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@

 use super::common::{
    LocalKMSTestEnvironment, VAULT_KEY_NAME, VaultTestEnvironment, configure_kms, get_kms_status, kms_admin_request, start_kms,
+    test_sse_kms_encryption,
 };
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
 use aws_sdk_s3::types::{BucketVersioningStatus, ServerSideEncryption, VersioningConfiguration};
@@ -431,6 +432,38 @@ async fn test_configured_local_kms_admin_and_versioned_cleanup() -> TestResult {
    Ok(())
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_admin_configured_local_kms_is_restored_after_restart() -> TestResult {
+    let mut env = LocalKMSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    env.base_env.start_rustfs_server(Vec::new()).await?;
+
+    let default_key_id = env.configure_local_kms().await?;
+    start_kms(&env.base_env.url, &env.base_env.access_key, &env.base_env.secret_key).await?;
+
+    env.base_env.restart_server_preserving_data(Vec::new(), &[]).await?;
+    assert_configured_status(
+        &env.base_env.url,
+        &env.base_env.access_key,
+        &env.base_env.secret_key,
+        "local",
+        &default_key_id,
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    let bucket = format!("kms-restart-{}", Uuid::new_v4());
+    env.base_env.create_test_bucket(&bucket).await?;
+    let client = env.base_env.create_s3_client();
+    test_sse_kms_encryption(&client, &bucket).await?;
+    client
+        .delete_object()
+        .bucket(&bucket)
+        .key("test-sse-kms-object")
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    env.base_env.delete_test_bucket(&bucket).await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_configured_vault_kms_admin_and_versioned_cleanup() -> TestResult {
    let mut env = VaultTestEnvironment::new().await?;
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ const SURVIVOR_KEY: &str = "keep/object.bin";
 const TIER_NAME: &str = "KMSCOLD";
 const TIER_BUCKET: &str = "kms-ilm-cold-tier";
 const TIER_PREFIX: &str = "tiered";
+const ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV: (&str, &str) = ("RUSTFS_TIER_RUSTFS_ALLOW_LOOPBACK_ENDPOINT", "true");
 const TRANSITION_BUCKET: &str = "kms-ilm-transition";
 const TRANSITION_KEY: &str = "tier/object.bin";

@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ const ILM_DEADLINE: StdDuration = StdDuration::from_secs(90);
 /// `--kms-default-key-id`, insecure dev defaults). The lifecycle env matches
 /// `reliant/lifecycle.rs::fast_lifecycle_env` plus `RUSTFS_ILM_DEBUG_DAY_SECS=2`,
 /// so a `Days=1` rule is due about two seconds after the write.
-async fn start_enforcing_ilm_server(env: &mut LocalKMSTestEnvironment) -> TestResult {
+async fn start_enforcing_ilm_server(env: &mut LocalKMSTestEnvironment, extra_env: &[(&str, &str)]) -> TestResult {
    create_key_with_specific_id(&env.kms_keys_dir, SSE_KEY).await?;

    let key_dir = env.kms_keys_dir.clone();
@@ -94,13 +95,14 @@ async fn start_enforcing_ilm_server(env: &mut LocalKMSTestEnvironment) -> TestRe
        SSE_KEY,
    ];

-    let envs = [
+    let mut envs = vec![
        ("RUSTFS_KMS_ALLOW_INSECURE_DEV_DEFAULTS", "true"),
        ("RUSTFS_KMS_ENFORCE_SSE_KEY_POLICY", "true"),
        ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "1"),
        ("RUSTFS_ILM_PROCESS_TIME", "1"),
        ("RUSTFS_ILM_DEBUG_DAY_SECS", "2"),
    ];
+    envs.extend_from_slice(extra_env);

    env.base_env.start_rustfs_server_with_env(args, &envs).await?;
    Ok(())
@@ -427,7 +429,7 @@ async fn ilm_expiration_on_sse_kms_bucket_under_enforcement() -> TestResult {
    init_logging();

    let mut env = LocalKMSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    start_enforcing_ilm_server(&mut env).await?;
+    start_enforcing_ilm_server(&mut env, &[]).await?;
    env.base_env.create_test_bucket(EXPIRY_BUCKET).await?;

    let client = env.base_env.create_s3_client();
@@ -499,7 +501,7 @@ async fn ilm_transition_on_sse_kms_bucket_under_enforcement_reads_back() -> Test

    // Hot server: Local KMS + enforcement + accelerated lifecycle clock.
    let mut env = LocalKMSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    start_enforcing_ilm_server(&mut env).await?;
+    start_enforcing_ilm_server(&mut env, &[ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV]).await?;
    let hot_client = env.base_env.create_s3_client();

    add_rustfs_tier(&env.base_env, &cold.base_env).await?;
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ mod copy_object_version_restore_sse_test;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod configured_roundtrip_test;

+#[cfg(test)]
+mod select_sse_response_test;
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod kms_anonymous_enforcement_test;

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+// Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! SelectObjectContent SSE response-header compatibility (backlog#1625).
+
+use super::common::{LocalKMSTestEnvironment, sse_customer_key_md5_base64, start_kms};
+use crate::common::signed_s3_request_with_headers;
+use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
+use aws_sdk_s3::types::ServerSideEncryption;
+use base64_simd::STANDARD as BASE64;
+use http::{HeaderMap, Method};
+use std::error::Error;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+type TestResult<T = ()> = Result<T, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>;
+
+const CSV_BODY: &[u8] = b"name\nalice\n";
+const SELECT_BODY: &str = r#"<SelectObjectContentRequest xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
+<Expression>SELECT * FROM S3Object</Expression>
+<ExpressionType>SQL</ExpressionType>
+<InputSerialization><CSV><FileHeaderInfo>USE</FileHeaderInfo></CSV></InputSerialization>
+<OutputSerialization><CSV/></OutputSerialization>
+</SelectObjectContentRequest>"#;
+const KMS_CONTEXT: &str = "eyJ0ZW5hbnQiOiJzMy1zZWxlY3QifQ==";
+const SSE_ALGORITHM: &str = "x-amz-server-side-encryption";
+const SSE_KMS_KEY_ID: &str = "x-amz-server-side-encryption-aws-kms-key-id";
+const SSE_KMS_CONTEXT: &str = "x-amz-server-side-encryption-context";
+const SSE_C_ALGORITHM: &str = "x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-algorithm";
+const SSE_C_KEY: &str = "x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key";
+const SSE_C_KEY_MD5: &str = "x-amz-server-side-encryption-customer-key-md5";
+const LOG_FLUSH_SENTINEL: &str = "select-sse-log-flush-sentinel.csv";
+
+async fn raw_select(
+    env: &crate::common::RustFSTestEnvironment,
+    bucket: &str,
+    object: &str,
+    request_headers: &HeaderMap,
+) -> TestResult<reqwest::Response> {
+    let url = format!("{}/{bucket}/{object}?select&select-type=2", env.url);
+    signed_s3_request_with_headers(
+        Method::POST,
+        &url,
+        Some(SELECT_BODY.to_string()),
+        Some("application/xml"),
+        &env.access_key,
+        &env.secret_key,
+        request_headers,
+    )
+    .await
+}
+
+async fn assert_success_headers(response: reqwest::Response, expected: &[(&str, &str)], absent: &[&str]) -> TestResult {
+    if response.status() != reqwest::StatusCode::OK {
+        let status = response.status();
+        let url = response.url().clone();
+        let body = response.text().await?;
+        panic!("Select request to {url} failed with {status}: {body}");
+    }
+    for (name, value) in expected {
+        assert_eq!(response.headers().get(*name).and_then(|header| header.to_str().ok()), Some(*value));
+    }
+    for name in absent {
+        assert!(response.headers().get(*name).is_none(), "successful Select response must omit {name}");
+    }
+    let body = response.bytes().await?;
+    assert!(
+        body.windows(b"alice".len()).any(|window| window == b"alice"),
+        "successful Select response must contain a Records event with the selected row"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        body.windows(b"End".len()).any(|window| window == b"End"),
+        "successful Select response must contain the terminal End event"
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn assert_pre_stream_failure(response: reqwest::Response) -> TestResult {
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), reqwest::StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+    let body = response.text().await?;
+    assert!(body.contains("<Error>"), "pre-stream failure must return an S3 XML error: {body}");
+    assert!(
+        body.contains("<Code>InvalidRequest</Code>"),
+        "invalid SSE-C parameters must preserve the S3 error code: {body}"
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn put_object(
+    client: &aws_sdk_s3::Client,
+    bucket: &str,
+    object: &str,
+) -> aws_sdk_s3::operation::put_object::builders::PutObjectFluentBuilder {
+    client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key(object)
+        .body(ByteStream::from_static(CSV_BODY))
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn select_projects_encryption_headers_and_rejects_invalid_sse_c_before_streaming() -> TestResult {
+    let mut kms = LocalKMSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    let log_path = format!("{}/server.log", kms.base_env.temp_dir);
+    kms.base_env.capture_log_path = Some(log_path.clone());
+    kms.base_env
+        .start_rustfs_server_with_env(Vec::new(), &[("RUST_LOG", "s3s=debug,rustfs=info")])
+        .await?;
+    let key_id = kms.configure_local_kms().await?;
+    start_kms(&kms.base_env.url, &kms.base_env.access_key, &kms.base_env.secret_key).await?;
+
+    let client = kms.base_env.create_s3_client();
+    let bucket = format!("select-sse-{}", Uuid::new_v4().simple());
+    client.create_bucket().bucket(&bucket).send().await?;
+
+    put_object(&client, &bucket, "plain.csv").send().await?;
+    put_object(&client, &bucket, "sse-s3.csv")
+        .server_side_encryption(ServerSideEncryption::Aes256)
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    put_object(&client, &bucket, "sse-kms.csv")
+        .server_side_encryption(ServerSideEncryption::AwsKms)
+        .ssekms_key_id(&key_id)
+        .ssekms_encryption_context(KMS_CONTEXT)
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    let customer_key = "01234567890123456789012345678901";
+    let customer_key_b64 = BASE64.encode_to_string(customer_key);
+    let customer_key_md5 = sse_customer_key_md5_base64(customer_key);
+    put_object(&client, &bucket, "sse-c.csv")
+        .sse_customer_algorithm("AES256")
+        .sse_customer_key(&customer_key_b64)
+        .sse_customer_key_md5(&customer_key_md5)
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    assert_success_headers(
+        raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "plain.csv", &HeaderMap::new()).await?,
+        &[],
+        &[
+            SSE_ALGORITHM,
+            SSE_KMS_KEY_ID,
+            SSE_KMS_CONTEXT,
+            SSE_C_ALGORITHM,
+            SSE_C_KEY,
+            SSE_C_KEY_MD5,
+        ],
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_success_headers(
+        raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "sse-s3.csv", &HeaderMap::new()).await?,
+        &[(SSE_ALGORITHM, "AES256")],
+        &[SSE_KMS_KEY_ID, SSE_KMS_CONTEXT, SSE_C_ALGORITHM, SSE_C_KEY, SSE_C_KEY_MD5],
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_success_headers(
+        raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "sse-kms.csv", &HeaderMap::new()).await?,
+        &[
+            (SSE_ALGORITHM, "aws:kms"),
+            (SSE_KMS_KEY_ID, &key_id),
+            (SSE_KMS_CONTEXT, KMS_CONTEXT),
+        ],
+        &[SSE_C_ALGORITHM, SSE_C_KEY, SSE_C_KEY_MD5],
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    let mut sse_c_headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    sse_c_headers.insert(SSE_C_ALGORITHM, "AES256".parse()?);
+    sse_c_headers.insert(SSE_C_KEY, customer_key_b64.parse()?);
+    sse_c_headers.insert(SSE_C_KEY_MD5, customer_key_md5.parse()?);
+    assert_success_headers(
+        raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "sse-c.csv", &sse_c_headers).await?,
+        &[(SSE_C_ALGORITHM, "AES256"), (SSE_C_KEY_MD5, &customer_key_md5)],
+        &[SSE_ALGORITHM, SSE_KMS_KEY_ID, SSE_KMS_CONTEXT, SSE_C_KEY],
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    assert_pre_stream_failure(raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "sse-c.csv", &HeaderMap::new()).await?).await?;
+
+    let mut missing_algorithm_headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    missing_algorithm_headers.insert(SSE_C_KEY, customer_key_b64.parse()?);
+    missing_algorithm_headers.insert(SSE_C_KEY_MD5, customer_key_md5.parse()?);
+    assert_pre_stream_failure(raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "sse-c.csv", &missing_algorithm_headers).await?).await?;
+
+    let mut wrong_algorithm_headers = sse_c_headers.clone();
+    wrong_algorithm_headers.insert(SSE_C_ALGORITHM, "AES128".parse()?);
+    assert_pre_stream_failure(raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "sse-c.csv", &wrong_algorithm_headers).await?).await?;
+
+    let wrong_md5 = sse_customer_key_md5_base64("99999999999999999999999999999999");
+    let mut wrong_md5_headers = sse_c_headers.clone();
+    wrong_md5_headers.insert(SSE_C_KEY_MD5, wrong_md5.parse()?);
+    assert_pre_stream_failure(raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "sse-c.csv", &wrong_md5_headers).await?).await?;
+
+    let wrong_key = "99999999999999999999999999999999";
+    let wrong_key_b64 = BASE64.encode_to_string(wrong_key);
+    let mut wrong_key_headers = HeaderMap::new();
+    wrong_key_headers.insert(SSE_C_ALGORITHM, "AES256".parse()?);
+    wrong_key_headers.insert(SSE_C_KEY, wrong_key_b64.parse()?);
+    wrong_key_headers.insert(SSE_C_KEY_MD5, wrong_md5.parse()?);
+    assert_pre_stream_failure(raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, "sse-c.csv", &wrong_key_headers).await?).await?;
+
+    put_object(&client, &bucket, LOG_FLUSH_SENTINEL).send().await?;
+    assert_success_headers(
+        raw_select(&kms.base_env, &bucket, LOG_FLUSH_SENTINEL, &HeaderMap::new()).await?,
+        &[],
+        &[
+            SSE_ALGORITHM,
+            SSE_KMS_KEY_ID,
+            SSE_KMS_CONTEXT,
+            SSE_C_ALGORITHM,
+            SSE_C_KEY,
+            SSE_C_KEY_MD5,
+        ],
+    )
+    .await?;
+    let mut logs = String::new();
+    for _ in 0..100 {
+        logs = tokio::fs::read_to_string(&log_path).await?;
+        if logs.contains(LOG_FLUSH_SENTINEL) {
+            break;
+        }
+        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(50)).await;
+    }
+    assert!(logs.contains(LOG_FLUSH_SENTINEL), "timed out waiting for the log sink to flush");
+    for secret in [customer_key, customer_key_b64.as_str(), wrong_key, wrong_key_b64.as_str()] {
+        assert!(!logs.contains(secret), "Select request logging leaked SSE-C customer key material");
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ mod get_codec_streaming_compat_test;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod version_id_regression_test;

+#[cfg(test)]
+mod select_request_root_alias_test;
+
 // Pinned previous-release -> current-build on-disk compatibility.
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod upgrade_compatibility_test;
@@ -164,6 +167,10 @@ mod delete_objects_versioning_test;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod delete_object_no_content_length_test;

+// Regression test for signed empty PutObject requests without Content-Length.
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod put_object_no_content_length_test;
+
 // Delete-marker visibility baseline for data-movement migration proof.
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod delete_marker_migration_semantics_test;
@@ -341,6 +348,11 @@ mod delete_regression_test;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod listing_regression_test;

+// Cluster regression: objects committed at degraded write quorum must stay
+// listable while a different drive is offline (CI run 33478999853).
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod degraded_listing_availability_test;
+
 // P1 regression: bucket statistics accuracy (rustfs#5615, #5008, #5116, #5055, #3898, #1012)
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod bucket_stats_regression_test;
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 //! Regression coverage for anonymous access on multipart control APIs.

 use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging, local_http_client};
-use async_compression::tokio::write::{BzEncoder, XzEncoder};
+use async_compression::tokio::write::{BzEncoder, Lz4Encoder, XzEncoder};
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::{ProvideErrorMetadata, SdkError};
 use aws_sdk_s3::operation::head_object::HeadObjectOutput;
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
    ServerSideEncryption, ServerSideEncryptionByDefault, ServerSideEncryptionConfiguration, ServerSideEncryptionRule,
 };
 use chrono::{Duration as ChronoDuration, Utc};
-use flate2::{Compression, write::GzEncoder};
+use flate2::{
+    Compression,
+    write::{GzEncoder, ZlibEncoder},
+};
 use http::HeaderValue;
 use http::header::{CONTENT_TYPE, HOST};
 use md5::{Digest as Md5Digest, Md5};
@@ -187,6 +190,12 @@ fn gzip_bytes(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    encoder.finish().expect("gzip encoder should finish")
 }

+fn zlib_bytes(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut encoder = ZlibEncoder::new(Vec::new(), Compression::default());
+    encoder.write_all(data).expect("zlib encoder should accept input");
+    encoder.finish().expect("zlib encoder should finish")
+}
+
 fn zstd_bytes(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut encoder = zstd::Encoder::new(Vec::new(), 0).expect("zstd encoder should initialize");
    encoder.write_all(data).expect("zstd encoder should accept input");
@@ -209,6 +218,45 @@ async fn xz_bytes(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
    encoder.into_inner().into_inner()
 }

+async fn lz4_bytes(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let cursor = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+    let mut encoder = Lz4Encoder::new(cursor);
+    encoder.write_all(data).await.expect("LZ4 encoder should accept input");
+    encoder.shutdown().await.expect("LZ4 encoder should finish");
+    encoder.into_inner().into_inner()
+}
+
+/// Encode the S2 framed stream shape emitted by minio-go PutObjectsSnowball
+/// with `Compress: true`: 1 MiB independent blocks, better compression,
+/// masked CRC-32C, and the `S2sTwO` stream identifier.
+fn minio_go_snowball_s2_bytes(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    const BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 1 << 20;
+    const CHECKSUM_SIZE: usize = 4;
+
+    let mut output = b"\xff\x06\x00\x00S2sTwO".to_vec();
+    let mut encoder = minlz::Encoder::new();
+    for block in data.chunks(BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        let compressed = encoder.encode_better(block);
+        let compressed_limit = block.len().saturating_sub(block.len() / 32).saturating_sub(5);
+        let (chunk_type, payload) = if compressed.len() <= compressed_limit {
+            (0x00, compressed.as_slice())
+        } else {
+            (0x01, block)
+        };
+        let chunk_len = payload.len() + CHECKSUM_SIZE;
+        assert!(chunk_len < 1 << 24, "S2 fixture chunk must fit the 24-bit frame length");
+        output.extend_from_slice(&[
+            chunk_type,
+            (chunk_len & 0xff) as u8,
+            ((chunk_len >> 8) & 0xff) as u8,
+            ((chunk_len >> 16) & 0xff) as u8,
+        ]);
+        output.extend_from_slice(&minlz::crc::crc(block).to_le_bytes());
+        output.extend_from_slice(payload);
+    }
+    output
+}
+
 fn assert_s3_error_code<T, E>(result: Result<T, SdkError<E>>, code: &str)
 where
    T: std::fmt::Debug,
@@ -3456,6 +3504,62 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_expands_tar_entries_with_prefix_headers(
    Ok(())
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_ignore_dirs_skips_unauthorized_directory()
+-> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    init_logging();
+
+    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+    let bucket = "signed-extract-ignore-dirs-auth";
+    let archive_key = "bundle.tar";
+    let allowed_member = "allowed/member.txt";
+    let denied_directory = "denied/";
+    let username = "snowball-ignore-dirs";
+    let secret_key = "snowball-ignore-dirs-secret";
+    let expected_body = b"allowed-body";
+
+    let admin_client = env.create_s3_client();
+    admin_client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+    create_restricted_user(&env, username, secret_key).await?;
+
+    let policy = serde_json::json!({
+        "Version": "2012-10-17",
+        "Statement": [{
+            "Effect": "Allow",
+            "Principal": { "AWS": [username] },
+            "Action": ["s3:PutObject"],
+            "Resource": [
+                format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/{archive_key}"),
+                format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/{allowed_member}")
+            ]
+        }]
+    })
+    .to_string();
+    admin_client.put_bucket_policy().bucket(bucket).policy(policy).send().await?;
+
+    let restricted_client = restricted_user_client(&env, username, secret_key);
+    let tar_bytes = make_tar(&[(allowed_member, expected_body)], &[denied_directory]).await;
+    restricted_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key(archive_key)
+        .body(ByteStream::from(tar_bytes))
+        .customize()
+        .mutate_request(|req| {
+            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
+            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-ignore-dirs", "true");
+        })
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    let stored = admin_client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key(allowed_member).send().await?;
+    assert_eq!(stored.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), expected_body);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_preserves_request_metadata_on_extracted_objects()
 -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
@@ -4185,6 +4289,60 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_returns_archive_etag() -> Result<(), Box
    Ok(())
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_expands_s2_and_lz4_by_magic_with_raw_etags()
+-> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    init_logging();
+
+    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+    let bucket = "signed-extract-magic-codecs";
+    let client = env.create_s3_client();
+    client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+
+    let s2_tar = make_tar(&[("s2/object.txt", b"s2-body")], &[]).await;
+    let s2_archive = minio_go_snowball_s2_bytes(&s2_tar);
+    let expected_s2_etag = format!("\"{}\"", md5_hex(&s2_archive));
+    let s2_response = client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        // minio-go intentionally uploads a compressed S2 stream with a .tar key.
+        .key("snowball-upload-0123456789abcdef.tar")
+        .body(ByteStream::from(s2_archive))
+        .customize()
+        .mutate_request(|req| {
+            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
+        })
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(s2_response.e_tag(), Some(expected_s2_etag.as_str()));
+
+    let s2_object = client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key("s2/object.txt").send().await?;
+    assert_eq!(s2_object.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"s2-body");
+
+    let lz4_tar = make_tar(&[("lz4/object.txt", b"lz4-body")], &[]).await;
+    let lz4_archive = lz4_bytes(&lz4_tar).await;
+    let expected_lz4_etag = format!("\"{}\"", md5_hex(&lz4_archive));
+    let lz4_response = client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("also-looks-like-a-plain.tar")
+        .body(ByteStream::from(lz4_archive))
+        .customize()
+        .mutate_request(|req| {
+            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
+        })
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(lz4_response.e_tag(), Some(expected_lz4_etag.as_str()));
+
+    let lz4_object = client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key("lz4/object.txt").send().await?;
+    assert_eq!(lz4_object.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"lz4-body");
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_preserves_entry_mtime() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
    init_logging();
@@ -4309,9 +4467,15 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_authorizes_each_pax_privilege_and_retent
    let context_archive_resources = [
        format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/tag-context.tar"),
        format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/lock-context.tar"),
+        format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/legal-hold-context.tar"),
+        format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/user-agent-bypass.tar"),
+        format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/sse-bypass.tar"),
    ];
    let tag_entry_resource = format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/tag-context-entry.txt");
    let lock_entry_resource = format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/lock-context-entry.txt");
+    let legal_hold_entry_resource = format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/legal-hold-context-entry.txt");
+    let user_agent_entry_resource = format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/user-agent-bypass-entry.txt");
+    let sse_entry_resource = format!("arn:aws:s3:::{bucket}/sse-bypass-entry.txt");
    let policy = serde_json::json!({
        "Version": "2012-10-17",
        "Statement": [
@@ -4371,7 +4535,7 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_authorizes_each_pax_privilege_and_retent
                "Sid": "PaxContextArchives",
                "Effect": "Allow",
                "Principal": { "AWS": [pax_context_user] },
-                "Action": ["s3:PutObject", "s3:PutObjectRetention", "s3:PutObjectTagging"],
+                "Action": ["s3:PutObject", "s3:PutObjectRetention", "s3:PutObjectLegalHold", "s3:PutObjectTagging"],
                "Resource": context_archive_resources
            },
            {
@@ -4411,6 +4575,49 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_authorizes_each_pax_privilege_and_retent
                "Principal": { "AWS": [pax_context_user] },
                "Action": ["s3:PutObjectRetention"],
                "Resource": [lock_entry_resource]
+            },
+            {
+                "Sid": "PaxLegalHoldContextPut",
+                "Effect": "Allow",
+                "Principal": { "AWS": [pax_context_user] },
+                "Action": ["s3:PutObject"],
+                "Resource": [legal_hold_entry_resource.clone()]
+            },
+            {
+                "Sid": "PaxLegalHoldContextAction",
+                "Effect": "Allow",
+                "Principal": { "AWS": [pax_context_user] },
+                "Action": ["s3:PutObjectLegalHold"],
+                "Resource": [legal_hold_entry_resource],
+                "Condition": {
+                    "StringEquals": {
+                        "s3:object-lock-legal-hold": "OFF"
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "Sid": "MemberUserAgentCondition",
+                "Effect": "Allow",
+                "Principal": { "AWS": [pax_context_user] },
+                "Action": ["s3:PutObject"],
+                "Resource": [user_agent_entry_resource],
+                "Condition": {
+                    "StringEquals": {
+                        "aws:UserAgent": "trusted"
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                "Sid": "MemberSseCondition",
+                "Effect": "Allow",
+                "Principal": { "AWS": [pax_context_user] },
+                "Action": ["s3:PutObject"],
+                "Resource": [sse_entry_resource],
+                "Condition": {
+                    "StringEquals": {
+                        "s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption": "AES256"
+                    }
+                }
            }
        ]
    })
@@ -4423,9 +4630,14 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_authorizes_each_pax_privilege_and_retent
    let cases = [
        (
            "legal-hold.tar",
-            put_only_client,
+            put_only_client.clone(),
            HashMap::from([("minio.metadata.x-amz-object-lock-legal-hold", "ON".to_string())]),
        ),
+        (
+            "tagging.tar",
+            put_only_client,
+            HashMap::from([("minio.metadata.x-amz-tagging", "classification=restricted".to_string())]),
+        ),
        (
            "retention-condition.tar",
            conditional_client,
@@ -4512,6 +4724,57 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_authorizes_each_pax_privilege_and_retent
    assert_eq!(stored.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"condition-body");

    let pax_context_client = restricted_user_client(&env, pax_context_user, pax_context_secret);
+    for (archive_key, entry_key, pax_key, injected_value, outer_user_agent) in [
+        (
+            "user-agent-bypass.tar",
+            "user-agent-bypass-entry.txt",
+            "minio.metadata.user-agent",
+            "trusted",
+            Some("untrusted"),
+        ),
+        (
+            "sse-bypass.tar",
+            "sse-bypass-entry.txt",
+            "minio.metadata.x-amz-server-side-encryption",
+            "AES256",
+            None,
+        ),
+    ] {
+        let pax = HashMap::from([(pax_key, injected_value.to_string())]);
+        let archive = make_tar_with_pax_entry(entry_key, b"must-not-write", None, &pax).await;
+        let err = pax_context_client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key(archive_key)
+            .body(ByteStream::from(archive))
+            .customize()
+            .mutate_request(move |req| {
+                req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
+                if let Some(user_agent) = outer_user_agent {
+                    req.headers_mut().insert("user-agent", user_agent);
+                }
+            })
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .expect_err("PAX metadata must not satisfy unrelated IAM request conditions");
+        assert_eq!(
+            err.as_service_error().and_then(|error| error.meta().code()),
+            Some("AccessDenied"),
+            "{archive_key}"
+        );
+        let err = admin_client
+            .head_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key(entry_key)
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .expect_err("a denied PAX member must not be written");
+        assert!(matches!(
+            err.as_service_error().and_then(|error| error.meta().code()),
+            Some("NoSuchKey" | "NotFound")
+        ));
+    }
+
    let tag_pax = HashMap::from([("minio.metadata.x-amz-tagging", "classification=public".to_string())]);
    let archive = make_tar_with_pax_entry("tag-context-entry.txt", b"tag-context-body", None, &tag_pax).await;
    pax_context_client
@@ -4575,6 +4838,34 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_authorizes_each_pax_privilege_and_retent
        pax_retain_until
    );

+    let legal_hold_pax = HashMap::from([("minio.metadata.x-amz-object-lock-legal-hold", "ON".to_string())]);
+    let archive = make_tar_with_pax_entry("legal-hold-context-entry.txt", b"must-not-write", None, &legal_hold_pax).await;
+    let err = pax_context_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("legal-hold-context.tar")
+        .object_lock_legal_hold_status(aws_sdk_s3::types::ObjectLockLegalHoldStatus::Off)
+        .body(ByteStream::from(archive))
+        .customize()
+        .mutate_request(|req| {
+            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
+        })
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("PAX legal hold must replace the outer value in the member IAM condition context");
+    assert_eq!(err.as_service_error().and_then(|error| error.meta().code()), Some("AccessDenied"));
+    let err = admin_client
+        .head_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("legal-hold-context-entry.txt")
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("a denied PAX legal-hold member must not be written");
+    assert!(matches!(
+        err.as_service_error().and_then(|error| error.meta().code()),
+        Some("NoSuchKey" | "NotFound")
+    ));
+
    Ok(())
 }

@@ -5050,8 +5341,8 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_expands_tzst_archive() -> Result<(), Box
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_rejects_missing_archive_extension() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>
-{
+async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_uses_magic_without_requiring_or_trusting_extension()
+-> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
    init_logging();

    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
@@ -5064,8 +5355,7 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_rejects_missing_archive_extension() -> R
    admin_client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;

    let tar_bytes = make_tar(&[("plain.txt", b"plain-body")], &[]).await;
-
-    let result = admin_client
+    admin_client
        .put_object()
        .bucket(bucket)
        .key(archive_key)
@@ -5075,15 +5365,80 @@ async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_rejects_missing_archive_extension() -> R
            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
        })
        .send()
-        .await;
+        .await?;

-    assert_s3_error_code(result, "InvalidArgument");
+    let plain = admin_client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key("plain.txt").send().await?;
+    assert_eq!(plain.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"plain-body");
+
+    let raw_with_gzip_suffix = make_tar(&[("raw-with-wrong-suffix.txt", b"raw-body")], &[]).await;
+    admin_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("raw-but-named.tar.gz")
+        .body(ByteStream::from(raw_with_gzip_suffix))
+        .customize()
+        .mutate_request(|req| {
+            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
+        })
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    let raw = admin_client
+        .get_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("raw-with-wrong-suffix.txt")
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(raw.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"raw-body");
+
+    let gzip_with_tar_suffix = gzip_bytes(&make_tar(&[("gzip-with-wrong-suffix.txt", b"gzip-body")], &[]).await);
+    admin_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("gzip-but-named.tar")
+        .body(ByteStream::from(gzip_with_tar_suffix))
+        .customize()
+        .mutate_request(|req| {
+            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
+        })
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    let gzip = admin_client
+        .get_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("gzip-with-wrong-suffix.txt")
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(gzip.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"gzip-body");
+
+    let zlib_archive = zlib_bytes(&make_tar(&[("zlib-extension.txt", b"zlib-body")], &[]).await);
+    admin_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("bundle.zlib")
+        .body(ByteStream::from(zlib_archive))
+        .customize()
+        .mutate_request(|req| {
+            req.headers_mut().insert("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true");
+        })
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    let zlib = admin_client
+        .get_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("zlib-extension.txt")
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(zlib.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"zlib-body");

    Ok(())
 }

 #[tokio::test]
-async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_rejects_invalid_tar_gz_payload() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+async fn test_signed_put_object_extract_rejects_invalid_archive_payload() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>
+{
    init_logging();

    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@
 use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging, local_http_client};
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
-use rustfs_signer::constants::UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD;
+use rustfs_signer::constants::{UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD, UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD_TRAILER};
 use rustfs_signer::request_signature_v4::{SIGN_V4_ALGORITHM, get_scope, get_signature, get_signing_key};
 use std::fmt::Write as _;
+use std::io::Cursor;
 use time::macros::format_description;
 use time::{Duration, OffsetDateTime};
 use tracing::info;
@@ -98,15 +99,37 @@ impl SigV4 {
    /// header AND folded into the canonical request — pass the hash of the
    /// body you *claim* to send, which may differ from what you actually send.
    fn sign(&self, method: &str, path: &str, canonical_query: &str, content_sha256: &str) -> SignedHeaders {
-        let amz_date = amz_datetime(self.time);
-        let signed_headers = "host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date";
+        self.sign_with_extra_headers(method, path, canonical_query, content_sha256, &[])
+    }

-        let canonical_headers = format!(
-            "host:{host}\nx-amz-content-sha256:{sha}\nx-amz-date:{date}\n",
-            host = self.host,
-            sha = content_sha256,
-            date = amz_date,
-        );
+    /// Sign additional request headers while preserving SigV4's lowercase,
+    /// lexicographically sorted canonical-header representation.
+    fn sign_with_extra_headers(
+        &self,
+        method: &str,
+        path: &str,
+        canonical_query: &str,
+        content_sha256: &str,
+        extra_signed_headers: &[(&str, &str)],
+    ) -> SignedHeaders {
+        let amz_date = amz_datetime(self.time);
+        let mut canonical_header_values = vec![
+            ("host", self.host.as_str()),
+            ("x-amz-content-sha256", content_sha256),
+            ("x-amz-date", amz_date.as_str()),
+        ];
+        canonical_header_values.extend(extra_signed_headers.iter().copied());
+        canonical_header_values.sort_unstable_by(|left, right| left.0.cmp(right.0));
+
+        let signed_headers = canonical_header_values
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(name, _)| *name)
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(";");
+        let mut canonical_headers = String::new();
+        for (name, value) in canonical_header_values {
+            let _ = writeln!(canonical_headers, "{name}:{value}");
+        }
        let canonical_request =
            format!("{method}\n{path}\n{canonical_query}\n{canonical_headers}\n{signed_headers}\n{content_sha256}");

@@ -179,6 +202,34 @@ async fn setup(env: &mut RustFSTestEnvironment) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error
    Ok(())
 }

+async fn build_single_member_archive(
+    member_key: &str,
+    member_body: &[u8],
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let mut builder = tokio_tar::Builder::new(Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
+    let mut header = tokio_tar::Header::new_gnu();
+    header.set_size(member_body.len() as u64);
+    header.set_mode(0o644);
+    header.set_cksum();
+    builder.append_data(&mut header, member_key, Cursor::new(member_body)).await?;
+    Ok(builder.into_inner().await?.into_inner())
+}
+
+fn sha256_base64(data: &[u8]) -> String {
+    use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
+
+    base64_simd::STANDARD.encode_to_string(Sha256::digest(data))
+}
+
+fn encode_unsigned_aws_chunked_with_sha256_trailer(decoded: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let checksum = sha256_base64(decoded);
+    let mut encoded = format!("{:x}\r\n", decoded.len()).into_bytes();
+    encoded.extend_from_slice(decoded);
+    encoded.extend_from_slice(b"\r\n0\r\n\r\n");
+    encoded.extend_from_slice(format!("x-amz-checksum-sha256:{checksum}").as_bytes());
+    encoded
+}
+
 /// Positive control: a correctly hand-signed request must succeed. Without
 /// this, every negative assertion below could pass for the wrong reason (a
 /// broken signer that never produces a valid signature).
@@ -249,6 +300,128 @@ async fn tampered_signature_returns_signature_does_not_match() -> Result<(), Box
    Ok(())
 }

+/// `STREAMING-UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD-TRAILER` disables per-chunk signatures, not the
+/// seed/header SigV4 signature. A forged request must be rejected before the
+/// Snowball handler can publish any archive member.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn snowball_streaming_unsigned_trailer_rejects_forged_signature() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    init_logging();
+    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    setup(&mut env).await?;
+
+    let archive_key = "forged-streaming-snowball.tar";
+    let member_key = "must-not-be-published.txt";
+    let archive = build_single_member_archive(member_key, b"forged request payload").await?;
+    let decoded_content_length = archive.len().to_string();
+    let encoded_body = encode_unsigned_aws_chunked_with_sha256_trailer(&archive);
+    let path = format!("/{BUCKET}/{archive_key}");
+
+    let mut signer = SigV4::new(&env);
+    signer.secret_key = "wrong-secret-for-forged-streaming-request".to_string();
+    let extra_signed_headers = [
+        ("content-encoding", "aws-chunked"),
+        ("x-amz-decoded-content-length", decoded_content_length.as_str()),
+        ("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true"),
+        ("x-amz-trailer", "x-amz-checksum-sha256"),
+    ];
+    let headers = signer.sign_with_extra_headers("PUT", &path, "", UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD_TRAILER, &extra_signed_headers);
+
+    let response = local_http_client()
+        .put(format!("{}{}", env.url, path))
+        .header("authorization", &headers.authorization)
+        .header("content-encoding", "aws-chunked")
+        .header("x-amz-content-sha256", &headers.content_sha256)
+        .header("x-amz-date", &headers.amz_date)
+        .header("x-amz-decoded-content-length", &decoded_content_length)
+        .header("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true")
+        .header("x-amz-trailer", "x-amz-checksum-sha256")
+        .body(encoded_body)
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    let status = response.status();
+    let body = response.text().await?;
+    assert_eq!(status.as_u16(), 403, "forged streaming signature must be 403, body:\n{body}");
+    assert_error_code(&body, "SignatureDoesNotMatch");
+
+    let absent = env
+        .create_s3_client()
+        .get_object()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(member_key)
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("a forged streaming request must not publish a Snowball member");
+    assert_eq!(absent.raw_response().map(|response| response.status().as_u16()), Some(404));
+    assert_eq!(absent.as_service_error().and_then(ProvideErrorMetadata::code), Some("NoSuchKey"));
+
+    env.stop_server();
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Snowball must consume the complete aws-chunked body before reading the
+/// trailing checksum exported by s3s into the PutObject response.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn snowball_streaming_unsigned_trailer_returns_sha256_checksum() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    init_logging();
+    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    setup(&mut env).await?;
+
+    let archive_key = "valid-streaming-snowball.tar";
+    let member_key = "streaming-checksum-member.txt";
+    let member_body = b"valid streaming Snowball payload";
+    let archive = build_single_member_archive(member_key, member_body).await?;
+    let expected_checksum = sha256_base64(&archive);
+    let decoded_content_length = archive.len().to_string();
+    let encoded_body = encode_unsigned_aws_chunked_with_sha256_trailer(&archive);
+    let path = format!("/{BUCKET}/{archive_key}");
+
+    let signer = SigV4::new(&env);
+    let extra_signed_headers = [
+        ("content-encoding", "aws-chunked"),
+        ("x-amz-decoded-content-length", decoded_content_length.as_str()),
+        ("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true"),
+        ("x-amz-sdk-checksum-algorithm", "SHA256"),
+        ("x-amz-trailer", "x-amz-checksum-sha256"),
+    ];
+    let headers = signer.sign_with_extra_headers("PUT", &path, "", UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD_TRAILER, &extra_signed_headers);
+
+    let response = local_http_client()
+        .put(format!("{}{}", env.url, path))
+        .header("authorization", &headers.authorization)
+        .header("content-encoding", "aws-chunked")
+        .header("x-amz-content-sha256", &headers.content_sha256)
+        .header("x-amz-date", &headers.amz_date)
+        .header("x-amz-decoded-content-length", &decoded_content_length)
+        .header("x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true")
+        .header("x-amz-sdk-checksum-algorithm", "SHA256")
+        .header("x-amz-trailer", "x-amz-checksum-sha256")
+        .body(encoded_body)
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    let status = response.status();
+    let response_checksum = response
+        .headers()
+        .get("x-amz-checksum-sha256")
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok())
+        .map(str::to_owned);
+    let response_body = response.text().await?;
+    assert_eq!(status.as_u16(), 200, "valid streaming Snowball PUT failed, body:\n{response_body}");
+    assert_eq!(response_checksum.as_deref(), Some(expected_checksum.as_str()));
+
+    let member = env
+        .create_s3_client()
+        .get_object()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(member_key)
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    let stored = member.body.collect().await?.into_bytes();
+    assert_eq!(stored.as_ref(), member_body);
+
+    env.stop_server();
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// (b) A valid AccessKeyId paired with the wrong secret key must be rejected
 /// with SignatureDoesNotMatch / 403.
 #[tokio::test]
@@ -38,14 +38,10 @@ use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
    NotificationConfiguration, NotificationConfigurationFilter, ObjectIdentifier, QueueConfiguration, S3KeyFilter,
    VersioningConfiguration,
 };
-use http::header::{CONTENT_TYPE, HOST};
 use local_ip_address::local_ip;
 use reqwest::StatusCode;
-use rustfs_signer::constants::UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD;
-use rustfs_signer::sign_v4;
 use rustfs_utils::egress::ENV_OUTBOUND_ALLOW_ORIGINS;
 use rustfs_utils::http::headers::{AMZ_REQUEST_ID, REQUEST_ID_HEADER};
-use s3s::Body;
 use serde_json::Value;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::io::Cursor;
@@ -415,42 +411,16 @@ async fn collect_until(
 // Admin target configuration (signed admin HTTP)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

+/// Thin wrapper over [`crate::common::signed_request`] with this suite's
+/// root credentials; a `Some` body is always JSON here.
 async fn signed_admin_request(
    env: &RustFSTestEnvironment,
    method: http::Method,
    url: &str,
    body: Option<Vec<u8>>,
 ) -> Result<reqwest::Response, BoxError> {
-    let uri = url.parse::<http::Uri>()?;
-    let authority = uri.authority().ok_or("admin URL missing authority")?.to_string();
-    let mut builder = http::Request::builder()
-        .method(method.clone())
-        .uri(uri)
-        .header(HOST, authority)
-        .header("x-amz-content-sha256", UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD);
-    if body.is_some() {
-        builder = builder.header(CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
-    }
-
-    let content_len = body.as_ref().map(|b| b.len() as i64).unwrap_or_default();
-    let signed = sign_v4(
-        builder.body(Body::empty())?,
-        content_len,
-        &env.access_key,
-        &env.secret_key,
-        "",
-        "us-east-1",
-    );
-
-    let reqwest_method = reqwest::Method::from_bytes(method.as_str().as_bytes())?;
-    let mut request = crate::common::local_http_client().request(reqwest_method, url);
-    for (name, value) in signed.headers() {
-        request = request.header(name, value);
-    }
-    if let Some(body) = body {
-        request = request.body(body);
-    }
-    Ok(request.send().await?)
+    let content_type = body.is_some().then_some("application/json");
+    crate::common::signed_request(method, url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, body, content_type).await
 }

 async fn enable_notify_module(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment) -> TestResult {
@@ -15,28 +15,24 @@
 //! Tests for AWS IAM policy variables with single-value, multi-value, and nested scenarios

 use crate::common::{
-    RustFSTestEnvironment, awscurl_delete, awscurl_put, build_test_s3_config, build_test_sts_client, init_logging,
+    AdminTransport, RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_add_canned_policy_via, admin_attach_user_policy_via, admin_create_user_via,
+    awscurl_delete, awscurl_put, build_test_s3_config, build_test_sts_client, init_logging,
 };
 use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
 use tracing::info;

-/// Helper function to create a regular user with given credentials
+/// Helper function to create a regular user with given credentials.
+///
+/// This suite deliberately drives the admin API through the external `awscurl`
+/// binary, so the shared helpers are pinned to `AdminTransport::Awscurl`.
 async fn create_user(
    env: &RustFSTestEnvironment,
    username: &str,
    password: &str,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let create_user_body = serde_json::json!({
-        "secretKey": password,
-        "status": "enabled"
-    })
-    .to_string();
-
-    let create_user_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={}", env.url, username);
-    awscurl_put(&create_user_url, &create_user_body, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
-    Ok(())
+    admin_create_user_via(AdminTransport::Awscurl, &env.url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, username, password).await
 }

 /// Helper function to create and attach a policy
@@ -46,18 +42,17 @@ async fn create_and_attach_policy(
    username: &str,
    policy_document: serde_json::Value,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let policy_string = policy_document.to_string();
-
-    // Create policy
-    let add_policy_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-canned-policy?name={}", env.url, policy_name);
-    awscurl_put(&add_policy_url, &policy_string, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
-
-    // Attach policy to user
-    let attach_policy_url = format!(
-        "{}/rustfs/admin/v3/set-user-or-group-policy?policyName={}&userOrGroup={}&isGroup=false",
-        env.url, policy_name, username
-    );
-    awscurl_put(&attach_policy_url, "", &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
+    admin_add_canned_policy_via(
+        AdminTransport::Awscurl,
+        &env.url,
+        &env.access_key,
+        &env.secret_key,
+        policy_name,
+        &policy_document.to_string(),
+    )
+    .await?;
+    admin_attach_user_policy_via(AdminTransport::Awscurl, &env.url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, policy_name, username)
+        .await?;
    Ok(())
 }

@@ -31,15 +31,11 @@
 //!
 //! Advisory: <https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/security/advisories/GHSA-3p3x-734c-h5vx>

-use crate::common::local_http_client;
 use crate::common::rustfs_binary_path_with_features;
+use crate::common::{AdminTransport, admin_add_canned_policy_via, admin_attach_user_policy_via, admin_create_user_via};
 use crate::protocols::test_env::{DEFAULT_ACCESS_KEY, DEFAULT_SECRET_KEY, ProtocolTestEnvironment};
 use anyhow::Result;
-use http::header::{CONTENT_TYPE, HOST};
 use reqwest::Client;
-use rustfs_signer::constants::UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD;
-use rustfs_signer::sign_v4;
-use s3s::Body;
 use tokio::process::Command;
 use tracing::info;

@@ -67,92 +63,43 @@ fn basic_auth_header_for(access_key: &str, secret_key: &str) -> String {
    format!("Basic {}", encoded)
 }

-async fn signed_admin_request(
-    method: http::Method,
-    url: &str,
-    body: Option<Vec<u8>>,
-    content_type: Option<&str>,
-) -> Result<reqwest::Response> {
-    let uri = url.parse::<http::Uri>()?;
-    let authority = uri
-        .authority()
-        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("request URL missing authority"))?
-        .to_string();
-    let mut request = http::Request::builder().method(method.clone()).uri(uri);
-    request = request.header(HOST, authority);
-    request = request.header("x-amz-content-sha256", UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD);
-    if let Some(content_type) = content_type {
-        request = request.header(CONTENT_TYPE, content_type);
-    }
-
-    let content_len = body.as_ref().map(|body| body.len() as i64).unwrap_or_default();
-    let signed = sign_v4(
-        request.body(Body::empty())?,
-        content_len,
+async fn admin_create_user(base_url: &str, username: &str, secret_key: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    admin_create_user_via(
+        AdminTransport::Signed,
+        base_url,
        DEFAULT_ACCESS_KEY,
        DEFAULT_SECRET_KEY,
-        "",
-        "us-east-1",
-    );
-
-    let reqwest_method = reqwest::Method::from_bytes(method.as_str().as_bytes())?;
-    let mut request_builder = local_http_client().request(reqwest_method, url);
-    for (name, value) in signed.headers() {
-        request_builder = request_builder.header(name, value);
-    }
-    if let Some(body) = body {
-        request_builder = request_builder.body(body);
-    }
-
-    Ok(request_builder.send().await?)
-}
-
-async fn admin_create_user(base_url: &str, username: &str, secret_key: &str) -> Result<()> {
-    let url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={}", base_url, username);
-    let body = serde_json::json!({
-        "secretKey": secret_key,
-        "status": "enabled"
-    });
-    let response =
-        signed_admin_request(http::Method::PUT, &url, Some(body.to_string().into_bytes()), Some("application/json")).await?;
-
-    if response.status() != reqwest::StatusCode::OK {
-        let status = response.status();
-        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-        anyhow::bail!("create user failed: {status} {body}");
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
+        username,
+        secret_key,
+    )
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(e))
 }

 async fn admin_add_canned_policy(base_url: &str, policy_name: &str, policy: &serde_json::Value) -> Result<()> {
-    let url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-canned-policy?name={}", base_url, policy_name);
-    let response =
-        signed_admin_request(http::Method::PUT, &url, Some(policy.to_string().into_bytes()), Some("application/json")).await?;
-
-    if response.status() != reqwest::StatusCode::OK {
-        let status = response.status();
-        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-        anyhow::bail!("add canned policy failed: {status} {body}");
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
+    admin_add_canned_policy_via(
+        AdminTransport::Signed,
+        base_url,
+        DEFAULT_ACCESS_KEY,
+        DEFAULT_SECRET_KEY,
+        policy_name,
+        &policy.to_string(),
+    )
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(e))
 }

 async fn admin_attach_policy_to_user(base_url: &str, policy_name: &str, username: &str) -> Result<()> {
-    let url = format!(
-        "{}/rustfs/admin/v3/set-user-or-group-policy?policyName={}&userOrGroup={}&isGroup=false",
-        base_url, policy_name, username
-    );
-    let response = signed_admin_request(http::Method::PUT, &url, Some(Vec::new()), None).await?;
-
-    if response.status() != reqwest::StatusCode::OK {
-        let status = response.status();
-        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-        anyhow::bail!("attach policy failed: {status} {body}");
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
+    admin_attach_user_policy_via(
+        AdminTransport::Signed,
+        base_url,
+        DEFAULT_ACCESS_KEY,
+        DEFAULT_SECRET_KEY,
+        policy_name,
+        username,
+    )
+    .await
+    .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(e))
 }

 /// Test WebDAV: MKCOL (create bucket), PUT, GET, DELETE, PROPFIND operations
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Regression coverage for rustfs#6830: a signed empty `PutObject` request
+//! without `Content-Length` and without `Transfer-Encoding` is still a
+//! zero-length object upload.
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging};
+    use http::header::{CONTENT_LENGTH, HOST, TRANSFER_ENCODING};
+    use rustfs_signer::sign_v4;
+    use rustfs_utils::hash::EMPTY_STRING_SHA256_HASH;
+    use s3s::Body;
+    use std::error::Error;
+    use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
+    use tokio::net::TcpStream;
+    use tokio::time::{Duration, timeout};
+    use tracing::info;
+
+    const RAW_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
+
+    fn parse_status(raw_response: &str) -> Option<u16> {
+        raw_response.lines().next()?.split_whitespace().nth(1)?.parse().ok()
+    }
+
+    async fn send_raw_signed_put(
+        url: &str,
+        access_key: &str,
+        secret_key: &str,
+        transfer_encoding: Option<&str>,
+        raw_body: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<String, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let uri = url.parse::<http::Uri>()?;
+        let authority = uri.authority().ok_or("request URL missing authority")?.to_string();
+        let path_and_query = uri.path_and_query().ok_or("request URL missing path")?.as_str().to_string();
+
+        let mut request = http::Request::builder()
+            .method(http::Method::PUT)
+            .uri(uri)
+            .header(HOST, authority.clone())
+            .header("x-amz-content-sha256", EMPTY_STRING_SHA256_HASH);
+        if let Some(value) = transfer_encoding {
+            request = request.header(TRANSFER_ENCODING, value);
+        }
+
+        let signed = sign_v4(request.body(Body::empty())?, 0, access_key, secret_key, "", "us-east-1");
+
+        let mut raw_request = format!("PUT {path_and_query} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {authority}\r\nConnection: close\r\n");
+        for (name, value) in signed.headers() {
+            if name == HOST || name == CONTENT_LENGTH {
+                continue;
+            }
+            raw_request.push_str(name.as_str());
+            raw_request.push_str(": ");
+            raw_request.push_str(value.to_str()?);
+            raw_request.push_str("\r\n");
+        }
+        raw_request.push_str("\r\n");
+
+        assert!(
+            !raw_request.to_ascii_lowercase().contains("\r\ncontent-length:"),
+            "raw regression request must omit Content-Length; request was:\n{raw_request}"
+        );
+
+        let mut stream = TcpStream::connect(&authority).await?;
+        stream.write_all(raw_request.as_bytes()).await?;
+        stream.write_all(raw_body).await?;
+        stream.flush().await?;
+
+        let mut response = Vec::new();
+        timeout(RAW_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT, stream.read_to_end(&mut response))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, "timed out reading raw PUT response"))??;
+        Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&response).into_owned())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_put_object_without_content_length_boundaries() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        init_logging();
+        info!("TEST: PutObject without Content-Length boundaries");
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let empty_bucket = "put-no-content-length";
+        let empty_key = "empty.bin";
+        let chunked_bucket = "put-chunked-no-length";
+        let chunked_key = "chunked.bin";
+
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(empty_bucket).send().await?;
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(chunked_bucket).send().await?;
+
+        let url = format!("{}/{}/{}", env.url, empty_bucket, empty_key);
+        let raw_response = send_raw_signed_put(&url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, None, b"").await?;
+        info!("raw empty PUT response:\n{}", raw_response);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_status(&raw_response),
+            Some(200),
+            "empty PutObject without Content-Length should succeed, got:\n{raw_response}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            raw_response.to_ascii_lowercase().contains("\r\netag:"),
+            "successful PutObject should return an ETag header: {raw_response}"
+        );
+
+        let head = client.head_object().bucket(empty_bucket).key(empty_key).send().await?;
+        assert_eq!(head.content_length(), Some(0), "stored object must be zero length");
+
+        let url = format!("{}/{}/{}", env.url, chunked_bucket, chunked_key);
+        let raw_response = send_raw_signed_put(&url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, Some("chunked"), b"0\r\n\r\n").await?;
+        info!("raw chunked PUT response:\n{}", raw_response);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_status(&raw_response),
+            Some(411),
+            "unknown-length chunked PutObject must stay rejected, got:\n{raw_response}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            raw_response.contains("<Code>MissingContentLength</Code>"),
+            "expected MissingContentLength, got:\n{raw_response}"
+        );
+
+        let missing = client
+            .head_object()
+            .bucket(chunked_bucket)
+            .key(chunked_key)
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .expect_err("rejected unknown-length PUT must not create an object");
+        assert_eq!(
+            missing.raw_response().map(|response| response.status().as_u16()),
+            Some(404),
+            "rejected unknown-length PUT absence probe must return HTTP 404, got {missing:?}"
+        );
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
@@ -21,5 +21,6 @@ mod head_tls_bodyless_test;
 mod lifecycle;
 mod lock;
 mod node_interact_test;
+mod s3_select_compression;
 mod sql;
 mod tiering;
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+#![cfg(test)]
+// Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging};
+use async_compression::tokio::write::BzEncoder;
+use aws_sdk_s3::{
+    Client,
+    error::ProvideErrorMetadata,
+    operation::select_object_content::{SelectObjectContentOutput, builders::SelectObjectContentFluentBuilder},
+    types::{
+        CompressionType, CsvInput, CsvOutput, ExpressionType, FileHeaderInfo, InputSerialization, JsonInput, JsonOutput,
+        JsonType, OutputSerialization, SelectObjectContentEventStream,
+    },
+};
+use aws_smithy_types::event_stream::RawMessage;
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use flate2::{Compression, write::GzEncoder};
+use std::{error::Error, io::Cursor, time::Duration};
+use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
+
+const BUCKET: &str = "s3-select-compression";
+const SELECT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+
+type TestResult<T> = Result<T, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>;
+
+async fn create_test_environment(extra_env: &[(&str, &str)]) -> TestResult<(RustFSTestEnvironment, Client)> {
+    init_logging();
+    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    env.start_rustfs_server_with_env(vec![], extra_env).await?;
+    let client = env.create_s3_client();
+    client.create_bucket().bucket(BUCKET).send().await?;
+    Ok((env, client))
+}
+
+async fn put_object(client: &Client, key: &str, body: &[u8]) -> TestResult<()> {
+    client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(key)
+        .body(Bytes::copy_from_slice(body).into())
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn gzip(input: &[u8]) -> TestResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut encoder = GzEncoder::new(Vec::new(), Compression::default());
+    std::io::Write::write_all(&mut encoder, input)?;
+    Ok(encoder.finish()?)
+}
+
+async fn bzip2(input: &[u8]) -> TestResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut encoder = BzEncoder::new(Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
+    encoder.write_all(input).await?;
+    encoder.shutdown().await?;
+    Ok(encoder.into_inner().into_inner())
+}
+
+fn csv_select_request(
+    client: &Client,
+    key: &str,
+    compression: CompressionType,
+    expression: &str,
+) -> SelectObjectContentFluentBuilder {
+    client
+        .select_object_content()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(key)
+        .expression(expression)
+        .expression_type(ExpressionType::Sql)
+        .input_serialization(
+            InputSerialization::builder()
+                .compression_type(compression)
+                .csv(CsvInput::builder().file_header_info(FileHeaderInfo::Use).build())
+                .build(),
+        )
+        .output_serialization(OutputSerialization::builder().csv(CsvOutput::builder().build()).build())
+}
+
+fn json_select_request(
+    client: &Client,
+    key: &str,
+    compression: CompressionType,
+    json_type: JsonType,
+) -> SelectObjectContentFluentBuilder {
+    client
+        .select_object_content()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(key)
+        .expression("SELECT name FROM S3Object")
+        .expression_type(ExpressionType::Sql)
+        .input_serialization(
+            InputSerialization::builder()
+                .compression_type(compression)
+                .json(JsonInput::builder().set_type(Some(json_type)).build())
+                .build(),
+        )
+        .output_serialization(OutputSerialization::builder().json(JsonOutput::builder().build()).build())
+}
+
+async fn collect_success(
+    mut response: SelectObjectContentOutput,
+    compressed_bytes: usize,
+    processed_bytes: usize,
+) -> TestResult<Vec<u8>> {
+    tokio::time::timeout(SELECT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT, async move {
+        let mut records = Vec::new();
+        let mut stats = None;
+        let mut saw_end = false;
+
+        while let Some(event) = response.payload.recv().await? {
+            assert!(!saw_end, "Select emitted an event after End");
+            match event {
+                SelectObjectContentEventStream::Records(event) => {
+                    assert!(stats.is_none(), "Select emitted Records after Stats");
+                    if let Some(payload) = event.payload {
+                        records.extend_from_slice(payload.as_ref());
+                    }
+                }
+                SelectObjectContentEventStream::Stats(event) => {
+                    assert!(stats.is_none(), "Select emitted more than one Stats event");
+                    stats = event.details;
+                }
+                SelectObjectContentEventStream::End(_) => {
+                    assert!(stats.is_some(), "Select emitted End before Stats");
+                    saw_end = true;
+                }
+                _ => assert!(stats.is_none(), "Select emitted a non-terminal event after Stats"),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let stats = stats.ok_or("Select response ended without a Stats event")?;
+        assert_eq!(stats.bytes_scanned(), Some(i64::try_from(compressed_bytes)?));
+        assert_eq!(stats.bytes_processed(), Some(i64::try_from(processed_bytes)?));
+        assert_eq!(stats.bytes_returned(), Some(i64::try_from(records.len())?));
+        assert!(saw_end, "Select response ended without an End event");
+        Ok::<_, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>(records)
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|_| -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync> { "Select response timed out".into() })?
+}
+
+async fn assert_truncated_stream_failure(mut response: SelectObjectContentOutput) -> TestResult<()> {
+    tokio::time::timeout(SELECT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT, async move {
+        loop {
+            match response.payload.recv().await {
+                Err(error) => {
+                    // S3 Select request-level errors use `error` frames, which this SDK version exposes as raw response errors.
+                    if let Some(code) = error.code() {
+                        assert_eq!(code, "TruncatedInput", "unexpected modeled event-stream error: {error:?}");
+                    } else if let aws_sdk_s3::error::SdkError::ResponseError(context) = &error
+                        && let RawMessage::Decoded(message) = context.raw()
+                    {
+                        let header = |name: &str| {
+                            message
+                                .headers()
+                                .iter()
+                                .find(|header| header.name().as_str() == name)
+                                .and_then(|header| header.value().as_string().ok())
+                                .map(|value| value.as_str())
+                        };
+                        assert_eq!(header(":message-type"), Some("error"));
+                        assert_eq!(header(":error-code"), Some("TruncatedInput"));
+                    } else {
+                        panic!("unexpected event-stream error: {error:?}");
+                    }
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                Ok(Some(SelectObjectContentEventStream::Stats(_))) | Ok(Some(SelectObjectContentEventStream::End(_))) => {
+                    return Err("truncated compressed input reached a success terminal event".into());
+                }
+                Ok(Some(_)) => {}
+                Ok(None) => return Err("truncated compressed input ended without an error event".into()),
+            }
+        }
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|_| -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync> { "truncated Select response timed out".into() })?
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn test_select_object_content_compressed_csv_and_json() -> TestResult<()> {
+    const CSV: &[u8] = b"name,age\nAlice,30\nBob,25\n";
+    const JSON_LINES: &[u8] = b"{\"name\":\"Alice\"}\n{\"name\":\"Bob\"}\n";
+    const JSON_DOCUMENT: &[u8] = br#"[{"name":"Alice"},{"name":"Bob"}]"#;
+
+    let (_env, client) = create_test_environment(&[]).await?;
+
+    let gzip_csv = gzip(CSV)?;
+    put_object(&client, "records.csv.gz", &gzip_csv).await?;
+    let gzip_csv_records = collect_success(
+        csv_select_request(&client, "records.csv.gz", CompressionType::Gzip, "SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+            .send()
+            .await?,
+        gzip_csv.len(),
+        CSV.len(),
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_eq!(gzip_csv_records, b"Alice,30\nBob,25\n");
+
+    let bzip_csv = bzip2(CSV).await?;
+    put_object(&client, "records.csv.bz2", &bzip_csv).await?;
+    let bzip_csv_records = collect_success(
+        csv_select_request(&client, "records.csv.bz2", CompressionType::Bzip2, "SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+            .send()
+            .await?,
+        bzip_csv.len(),
+        CSV.len(),
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_eq!(bzip_csv_records, gzip_csv_records);
+
+    let gzip_json_lines = gzip(JSON_LINES)?;
+    put_object(&client, "json-lines", &gzip_json_lines).await?;
+    let gzip_json_records = collect_success(
+        json_select_request(&client, "json-lines", CompressionType::Gzip, JsonType::Lines)
+            .send()
+            .await?,
+        gzip_json_lines.len(),
+        JSON_LINES.len(),
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_eq!(gzip_json_records, JSON_LINES);
+
+    let bzip_json_lines = bzip2(JSON_LINES).await?;
+    put_object(&client, "records.jsonl.bz2", &bzip_json_lines).await?;
+    let bzip_json_records = collect_success(
+        json_select_request(&client, "records.jsonl.bz2", CompressionType::Bzip2, JsonType::Lines)
+            .send()
+            .await?,
+        bzip_json_lines.len(),
+        JSON_LINES.len(),
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_eq!(bzip_json_records, gzip_json_records);
+
+    let gzip_json_document = gzip(JSON_DOCUMENT)?;
+    put_object(&client, "document.json.gz", &gzip_json_document).await?;
+    let document_records = collect_success(
+        json_select_request(&client, "document.json.gz", CompressionType::Gzip, JsonType::Document)
+            .send()
+            .await?,
+        gzip_json_document.len(),
+        JSON_DOCUMENT.len(),
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_eq!(document_records, JSON_LINES);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn test_select_object_content_invalid_compressed_stream_fails() -> TestResult<()> {
+    const CSV: &[u8] = b"name\nAlice\n";
+
+    let (_env, client) = create_test_environment(&[]).await?;
+
+    put_object(&client, "invalid.csv.gz", CSV).await?;
+    let invalid = csv_select_request(&client, "invalid.csv.gz", CompressionType::Gzip, "SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("invalid GZIP header must fail before streaming");
+    assert_eq!(
+        invalid.as_service_error().and_then(ProvideErrorMetadata::code),
+        Some("InvalidCompressionFormat")
+    );
+
+    put_object(&client, "empty.csv.gz", b"").await?;
+    let empty = csv_select_request(&client, "empty.csv.gz", CompressionType::Gzip, "SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("empty GZIP input must fail as truncated");
+    assert_eq!(empty.as_service_error().and_then(ProvideErrorMetadata::code), Some("TruncatedInput"));
+
+    let mut truncated = bzip2(CSV).await?;
+    truncated.pop();
+    put_object(&client, "truncated.csv.bz2", &truncated).await?;
+    let truncated = csv_select_request(&client, "truncated.csv.bz2", CompressionType::Bzip2, "SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    assert_truncated_stream_failure(truncated).await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn test_select_object_content_compressed_disconnect_releases_query() -> TestResult<()> {
+    const OBJECT: &str = "disconnect.csv.gz";
+    const ROWS: usize = 16 * 1024;
+    const RELEASE_ATTEMPTS: usize = 20;
+    const RELEASE_BACKOFF: Duration = Duration::from_millis(25);
+
+    let (_env, client) = create_test_environment(&[("RUSTFS_S3SELECT_MAX_CONCURRENT_QUERIES", "1")]).await?;
+    let row = format!("{}\n", "x".repeat(1023));
+    let mut body = Vec::with_capacity("value\n".len() + ROWS * row.len());
+    body.extend_from_slice(b"value\n");
+    for _ in 0..ROWS {
+        body.extend_from_slice(row.as_bytes());
+    }
+    let compressed = gzip(&body)?;
+    put_object(&client, OBJECT, &compressed).await?;
+
+    let first = csv_select_request(&client, OBJECT, CompressionType::Gzip, "SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    let saturated = csv_select_request(&client, OBJECT, CompressionType::Gzip, "SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("the unread compressed response should retain the only query permit");
+    assert_eq!(saturated.as_service_error().and_then(ProvideErrorMetadata::code), Some("SlowDown"));
+
+    drop(first);
+    let second = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), async {
+        for attempt in 0..RELEASE_ATTEMPTS {
+            match csv_select_request(&client, OBJECT, CompressionType::Gzip, "SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+                .send()
+                .await
+            {
+                Ok(response) => return Ok::<_, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>(response),
+                Err(error)
+                    if error.as_service_error().and_then(ProvideErrorMetadata::code) == Some("SlowDown")
+                        && attempt + 1 < RELEASE_ATTEMPTS =>
+                {
+                    tokio::time::sleep(RELEASE_BACKOFF).await;
+                }
+                Err(error) if error.as_service_error().and_then(ProvideErrorMetadata::code) == Some("SlowDown") => {
+                    return Err("disconnected compressed Select retained its query permit".into());
+                }
+                Err(error) => return Err(format!("unexpected Select error after disconnect: {error}").into()),
+            }
+        }
+        Err("query permit release retry loop ended unexpectedly".into())
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|_| -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync> { "compressed Select did not release its query permit".into() })??;
+    drop(second);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging};
 use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
 use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
-    CsvInput, CsvOutput, ExpressionType, FileHeaderInfo, InputSerialization, JsonInput, JsonOutput, JsonType, OutputSerialization,
+    CsvInput, CsvOutput, ExpressionType, FileHeaderInfo, InputSerialization, JsonInput, JsonOutput, JsonType,
+    OutputSerialization, RequestProgress,
 };
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use std::error::Error;
@@ -26,6 +27,9 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 const BUCKET: &str = "test-sql-bucket";
 const CSV_OBJECT: &str = "test-data.csv";
 const JSON_OBJECT: &str = "test-data.json";
+const JSON_DOCUMENT_OBJECT: &str = "nested-data.json";
+const JSON_ROOT_ARRAY_OBJECT: &str = "root-array.json";
+const JSON_ROOT_SCALAR_ARRAY_OBJECT: &str = "root-scalars.json";
 const SELECT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);

 type TestResult<T> = Result<T, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>;
@@ -73,6 +77,69 @@ async fn upload_test_json(client: &Client) -> TestResult<()> {
    Ok(())
 }

+async fn upload_nested_json_document(client: &Client) -> TestResult<()> {
+    let json_data = r#"{"departments":[{"employees":[{"name":"Alice","active":true},{"name":"Bob","active":false}]},{"employees":[{"name":"Charlie","active":true}]}]}"#;
+
+    client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(JSON_DOCUMENT_OBJECT)
+        .body(Bytes::from_static(json_data.as_bytes()).into())
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(JSON_ROOT_ARRAY_OBJECT)
+        .body(Bytes::from_static(br#"[{"name":"Alice"},{"name":"Bob"}]"#).into())
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(JSON_ROOT_SCALAR_ARRAY_OBJECT)
+        .body(Bytes::from_static(b"[1,2]").into())
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn select_json_document(client: &Client, key: &str, expression: &str) -> TestResult<String> {
+    let response = client
+        .select_object_content()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(key)
+        .expression(expression)
+        .expression_type(ExpressionType::Sql)
+        .input_serialization(
+            InputSerialization::builder()
+                .json(JsonInput::builder().set_type(Some(JsonType::Document)).build())
+                .build(),
+        )
+        .output_serialization(OutputSerialization::builder().json(JsonOutput::builder().build()).build())
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    process_select_response(response).await
+}
+
+fn csv_select_request(
+    client: &Client,
+    key: &str,
+) -> aws_sdk_s3::operation::select_object_content::builders::SelectObjectContentFluentBuilder {
+    client
+        .select_object_content()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(key)
+        .expression("SELECT * FROM S3Object")
+        .expression_type(ExpressionType::Sql)
+        .input_serialization(
+            InputSerialization::builder()
+                .csv(CsvInput::builder().file_header_info(FileHeaderInfo::Use).build())
+                .build(),
+        )
+        .output_serialization(OutputSerialization::builder().csv(CsvOutput::builder().build()).build())
+}
+
 async fn process_select_response(
    mut event_stream: aws_sdk_s3::operation::select_object_content::SelectObjectContentOutput,
 ) -> TestResult<String> {
@@ -104,6 +171,209 @@ async fn process_select_response(
    .map_err(|_| -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync> { "Select response timed out".into() })?
 }

+async fn assert_input_byte_stats(
+    client: &Client,
+    object: &str,
+    body: &[u8],
+    expression: &str,
+    input_serialization: InputSerialization,
+    output_serialization: OutputSerialization,
+    progress_enabled: bool,
+) -> TestResult<()> {
+    client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(object)
+        .body(Bytes::copy_from_slice(body).into())
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    let mut request = client
+        .select_object_content()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(object)
+        .expression(expression)
+        .expression_type(ExpressionType::Sql)
+        .input_serialization(input_serialization)
+        .output_serialization(output_serialization);
+    if progress_enabled {
+        request = request.request_progress(RequestProgress::builder().enabled(true).build());
+    }
+    let response = request.send().await?;
+
+    let mut payload = response.payload;
+    let mut records_len = 0_u64;
+    let mut last_progress: Option<aws_sdk_s3::types::Progress> = None;
+    let mut stats = None;
+    let mut saw_end = false;
+    tokio::time::timeout(SELECT_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT, async {
+        // The AWS SDK validates both event-stream CRCs before yielding an event.
+        while let Some(event) = payload.recv().await? {
+            assert!(!saw_end, "Select emitted an event after End");
+            match event {
+                aws_sdk_s3::types::SelectObjectContentEventStream::Records(records) => {
+                    assert!(stats.is_none(), "Select emitted Records after Stats");
+                    if let Some(bytes) = records.payload {
+                        records_len = records_len.saturating_add(u64::try_from(bytes.as_ref().len())?);
+                    }
+                }
+                aws_sdk_s3::types::SelectObjectContentEventStream::Progress(event) => {
+                    assert!(stats.is_none(), "Select emitted Progress after Stats");
+                    let details = event.details.ok_or("Progress event did not contain details")?;
+                    if let Some(previous) = last_progress.as_ref() {
+                        assert!(details.bytes_scanned() >= previous.bytes_scanned());
+                        assert!(details.bytes_processed() >= previous.bytes_processed());
+                        assert!(details.bytes_returned() >= previous.bytes_returned());
+                    }
+                    last_progress = Some(details);
+                }
+                aws_sdk_s3::types::SelectObjectContentEventStream::Stats(event) => {
+                    assert!(stats.is_none(), "Select emitted more than one Stats event");
+                    stats = event.details;
+                }
+                aws_sdk_s3::types::SelectObjectContentEventStream::End(_) => {
+                    assert!(stats.is_some(), "Select emitted End before Stats");
+                    saw_end = true;
+                }
+                _ => assert!(stats.is_none(), "Select emitted a non-terminal event after Stats"),
+            }
+        }
+        Ok::<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>(())
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|_| -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync> { "Select response timed out".into() })??;
+
+    let stats = stats.ok_or("Select response ended without a Stats event")?;
+    let input_len = i64::try_from(body.len())?;
+    assert_eq!(stats.bytes_scanned(), Some(input_len));
+    assert_eq!(stats.bytes_processed(), Some(input_len));
+    assert_eq!(stats.bytes_returned(), Some(i64::try_from(records_len)?));
+    if progress_enabled {
+        if let Some(progress) = last_progress {
+            assert!(stats.bytes_scanned() >= progress.bytes_scanned());
+            assert!(stats.bytes_processed() >= progress.bytes_processed());
+            assert!(stats.bytes_returned() >= progress.bytes_returned());
+        }
+    } else {
+        assert!(last_progress.is_none(), "disabled request progress emitted a Progress event");
+    }
+    assert!(saw_end, "Select response ended without an End event");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn test_select_object_content_http_event_order_crc_and_input_byte_stats() -> TestResult<()> {
+    const CSV_BODY: &[u8] = b"name,age\nAlice,30\nBob,25\n";
+    const JSON_LINES_BODY: &[u8] = b"{\"name\":\"Alice\"}\n{\"name\":\"Bob\"}\n";
+    const JSON_DOCUMENT_BODY: &[u8] = b"[{\"name\":\"Alice\"},{\"name\":\"Bob\"}]";
+
+    let (_env, client) = create_test_environment().await?;
+    setup_test_bucket(&client).await?;
+    assert_input_byte_stats(
+        &client,
+        "input-metrics.csv",
+        CSV_BODY,
+        "SELECT name FROM S3Object",
+        InputSerialization::builder()
+            .csv(CsvInput::builder().file_header_info(FileHeaderInfo::Use).build())
+            .build(),
+        OutputSerialization::builder().csv(CsvOutput::builder().build()).build(),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_input_byte_stats(
+        &client,
+        "input-metrics.jsonl",
+        JSON_LINES_BODY,
+        "SELECT name FROM S3Object",
+        InputSerialization::builder()
+            .json(JsonInput::builder().set_type(Some(JsonType::Lines)).build())
+            .build(),
+        OutputSerialization::builder().json(JsonOutput::builder().build()).build(),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_input_byte_stats(
+        &client,
+        "input-metrics.json",
+        JSON_DOCUMENT_BODY,
+        "SELECT name FROM S3Object",
+        InputSerialization::builder()
+            .json(JsonInput::builder().set_type(Some(JsonType::Document)).build())
+            .build(),
+        OutputSerialization::builder().json(JsonOutput::builder().build()).build(),
+        true,
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert_input_byte_stats(
+        &client,
+        "input-metrics-without-progress.csv",
+        CSV_BODY,
+        "SELECT name FROM S3Object",
+        InputSerialization::builder()
+            .csv(CsvInput::builder().file_header_info(FileHeaderInfo::Use).build())
+            .build(),
+        OutputSerialization::builder().csv(CsvOutput::builder().build()).build(),
+        false,
+    )
+    .await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn test_select_object_content_http_disconnect_releases_query() -> TestResult<()> {
+    const OBJECT: &str = "disconnect.csv";
+    const ROWS: usize = 16 * 1024;
+    const RELEASE_BACKOFF: Duration = Duration::from_millis(25);
+
+    init_logging();
+    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    env.start_rustfs_server_with_env(vec![], &[("RUSTFS_S3SELECT_MAX_CONCURRENT_QUERIES", "1")])
+        .await?;
+    let client = env.create_s3_client();
+    setup_test_bucket(&client).await?;
+
+    let row = format!("{}\n", "x".repeat(1023));
+    let mut body = Vec::with_capacity("value\n".len() + ROWS * row.len());
+    body.extend_from_slice(b"value\n");
+    for _ in 0..ROWS {
+        body.extend_from_slice(row.as_bytes());
+    }
+    client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(BUCKET)
+        .key(OBJECT)
+        .body(Bytes::from(body).into())
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    // Leaving this response body unread fills the bounded HTTP/event channels before the query can finish.
+    let first = csv_select_request(&client, OBJECT).send().await?;
+    let saturated = csv_select_request(&client, OBJECT)
+        .send()
+        .await
+        .expect_err("the first HTTP stream should retain the only query permit");
+    assert_eq!(saturated.as_service_error().and_then(ProvideErrorMetadata::code), Some("SlowDown"));
+
+    drop(first);
+    let second = tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), async {
+        loop {
+            match csv_select_request(&client, OBJECT).send().await {
+                Ok(response) => return Ok::<_, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>(response),
+                Err(error) if error.as_service_error().and_then(ProvideErrorMetadata::code) == Some("SlowDown") => {
+                    tokio::time::sleep(RELEASE_BACKOFF).await;
+                }
+                Err(error) => return Err(format!("unexpected Select error after disconnect: {error}").into()),
+            }
+        }
+    })
+    .await
+    .map_err(|_| -> Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync> { "disconnected Select did not release its query permit".into() })??;
+    drop(second);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
 async fn test_select_object_content_csv_basic() -> TestResult<()> {
    let (_env, client) = create_test_environment().await?;
@@ -228,6 +498,107 @@ async fn test_select_object_content_json_basic() -> TestResult<()> {
    Ok(())
 }

+#[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
+async fn test_select_object_content_nested_json_source_path() -> TestResult<()> {
+    let (_env, client) = create_test_environment().await?;
+    setup_test_bucket(&client).await?;
+    upload_nested_json_document(&client).await?;
+
+    let result = select_json_document(
+        &client,
+        JSON_DOCUMENT_OBJECT,
+        "SELECT e.name FROM S3Object[*].departments[*].employees[*] AS e WHERE e.active = true",
+    )
+    .await?;
+    let names: Vec<String> = result
+        .lines()
+        .filter(|line| !line.trim().is_empty())
+        .map(|line| -> TestResult<String> {
+            let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+            Ok(value["name"].as_str().ok_or("missing name field")?.to_string())
+        })
+        .collect::<TestResult<_>>()?;
+
+    assert_eq!(names, vec!["Alice", "Charlie"]);
+
+    let terminal_scalars = select_json_document(
+        &client,
+        JSON_DOCUMENT_OBJECT,
+        "SELECT NAME FROM S3Object[*].DEPARTMENTS[*].employees[*].NAME",
+    )
+    .await?;
+    let scalar_names: Vec<String> = terminal_scalars
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| -> TestResult<String> {
+            let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+            Ok(value["name"].as_str().ok_or("missing scalar name field")?.to_string())
+        })
+        .collect::<TestResult<_>>()?;
+    assert_eq!(scalar_names, vec!["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]);
+
+    let aliased_scalars = select_json_document(
+        &client,
+        JSON_DOCUMENT_OBJECT,
+        "SELECT v FROM S3Object[*].departments[*].employees[*].name AS v",
+    )
+    .await?;
+    let aliased_names: Vec<String> = aliased_scalars
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| -> TestResult<String> {
+            let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+            Ok(value["v"].as_str().ok_or("missing aliased scalar field")?.to_string())
+        })
+        .collect::<TestResult<_>>()?;
+    assert_eq!(aliased_names, vec!["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]);
+
+    let root_array = select_json_document(&client, JSON_ROOT_ARRAY_OBJECT, "SELECT c.name FROM S3Object[*][*] AS c").await?;
+    let root_names: Vec<String> = root_array
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| -> TestResult<String> {
+            let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+            Ok(value["name"].as_str().ok_or("missing root-array name field")?.to_string())
+        })
+        .collect::<TestResult<_>>()?;
+    assert_eq!(root_names, vec!["Alice", "Bob"]);
+
+    let root_index = select_json_document(&client, JSON_ROOT_ARRAY_OBJECT, "SELECT c.name FROM S3Object[*][0] AS c").await?;
+    let root_index_value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(root_index.trim())?;
+    assert_eq!(root_index_value["name"], "Alice");
+
+    let root_scalars = select_json_document(&client, JSON_ROOT_SCALAR_ARRAY_OBJECT, "SELECT V FROM S3Object AS V").await?;
+    let scalar_values: Vec<i64> = root_scalars
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| -> TestResult<i64> {
+            let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+            Ok(value["v"].as_i64().ok_or("missing root scalar value")?)
+        })
+        .collect::<TestResult<_>>()?;
+    assert_eq!(scalar_values, vec![1, 2]);
+
+    let implicit_root_scalars =
+        select_json_document(&client, JSON_ROOT_SCALAR_ARRAY_OBJECT, "SELECT S3Object FROM S3Object").await?;
+    let implicit_scalar_values: Vec<i64> = implicit_root_scalars
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| -> TestResult<i64> {
+            let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+            Ok(value["s3object"].as_i64().ok_or("missing implicit root scalar value")?)
+        })
+        .collect::<TestResult<_>>()?;
+    assert_eq!(implicit_scalar_values, vec![1, 2]);
+
+    let quoted_root_scalars =
+        select_json_document(&client, JSON_ROOT_SCALAR_ARRAY_OBJECT, "SELECT \"S3Object\" FROM \"S3Object\"").await?;
+    let quoted_scalar_values: Vec<i64> = quoted_root_scalars
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| -> TestResult<i64> {
+            let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(line)?;
+            Ok(value["S3Object"].as_i64().ok_or("missing quoted root scalar value")?)
+        })
+        .collect::<TestResult<_>>()?;
+    assert_eq!(quoted_scalar_values, vec![1, 2]);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 4)]
 async fn test_select_object_content_csv_limit() -> TestResult<()> {
    let (_env, client) = create_test_environment().await?;
@@ -23,14 +23,9 @@
 //!
 //! There are no containers, no external S3 backend and no `awscurl`: the
 //! `AddTier` admin call is signed in-process with `rustfs_signer`, exactly like
-//! the other admin-API e2e suites in this crate. Every warm backend's endpoint
-//! (including RustFS) runs through the shared outbound policy
-//! (crates/utils/src/egress.rs), which rejects loopback hosts by default, so
-//! `hot` is started with `RUSTFS_OUTBOUND_ALLOW_ORIGINS` set to `cold`'s exact
-//! origin (see `hot_env_for_tier`) to allow this hermetic suite's real
-//! `http://127.0.0.1:<port>` connectivity — the same operator escape hatch
-//! already used for webhook targets and OIDC discovery URLs, not a relaxation
-//! of the check itself.
+//! the other admin-API e2e suites in this crate. The source server uses the
+//! explicit test-only loopback opt-in to tier to `cold` over
+//! `http://127.0.0.1:<port>` while production keeps the SSRF guard enabled.
 //!
 //! The hermetic tests drive the transition and restore paths and pin the
 //! chains required by ilm-7 and the restore follow-up:
@@ -51,7 +46,7 @@
 //!      retry serves the object locally until expiry, and expiry leaves the
 //!      remote object available for a second restore.

-use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, local_http_client};
+use crate::common::RustFSTestEnvironment;
 use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
@@ -61,10 +56,6 @@ use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
    VersioningConfiguration,
 };
 use http::Method;
-use http::header::HOST;
-use rustfs_signer::constants::UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD;
-use rustfs_signer::sign_v4;
-use s3s::Body;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::time::{Duration as StdDuration, Instant};
 use time::{OffsetDateTime, format_description::well_known::Rfc3339};
@@ -105,6 +96,7 @@ const MANUAL_ACTIVE_CANCEL_OBJECTS: usize = 512;
 const MANUAL_RESTART_CANCEL_OBJECTS: usize = 512;
 const MANUAL_ACTIVE_CANCEL_RUNNING_TIMEOUT: StdDuration = StdDuration::from_secs(15);
 const MANUAL_TRANSITION_CANCEL_BARRIER_ENV: &str = "RUSTFS_E2E_MANUAL_TRANSITION_CANCEL_BARRIER";
+const ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV: (&str, &str) = ("RUSTFS_TIER_RUSTFS_ALLOW_LOOPBACK_ENDPOINT", "true");
 const MANUAL_ASYNC_CONFLICT_TERMINAL_TIMEOUT: StdDuration = StdDuration::from_secs(90);
 const MANUAL_RESTART_RECOVERY_TIMEOUT: StdDuration = StdDuration::from_secs(80);
 const OBJECT_KEY: &str = "tier/鲁A12345/report.bin";
@@ -121,6 +113,20 @@ const HDR_SOURCE_REPLICATION_REQUEST: &str = "x-rustfs-source-replication-reques
 const HDR_SOURCE_MTIME: &str = "x-rustfs-source-mtime";
 const TIER_MUTATION_RECOVERY_CHANGED: &str = "Remote tier mutation recovery changed before publish";

+async fn start_tier_source(hot: &mut RustFSTestEnvironment, extra_env: &[(&str, &str)]) -> TestResult {
+    let mut env = Vec::with_capacity(extra_env.len() + 1);
+    env.push(ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV);
+    env.extend_from_slice(extra_env);
+    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(vec![], &env).await
+}
+
+async fn restart_tier_source(hot: &mut RustFSTestEnvironment, extra_env: &[(&str, &str)]) -> TestResult {
+    let mut env = Vec::with_capacity(extra_env.len() + 1);
+    env.push(ALLOW_LOOPBACK_TIER_ENDPOINT_ENV);
+    env.extend_from_slice(extra_env);
+    hot.restart_server_preserving_data(vec![], &env).await
+}
+
 /// 5 MiB — the S3 minimum size for a non-final multipart part; the object's only
 /// internal part boundary sits at this offset.
 const PART0_SIZE: usize = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -136,9 +142,8 @@ fn payload() -> Vec<u8> {

 /// Sign and send an admin request in-process (no `awscurl`).
 ///
-/// Mirrors the shared admin-API e2e pattern: the SigV4 signature is computed
-/// over `UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD`, so the JSON body rides on the wire without being
-/// pre-hashed. Returns the response status and body text.
+/// Thin wrapper over [`crate::common::admin_request`], kept local so the call
+/// sites below keep their `Option<&str>` body shape.
 async fn signed_admin_request(
    base_url: &str,
    method: Method,
@@ -147,52 +152,7 @@ async fn signed_admin_request(
    access_key: &str,
    secret_key: &str,
 ) -> Result<(reqwest::StatusCode, String), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let url = format!("{base_url}{path}");
-    let uri = url.parse::<http::Uri>()?;
-    let authority = uri.authority().ok_or("request URL missing authority")?.to_string();
-    let body_bytes = body.map(|b| b.as_bytes().to_vec()).unwrap_or_default();
-
-    let request = http::Request::builder()
-        .method(method.clone())
-        .uri(uri)
-        .header(HOST, authority)
-        .header("x-amz-content-sha256", UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD);
-    let signed = sign_v4(request.body(Body::empty())?, 0, access_key, secret_key, "", "us-east-1");
-
-    let client = local_http_client();
-    let mut request_builder = client.request(method, url.as_str());
-    for (name, value) in signed.headers() {
-        request_builder = request_builder.header(name, value);
-    }
-    if !body_bytes.is_empty() {
-        request_builder = request_builder.body(body_bytes);
-    }
-    let response = request_builder.send().await?;
-    let status = response.status();
-    let text = response.text().await?;
-    Ok((status, text))
-}
-
-/// Extra child-process env for `hot` when it will be wired to a `cold` tier
-/// target over loopback.
-///
-/// `WarmBackendRustFS::new` now runs every tier endpoint through the shared
-/// outbound policy (crates/utils/src/egress.rs), which rejects loopback hosts
-/// by default just like the S3/Wasabi tier types already did. This hermetic
-/// suite's `cold` target is a second embedded server on `127.0.0.1`, so `hot`
-/// needs an explicit, exact-origin allowlist entry to reach it — the same
-/// operator escape hatch already used for webhook targets and OIDC discovery
-/// URLs, not a relaxation of the check itself (metadata/link-local/unspecified
-/// hosts stay forbidden even with this set).
-///
-/// Takes `cold`'s origin as a plain `&str` (rather than `&RustFSTestEnvironment`)
-/// so building this env list never holds a live borrow of `cold` itself — tests
-/// that later call a `&mut cold` method (e.g. `stop_server`) can pass an owned
-/// clone of `cold.url` instead.
-fn hot_env_for_tier<'a>(cold_origin: &'a str, extra: &[(&'a str, &'a str)]) -> Vec<(&'a str, &'a str)> {
-    let mut env = vec![("RUSTFS_OUTBOUND_ALLOW_ORIGINS", cold_origin)];
-    env.extend_from_slice(extra);
-    env
+    crate::common::admin_request(base_url, method, path, body.map(str::to_string), access_key, secret_key).await
 }

 /// Wire `hot` -> `cold` as a `TierType::RustFS` remote tier via `AddTier`.
@@ -250,19 +210,27 @@ async fn add_rustfs_tier(hot: &RustFSTestEnvironment, cold: &RustFSTestEnvironme
    }
 }

-async fn remove_rustfs_tier_force(hot: &RustFSTestEnvironment) -> TestResult {
-    let path = format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/tier/{TIER_NAME}?force=true");
+fn clear_tiers_confirmation_token(now: OffsetDateTime) -> String {
+    let mut rand = "AGD1R25GI3I1GJGUGJFD7FBS4DFAASDF".to_string();
+    rand.insert_str(3, &now.day().to_string());
+    rand.insert_str(17, &now.month().to_string());
+    rand.insert_str(23, &now.year().to_string());
+    rand
+}
+
+async fn clear_rustfs_tiers_force(hot: &RustFSTestEnvironment) -> TestResult {
    let deadline = Instant::now() + StdDuration::from_secs(30);
    loop {
-        let (status, resp) =
-            signed_admin_request(&hot.url, Method::DELETE, &path, None, &hot.access_key, &hot.secret_key).await?;
+        let rand = clear_tiers_confirmation_token(OffsetDateTime::now_utc());
+        let path = format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/tier/clear?rand={rand}&force=true");
+        let (status, resp) = signed_admin_request(&hot.url, Method::POST, &path, None, &hot.access_key, &hot.secret_key).await?;
        if status.is_success() {
            return Ok(());
        }
        if (!resp.contains("TierNameBackendInUse") && !resp.contains(TIER_MUTATION_RECOVERY_CHANGED))
            || Instant::now() >= deadline
        {
-            return Err(format!("RemoveTier(RustFS) failed: status={status}, body={resp}").into());
+            return Err(format!("ClearTier(RustFS) failed: status={status}, body={resp}").into());
        }
        // Tier mutation cleanup and startup recovery are asynchronous.
        tokio::time::sleep(StdDuration::from_millis(100)).await;
@@ -915,8 +883,7 @@ async fn test_hermetic_transition_main_path() -> TestResult {
    // Hot/source server. A 1s scanner cycle is a backstop; transition is
    // primarily driven immediately by the multipart completion path.
    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(vec![], &hot_env_for_tier(cold.url.as_str(), &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "1")]))
-        .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "1")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();

    // Wire the RustFS remote tier (real connectivity probe, no force).
@@ -1014,11 +981,7 @@ async fn test_hermetic_transition_restore_failure_expiry_and_retry() -> TestResu
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(cold.url.as_str(), &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "1"), ("RUSTFS_ILM_DEBUG_DAY_SECS", "5")]),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "1"), ("RUSTFS_ILM_DEBUG_DAY_SECS", "5")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;

@@ -1146,14 +1109,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_run_black_box_semantics() -> TestResult {
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;
    let due_mtime = OffsetDateTime::now_utc() - time::Duration::hours(25);
@@ -1258,14 +1214,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_job_status_polling() -> TestResult {
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;

@@ -1363,14 +1312,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_limit_reports_terminal_partial() -> TestRe
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;

@@ -1531,16 +1473,13 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_scope_conflicts_report_active_job() -> Tes
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[
-                ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"),
-                ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600"),
-                (MANUAL_TRANSITION_CANCEL_BARRIER_ENV, "1"),
-            ],
-        ),
+    start_tier_source(
+        &mut hot,
+        &[
+            ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"),
+            ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600"),
+            (MANUAL_TRANSITION_CANCEL_BARRIER_ENV, "1"),
+        ],
    )
    .await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
@@ -1644,14 +1583,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_different_buckets_admit_concurrently() ->
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;

@@ -1771,14 +1703,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_tier_failure_reports_terminal_partial() ->
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;

@@ -1791,7 +1716,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_tier_failure_reports_terminal_partial() ->
        0,
    )
    .await?;
-    remove_rustfs_tier_force(&hot).await?;
+    clear_rustfs_tiers_force(&hot).await?;

    let due_mtime = OffsetDateTime::now_utc() - time::Duration::hours(25);
    put_backdated_single_part_object(
@@ -1870,14 +1795,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_worker_failure_reports_terminal_partial()
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;
    cold.stop_server();
@@ -1969,16 +1887,13 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_active_cancel_reports_terminal_cancelled()
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[
-                ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"),
-                ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600"),
-                (MANUAL_TRANSITION_CANCEL_BARRIER_ENV, "1"),
-            ],
-        ),
+    start_tier_source(
+        &mut hot,
+        &[
+            ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"),
+            ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600"),
+            (MANUAL_TRANSITION_CANCEL_BARRIER_ENV, "1"),
+        ],
    )
    .await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
@@ -2071,20 +1986,14 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_cancel_after_process_restart_recovers_term
    let cold_client = cold.create_s3_client();
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

-    // Owned copy: `cold` is stopped (a `&mut cold` call) below, and
-    // `restart_env` must stay valid past that point for the later restart.
-    let cold_origin = cold.url.clone();
-    let restart_env = hot_env_for_tier(
-        &cold_origin,
-        &[
-            ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"),
-            ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600"),
-            ("RUSTFS_MAX_TRANSITION_WORKERS", "1"),
-            ("RUSTFS_TRANSITION_QUEUE_CAPACITY", "512"),
-        ],
-    );
+    let restart_env = [
+        ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"),
+        ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600"),
+        ("RUSTFS_MAX_TRANSITION_WORKERS", "1"),
+        ("RUSTFS_TRANSITION_QUEUE_CAPACITY", "512"),
+    ];
    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(vec![], &restart_env).await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &restart_env).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;

@@ -2112,7 +2021,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_async_cancel_after_process_restart_recovers_term
        .ok_or("async response must include status_endpoint")?;
    assert_eq!(accepted.cancel_endpoint.as_deref(), Some(status_endpoint));

-    hot.restart_server_preserving_data(vec![], &restart_env).await?;
+    restart_tier_source(&mut hot, &restart_env).await?;

    let restarted = manual_transition_job_status(&hot, status_endpoint).await?;
    assert_eq!(restarted.job_id, job_id);
@@ -2236,14 +2145,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_run_contract_no_status_cancel_fields() -> TestRe
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;

@@ -2281,14 +2183,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_run_continuation_token_resumes_without_raw_marke
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    start_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
    add_rustfs_tier(&hot, &cold).await?;

@@ -2328,14 +2223,7 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_run_continuation_token_resumes_without_raw_marke
        "continuation token must not expose the raw object prefix: {continuation}"
    );

-    hot.restart_server_preserving_data(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")],
-        ),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    restart_tier_source(&mut hot, &[("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"), ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600")]).await?;

    let second = manual_transition_run_with_max_and_continuation(
        &hot,
@@ -2368,17 +2256,14 @@ async fn test_manual_transition_run_queue_pressure_partial() -> TestResult {
    cold_client.create_bucket().bucket(TIER_BUCKET).send().await?;

    let mut hot = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
-    hot.start_rustfs_server_with_env(
-        vec![],
-        &hot_env_for_tier(
-            cold.url.as_str(),
-            &[
-                ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"),
-                ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600"),
-                ("RUSTFS_MAX_TRANSITION_WORKERS", "1"),
-                ("RUSTFS_TRANSITION_QUEUE_CAPACITY", "1"),
-            ],
-        ),
+    start_tier_source(
+        &mut hot,
+        &[
+            ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_ENABLED", "false"),
+            ("RUSTFS_SCANNER_CYCLE", "3600"),
+            ("RUSTFS_MAX_TRANSITION_WORKERS", "1"),
+            ("RUSTFS_TRANSITION_QUEUE_CAPACITY", "1"),
+        ],
    )
    .await?;
    let hot_client = hot.create_s3_client();
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 use crate::common::{
-    RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_create_user, awscurl_post_sts_form_urlencoded, init_logging, local_http_client,
-    replication_fast_env, rustfs_binary_path, signed_request, signed_request_with_client, signed_request_with_session_token,
+    AdminTransport, RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_add_canned_policy_via, admin_attach_user_policy_via, admin_create_user,
+    awscurl_post_sts_form_urlencoded, init_logging, local_http_client, replication_fast_env, rustfs_binary_path, signed_request,
+    signed_request_with_client, signed_request_with_session_token,
 };
 use crate::fake_s3_target::{
    FAKE_ACCESS_KEY, FAKE_SECRET_KEY, FakeS3Target, FaultAction as FakeTargetFault, Operation as FakeTargetOperation,
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::kms::common::{
    sse_customer_key_md5_base64,
 };
 use crate::storage_api::replication_extension::BucketTargetSys;
-use aws_sdk_s3::config::{Credentials, Region};
+use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
 use aws_sdk_s3::operation::list_object_versions::ListObjectVersionsOutput;
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@ use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
    BucketVersioningStatus, CompletedMultipartUpload, CompletedPart, DeleteMarkerEntry, ObjectVersion, ServerSideEncryption,
    VersioningConfiguration,
 };
-use aws_sdk_s3::{Client, Config};
 use base64_simd::STANDARD as BASE64_STANDARD;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use flate2::read::GzDecoder;
@@ -895,15 +895,7 @@ async fn wait_for_replicated_object_over_https(
 }

 fn create_user_s3_client(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, access_key: &str, secret_key: &str) -> Client {
-    let credentials = Credentials::new(access_key, secret_key, None, None, "e2e-site-replication");
-    let config = Config::builder()
-        .credentials_provider(credentials)
-        .region(Region::new("us-east-1"))
-        .endpoint_url(&env.url)
-        .force_path_style(true)
-        .behavior_version_latest()
-        .build();
-    Client::from_conf(config)
+    env.create_s3_client_with_credentials(access_key, secret_key)
 }

 async fn admin_add_canned_policy(
@@ -911,24 +903,15 @@ async fn admin_add_canned_policy(
    policy_name: &str,
    policy: &serde_json::Value,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-canned-policy?name={}", env.url, policy_name);
-    let response = signed_request(
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        &url,
+    admin_add_canned_policy_via(
+        AdminTransport::Signed,
+        &env.url,
        &env.access_key,
        &env.secret_key,
-        Some(policy.to_string().into_bytes()),
-        Some("application/json"),
+        policy_name,
+        &policy.to_string(),
    )
-    .await?;
-
-    if response.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-        let status = response.status();
-        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-        return Err(format!("add canned policy failed: {status} {body}").into());
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
+    .await
 }

 async fn admin_attach_policy_to_user(
@@ -936,19 +919,7 @@ async fn admin_attach_policy_to_user(
    policy_name: &str,
    username: &str,
 ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
-    let url = format!(
-        "{}/rustfs/admin/v3/set-user-or-group-policy?policyName={}&userOrGroup={}&isGroup=false",
-        env.url, policy_name, username
-    );
-    let response = signed_request(http::Method::PUT, &url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, Some(Vec::new()), None).await?;
-
-    if response.status() != StatusCode::OK {
-        let status = response.status();
-        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
-        return Err(format!("attach policy to user failed: {status} {body}").into());
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
+    admin_attach_user_policy_via(AdminTransport::Signed, &env.url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, policy_name, username).await
 }

 async fn admin_update_group_members(
@@ -1941,6 +1912,21 @@ async fn site_replication_info(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment) -> Result<SiteReplic
    Ok(serde_json::from_slice(&response.bytes().await?)?)
 }

+async fn site_replication_rotate_svc_acct(
+    env: &RustFSTestEnvironment,
+) -> Result<ReplicateEditStatus, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/site-replication/rotate-svc-acct", env.url);
+    let response = signed_request(http::Method::POST, &url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key, None, None).await?;
+
+    if response.status() != StatusCode::OK {
+        let status = response.status();
+        let body = response.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
+        return Err(format!("site replication rotate-svc-acct failed: {status} {body}").into());
+    }
+
+    Ok(serde_json::from_slice(&response.bytes().await?)?)
+}
+
 async fn site_replication_resync_op(
    env: &RustFSTestEnvironment,
    operation: &str,
@@ -6339,6 +6325,112 @@ async fn test_site_replication_remove_all_real_dual_node() -> Result<(), Box<dyn
    Ok(())
 }

+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_site_replication_rotate_svc_acct_completes_and_replication_survives_real_dual_node()
+-> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    init_logging();
+
+    let mut source_env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    source_env
+        .start_rustfs_server_with_env(vec![], LOOPBACK_REPLICATION_TARGET_ENV)
+        .await?;
+
+    let mut target_env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    target_env
+        .start_rustfs_server_without_cleanup_with_env(LOOPBACK_REPLICATION_TARGET_ENV)
+        .await?;
+
+    let source_client = source_env.create_s3_client();
+    let target_client = target_env.create_s3_client();
+    let bucket = "site-repl-rotate-svc-acct";
+
+    let add_status = site_replication_add(
+        &source_env,
+        &[
+            PeerSite {
+                name: "source-site".to_string(),
+                endpoint: source_env.url.clone(),
+                access_key: source_env.access_key.clone(),
+                secret_key: source_env.secret_key.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            PeerSite {
+                name: "target-site".to_string(),
+                endpoint: target_env.url.clone(),
+                access_key: target_env.access_key.clone(),
+                secret_key: target_env.secret_key.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        ],
+    )
+    .await?;
+    assert!(add_status.success, "unexpected site add result: {add_status:?}");
+
+    let _source_info = wait_for_site_replication_enabled(&source_env, 2).await?;
+    let _target_info = wait_for_site_replication_enabled(&target_env, 2).await?;
+
+    source_client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+    enable_bucket_versioning(&source_env, bucket).await?;
+    wait_for_bucket_on_target(&target_client, bucket).await?;
+    let baseline_payload = b"before rotation".to_vec();
+    source_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("before-rotate.txt")
+        .body(ByteStream::from(baseline_payload.clone()))
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    let replicated_baseline = wait_for_object_on_target(&target_client, bucket, "before-rotate.txt").await?;
+    assert_eq!(replicated_baseline, baseline_payload);
+
+    // A single rotation call must finish the whole hand-over. Before the fix
+    // the join push could only sign with the freshly installed secret, every
+    // peer rejected it, the rotation stayed pending forever, and both
+    // replication directions were dead until an operator retried.
+    let rotate_status = site_replication_rotate_svc_acct(&source_env).await?;
+    assert!(rotate_status.success, "rotation did not complete in one call: {rotate_status:?}");
+
+    for env in [&source_env, &target_env] {
+        let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(30);
+        loop {
+            let info = site_replication_info(env).await?;
+            if info.enabled && info.pending_operation.is_none() {
+                break;
+            }
+            if std::time::Instant::now() > deadline {
+                return Err(format!("rotation left {} with a pending operation: {:?}", env.url, info.pending_operation).into());
+            }
+            tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Replication must actually flow again in both directions with the
+    // rotated service-account secret.
+    let forward_payload = b"after rotation from source".to_vec();
+    source_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("after-rotate-forward.txt")
+        .body(ByteStream::from(forward_payload.clone()))
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    let replicated_forward = wait_for_object_on_target(&target_client, bucket, "after-rotate-forward.txt").await?;
+    assert_eq!(replicated_forward, forward_payload);
+
+    let reverse_payload = b"after rotation from target".to_vec();
+    target_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(bucket)
+        .key("after-rotate-reverse.txt")
+        .body(ByteStream::from(reverse_payload.clone()))
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    let replicated_reverse = wait_for_object_on_target(&source_client, bucket, "after-rotate-reverse.txt").await?;
+    assert_eq!(replicated_reverse, reverse_payload);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn test_site_replication_state_edit_fresh_and_stale_real_dual_node() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
    init_logging();
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Raw HTTP regression coverage for the Select request root alias (backlog#1626).
+
+use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, signed_s3_request};
+use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
+use http::Method;
+use std::error::Error;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+type TestResult<T = ()> = Result<T, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>;
+
+const CSV_BODY: &[u8] = b"name\nGatewayJ-root-alias\nignored\n";
+const EXPECTED_RECORD: &[u8] = b"GatewayJ-root-alias";
+
+fn select_request(root: &str) -> String {
+    format!(
+        r#"<{root} xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
+<Expression>SELECT s.name FROM S3Object s WHERE s.name = 'GatewayJ-root-alias'</Expression>
+<ExpressionType>SQL</ExpressionType>
+<InputSerialization><CSV><FileHeaderInfo>USE</FileHeaderInfo></CSV></InputSerialization>
+<OutputSerialization><CSV/></OutputSerialization>
+</{root}>"#
+    )
+}
+
+async fn raw_select(env: &RustFSTestEnvironment, bucket: &str, object: &str, root: &str) -> TestResult {
+    let response = signed_s3_request(
+        Method::POST,
+        &format!("{}/{bucket}/{object}?select&select-type=2", env.url),
+        Some(select_request(root)),
+        Some("application/xml"),
+        &env.access_key,
+        &env.secret_key,
+    )
+    .await?;
+    let status = response.status();
+    let body = response.bytes().await?.to_vec();
+    assert_eq!(
+        status,
+        reqwest::StatusCode::OK,
+        "{root} root was rejected: {}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&body)
+    );
+    assert!(
+        body.windows(EXPECTED_RECORD.len()).any(|window| window == EXPECTED_RECORD),
+        "{root} root did not return the projected record"
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn select_request_root_alias_reaches_select_endpoint() -> TestResult {
+    let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+    env.start_rustfs_server(Vec::new()).await?;
+    let client = env.create_s3_client();
+    let bucket = format!("select-root-{}", Uuid::new_v4().simple());
+    let object = "input.csv";
+
+    client.create_bucket().bucket(&bucket).send().await?;
+    client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(&bucket)
+        .key(object)
+        .body(ByteStream::from_static(CSV_BODY))
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+
+    raw_select(&env, &bucket, object, "SelectObjectContentRequest").await?;
+    raw_select(&env, &bucket, object, "SelectRequest").await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -17,8 +17,56 @@ mod tests {
    use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging};
    use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
    use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
+    use flate2::{Compression, write::GzEncoder};
    use std::error::Error;
-    use std::io::Cursor;
+    use std::io::{Cursor, Write};
+
+    fn pax_record(key: &str, value: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let payload = format!("{key}={value}\n");
+        let mut len = payload.len() + 3;
+        loop {
+            let record = format!("{len} {payload}");
+            if record.len() == len {
+                return record.into_bytes();
+            }
+            len = record.len();
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn append_pax_header(
+        builder: &mut tokio_tar::Builder<Cursor<Vec<u8>>>,
+        entry_type: tokio_tar::EntryType,
+        records: &[(&str, &str)],
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut payload = Vec::new();
+        for (key, value) in records {
+            payload.extend(pax_record(key, value));
+        }
+        let mut header = tokio_tar::Header::new_ustar();
+        header.set_entry_type(entry_type);
+        header.set_size(u64::try_from(payload.len()).expect("PAX payload length should fit in u64"));
+        header.set_mode(0o644);
+        header.set_cksum();
+        builder
+            .append_data(&mut header, "PaxHeaders.X/snowball", Cursor::new(payload))
+            .await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn append_typed_entry(
+        builder: &mut tokio_tar::Builder<Cursor<Vec<u8>>>,
+        path: &str,
+        entry_type: tokio_tar::EntryType,
+        body: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut header = tokio_tar::Header::new_gnu();
+        header.set_entry_type(entry_type);
+        header.set_size(u64::try_from(body.len()).expect("TAR member length should fit in u64"));
+        header.set_mode(0o644);
+        header.set_cksum();
+        builder.append_data(&mut header, path, Cursor::new(body)).await?;
+        Ok(())
+    }

    async fn build_test_archive() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
        let mut builder = tokio_tar::Builder::new(Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
@@ -69,12 +117,50 @@ mod tests {
        Ok(builder.into_inner().await?.into_inner())
    }

-    fn build_archive_with_parent_dir_entry(victim_bucket: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
-        let path = format!("../{victim_bucket}/evil-injected.txt");
-        let data = b"injected-body";
+    async fn build_archive_with_invalid_checksum() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut archive = build_test_archive().await?;
+        archive[0] ^= 1;
+        Ok(archive)
+    }
+
+    async fn build_archive_with_negative_gnu_mtime() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut builder = tokio_tar::Builder::new(Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
+        let mut header = tokio_tar::Header::new_gnu();
+        header.set_size(b"negative-mtime-body".len() as u64);
+        header.set_mode(0o644);
+        header.as_old_mut().mtime.fill(0xff);
+        builder
+            .append_data(&mut header, "negative-mtime.txt", Cursor::new(b"negative-mtime-body".as_slice()))
+            .await?;
+        Ok(builder.into_inner().await?.into_inner())
+    }
+
+    fn gzip_member(payload: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut encoder = GzEncoder::new(Vec::new(), Compression::default());
+        encoder.write_all(payload)?;
+        Ok(encoder.finish()?)
+    }
+
+    async fn build_concatenated_gzip_archive() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let archive = build_test_archive().await?;
+        let split_at = archive.len() / 2;
+        let mut encoded = gzip_member(&archive[..split_at])?;
+        encoded.extend(gzip_member(&archive[split_at..])?);
+        Ok(encoded)
+    }
+
+    async fn build_gzip_archive_with_invalid_crc() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut encoded = gzip_member(&build_test_archive().await?)?;
+        let crc_offset = encoded.len().checked_sub(8).expect("gzip fixture must contain a trailer");
+        encoded[crc_offset] ^= 1;
+        Ok(encoded)
+    }
+
+    fn append_raw_tar_entry_with_type(archive: &mut Vec<u8>, path: &[u8], data: &[u8], entry_type: u8) {
+        assert!(path.len() <= 100, "raw TAR fixture path must fit in the name field");
        let mut header = [0u8; 512];

-        header[..path.len()].copy_from_slice(path.as_bytes());
+        header[..path.len()].copy_from_slice(path);
        header[100..108].copy_from_slice(b"0000644\0");
        header[108..116].copy_from_slice(b"0000000\0");
        header[116..124].copy_from_slice(b"0000000\0");
@@ -82,7 +168,7 @@ mod tests {
        header[124..136].copy_from_slice(size.as_bytes());
        header[136..148].copy_from_slice(b"00000000000\0");
        header[148..156].fill(b' ');
-        header[156] = b'0';
+        header[156] = entry_type;
        header[257..263].copy_from_slice(b"ustar\0");
        header[263..265].copy_from_slice(b"00");

@@ -90,11 +176,87 @@ mod tests {
        let checksum = format!("{:06o}\0 ", checksum);
        header[148..156].copy_from_slice(checksum.as_bytes());

-        let mut archive = Vec::new();
        archive.extend_from_slice(&header);
        archive.extend_from_slice(data);
        let padding = (512 - (data.len() % 512)) % 512;
        archive.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(0, padding));
+    }
+
+    fn append_raw_tar_entry(archive: &mut Vec<u8>, path: &[u8], data: &[u8]) {
+        append_raw_tar_entry_with_type(archive, path, data, b'0');
+    }
+
+    fn build_archive_with_parent_dir_entry(victim_bucket: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let path = format!("../{victim_bucket}/evil-injected.txt");
+        let mut archive = Vec::new();
+        append_raw_tar_entry(&mut archive, path.as_bytes(), b"injected-body");
+        archive.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 1024]);
+        archive
+    }
+
+    async fn build_member_semantics_archive() -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut builder = tokio_tar::Builder::new(Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
+        append_pax_header(
+            &mut builder,
+            tokio_tar::EntryType::XGlobalHeader,
+            &[
+                ("minio.metadata.x-amz-meta-owner", "global"),
+                ("minio.metadata.x-amz-meta-snowball-auto-extract", "true"),
+            ],
+        )
+        .await?;
+        append_pax_header(
+            &mut builder,
+            tokio_tar::EntryType::XHeader,
+            &[("minio.metadata.x-amz-meta-owner", "local")],
+        )
+        .await?;
+        append_typed_entry(&mut builder, "regular.txt", tokio_tar::EntryType::Regular, b"regular-body").await?;
+        for (path, entry_type) in [
+            ("char", tokio_tar::EntryType::Char),
+            ("block", tokio_tar::EntryType::Block),
+            ("fifo", tokio_tar::EntryType::Fifo),
+        ] {
+            append_typed_entry(&mut builder, path, entry_type, b"").await?;
+        }
+        let mut directory = tokio_tar::Header::new_gnu();
+        directory.set_entry_type(tokio_tar::EntryType::Directory);
+        directory.set_size(0);
+        directory.set_mode(0o755);
+        directory.set_cksum();
+        builder
+            .append_data(&mut directory, "directory/", Cursor::new(Vec::new()))
+            .await?;
+        for (path, entry_type) in [
+            ("hard-link", tokio_tar::EntryType::Link),
+            ("symlink", tokio_tar::EntryType::Symlink),
+            ("continuous", tokio_tar::EntryType::Continuous),
+            ("unknown", tokio_tar::EntryType::Other(b'9')),
+        ] {
+            append_typed_entry(&mut builder, path, entry_type, b"").await?;
+        }
+        Ok(builder.into_inner().await?.into_inner())
+    }
+
+    async fn build_versioned_member_archive(path: &str, version_id: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        let mut builder = tokio_tar::Builder::new(Cursor::new(Vec::new()));
+        append_pax_header(&mut builder, tokio_tar::EntryType::XHeader, &[("minio.versionId", version_id)]).await?;
+        append_typed_entry(&mut builder, path, tokio_tar::EntryType::Regular, b"versioned-body").await?;
+        Ok(builder.into_inner().await?.into_inner())
+    }
+
+    fn build_archive_with_invalid_utf8_entry() -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut archive = Vec::new();
+        append_raw_tar_entry(&mut archive, b"invalid-\xff.txt", b"ignored-body");
+        append_raw_tar_entry(&mut archive, b"valid.txt", b"valid-body");
+        archive.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 1024]);
+        archive
+    }
+
+    fn build_archive_with_invalid_utf8_symlink() -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut archive = Vec::new();
+        append_raw_tar_entry_with_type(&mut archive, b"invalid-\xff-link", b"", b'2');
+        append_raw_tar_entry(&mut archive, b"valid.txt", b"valid-body");
        archive.extend_from_slice(&[0u8; 1024]);
        archive
    }
@@ -135,6 +297,147 @@ mod tests {
        Ok(())
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_applies_member_semantics_and_metadata_precedence() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>
+    {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-member-semantics";
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+        client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("fixture.tar")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .metadata("Minio-Snowball-Prefix", "members")
+            .metadata("owner", "outer")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(build_member_semantics_archive().await?))
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+
+        let regular = client.head_object().bucket(bucket).key("members/regular.txt").send().await?;
+        let regular_metadata = regular.metadata().expect("regular member should expose metadata");
+        assert_eq!(regular_metadata.get("owner").map(String::as_str), Some("local"));
+        assert!(!regular_metadata.contains_key("snowball-auto-extract"));
+        assert!(!regular_metadata.contains_key("minio-snowball-prefix"));
+
+        for key in ["char", "block", "fifo"] {
+            let head = client
+                .head_object()
+                .bucket(bucket)
+                .key(format!("members/{key}"))
+                .send()
+                .await?;
+            assert_eq!(head.content_length(), Some(0), "{key} should be materialized as an empty object");
+            assert_eq!(
+                head.metadata().and_then(|metadata| metadata.get("owner")).map(String::as_str),
+                Some("outer"),
+                "{key} should not inherit global PAX metadata"
+            );
+        }
+        let directory = client.head_object().bucket(bucket).key("members/directory/").send().await?;
+        assert_eq!(directory.content_length(), Some(0));
+
+        for key in ["hard-link", "symlink", "continuous", "unknown"] {
+            let error = client
+                .head_object()
+                .bucket(bucket)
+                .key(format!("members/{key}"))
+                .send()
+                .await
+                .expect_err("unsupported TAR entry type must be skipped");
+            assert_eq!(error.into_service_error().code(), Some("NotFound"), "{key}");
+        }
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_validates_pax_version_id_against_bucket_state() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-version-semantics";
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+
+        client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("null.tar")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(build_versioned_member_archive("null.txt", "null").await?))
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+        let null_member = client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key("null.txt").send().await?;
+        assert_eq!(null_member.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"versioned-body");
+
+        for (archive_key, member_key, version_id) in [
+            ("uuid.tar", "uuid.txt", uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string()),
+            ("uppercase-null.tar", "uppercase-null.txt", "NULL".to_string()),
+        ] {
+            let error = client
+                .put_object()
+                .bucket(bucket)
+                .key(archive_key)
+                .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+                .body(ByteStream::from(build_versioned_member_archive(member_key, &version_id).await?))
+                .send()
+                .await
+                .expect_err("invalid or unversioned UUID import must be rejected");
+            assert_eq!(error.into_service_error().code(), Some("InvalidArgument"), "{archive_key}");
+            let missing = client
+                .head_object()
+                .bucket(bucket)
+                .key(member_key)
+                .send()
+                .await
+                .expect_err("rejected version import must not create an object");
+            assert_eq!(missing.into_service_error().code(), Some("NotFound"), "{member_key}");
+        }
+
+        client
+            .put_bucket_versioning()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .versioning_configuration(
+                aws_sdk_s3::types::VersioningConfiguration::builder()
+                    .status(aws_sdk_s3::types::BucketVersioningStatus::Enabled)
+                    .build(),
+            )
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+        let imported_version_id = uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("versioned-uuid.tar")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(
+                build_versioned_member_archive("versioned-uuid.txt", &imported_version_id).await?,
+            ))
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+        let imported = client
+            .get_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("versioned-uuid.txt")
+            .version_id(&imported_version_id)
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+        assert_eq!(imported.version_id(), Some(imported_version_id.as_str()));
+        assert_eq!(imported.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"versioned-body");
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn snowball_auto_extract_supports_standard_headers_with_combined_extract_options()
    -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
@@ -263,6 +566,113 @@ mod tests {
        Ok(())
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_accepts_negative_gnu_mtime() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-negative-mtime";
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+        client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("fixture.tar")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(build_archive_with_negative_gnu_mtime().await?))
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+
+        let object = client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key("negative-mtime.txt").send().await?;
+        assert_eq!(object.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"negative-mtime-body");
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_consumes_concatenated_gzip_members() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-concatenated-gzip";
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+        client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("fixture.tar.gz")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(build_concatenated_gzip_archive().await?))
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+
+        let object = client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key("root.txt").send().await?;
+        assert_eq!(object.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"root payload\n");
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_rejects_gzip_crc_error_when_ignore_errors_enabled() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>
+    {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-gzip-crc-ignore-errors";
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+        let err = client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("fixture.tar.gz")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .metadata("Minio-Snowball-Ignore-Errors", "true")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(build_gzip_archive_with_invalid_crc().await?))
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .expect_err("gzip integrity failures must remain fatal under ignore-errors");
+
+        assert_eq!(err.into_service_error().code(), Some("InvalidArgument"));
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_rejects_mismatched_content_md5() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-content-md5";
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+        let err = client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("fixture.tar")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .content_md5("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(build_test_archive().await?))
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .expect_err("mismatched Content-MD5 must fail after the raw body reaches EOF");
+
+        assert_eq!(err.into_service_error().code(), Some("BadDigest"));
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn snowball_auto_extract_ignores_invalid_entries_when_requested() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
        init_logging();
@@ -299,7 +709,100 @@ mod tests {
    }

    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn snowball_auto_extract_rejects_parent_dir_entry_without_cross_bucket_write()
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_skips_non_utf8_symlink_without_ignore_errors() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-invalid-utf8-link";
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+
+        client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("fixture.tar")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(build_archive_with_invalid_utf8_symlink()))
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+
+        let valid = client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key("valid.txt").send().await?;
+        assert_eq!(valid.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"valid-body");
+        let listed = client.list_objects_v2().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+        let keys: Vec<_> = listed.contents().iter().filter_map(|entry| entry.key()).collect();
+        assert_eq!(keys, vec!["valid.txt"]);
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_skips_non_utf8_member_without_lossy_key_collision() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>>
+    {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-invalid-utf8";
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+
+        client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("fixture.tar")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .metadata("Minio-Snowball-Ignore-Errors", "true")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(build_archive_with_invalid_utf8_entry()))
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+
+        let valid = client.get_object().bucket(bucket).key("valid.txt").send().await?;
+        assert_eq!(valid.body.collect().await?.into_bytes().as_ref(), b"valid-body");
+        let listed = client.list_objects_v2().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+        let keys: Vec<_> = listed.contents().iter().filter_map(|entry| entry.key()).collect();
+        assert_eq!(keys, vec!["valid.txt"]);
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_rejects_corrupt_tar_when_ignore_errors_enabled() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
+        init_logging();
+
+        let mut env = RustFSTestEnvironment::new().await?;
+        env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
+
+        let client = env.create_s3_client();
+        let bucket = "snowball-corrupt-ignore-errors";
+        let archive = build_archive_with_invalid_checksum().await?;
+        client.create_bucket().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+
+        let err = client
+            .put_object()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key("fixture.tar")
+            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .metadata("Minio-Snowball-Ignore-Errors", "true")
+            .body(ByteStream::from(archive))
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .expect_err("corrupt TAR structure must remain fatal under ignore-errors");
+        assert_eq!(err.into_service_error().code(), Some("InvalidArgument"));
+
+        let listed = client.list_objects_v2().bucket(bucket).send().await?;
+        assert!(listed.contents().is_empty(), "corrupt archive must not produce objects");
+
+        env.stop_server();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn snowball_auto_extract_rejects_parent_dir_entry_even_when_ignore_errors_enabled()
    -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync>> {
        init_logging();

@@ -319,6 +822,7 @@ mod tests {
            .bucket(attacker_bucket)
            .key("fixture.tar")
            .metadata("Snowball-Auto-Extract", "true")
+            .metadata("Minio-Snowball-Ignore-Errors", "true")
            .body(ByteStream::from(archive))
            .send()
            .await
@@ -12,14 +12,17 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

-use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging};
+use crate::common::{RustFSTestClusterEnvironment, RustFSTestEnvironment, init_logging, rustfs_binary_path};
 use aws_sdk_s3::Client;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
 use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
 use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
    BucketVersioningStatus, CompletedMultipartUpload, CompletedPart, ServerSideEncryption, VersioningConfiguration,
 };
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::task::JoinSet;
+use tokio::time::{Instant, sleep};

 type TestResult = Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>;

@@ -28,6 +31,14 @@ const SSE_MASTER_KEY_ENV: &str = "RUSTFS_SSE_S3_MASTER_KEY";
 const SSE_MASTER_KEY: &str = "QkJCQkJCQkJCQkJCQkJCQkJCQkJCQkJCQkJCQkJCQkI=";
 const PLAIN_BUCKET: &str = "upgrade-plain-data";
 const VERSIONED_BUCKET: &str = "upgrade-versioned-data";
+const MIXED_BUCKET: &str = "upgrade-mixed-version-data";
+const MIXED_NODE_COUNT: usize = 4;
+const MULTIPART_WORKERS: usize = 16;
+const MULTIPART_UPLOADS_PER_WORKER: usize = 16;
+// Peers keep a restarted node's drive in Suspect/Returning for roughly
+// probe_interval (2s) x success_threshold (3) after it comes back; 30s
+// comfortably covers that window plus CI scheduling jitter.
+const LISTING_CONVERGENCE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);

 fn source_binary() -> Result<PathBuf, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
    let path = std::env::var_os(SOURCE_BINARY_ENV)
@@ -103,6 +114,132 @@ async fn write_multipart(client: &Client, bucket: &str, key: &str, parts: &[Vec<
    Ok(())
 }

+fn configure_cluster_logs(cluster: &mut RustFSTestClusterEnvironment) -> TestResult {
+    let Some(log_dir) = std::env::var_os("RUSTFS_E2E_LOG_DIR") else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&log_dir)?;
+    for node_idx in 0..cluster.nodes.len() {
+        let path = Path::new(&log_dir).join(format!("mixed-upgrade-node-{node_idx}.log"));
+        cluster.set_node_capture_log_path(node_idx, path.to_string_lossy().into_owned())?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn write_multipart_load(clients: &[Client], phase: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
+    let mut tasks = JoinSet::new();
+    for worker in 0..MULTIPART_WORKERS {
+        let client = clients[worker % clients.len()].clone();
+        let phase = phase.to_string();
+        tasks.spawn(async move {
+            let mut keys = Vec::with_capacity(MULTIPART_UPLOADS_PER_WORKER);
+            for upload in 0..MULTIPART_UPLOADS_PER_WORKER {
+                let key = format!("{phase}/multipart/{worker:02}/{upload:02}");
+                let part = vec![u8::try_from(worker)?; 64 * 1024];
+                write_multipart(&client, MIXED_BUCKET, &key, &[part]).await?;
+                keys.push(key);
+            }
+            Ok::<_, Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>>(keys)
+        });
+    }
+
+    let mut keys = Vec::with_capacity(MULTIPART_WORKERS * MULTIPART_UPLOADS_PER_WORKER);
+    while let Some(result) = tasks.join_next().await {
+        keys.extend(result??);
+    }
+    Ok(keys)
+}
+
+/// Assert that `client` eventually lists exactly `expected` objects under
+/// `{phase}/`, polling until [`LISTING_CONVERGENCE_TIMEOUT`].
+///
+/// A single-snapshot assertion here is racy by construction: each phase both
+/// writes and lists within seconds of a node restart. While a peer still holds
+/// the restarted node's drive in Suspect/Returning, strict-quorum listing
+/// consults only the remaining three drives and drops any object that was
+/// itself legally written at write quorum (3/4 drives) during an earlier
+/// node's identical post-restart window — its xl.meta is then visible on only
+/// two of the three consulted drives, below the required object quorum of
+/// three. GET still succeeds for such objects; only the listing under-counts
+/// until drive health converges. A genuine upgrade data-loss regression still
+/// fails after the deadline.
+async fn wait_for_phase_listing(client: &Client, phase: &str, expected: usize, context: &str) -> TestResult {
+    let deadline = Instant::now() + LISTING_CONVERGENCE_TIMEOUT;
+    loop {
+        let listed = client
+            .list_objects_v2()
+            .bucket(MIXED_BUCKET)
+            .prefix(format!("{phase}/"))
+            .send()
+            .await?;
+        let count = listed.contents().len();
+        if count == expected {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        if Instant::now() >= deadline {
+            return Err(format!(
+                "{context}: listing under {phase}/ returned {count} of {expected} objects even after {}s of post-restart convergence",
+                LISTING_CONVERGENCE_TIMEOUT.as_secs()
+            )
+            .into());
+        }
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+    }
+}
+
+async fn exercise_mixed_cluster(
+    cluster: &RustFSTestClusterEnvironment,
+    phase: &str,
+    current_node: usize,
+    previous_node: usize,
+) -> TestResult {
+    let clients = cluster.create_all_clients()?;
+    let current_client = &clients[current_node];
+    let previous_client = &clients[previous_node];
+
+    let current_key = format!("{phase}/written-by-current");
+    let current_body = format!("{phase}: current RustFS build").into_bytes();
+    current_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(MIXED_BUCKET)
+        .key(&current_key)
+        .body(ByteStream::from(current_body.clone()))
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(read_object(previous_client, MIXED_BUCKET, &current_key, None).await?.1, current_body);
+
+    let previous_key = format!("{phase}/written-by-previous");
+    let previous_body = format!("{phase}: previous RustFS release").into_bytes();
+    previous_client
+        .put_object()
+        .bucket(MIXED_BUCKET)
+        .key(&previous_key)
+        .body(ByteStream::from(previous_body.clone()))
+        .send()
+        .await?;
+    assert_eq!(read_object(current_client, MIXED_BUCKET, &previous_key, None).await?.1, previous_body);
+
+    let multipart_keys = write_multipart_load(&clients, phase).await?;
+    let expected_count = multipart_keys.len() + 2;
+    for (label, client) in [("current", current_client), ("previous", previous_client)] {
+        wait_for_phase_listing(
+            client,
+            phase,
+            expected_count,
+            &format!("the {label} RustFS version must stream the complete mixed-version listing"),
+        )
+        .await?;
+    }
+
+    let last_multipart_key = format!("{phase}/multipart/{:02}/{:02}", MULTIPART_WORKERS - 1, MULTIPART_UPLOADS_PER_WORKER - 1);
+    assert_eq!(
+        read_object(previous_client, MIXED_BUCKET, &last_multipart_key, None).await?.1,
+        vec![u8::try_from(MULTIPART_WORKERS - 1)?; 64 * 1024]
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 #[tokio::test]
 #[ignore = "requires a pinned previous RustFS release binary"]
 async fn direct_upgrade_from_rc2_preserves_object_contracts() -> TestResult {
@@ -252,3 +389,43 @@ async fn direct_upgrade_from_rc2_preserves_object_contracts() -> TestResult {

    Ok(())
 }
+
+#[tokio::test]
+#[ignore = "requires a pinned previous RustFS release binary"]
+async fn rolling_upgrade_from_rc2_preserves_mixed_version_contracts() -> TestResult {
+    init_logging();
+    let previous_binary = source_binary()?;
+    let current_binary = rustfs_binary_path();
+    let mut cluster = RustFSTestClusterEnvironment::new(MIXED_NODE_COUNT).await?;
+    cluster.set_env("RUST_LOG", "rustfs=warn,rustfs_notify=warn");
+    configure_cluster_logs(&mut cluster)?;
+    cluster.start_with_binary(&previous_binary).await?;
+    cluster.create_test_bucket(MIXED_BUCKET).await?;
+
+    cluster.stop_node(0)?;
+    cluster.start_node_from_binary(0, &current_binary).await?;
+    exercise_mixed_cluster(&cluster, "one-current-node", 0, 1).await?;
+
+    for node_idx in [1, 2] {
+        cluster.stop_node(node_idx)?;
+        cluster.start_node_from_binary(node_idx, &current_binary).await?;
+    }
+    exercise_mixed_cluster(&cluster, "one-previous-node", 0, 3).await?;
+
+    cluster.stop_node(3)?;
+    cluster.start_node_from_binary(3, &current_binary).await?;
+
+    for (node_idx, client) in cluster.create_all_clients()?.iter().enumerate() {
+        for phase in ["one-current-node", "one-previous-node"] {
+            wait_for_phase_listing(
+                client,
+                phase,
+                MULTIPART_WORKERS * MULTIPART_UPLOADS_PER_WORKER + 2,
+                &format!("node {node_idx}: the homogeneous current cluster must preserve every object"),
+            )
+            .await?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
@@ -75,6 +75,10 @@ pub mod bucket {
                delete_transition_candidate_for_operator, finalize_missing_transition_transaction_for_operator,
                inspect_transition_transaction_for_operator,
            };
+            #[cfg(feature = "test-util")]
+            pub use crate::bucket::lifecycle::transition_transaction::{
+                TransitionTransactionRecoveryStats, recover_transition_transaction_records,
+            };
        }

        pub mod evaluator {
@@ -99,6 +103,17 @@ pub mod bucket {
            pub use crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_delete_journal::{
                persist_tier_delete_journal_entry, record_tier_delete_journal_backend_identity,
            };
+
+            #[cfg(feature = "test-util")]
+            pub mod test_util {
+                /// Model a single-node, all-v6 fleet after its capability probe has completed.
+                ///
+                /// Call this only once while constructing an isolated test store, before any
+                /// tier-delete journal permit or background worker can be active.
+                pub fn install_all_v6_fleet_capability_proof() {
+                    crate::services::notification_sys::install_cross_pool_fence_fleet_proof_for_test();
+                }
+            }
        }

        pub mod tier_last_day_stats {
@@ -194,9 +209,10 @@ pub mod bucket {
            BucketReplicationResyncStatus, BucketReplicationStat, BucketReplicationStats, BucketStats,
            DeleteReplicationConfigSnapshot, DeletedObjectReplicationInfo, DurableMrfBacklog, DynReplicationPool, InQueueMetric,
            MrfOpKind, MrfReplicateEntry, MustReplicateOptions, ObjectOpts, OperatorRuleContract,
-            REMOTE_TARGET_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REMOTE_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED_FIELDS, REMOTE_TARGET_WRITABLE_FIELDS,
-            REPLICATE_INCOMING_DELETE, REPLICATION_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REPLICATION_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS,
-            REPLICATION_WRITABLE_FIELDS, ReplicateDecision, ReplicateObjectInfo, ReplicationBatchAdmission, ReplicationConfig,
+            REMOTE_TARGET_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REMOTE_TARGET_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS,
+            REMOTE_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED_FIELDS, REMOTE_TARGET_WRITABLE_FIELDS, REPLICATE_INCOMING_DELETE,
+            REPLICATION_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REPLICATION_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS, REPLICATION_WRITABLE_FIELDS,
+            ReplicateDecision, ReplicateObjectInfo, ReplicationBatchAdmission, ReplicationConfig,
            ReplicationConfigStructureError, ReplicationConfigurationExt, ReplicationDeleteScheduleInput,
            ReplicationDeleteStateSource, ReplicationHealQueueResult, ReplicationObjectBridge, ReplicationObjectIO,
            ReplicationOperation, ReplicationPoolTrait, ReplicationPriority, ReplicationQueueAdmission, ReplicationScannerBridge,
@@ -405,7 +421,7 @@ pub mod notification {
    pub use crate::services::notification_sys::{
        CrossPoolFenceFleetProofToken, NotificationPeerErr, NotificationSys, ScannerPublicationLeaseGrant,
        acquire_cross_pool_fence_fleet_proof, cross_pool_fence_fleet_proof_matches, get_global_notification_sys,
-        new_global_notification_sys, start_remote_version_state_fleet_probe,
+        new_global_notification_sys, scanner_peer_transport_error_message_is_retryable, start_remote_version_state_fleet_probe,
    };
 }

@@ -415,9 +431,10 @@ pub mod object {
        GetObjectBodyCacheHookLookup, GetObjectBodySource, GetObjectReader, NamespaceLockFence, ObjectEncryptionResolver,
        ObjectInfo, ObjectLockConfigSnapshot, ObjectMutationHook, ObjectOptions, PutObjReader, QuotaAdmission,
        RangedDecompressReader, ReadEncryptionMaterial, ReadEncryptionMode, ReadEncryptionRequest,
-        SCANNER_PUBLICATION_LEASE_FENCE_METADATA_KEY, StreamConsumer, get_object_body_cache_plaintext_len,
-        lookup_get_object_body_cache_hook, register_get_object_body_cache_hook, register_object_mutation_hook,
-        unregister_get_object_body_cache_hook, unregister_object_mutation_hook,
+        SCANNER_PUBLICATION_LEASE_FENCE_METADATA_KEY, ScannerPublicationCommitScope, ScannerPublicationCommitStartError,
+        ScannerPublicationCommitState, StreamConsumer, get_object_body_cache_plaintext_len, lookup_get_object_body_cache_hook,
+        register_get_object_body_cache_hook, register_object_mutation_hook, unregister_get_object_body_cache_hook,
+        unregister_object_mutation_hook,
    };
    pub use crate::store::{
        PrepareSelectObjectSnapshotError, PreparedGetObjectReader, SelectObjectSnapshot, SelectObjectSnapshotReadError,
@@ -459,8 +476,8 @@ pub mod rpc {
        tonic_boot_epoch_challenge, tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers, tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason,
        verify_ns_scanner_capability, verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation, verify_put_file_auth_trailer,
        verify_put_file_capability, verify_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_boot_epoch_response, verify_tonic_canonical_body_digest,
-        verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest, verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof, verify_tonic_rpc_signature,
-        verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap,
+        verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest, verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest_reject_unsigned, verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof,
+        verify_tonic_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap,
    };
 }

@@ -487,9 +504,9 @@ pub mod storage {
    pub use crate::core::pools::HealLifecycleExpiryContext;
    pub use crate::store::HealWalkVersion;
    pub use crate::store::{
-        ECStore, SCANNER_PUBLICATION_LEASE_TTL_MS, all_local_disk, all_local_disk_path, find_local_disk_by_ref, init_local_disks,
-        init_local_disks_with_instance_ctx, init_lock_clients, prewarm_local_disk_id_map,
-        prewarm_local_disk_id_map_with_instance_ctx,
+        ECStore, SCANNER_PUBLICATION_LEASE_TTL_MS, ScannerDataMovementPauseStatus, all_local_disk, all_local_disk_path,
+        find_local_disk_by_ref, init_local_disks, init_local_disks_with_instance_ctx, init_lock_clients,
+        prewarm_local_disk_id_map, prewarm_local_disk_id_map_with_instance_ctx,
    };
 }

@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ use crate::bucket::target::{self, BucketTarget, BucketTargets, Credentials};
 use crate::bucket::versioning_sys::BucketVersioningSys;
 use crate::runtime::sources as runtime_sources;
 use aws_credential_types::Credentials as SdkCredentials;
+use aws_credential_types::provider::{ProvideCredentials, error::CredentialsError, future};
 use aws_sdk_s3::config::Region as SdkRegion;
+use aws_sdk_s3::config::RequestChecksumCalculation;
 use aws_sdk_s3::config::SharedHttpClient;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::ProvideErrorMetadata;
 use aws_sdk_s3::error::SdkError;
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ use aws_sdk_s3::primitives::ByteStream;
 use aws_sdk_s3::types::Tagging as SdkTagging;
 use aws_sdk_s3::types::{
    ChecksumMode, CompletedMultipartUpload, CompletedPart, ObjectLockLegalHoldStatus, ObjectLockRetentionMode,
+    ServerSideEncryption,
 };
 use aws_sdk_s3::{Client as S3Client, Config as S3Config, operation::head_object::HeadObjectOutput};
 use aws_sdk_s3::{config::SharedCredentialsProvider, types::BucketVersioningStatus};
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr as _;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use std::sync::Weak;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime};
 use time::{OffsetDateTime, format_description::well_known::Rfc3339};
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
@@ -89,6 +92,71 @@ use uuid::Uuid;

 const MAX_CONCURRENT_TARGET_HEALTH_CHECKS: usize = 16;
 const REDACTED_CREDENTIAL: &str = "<redacted>";
+const EXPIRED_REMOTE_TARGET_CREDENTIALS: &str = "remote target credentials have expired";
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct RemoteTargetCredentialsProvider {
+    credentials: SdkCredentials,
+}
+
+impl RemoteTargetCredentialsProvider {
+    fn resolve_at(&self, now: SystemTime) -> aws_credential_types::provider::Result {
+        if self.credentials.expiry().is_some_and(|expiration| expiration <= now) {
+            return Err(CredentialsError::provider_error(std::io::Error::other(EXPIRED_REMOTE_TARGET_CREDENTIALS)));
+        }
+        Ok(self.credentials.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for RemoteTargetCredentialsProvider {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("RemoteTargetCredentialsProvider")
+            .field("temporary", &self.credentials.session_token().is_some())
+            .field("expiration", &self.credentials.expiry())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ProvideCredentials for RemoteTargetCredentialsProvider {
+    fn provide_credentials<'a>(&'a self) -> future::ProvideCredentials<'a>
+    where
+        Self: 'a,
+    {
+        future::ProvideCredentials::ready(self.resolve_at(SystemTime::now()))
+    }
+
+    fn fallback_on_interrupt(&self) -> Option<SdkCredentials> {
+        self.resolve_at(SystemTime::now()).ok()
+    }
+}
+
+fn remote_target_sdk_credentials(
+    credentials: &Credentials,
+    account_id: &str,
+    now: SystemTime,
+) -> Result<SdkCredentials, &'static str> {
+    let session_token = credentials.effective_session_token();
+    let expiration = credentials.effective_expiration().map(SystemTime::from);
+    if expiration.is_some() && session_token.is_none() {
+        return Err("remote target credential expiration requires a session token");
+    }
+    if expiration.is_some_and(|expiration| expiration <= now) {
+        return Err(EXPIRED_REMOTE_TARGET_CREDENTIALS);
+    }
+
+    let mut builder = SdkCredentials::builder()
+        .access_key_id(credentials.access_key.clone())
+        .secret_access_key(credentials.secret_key.clone())
+        .account_id(account_id.to_string())
+        .provider_name("bucket_target_sys");
+    if let Some(session_token) = session_token {
+        builder = builder.session_token(session_token.to_string());
+    }
+    if let Some(expiration) = expiration {
+        builder = builder.expiry(expiration);
+    }
+    Ok(builder.build())
+}

 pub type HeadObjectSdkError = Box<SdkError<HeadObjectError>>;
 pub type GetObjectSdkError = Box<SdkError<GetObjectError>>;
@@ -352,6 +420,28 @@ pub struct BucketTargetSys {
    heartbeat_started: OnceLock<()>,
 }

+/// Build the bucket-target health-check HTTP client without panicking when
+/// the host has no system CA bundle (issue #6734).
+///
+/// `BucketTargetSys::get()` initializes lazily on the startup path (bucket
+/// metadata install calls it on the main thread), and `reqwest::Client::new()`
+/// panics when the TLS backend cannot load any system trust root — the state
+/// of a minimal container image. Fall back to a client with an explicit empty
+/// trust store: HTTP health checks keep working, and HTTPS targets fail closed
+/// at the TLS handshake with a clear certificate error instead of aborting
+/// the whole process at startup.
+fn build_health_check_client() -> HttpClient {
+    HttpClient::builder().build().unwrap_or_else(|error| {
+        warn!(
+            "bucket target health-check HTTP client could not load system TLS roots ({error}); continuing with an empty trust store — HTTPS target health checks will fail until a CA bundle is installed"
+        );
+        HttpClient::builder()
+            .tls_certs_only(std::iter::empty::<reqwest::Certificate>())
+            .build()
+            .expect("HTTP client construction must succeed with an explicit empty trust store")
+    })
+}
+
 impl BucketTargetSys {
    pub fn get() -> &'static Self {
        GLOBAL_BUCKET_TARGET_SYS.get_or_init(Self::new)
@@ -364,7 +454,7 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
            targets_map: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
            h_mutex: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
            target_h_mutex: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
-            hc_client: Arc::new(HttpClient::new()),
+            hc_client: Arc::new(build_health_check_client()),
            a_mutex: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
            arn_errs_map: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())),
            target_update_mutexes: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())),
@@ -823,13 +913,26 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
        Ok(BucketTargets { targets: new_targets })
    }

+    async fn mark_refresh_attempt(&self, arn: &str) {
+        // Rate-limit a failed config fetch as well as a failed client build.
+        // A successful rebuild replaces this timestamp during publication.
+        self.arn_remotes_map
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .entry(arn.to_string())
+            .or_default()
+            .last_refresh = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
+    }
+
    pub async fn mark_refresh_in_progress(&self, bucket: &str, arn: &str) {
        let mut arn_errs = self.arn_errs_map.write().await;
-        arn_errs.entry(arn.to_string()).or_insert_with(|| ArnErrs {
-            bucket: bucket.to_string(),
-            update_in_progress: true,
+        let err = arn_errs.entry(arn.to_string()).or_insert_with(|| ArnErrs {
            count: 1,
+            bucket: bucket.to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
        });
+        err.update_in_progress = true;
+        err.bucket = bucket.to_string();
    }

    pub async fn mark_refresh_done(&self, bucket: &str, arn: &str) {
@@ -841,15 +944,21 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
    }

    pub async fn is_reloading_target(&self, _bucket: &str, arn: &str) -> bool {
-        let arn_errs = self.arn_errs_map.read().await;
-        arn_errs.get(arn).map(|err| err.update_in_progress).unwrap_or(false)
+        self.arn_errs_map
+            .read()
+            .await
+            .get(arn)
+            .is_some_and(|err| err.update_in_progress)
    }

-    pub async fn inc_arn_errs(&self, _bucket: &str, arn: &str) {
+    pub async fn inc_arn_errs(&self, bucket: &str, arn: &str) {
        let mut arn_errs = self.arn_errs_map.write().await;
-        if let Some(err) = arn_errs.get_mut(arn) {
-            err.count += 1;
-        }
+        let err = arn_errs.entry(arn.to_string()).or_insert_with(|| ArnErrs {
+            bucket: bucket.to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+        err.count += 1;
+        err.bucket = bucket.to_string();
    }

    pub async fn get_remote_target_client(&self, bucket: &str, arn: &str) -> Option<Arc<TargetClient>> {
@@ -862,15 +971,15 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
                .unwrap_or((None, None))
        };

-        if let Some(cli) = cli {
+        let credentials_expired = cli
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|client| client.credentials_expired_at(jiff::Timestamp::now()));
+        if let Some(cli) = cli
+            && !credentials_expired
+        {
            return Some(cli);
        }

-        // TODO(backlog): spawn an async task to proactively reload the replication target
-        if self.is_reloading_target(bucket, arn).await {
-            return None;
-        }
-
        if let Some(last_refresh) = last_refresh {
            let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
            if now - last_refresh < Duration::from_secs(60 * 5) {
@@ -878,16 +987,24 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
            }
        }

+        // The existing per-bucket publication lock is also the reload claim:
+        // try-locking keeps the request path non-blocking, is cancellation-safe,
+        // and prevents a stale reload from publishing after a credential update.
+        let update_mutex = self.target_update_mutex(bucket).await;
+        let Ok(update_guard) = update_mutex.try_lock() else {
+            return None;
+        };
+        self.mark_refresh_attempt(arn).await;
+
        match get_bucket_targets_config(bucket).await {
            Ok(bucket_targets) => {
-                self.mark_refresh_in_progress(bucket, arn).await;
-                self.update_all_targets(bucket, Some(&bucket_targets)).await;
-                self.mark_refresh_done(bucket, arn).await;
+                self.update_all_targets_locked(bucket, Some(&bucket_targets)).await;
            }
            Err(e) => {
                error!("get bucket targets config error:{}", e);
            }
        };
+        drop(update_guard);

        let cli = self
            .arn_remotes_map
@@ -895,8 +1012,10 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
            .await
            .get(arn)
            .and_then(|target| target.client.clone());
-        if cli.is_some() {
-            return cli;
+        if let Some(cli) = cli
+            && !cli.credentials_expired_at(jiff::Timestamp::now())
+        {
+            return Some(cli);
        }

        self.inc_arn_errs(bucket, arn).await;
@@ -926,12 +1045,13 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
            });
        };

-        let creds = SdkCredentials::builder()
-            .access_key_id(credentials.access_key.clone())
-            .secret_access_key(credentials.secret_key.clone())
-            .account_id(target.reset_id.clone())
-            .provider_name("bucket_target_sys")
-            .build();
+        let creds = remote_target_sdk_credentials(credentials, &target.reset_id, SystemTime::now()).map_err(|error| {
+            BucketTargetError::RemoteTargetConnectionErr {
+                bucket: target.target_bucket.clone(),
+                access_key: credentials.access_key.clone(),
+                error: error.to_string(),
+            }
+        })?;

        let endpoint = if target.secure {
            format!("https://{}", target.endpoint)
@@ -951,9 +1071,10 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {

        let mut config_builder = S3Config::builder()
            .endpoint_url(endpoint.clone())
-            .credentials_provider(SharedCredentialsProvider::new(creds))
+            .credentials_provider(SharedCredentialsProvider::new(RemoteTargetCredentialsProvider { credentials: creds }))
            .region(SdkRegion::new(target.region.clone()))
-            .behavior_version(aws_sdk_s3::config::BehaviorVersion::latest());
+            .behavior_version(aws_sdk_s3::config::BehaviorVersion::latest())
+            .request_checksum_calculation(replication_request_checksum_calculation());

        if should_force_path_style(target) {
            config_builder = config_builder.force_path_style(true);
@@ -1025,6 +1146,13 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
        let update_mutex = self.target_update_mutex(bucket).await;
        let _update_guard = update_mutex.lock().await;

+        self.update_all_targets_locked(bucket, targets).await;
+    }
+
+    /// Builds and publishes one bucket snapshot while its update mutex is held.
+    /// Keeping persisted-config reads under the same mutex prevents a stale
+    /// reload from overwriting a concurrent credential rotation.
+    async fn update_all_targets_locked(&self, bucket: &str, targets: Option<&BucketTargets>) {
        let mut clients = Vec::new();
        if let Some(new_targets) = targets {
            for target in &new_targets.targets {
@@ -1056,6 +1184,17 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
            && !new_targets.is_empty()
        {
            for (target, client) in clients {
+                // Keep a timestamped placeholder for configured targets whose
+                // client cannot be built. Replication records these attempts as
+                // failed, while the placeholder prevents every object from
+                // triggering another metadata reload/client build for five minutes.
+                arn_remotes_map.insert(
+                    target.arn.clone(),
+                    ArnTarget {
+                        client: None,
+                        last_refresh: OffsetDateTime::now_utc(),
+                    },
+                );
                match client {
                    Ok(client) => {
                        arn_remotes_map.insert(
@@ -1068,11 +1207,6 @@ impl BucketTargetSys {
                        health_map.insert(client.arn.clone(), target_health(&client));
                        self.update_bandwidth_limit(bucket, &target.arn, target.bandwidth_limit);
                    }
-                    // The target stays in `targets_map`, so it keeps showing up in
-                    // `bucket remote ls` while no client exists to replicate through it —
-                    // replication then drops every object for this ARN. Without this the
-                    // rejection (loopback endpoint, bad CA, unparseable URL) left no trace
-                    // anywhere.
                    Err(err) => warn!(
                        bucket = %bucket,
                        arn = %target.arn,
@@ -1236,6 +1370,25 @@ fn loopback_replication_targets_allowed() -> bool {
        .unwrap_or(false)
 }

+const REPLICATION_STREAMING_CHECKSUMS_ENV: &str = "RUSTFS_REPLICATION_STREAMING_CHECKSUMS";
+
+/// Streaming trailer checksums make the SDK frame request bodies as
+/// `aws-chunked`; a target that does not decode that framing stores the frames
+/// verbatim, silently corrupting every replica while the transfer itself
+/// succeeds (#6853). Plain signed payloads are the compatible default; the env
+/// knob restores trailer checksums for fleets whose targets are all known to
+/// decode them.
+fn replication_request_checksum_calculation() -> RequestChecksumCalculation {
+    if std::env::var(REPLICATION_STREAMING_CHECKSUMS_ENV)
+        .map(|v| v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true") || v == "1")
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+    {
+        RequestChecksumCalculation::WhenSupported
+    } else {
+        RequestChecksumCalculation::WhenRequired
+    }
+}
+
 fn validate_replication_target_endpoint(url: &Url) -> Result<(), OutboundUrlError> {
    validate_replication_target_endpoint_inner(url, loopback_replication_targets_allowed())
 }
@@ -1615,6 +1768,17 @@ impl Default for AdvancedPutOptions {
    }
 }

+/// The subset of the target's PutObject response replication audits.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RemotePutObjectResponse {
+    /// Version id the target assigned (`x-amz-version-id`).
+    pub version_id: Option<String>,
+    /// ETag of what the target stored; `None` when the target withheld it or
+    /// when its encryption mode (SSE-KMS / SSE-C) makes it incomparable to
+    /// the source ETag. `None` is therefore "not decidable", never evidence.
+    pub etag: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct PutObjectOptions {
    pub user_metadata: HashMap<String, String>,
@@ -1940,6 +2104,13 @@ pub struct TargetClient {
 }

 impl TargetClient {
+    fn credentials_expired_at(&self, now: jiff::Timestamp) -> bool {
+        self.credentials
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(Credentials::effective_expiration)
+            .is_some_and(|expiration| expiration <= now)
+    }
+
    pub fn to_url(&self) -> Url {
        Url::parse(&self.endpoint).unwrap()
    }
@@ -2153,7 +2324,9 @@ impl TargetClient {

    /// On success returns the version id the target assigned (from
    /// `x-amz-version-id`), letting callers audit the version-identity
-    /// contract — a target that adopts the source version echoes it back.
+    /// contract — a target that adopts the source version echoes it back —
+    /// together with the ETag of what the target actually stored, so callers
+    /// can detect a target that persisted transformed bytes (#6853).
    pub async fn put_object(
        &self,
        bucket: &str,
@@ -2161,7 +2334,7 @@ impl TargetClient {
        size: i64,
        body: ByteStream,
        opts: &PutObjectOptions,
-    ) -> Result<Option<String>, S3ClientError> {
+    ) -> Result<RemotePutObjectResponse, S3ClientError> {
        let mut headers = opts.header();

        let builder = self.client.put_object();
@@ -2196,7 +2369,25 @@ impl TargetClient {
            .send()
            .await
        {
-            Ok(output) => Ok(output.version_id().map(ToOwned::to_owned)),
+            Ok(output) => {
+                // Under SSE-KMS/DSSE or SSE-C the target's ETag is not the MD5
+                // of the stored plaintext, so it cannot be compared against the
+                // source ETag; withhold it rather than let a caller conclude
+                // corruption from an opaque value.
+                let etag_comparable = output.sse_customer_algorithm().is_none()
+                    && !matches!(
+                        output.server_side_encryption(),
+                        Some(ServerSideEncryption::AwsKms) | Some(ServerSideEncryption::AwsKmsDsse)
+                    );
+                Ok(RemotePutObjectResponse {
+                    version_id: output.version_id().map(ToOwned::to_owned),
+                    etag: if etag_comparable {
+                        output.e_tag().map(ToOwned::to_owned)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    },
+                })
+            }
            Err(e) => match e {
                SdkError::ServiceError(service_err) => {
                    let err = service_err.into_err();
@@ -2344,6 +2535,21 @@ impl TargetClient {
        }
    }

+    pub async fn abort_multipart_upload(&self, bucket: &str, object: &str, upload_id: &str) -> Result<(), S3ClientError> {
+        match self
+            .client
+            .abort_multipart_upload()
+            .bucket(bucket)
+            .key(object)
+            .upload_id(upload_id)
+            .send()
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+            Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
+        }
+    }
+
    pub async fn remove_object(
        &self,
        bucket: &str,
@@ -2490,6 +2696,18 @@ mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use rcgen::generate_simple_self_signed;

+    // The startup panic fix for hosts without a CA bundle (issue #6734) rests
+    // on two properties: the health-check client constructor never panics, and
+    // its degraded fallback — an explicit empty trust store — always builds.
+    #[test]
+    fn health_check_client_construction_never_panics() {
+        let _ = build_health_check_client();
+        HttpClient::builder()
+            .tls_certs_only(std::iter::empty::<reqwest::Certificate>())
+            .build()
+            .expect("empty-trust-store client build must succeed without touching system roots");
+    }
+
    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
    struct RecordingHttpConnector {
        request_uris: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Vec<String>>>,
@@ -2508,6 +2726,165 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

+    type RecordedHeaders = Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Vec<Vec<(String, String)>>>>;
+
+    /// Records full request headers and answers with canned response headers,
+    /// for asserting wire framing and response parsing.
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    struct RecordingHeaderConnector {
+        request_headers: RecordedHeaders,
+        response_headers: Vec<(String, String)>,
+    }
+
+    impl SmithyHttpConnector for RecordingHeaderConnector {
+        fn call(&self, request: HttpRequest) -> HttpConnectorFuture {
+            self.request_headers
+                .lock()
+                .expect("recorded header lock should not be poisoned")
+                .push(
+                    request
+                        .headers()
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), v.to_string()))
+                        .collect(),
+                );
+            let mut response = HttpResponse::new(
+                aws_smithy_runtime_api::http::StatusCode::try_from(200_u16).expect("200 should be a valid response status"),
+                SdkBody::empty(),
+            );
+            for (name, value) in &self.response_headers {
+                response.headers_mut().insert(name.clone(), value.clone());
+            }
+            HttpConnectorFuture::ready(Ok(response))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn header_recording_target_client(response_headers: Vec<(String, String)>) -> (TargetClient, RecordedHeaders) {
+        let request_headers: RecordedHeaders = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let connector = SharedHttpConnector::new(RecordingHeaderConnector {
+            request_headers: Arc::clone(&request_headers),
+            response_headers,
+        });
+        let http_client = http_client_fn(move |_settings, _components| connector.clone());
+        let client = s3_client_for_test(443, Some(http_client));
+        (
+            TargetClient {
+                endpoint: "https://localhost:443".to_string(),
+                credentials: None,
+                bucket: "target-bucket".to_string(),
+                storage_class: String::new(),
+                disable_proxy: false,
+                arn: "arn:rustfs:replication:us-east-1:target:bucket".to_string(),
+                reset_id: String::new(),
+                secure: true,
+                health_check_duration: Duration::from_secs(5),
+                replicate_sync: false,
+                client: Arc::new(client),
+            },
+            request_headers,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn streaming_test_body(payload: &'static [u8]) -> ByteStream {
+        let stream = tokio_util::io::ReaderStream::new(std::io::Cursor::new(payload));
+        let body = http_body_util::StreamBody::new(futures::StreamExt::map(stream, |r| r.map(http_body::Frame::data)));
+        ByteStream::new(SdkBody::from_body_1_x(body))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn replication_checksums_default_to_plain_payloads() {
+        assert!(matches!(
+            replication_request_checksum_calculation(),
+            RequestChecksumCalculation::WhenRequired
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn replication_put_object_sends_plain_signed_payloads_by_default() {
+        let (client, recorded) = header_recording_target_client(Vec::new());
+        client
+            .put_object("target-bucket", "object", 4, streaming_test_body(b"data"), &PutObjectOptions::default())
+            .await
+            .expect("recorded put_object should succeed");
+
+        let recorded = recorded.lock().expect("recorded header lock should not be poisoned");
+        let headers = &recorded[0];
+        let header = |name: &str| {
+            headers
+                .iter()
+                .find(|(k, _)| k.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name))
+                .map(|(_, v)| v.as_str())
+        };
+        // The #6853 regression shape: trailer checksums force aws-chunked
+        // framing, which a non-decoding target stores verbatim as the object.
+        assert_eq!(header("x-amz-trailer"), None, "streaming uploads must not carry a trailer checksum");
+        assert!(
+            header("content-encoding").is_none_or(|v| !v.contains("aws-chunked")),
+            "streaming uploads must not be aws-chunked framed"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(header("x-amz-decoded-content-length"), None);
+        assert_eq!(header("content-length"), Some("4"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn put_object_returns_the_etag_the_target_stored() {
+        let (client, _) =
+            header_recording_target_client(vec![("etag".to_string(), "\"9a0364b9e99bb480dd25e1f0284c8555\"".to_string())]);
+        let response = client
+            .put_object(
+                "target-bucket",
+                "object",
+                4,
+                ByteStream::from_static(b"data"),
+                &PutObjectOptions::default(),
+            )
+            .await
+            .expect("recorded put_object should succeed");
+        assert_eq!(response.etag.as_deref(), Some("\"9a0364b9e99bb480dd25e1f0284c8555\""));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn put_object_withholds_the_etag_under_target_side_kms() {
+        let (client, _) = header_recording_target_client(vec![
+            ("etag".to_string(), "\"9a0364b9e99bb480dd25e1f0284c8555\"".to_string()),
+            ("x-amz-server-side-encryption".to_string(), "aws:kms".to_string()),
+        ]);
+        let response = client
+            .put_object(
+                "target-bucket",
+                "object",
+                4,
+                ByteStream::from_static(b"data"),
+                &PutObjectOptions::default(),
+            )
+            .await
+            .expect("recorded put_object should succeed");
+        assert!(
+            response.etag.is_none(),
+            "a KMS-encrypted replica's etag is not the content MD5 and must be withheld"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+    struct RecordingAuthConnector {
+        signed_requests: Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Vec<(bool, bool)>>>,
+    }
+
+    impl SmithyHttpConnector for RecordingAuthConnector {
+        fn call(&self, request: HttpRequest) -> HttpConnectorFuture {
+            let has_expected_token = request.headers().get("x-amz-security-token") == Some("temporary-session-token");
+            let has_authorization = request.headers().contains_key("authorization");
+            self.signed_requests
+                .lock()
+                .expect("recorded auth request lock should not be poisoned")
+                .push((has_expected_token, has_authorization));
+            HttpConnectorFuture::ready(Ok(HttpResponse::new(
+                aws_smithy_runtime_api::http::StatusCode::try_from(200_u16).expect("200 should be a valid response status"),
+                SdkBody::empty(),
+            )))
+        }
+    }
+
    fn recording_target_client() -> (TargetClient, Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Vec<String>>>) {
        let request_uris = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
        let connector = SharedHttpConnector::new(RecordingHttpConnector {
@@ -2533,6 +2910,150 @@ mod tests {
        )
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn remote_target_sdk_credentials_preserve_temporary_credential_fields() {
+        let now = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(1_000);
+        let expiration = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(2_000);
+        let credentials = Credentials {
+            access_key: "access".to_string(),
+            secret_key: "secret".to_string(),
+            session_token: Some("temporary-session-token".to_string()),
+            expiration: Some(jiff::Timestamp::try_from(expiration).expect("test expiration should convert")),
+        };
+
+        let sdk_credentials =
+            remote_target_sdk_credentials(&credentials, "account", now).expect("unexpired temporary credentials should build");
+
+        assert_eq!(sdk_credentials.session_token(), Some("temporary-session-token"));
+        assert_eq!(sdk_credentials.expiry(), Some(expiration));
+        assert_eq!(sdk_credentials.account_id().map(|id| id.as_str()), Some("account"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remote_target_sdk_credentials_normalize_go_zero_expiration() {
+        let credentials = Credentials {
+            access_key: "access".to_string(),
+            secret_key: "secret".to_string(),
+            session_token: None,
+            expiration: Some("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().expect("Go zero time should parse")),
+        };
+
+        let sdk_credentials = remote_target_sdk_credentials(&credentials, "", SystemTime::now())
+            .expect("Go zero expiration should remain compatible with static credentials");
+
+        assert!(sdk_credentials.session_token().is_none());
+        assert!(sdk_credentials.expiry().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remote_target_sdk_credentials_reject_invalid_expiration_boundaries() {
+        let expiration = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(2_000);
+        let mut credentials = Credentials {
+            access_key: "access".to_string(),
+            secret_key: "secret".to_string(),
+            session_token: None,
+            expiration: Some(jiff::Timestamp::try_from(expiration).expect("test expiration should convert")),
+        };
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            remote_target_sdk_credentials(&credentials, "", SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(1_000))
+                .expect_err("expiration without a session token must fail"),
+            "remote target credential expiration requires a session token"
+        );
+
+        credentials.session_token = Some("temporary-session-token".to_string());
+        assert_eq!(
+            remote_target_sdk_credentials(&credentials, "", expiration)
+                .expect_err("credentials expire at the exact expiration boundary"),
+            EXPIRED_REMOTE_TARGET_CREDENTIALS
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remote_target_credentials_provider_fails_closed_after_expiration() {
+        let expiration = SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(2_000);
+        let provider = RemoteTargetCredentialsProvider {
+            credentials: SdkCredentials::new(
+                "access",
+                "secret",
+                Some("temporary-session-token".to_string()),
+                Some(expiration),
+                "test",
+            ),
+        };
+
+        assert!(provider.resolve_at(expiration - Duration::from_nanos(1)).is_ok());
+        let err = provider
+            .resolve_at(expiration)
+            .expect_err("expired credentials must not be returned");
+        assert_eq!(err.source().map(ToString::to_string).as_deref(), Some(EXPIRED_REMOTE_TARGET_CREDENTIALS));
+        assert!(!format!("{provider:?}").contains("temporary-session-token"));
+        assert!(!format!("{provider:?}").contains("secret"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn target_client_detects_expiration_for_cache_refresh() {
+        let expiration: jiff::Timestamp = "2099-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().expect("expiration should parse");
+        let (mut client, _) = recording_target_client();
+        client.credentials = Some(Credentials {
+            access_key: "access".to_string(),
+            secret_key: "secret".to_string(),
+            session_token: Some("temporary-session-token".to_string()),
+            expiration: Some(expiration),
+        });
+
+        assert!(!client.credentials_expired_at("2098-12-31T23:59:59Z".parse().expect("pre-expiration timestamp should parse")));
+        assert!(client.credentials_expired_at(expiration));
+
+        client.credentials.as_mut().expect("credentials should exist").expiration =
+            Some("0001-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().expect("Go zero time should parse"));
+        assert!(!client.credentials_expired_at(jiff::Timestamp::now()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn temporary_credentials_add_security_token_to_sigv4_requests() {
+        let signed_requests = Arc::new(std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
+        let connector = SharedHttpConnector::new(RecordingAuthConnector {
+            signed_requests: Arc::clone(&signed_requests),
+        });
+        let http_client = http_client_fn(move |_settings, _components| connector.clone());
+        let credentials = Credentials {
+            access_key: "access".to_string(),
+            secret_key: "secret".to_string(),
+            session_token: Some("temporary-session-token".to_string()),
+            expiration: Some("2099-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().expect("future expiration should parse")),
+        };
+        let sdk_credentials = remote_target_sdk_credentials(&credentials, "", SystemTime::now())
+            .expect("unexpired temporary credentials should build");
+        let client = S3Client::from_conf(
+            S3Config::builder()
+                .endpoint_url("https://target.example")
+                .credentials_provider(SharedCredentialsProvider::new(RemoteTargetCredentialsProvider {
+                    credentials: sdk_credentials,
+                }))
+                .region(SdkRegion::new("us-east-1"))
+                .http_client(http_client)
+                .behavior_version(aws_sdk_s3::config::BehaviorVersion::latest())
+                .build(),
+        );
+
+        client
+            .head_bucket()
+            .bucket("target-bucket")
+            .send()
+            .await
+            .expect("recording connector should accept the signed request");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            signed_requests
+                .lock()
+                .expect("recorded auth request lock should not be poisoned")
+                .as_slice(),
+            &[(true, true)],
+            "SigV4 request must include both authorization and the session-token header"
+        );
+    }
+
    fn spawn_https_server(cert: &rcgen::CertifiedKey<rcgen::KeyPair>, requests: usize) -> (u16, std::thread::JoinHandle<()>) {
        use std::io::{Read, Write};

@@ -2640,7 +3161,10 @@ mod tests {
            .credentials_provider(SharedCredentialsProvider::new(credentials))
            .region(SdkRegion::new("us-east-1"))
            .force_path_style(true)
-            .behavior_version(aws_sdk_s3::config::BehaviorVersion::latest());
+            .behavior_version(aws_sdk_s3::config::BehaviorVersion::latest())
+            // Mirror the production remote-target builder so recorded requests
+            // exercise the same checksum/framing behavior (#6853).
+            .request_checksum_calculation(replication_request_checksum_calculation());
        if let Some(http_client) = http_client {
            config = config.http_client(http_client);
        }
@@ -3464,6 +3988,29 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(mutexes.contains_key("second"));
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn target_refresh_attempt_updates_retry_timestamp_and_error_count() {
+        let sys = BucketTargetSys::default();
+
+        sys.mark_refresh_attempt("arn:reload").await;
+        let last_refresh = sys.arn_remotes_map.read().await["arn:reload"].last_refresh;
+        assert!(OffsetDateTime::now_utc() - last_refresh < Duration::from_secs(5));
+
+        sys.inc_arn_errs("bucket", "arn:reload").await;
+        sys.inc_arn_errs("bucket", "arn:reload").await;
+        let errors = sys.arn_errs_map.read().await;
+        assert_eq!(errors["arn:reload"].count, 2);
+        assert_eq!(errors["arn:reload"].bucket, "bucket");
+        drop(errors);
+
+        sys.mark_refresh_in_progress("bucket", "arn:reload").await;
+        assert!(sys.is_reloading_target("bucket", "arn:reload").await);
+        sys.mark_refresh_done("bucket", "arn:reload").await;
+        assert!(!sys.is_reloading_target("bucket", "arn:reload").await);
+        sys.mark_refresh_in_progress("bucket", "arn:reload").await;
+        assert!(sys.is_reloading_target("bucket", "arn:reload").await);
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn update_all_targets_publishes_disable_proxy_on_target_client() {
        // The read-proxy selector (replication_proxy::get_proxy_targets) skips
@@ -3502,6 +4049,88 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(opted_out.disable_proxy, "disable_proxy must reach the published TargetClient");
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn update_all_targets_keeps_failed_client_placeholder() {
+        let sys = BucketTargetSys::default();
+        let target = BucketTarget {
+            arn: "arn:expired".to_string(),
+            endpoint: "192.168.1.10:9000".to_string(),
+            target_bucket: "target-bucket".to_string(),
+            region: "us-east-1".to_string(),
+            credentials: Some(Credentials {
+                access_key: "access".to_string(),
+                secret_key: "secret".to_string(),
+                session_token: Some("temporary-session-token".to_string()),
+                expiration: Some("2000-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().expect("expired timestamp should parse")),
+            }),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let targets = BucketTargets { targets: vec![target] };
+
+        sys.update_all_targets("bucket", Some(&targets)).await;
+
+        let remotes = sys.arn_remotes_map.read().await;
+        let placeholder = remotes
+            .get("arn:expired")
+            .expect("configured target should retain a cache entry");
+        assert!(placeholder.client.is_none());
+        assert!(OffsetDateTime::now_utc() - placeholder.last_refresh < Duration::from_secs(5));
+        drop(remotes);
+        assert!(sys.get_remote_target_client("bucket", "arn:expired").await.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn credential_rotation_atomically_replaces_published_client() {
+        let sys = BucketTargetSys::default();
+        let target = |session_token: &str| BucketTarget {
+            arn: "arn:rotating".to_string(),
+            endpoint: "192.168.1.10:9000".to_string(),
+            target_bucket: "target-bucket".to_string(),
+            region: "us-east-1".to_string(),
+            credentials: Some(Credentials {
+                access_key: "access".to_string(),
+                secret_key: "secret".to_string(),
+                session_token: Some(session_token.to_string()),
+                expiration: None,
+            }),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        sys.update_all_targets(
+            "bucket",
+            Some(&BucketTargets {
+                targets: vec![target("old-session-token")],
+            }),
+        )
+        .await;
+        let old_client = sys
+            .get_remote_target_client("bucket", "arn:rotating")
+            .await
+            .expect("initial client should be published");
+
+        sys.update_all_targets(
+            "bucket",
+            Some(&BucketTargets {
+                targets: vec![target("new-session-token")],
+            }),
+        )
+        .await;
+        let new_client = sys
+            .get_remote_target_client("bucket", "arn:rotating")
+            .await
+            .expect("rotated client should be published");
+
+        assert!(!Arc::ptr_eq(&old_client, &new_client));
+        assert_eq!(
+            old_client.credentials.as_ref().and_then(Credentials::effective_session_token),
+            Some("old-session-token")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            new_client.credentials.as_ref().and_then(Credentials::effective_session_token),
+            Some("new-session-token")
+        );
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread", worker_threads = 2)]
    async fn target_updates_serialize_client_build_through_publication_per_bucket() {
        let sys = Arc::new(BucketTargetSys::default());
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ use crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_free_version_recovery::{
    DEFAULT_FREE_VERSION_RECOVERY_LIMIT, FreeVersionRecoveryStats, recover_tier_free_versions_with_cancel,
 };
 use crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_last_day_stats::{DailyAllTierStats, LastDayTierStats};
-use crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_sweeper::{Jentry, delete_object_from_remote_tier_idempotent_with_manager_and_identity};
+use crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_sweeper::{Jentry, delete_object_from_remote_tier_with_lease_idempotent};
 use crate::bucket::lifecycle::transition_transaction::run_transition_transaction_recovery_loop;
 use crate::bucket::object_lock::ObjectLockApi;
 use crate::bucket::versioning::VersioningApi as _;
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ use crate::disk::error::DiskError;
 use crate::disk::{DeleteOptions, Disk, DiskAPI, RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, RUSTFS_META_MULTIPART_BUCKET, STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE};
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::error::StorageError;
-use crate::error::{is_err_object_not_found, is_err_read_quorum, is_err_version_not_found, is_network_or_host_down};
+use crate::error::{
+    is_err_object_not_found, is_err_read_quorum, is_err_strict_volume_not_found, is_err_version_not_found,
+    is_network_or_host_down,
+};
 use crate::object_api::{GetObjectReader, ObjectInfo, ObjectOptions};
 use crate::object_api::{ObjectEncryptionResolver, ReadPlan};
 use crate::services::tier::{
@@ -490,7 +493,7 @@ impl ExpiryStats {
    }

    fn add_nonnegative(counter: &AtomicI64, delta: i64) {
-        let _ = counter.fetch_update(Ordering::Relaxed, Ordering::Relaxed, |current| Some(current.saturating_add(delta).max(0)));
+        let _ = counter.try_update(Ordering::Relaxed, Ordering::Relaxed, |current| Some(current.saturating_add(delta).max(0)));
    }

    fn increment_missed_expiry_tasks(&self) {
@@ -586,25 +589,217 @@ impl ExpiryOp for FreeVersionTask {
    }
 }

-async fn delete_free_version_remote_object(
+async fn acquire_free_version_tier_lease(
    oi: &ObjectInfo,
    tier_config_mgr: &Arc<RwLock<TierConfigMgr>>,
-) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
+) -> Result<(TierOperationLease, bool), std::io::Error> {
    let version_id_exact = validate_transition_remote_version(oi)?;
    let identity = tier_destination_id_from_metadata(&oi.user_defined)?
        .ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("tier free-version has no durable backend identity"))?;
-    delete_object_from_remote_tier_idempotent_with_manager_and_identity(
+    let lease =
+        TierConfigMgr::acquire_operation_lease_for_backend_identity(tier_config_mgr, &oi.transitioned_object.tier, identity)
+            .await
+            .map_err(std::io::Error::other)?;
+    Ok((lease, version_id_exact))
+}
+
+async fn delete_free_version_remote_object_with_lease(
+    oi: &ObjectInfo,
+    lease: &TierOperationLease,
+    version_id_exact: bool,
+) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
+    delete_object_from_remote_tier_with_lease_idempotent(
        &oi.transitioned_object.name,
        &oi.transitioned_object.version_id,
-        &oi.transitioned_object.tier,
-        identity,
-        tier_config_mgr,
+        lease,
        version_id_exact,
    )
    .await?;
    Ok(())
 }

+fn free_version_physical_topology_generation(api: &ECStore) -> String {
+    let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
+    for pool in &api.pools {
+        hasher.update(pool.pool_idx.to_be_bytes());
+        hasher.update(pool.disk_set.len().to_be_bytes());
+        for set in &pool.disk_set {
+            hasher.update(set.set_index.to_be_bytes());
+        }
+    }
+    rustfs_utils::crypto::hex(hasher.finalize().as_slice())
+}
+
+fn free_version_remote_tuple_matches(candidate: &ObjectInfo, expected: &ObjectInfo) -> std::io::Result<bool> {
+    if candidate.transitioned_object.tier != expected.transitioned_object.tier
+        || candidate.transitioned_object.name != expected.transitioned_object.name
+    {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+    let candidate_identity = tier_destination_id_from_metadata(&candidate.user_defined)?
+        .ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("tier free-version is missing its backend identity"))?;
+    let expected_identity = tier_destination_id_from_metadata(&expected.user_defined)?
+        .ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("tier free-version task is missing its backend identity"))?;
+    if candidate_identity != expected_identity {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+    if candidate.transition_version_state == rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState::Unknown
+        || expected.transition_version_state == rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState::Unknown
+    {
+        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock,
+            "tier free-version remote version state is unknown",
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(candidate.transition_version_state == expected.transition_version_state
+        && candidate.transitioned_object.version_id == expected.transitioned_object.version_id)
+}
+
+async fn scan_exact_free_version_targets(
+    api: &ECStore,
+    oi: &ObjectInfo,
+    local_object: &str,
+) -> std::io::Result<Vec<(Arc<SetDisks>, FileInfo)>> {
+    let mut targets = Vec::new();
+    for pool in &api.pools {
+        for set in &pool.disk_set {
+            let versions = match set.load_file_info_versions_exact(&oi.bucket, &oi.name).await {
+                Ok(Some(versions)) => versions,
+                Ok(None) => continue,
+                Err(err) if is_err_strict_volume_not_found(&err) => continue,
+                Err(err) => return Err(std::io::Error::other(err)),
+            };
+            for version in versions.versions.iter().chain(versions.free_versions.iter()) {
+                let candidate = ObjectInfo::from_file_info(version, &oi.bucket, &oi.name, true);
+                if free_version_remote_tuple_matches(&candidate, oi)? {
+                    if candidate.transitioned_object.free_version {
+                        // Data movement can leave the same remote tuple in
+                        // several physical pools. Ordinary deletion assigns a
+                        // fresh local free-version UUID to each copy, but all
+                        // of those markers own the same idempotent remote
+                        // DELETE. Consume them together while holding every
+                        // physical object lock; treating their local UUIDs as
+                        // conflicting would strand cleanup forever.
+                        let mut actual = version.clone();
+                        actual.name = local_object.to_string();
+                        targets.push((Arc::clone(set), actual));
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
+                            std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock,
+                            "a live transitioned source still references the free-version remote tuple",
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(targets)
+}
+
+fn free_version_cleanup_fences_current(
+    topology_generation: &str,
+    api: &ECStore,
+    bucket_guard: &rustfs_lock::NamespaceLockGuard,
+    object_guards: &[crate::store::ObjectLockDiagGuard],
+    lease: &TierOperationLease,
+    cancel: &CancellationToken,
+    deadline: tokio::time::Instant,
+) -> bool {
+    !cancel.is_cancelled()
+        && tokio::time::Instant::now() < deadline
+        && !bucket_guard.is_lock_lost()
+        && object_guards.iter().all(|guard| !guard.is_lock_lost())
+        && lease.is_current_generation()
+        && free_version_physical_topology_generation(api) == topology_generation
+}
+
+async fn cleanup_free_version_exact(api: Arc<ECStore>, oi: &ObjectInfo, cancel: &CancellationToken) -> std::io::Result<bool> {
+    const FREE_VERSION_REMOTE_DEADLINE: StdDuration = StdDuration::from_secs(30);
+
+    let topology_generation = free_version_physical_topology_generation(&api);
+    let bucket_guard = api
+        .acquire_bucket_lifecycle_read_lock(&oi.bucket)
+        .await
+        .map_err(std::io::Error::other)?;
+    let (lease, version_id_exact) = acquire_free_version_tier_lease(oi, &api.tier_config_mgr()).await?;
+    let local_object = encode_dir_object(&oi.name);
+    let object_guards = api
+        .acquire_all_physical_object_write_locks("tier_free_version_cleanup", &oi.bucket, &local_object)
+        .await
+        .map_err(std::io::Error::other)?;
+    let targets = scan_exact_free_version_targets(&api, oi, &local_object).await?;
+    if targets.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+
+    let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + FREE_VERSION_REMOTE_DEADLINE;
+    if !free_version_cleanup_fences_current(&topology_generation, &api, &bucket_guard, &object_guards, &lease, cancel, deadline) {
+        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock,
+            "tier free-version cleanup fence is invalid before remote delete",
+        ));
+    }
+    tokio::select! {
+        _ = cancel.cancelled() => {
+            return Err(std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted, "tier free-version cleanup was cancelled"));
+        }
+        result = tokio::time::timeout_at(
+            deadline,
+            delete_free_version_remote_object_with_lease(oi, &lease, version_id_exact),
+        ) => {
+            result
+                .map_err(|_| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, "tier free-version remote delete timed out"))??;
+        }
+    }
+    if !free_version_cleanup_fences_current(&topology_generation, &api, &bucket_guard, &object_guards, &lease, cancel, deadline) {
+        // Remote DELETE is idempotent, but a changed fence makes the local
+        // outcome ambiguous. Keep every marker for a fully fenced retry.
+        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock,
+            "tier free-version cleanup fence changed after remote delete",
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let mut first_error = None;
+    for (set, actual) in &targets {
+        let mut delete_request = FileInfo {
+            name: local_object.clone(),
+            version_id: actual.version_id,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        delete_request.set_tier_free_version();
+        if let Err(err) = set
+            .delete_object_version(&oi.bucket, &local_object, &delete_request, false)
+            .await
+            && first_error.is_none()
+        {
+            first_error = Some(std::io::Error::other(err));
+        }
+    }
+    let remaining = scan_exact_free_version_targets(&api, oi, &local_object).await?;
+    if !remaining.is_empty() {
+        return Err(first_error.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            std::io::Error::new(
+                std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock,
+                "tier free-version cleanup remained on at least one physical set",
+            )
+        }));
+    }
+    if let Some(err) = first_error {
+        return Err(err);
+    }
+    Ok(true)
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(test, feature = "test-util"))]
+async fn delete_free_version_remote_object(
+    oi: &ObjectInfo,
+    tier_config_mgr: &Arc<RwLock<TierConfigMgr>>,
+) -> Result<(), std::io::Error> {
+    let (lease, version_id_exact) = acquire_free_version_tier_lease(oi, tier_config_mgr).await?;
+    delete_free_version_remote_object_with_lease(oi, &lease, version_id_exact).await
+}
+
 #[allow(
    dead_code,
    reason = "MinIO-parity tier/lifecycle entry point that this port never wired (backlog#1823)"
@@ -618,8 +813,11 @@ where
    F: FnOnce() -> Fut,
    Fut: std::future::Future<Output = T>,
 {
-    delete_free_version_remote_object(oi, tier_config_mgr).await?;
-    Ok(delete_local().await)
+    let (lease, version_id_exact) = acquire_free_version_tier_lease(oi, tier_config_mgr).await?;
+    delete_free_version_remote_object_with_lease(oi, &lease, version_id_exact).await?;
+    let result = delete_local().await;
+    drop(lease);
+    Ok(result)
 }

 struct NewerNoncurrentTask {
@@ -690,6 +888,10 @@ impl ExpiryState {
        usize::try_from(self.stats.pending_tasks().max(0)).unwrap_or(usize::MAX)
    }

+    pub fn active_tasks(&self) -> usize {
+        usize::try_from(self.stats.active_tasks().max(0)).unwrap_or(usize::MAX)
+    }
+
    fn send_expiry_task(&self, wrkr: Sender<Option<ExpiryOpType>>, task: ExpiryOpType) -> bool {
        let queued = wrkr.try_send(Some(task)).is_ok();
        if queued {
@@ -826,7 +1028,7 @@ impl ExpiryState {
    }

    pub async fn resize_workers(n: usize, api: Arc<ECStore>) {
-        let expiry_state = runtime_sources::expiry_state_handle();
+        let expiry_state = api.ctx.expiry_state();
        if n == expiry_state.read().await.tasks_tx.len() || n < 1 {
            return;
        }
@@ -867,7 +1069,7 @@ impl ExpiryState {
        stats: Arc<ExpiryStats>,
        recovery_notify: Arc<Notify>,
    ) {
-        let cancel_token = runtime_sources::background_services_cancel_token().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let cancel_token = api.ctx.background_cancel_token().unwrap_or_else(|| {
            static FALLBACK: std::sync::OnceLock<tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken> = std::sync::OnceLock::new();
            FALLBACK.get_or_init(tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken::new).clone()
        });
@@ -968,119 +1170,33 @@ impl ExpiryState {
                    else if v.as_any().is::<FreeVersionTask>() {
                        let v = v.as_any().downcast_ref::<FreeVersionTask>().expect("FreeVersionTask downcast failed");
                        let oi = v.0.clone();
-                        if let Err(err) = delete_free_version_remote_object(&oi, &api.tier_config_mgr()).await {
-                            recovery_notify.notify_one();
-                            debug!(
-                                bucket = %oi.bucket,
-                                object = %oi.name,
-                                remote_object = %oi.transitioned_object.name,
-                                remote_version_id = %oi.transitioned_object.version_id,
-                                tier = %oi.transitioned_object.tier,
-                                error = ?err,
-                                event = EVENT_LIFECYCLE_WORKER_STATE,
-                                component = LOG_COMPONENT_ECSTORE,
-                                subsystem = LOG_SUBSYSTEM_LIFECYCLE,
-                                reason = "remote_tier_delete_failed",
-                                "Lifecycle worker skipped remote tier delete"
-                            );
-                            continue;
-                        }
-
-                        let local_object = encode_dir_object(&oi.name);
-                        let mut fi = FileInfo {
-                            name: local_object.clone(),
-                            version_id: oi.version_id,
-                            ..Default::default()
-                        };
-                        // This removes an existing internal cleanup marker. Keeping
-                        // `deleted` false makes duplicate tasks return not-found
-                        // instead of creating an ordinary delete marker.
-                        fi.set_tier_free_version();
-
-                        let mut deleted_locally = false;
-                        for pool in &api.pools {
-                            let set = pool.get_disks_by_key(&local_object);
-                            let ns_lock = match set.new_ns_lock(&oi.bucket, &local_object).await {
-                                Ok(lock) => lock,
-                                Err(err) => {
-                                    recovery_notify.notify_one();
-                                    debug!(
-                                        event = EVENT_LIFECYCLE_WORKER_STATE,
-                                        component = LOG_COMPONENT_ECSTORE,
-                                        subsystem = LOG_SUBSYSTEM_LIFECYCLE,
-                                        bucket = %oi.bucket,
-                                        object = %oi.name,
-                                        pool_index = pool.pool_idx,
-                                        set_index = set.set_index,
-                                        error = ?err,
-                                        reason = "local_free_version_lock_failed",
-                                        "Lifecycle worker failed to create local free-version cleanup lock"
-                                    );
-                                    continue;
-                                }
-                            };
-                            let _object_lock_guard =
-                                match ns_lock.get_write_lock_quiet(get_lock_acquire_timeout()).await {
-                                    Ok(guard) => guard,
-                                    Err(err) => {
-                                        recovery_notify.notify_one();
-                                        debug!(
-                                            event = EVENT_LIFECYCLE_WORKER_STATE,
-                                            component = LOG_COMPONENT_ECSTORE,
-                                            subsystem = LOG_SUBSYSTEM_LIFECYCLE,
-                                            bucket = %oi.bucket,
-                                            object = %oi.name,
-                                            pool_index = pool.pool_idx,
-                                            set_index = set.set_index,
-                                            error = ?err,
-                                            reason = "local_free_version_lock_failed",
-                                            "Lifecycle worker failed to acquire local free-version cleanup lock"
-                                        );
-                                        continue;
-                                    }
-                                };
-                            match set
-                                .delete_object_version(&oi.bucket, &local_object, &fi, false)
-                                .await
-                            {
-                                Ok(()) => {
-                                    deleted_locally = true;
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                                Err(err) if is_err_version_not_found(&err) || is_err_object_not_found(&err) => continue,
-                                Err(err) => {
-                                    recovery_notify.notify_one();
-                                    debug!(
-                                        event = EVENT_LIFECYCLE_WORKER_STATE,
-                                        component = LOG_COMPONENT_ECSTORE,
-                                        subsystem = LOG_SUBSYSTEM_LIFECYCLE,
-                                        bucket = %oi.bucket,
-                                        object = %oi.name,
-                                        remote_object = %oi.transitioned_object.name,
-                                        remote_version_id = %oi.transitioned_object.version_id,
-                                        tier = %oi.transitioned_object.tier,
-                                        error = ?err,
-                                        reason = "local_free_version_delete_failed",
-                                        "Lifecycle worker failed local free-version cleanup"
-                                    );
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        if !deleted_locally {
-                            debug!(
+                        match cleanup_free_version_exact(api.clone(), &oi, &cancel_token).await {
+                            Ok(true) => {}
+                            Ok(false) => debug!(
                                event = EVENT_LIFECYCLE_WORKER_STATE,
                                component = LOG_COMPONENT_ECSTORE,
                                subsystem = LOG_SUBSYSTEM_LIFECYCLE,
                                bucket = %oi.bucket,
                                object = %oi.name,
-                                remote_object = %oi.transitioned_object.name,
-                                remote_version_id = %oi.transitioned_object.version_id,
-                                tier = %oi.transitioned_object.tier,
                                reason = "local_free_version_missing",
-                                "Lifecycle worker could not find transitioned free version locally"
-                            );
+                                "Lifecycle worker found that the exact free-version was already absent"
+                            ),
+                            Err(err) => {
+                                recovery_notify.notify_one();
+                                debug!(
+                                    event = EVENT_LIFECYCLE_WORKER_STATE,
+                                    component = LOG_COMPONENT_ECSTORE,
+                                    subsystem = LOG_SUBSYSTEM_LIFECYCLE,
+                                    bucket = %oi.bucket,
+                                    object = %oi.name,
+                                    remote_object = %oi.transitioned_object.name,
+                                    remote_version_id = %oi.transitioned_object.version_id,
+                                    tier = %oi.transitioned_object.tier,
+                                    error = ?err,
+                                    reason = "free_version_exact_cleanup_deferred",
+                                    "Lifecycle worker retained the exact free-version for a fenced retry"
+                                );
+                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
@@ -1152,8 +1268,8 @@ fn set_recovered_free_version_enqueue_observer(
    RecoveredFreeVersionEnqueueObserverGuard
 }

-pub async fn enqueue_recovered_free_version(oi: ObjectInfo) -> bool {
-    let expiry_state = runtime_sources::expiry_state_handle();
+pub async fn enqueue_recovered_free_version(api: &ECStore, oi: ObjectInfo) -> bool {
+    let expiry_state = api.ctx.expiry_state();
    let queued = enqueue_recovered_free_version_with_state(&expiry_state, oi).await;

    #[cfg(test)]
@@ -2580,8 +2696,8 @@ fn spawn_tier_free_version_recovery_once(api: Arc<ECStore>, started: &OnceLock<(
    }

    Some(tokio::spawn(async move {
-        let cancel_token = runtime_sources::background_services_cancel_token().unwrap_or_default();
-        let expiry_state = runtime_sources::expiry_state_handle();
+        let cancel_token = api.ctx.background_cancel_token().unwrap_or_default();
+        let expiry_state = api.ctx.expiry_state();
        run_tier_free_version_recovery_loop(
            cancel_token,
            expiry_state,
@@ -6229,9 +6345,18 @@ mod tests {
            rustfs_utils::crypto::hex(old_identity),
        );
        oi.user_defined = Arc::new(metadata.clone());
+        let lease_observed_during_local_delete = Arc::new(std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false));
        delete_free_version_remote_object_then(&oi, &manager, {
            let local_delete_calls = Arc::clone(&local_delete_calls);
+            let lease_observed_during_local_delete = Arc::clone(&lease_observed_during_local_delete);
+            let manager = manager.clone();
            move || async move {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    crate::services::tier::tier::TierConfigMgr::active_operation_lease_count(&manager, "WARM").await,
+                    1,
+                    "the identity-bound tier lease must span the exact local marker delete"
+                );
+                lease_observed_during_local_delete.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
                local_delete_calls.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
            }
        })
@@ -6239,6 +6364,12 @@ mod tests {
        .expect("matching destination identity should allow idempotent remote cleanup");
        assert_eq!(old_backend.remove_count().await, 1);
        assert_eq!(local_delete_calls.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+        assert!(lease_observed_during_local_delete.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+        assert_eq!(
+            crate::services::tier::tier::TierConfigMgr::active_operation_lease_count(&manager, "WARM").await,
+            0,
+            "the tier lease should be released after the local marker delete completes"
+        );

        let mut single_prefix_metadata = HashMap::new();
        single_prefix_metadata.insert(
@@ -6472,6 +6603,7 @@ mod tests {
        let state = ExpiryState::new();
        let mut state = state.write().await;
        let je = Jentry {
+            persisted_version: 0,
            obj_name: "remote/object".to_string(),
            version_id: "remote-version".to_string(),
            tier_name: "WARM".to_string(),
@@ -6480,6 +6612,7 @@ mod tests {
            version_state: rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState::Exact,
            state: crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::Committed,
            source: None,
+            dispatch: None,
        };

        let err = state
@@ -6620,6 +6753,7 @@ mod tests {
        let state = ExpiryState::new_with_unconsumed_worker_channel(1);
        let mut state = state.write().await;
        let je = Jentry {
+            persisted_version: 0,
            obj_name: "remote/object".to_string(),
            version_id: "remote-version".to_string(),
            tier_name: "WARM".to_string(),
@@ -6628,6 +6762,7 @@ mod tests {
            version_state: rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState::Exact,
            state: crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::Committed,
            source: None,
+            dispatch: None,
        };

        state
@@ -6759,7 +6894,7 @@ mod tests {
        };

        assert!(
-            super::enqueue_recovered_free_version(oi).await,
+            super::enqueue_recovered_free_version(&ecstore, oi).await,
            "the resized production worker queue should accept the task"
        );
        stop_tx.send(None).await.expect("worker stop signal should be delivered");
@@ -6875,12 +7010,12 @@ mod tests {
            .await
            .expect("free-version task should reach the worker");
        tokio::time::timeout(StdDuration::from_secs(30), async {
-            while remote_backend.remove_count().await == 0 {
+            while stats.active_tasks() == 0 {
                tokio::task::yield_now().await;
            }
        })
        .await
-        .expect("worker should complete remote cleanup before taking the local lock");
+        .expect("worker should mark the cleanup task active before the lock assertion");
        let completed_while_locked = tokio::time::timeout(StdDuration::from_millis(100), async {
            while stats.active_tasks() != 0 {
                tokio::task::yield_now().await;
@@ -6889,7 +7024,12 @@ mod tests {
        .await;
        assert!(
            completed_while_locked.is_err(),
-            "local cleanup must wait while a competing object writer owns the namespace lock"
+            "the cleanup task must wait while a competing object writer owns the namespace lock"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            remote_backend.remove_count().await,
+            0,
+            "the remote tuple must not be deleted before the all-physical namespace fence is acquired"
        );
        for disk_path in &disk_paths {
            assert!(
@@ -6900,6 +7040,13 @@ mod tests {
        }

        drop(object_lock_guard);
+        tokio::time::timeout(StdDuration::from_secs(30), async {
+            while remote_backend.remove_count().await == 0 {
+                tokio::task::yield_now().await;
+            }
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("worker should delete the remote tuple after acquiring the released namespace fence");
        tx.send(None).await.expect("worker stop signal should be delivered");
        worker.await.expect("free-version worker should stop cleanly");

@@ -6995,6 +7142,7 @@ mod tests {
            .next()
            .expect("seeded free version should be recoverable");
        let stale_version_id = oi.version_id.expect("free version should have a concrete UUID");
+        let ordinary_marker_mod_time = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();

        for disk_path in &disk_paths {
            let metadata_path = disk_path.join(&bucket).join(object).join(STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE);
@@ -7017,7 +7165,7 @@ mod tests {
                    name: object.to_string(),
                    version_id: Some(stale_version_id),
                    deleted: true,
-                    mod_time: Some(OffsetDateTime::now_utc()),
+                    mod_time: Some(ordinary_marker_mod_time),
                    ..Default::default()
                })
                .expect("same-ID ordinary marker should replace the stale free version");
@@ -7031,6 +7179,13 @@ mod tests {
            .expect("same-ID ordinary marker metadata should be written");
        }

+        assert!(
+            !super::cleanup_free_version_exact(Arc::clone(&ecstore), &oi, &CancellationToken::new())
+                .await
+                .expect("a stale task whose local UUID now names an ordinary marker should be an idempotent no-op"),
+            "the stale free-version task must not report local cleanup"
+        );
+
        let state = ExpiryState::new();
        let (stats, recovery_notify) = {
            let state = state.read().await;
@@ -11522,7 +11677,7 @@ mod tests {

    #[cfg(feature = "test-util")]
    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn journal_replay_rejects_unknown_version_state_before_backend_io() {
+    async fn journal_replay_quarantines_legacy_unknown_version_state_before_backend_io() {
        let (_disk_paths, ecstore) = setup_test_env().await;
        let (backend, _) = register_recovery_mock_tier(&ecstore).await;
        let identity = TierConfigMgr::acquire_operation_lease(&ecstore.tier_config_mgr(), "WARM")
@@ -11530,6 +11685,7 @@ mod tests {
            .expect("mock tier lease should be available")
            .backend_identity();
        let je = Jentry {
+            persisted_version: 0,
            obj_name: "remote/object".to_string(),
            version_id: "legacy-version".to_string(),
            tier_name: "WARM".to_string(),
@@ -11538,25 +11694,28 @@ mod tests {
            version_state: rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState::Unknown,
            state: crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::Committed,
            source: None,
+            dispatch: None,
        };

+        crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_delete_journal::persist_tier_delete_journal_entry(ecstore.clone(), &je)
+            .await
+            .expect("legacy unknown journal should remain byte-compatible and persistable");
        let err = crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_delete_journal::process_tier_delete_journal_entry(ecstore, &je)
            .await
-            .expect_err("unknown journal state must fail before backend IO");
+            .expect_err("legacy unknown journal must be quarantined before backend IO");

-        assert_eq!(err.kind(), std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData);
+        assert_eq!(err.kind(), std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock);
        assert_eq!(backend.remove_count().await, 0);
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "test-util")]
    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn journal_replay_deletes_confirmed_exact_provider_token() {
+    async fn rejected_upload_cleanup_retries_confirmed_exact_provider_token_without_legacy_journal() {
        let (_disk_paths, ecstore) = setup_test_env().await;
        let (backend, _) = register_recovery_mock_tier(&ecstore).await;
        let lease = TierConfigMgr::acquire_operation_lease(&ecstore.tier_config_mgr(), "WARM")
            .await
            .expect("mock tier lease should be available");
-        let identity = lease.backend_identity();
        backend
            .set_put_remote_version(Some("provider-version-token".to_string()))
            .await;
@@ -11570,34 +11729,30 @@ mod tests {
            .expect("confirmed remote candidate should be seeded");
        backend.set_remove_failure(true);
        backend.set_reject_non_empty_remote_versions(true);
-        let je = Jentry {
-            obj_name: "remote/object".to_string(),
-            version_id: "provider-version-token".to_string(),
-            tier_name: "WARM".to_string(),
-            backend_identity: Some(identity),
-            version_id_exact: true,
-            version_state: rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState::Exact,
-            state: crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::Committed,
-            source: None,
-        };
-
-        crate::set_disk::cleanup_rejected_transition_upload_durably(
+        let err = crate::set_disk::cleanup_rejected_transition_upload_durably(
            &lease,
-            &je.obj_name,
-            &je.version_id,
+            "remote/object",
+            "provider-version-token",
            true,
            Some(ecstore.clone()),
        )
        .await
-        .expect("failed immediate cleanup should remain durable in the journal");
-        assert!(backend.contains(&je.obj_name).await);
+        .expect_err("a failed immediate cleanup must remain owned by the caller's transition transaction");
+        assert_eq!(err.kind(), std::io::ErrorKind::Other);
+        assert!(backend.contains("remote/object").await);

        backend.set_remove_failure(false);
-        crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_delete_journal::process_tier_delete_journal_entry(ecstore, &je)
-            .await
-            .expect("identity-bound exact journal must retry confirmed candidate cleanup");
+        crate::set_disk::cleanup_rejected_transition_upload_durably(
+            &lease,
+            "remote/object",
+            "provider-version-token",
+            true,
+            Some(ecstore),
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("the transaction retry must delete the same confirmed candidate");

-        assert!(!backend.contains(&je.obj_name).await);
+        assert!(!backend.contains("remote/object").await);
        assert_eq!(backend.exact_remove_count(), 2);
        assert_eq!(
            backend.remove_versions().await,
@@ -11760,11 +11915,14 @@ mod tests {
        };
        let mut recovery_rx = recovery_rx.lock().await;
        assert!(
-            super::enqueue_recovered_free_version(ObjectInfo {
-                bucket: "prefill".to_string(),
-                name: "prefill".to_string(),
-                ..Default::default()
-            })
+            super::enqueue_recovered_free_version(
+                &ecstore,
+                ObjectInfo {
+                    bucket: "prefill".to_string(),
+                    name: "prefill".to_string(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+            )
            .await,
            "the production recovery queue should accept its first task"
        );
@@ -12195,7 +12353,7 @@ mod tests {
    #[tokio::test]
    #[serial]
    async fn tier_free_version_recovery_continues_after_deleted_marker_bucket() {
-        let (_paths, ecstore) = setup_test_env().await;
+        let (disk_paths, ecstore) = setup_test_env().await;
        let suffix = Uuid::new_v4().simple();
        let earlier_bucket = format!("zzzz-recovery-{suffix}-a");
        let deleted_marker = format!("zzzz-recovery-{suffix}-m");
@@ -12203,11 +12361,7 @@ mod tests {
        let later_object = "a-before-stale-marker";
        create_test_bucket(&ecstore, &earlier_bucket).await;
        create_test_bucket(&ecstore, &later_bucket).await;
-        let mut reader = PutObjReader::from_vec(b"cursor reset probe".to_vec());
-        ecstore
-            .put_object(&later_bucket, later_object, &mut reader, &ObjectOptions::default())
-            .await
-            .expect("successor bucket object should be created");
+        seed_recoverable_free_version(&disk_paths, &later_bucket, later_object, None, None).await;

        let page = list_tier_free_versions(
            Arc::clone(&ecstore),
@@ -12220,14 +12374,10 @@ mod tests {
        .expect("recovery should resume at the first bucket after a deleted marker bucket");

        assert_eq!(page.buckets_scanned, 1, "the later bucket must not be skipped");
-        assert_eq!(
-            page.scanned_entries, 1,
-            "the deleted bucket's object marker must not skip objects in the successor bucket"
-        );
-        ecstore
-            .delete_object(&later_bucket, later_object, ObjectOptions::default())
-            .await
-            .expect("successor bucket object should be removed");
+        assert_eq!(page.items.len(), 1, "the successor bucket's recoverable object must be returned");
+        assert_eq!(page.items[0].bucket, later_bucket);
+        assert_eq!(page.items[0].name, later_object);
+        remove_seeded_free_version(&disk_paths, &later_bucket, later_object).await;
        for bucket in [&earlier_bucket, &later_bucket] {
            ecstore
                .delete_bucket(bucket, &DeleteBucketOptions::default())
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ const MANUAL_TRANSITION_CURSOR_MARKER_PROOF_MAX_SIZE: usize = 1024;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) enum DurableIlmRecordKind {
    TierDeleteJournal,
+    TierDeleteDispatchManifest,
    TransitionTransaction,
    ManualTransitionJob,
    ManualTransitionScope,
@@ -54,6 +55,18 @@ pub(crate) const TIER_DELETE_JOURNAL_NAMESPACE: DurableIlmNamespace = DurableIlm
    max_record_size: 64 * 1024,
    kind: DurableIlmRecordKind::TierDeleteJournal,
 };
+pub(crate) const TIER_DELETE_JOURNAL_V6_NAMESPACE: DurableIlmNamespace = DurableIlmNamespace {
+    name: "tier-delete-journal-v6",
+    prefix: "ilm/tier-delete-journal-v6/",
+    max_record_size: 64 * 1024,
+    kind: DurableIlmRecordKind::TierDeleteJournal,
+};
+pub(crate) const TIER_DELETE_DISPATCH_MANIFEST_NAMESPACE: DurableIlmNamespace = DurableIlmNamespace {
+    name: "tier-delete-dispatch-manifest",
+    prefix: tier_delete_journal::TIER_DELETE_DISPATCH_MANIFEST_PREFIX,
+    max_record_size: tier_delete_journal::MAX_TIER_DELETE_DISPATCH_MANIFEST_SIZE,
+    kind: DurableIlmRecordKind::TierDeleteDispatchManifest,
+};
 pub(crate) const TRANSITION_TRANSACTION_NAMESPACE: DurableIlmNamespace = DurableIlmNamespace {
    name: "transition-transaction",
    prefix: "ilm/transition-transactions/records",
@@ -85,8 +98,10 @@ pub(crate) const MANUAL_TRANSITION_WORKER_RESULT_NAMESPACE: DurableIlmNamespace
    kind: DurableIlmRecordKind::ManualTransitionWorkerResult,
 };

-pub(crate) const DURABLE_ILM_NAMESPACES: [DurableIlmNamespace; 6] = [
+pub(crate) const DURABLE_ILM_NAMESPACES: [DurableIlmNamespace; 8] = [
    TIER_DELETE_JOURNAL_NAMESPACE,
+    TIER_DELETE_JOURNAL_V6_NAMESPACE,
+    TIER_DELETE_DISPATCH_MANIFEST_NAMESPACE,
    TRANSITION_TRANSACTION_NAMESPACE,
    MANUAL_TRANSITION_JOB_NAMESPACE,
    MANUAL_TRANSITION_SCOPE_NAMESPACE,
@@ -157,6 +172,15 @@ pub(crate) enum DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint {
        content_sha256: String,
        identity_sha256: String,
        committed: bool,
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+        dispatch_identity_sha256: Option<String>,
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+        state: Option<super::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState>,
+    },
+    TierDeleteDispatchManifest {
+        content_sha256: String,
+        identity_sha256: String,
+        state: tier_delete_journal::TierDeleteDispatchManifestState,
    },
    TransitionTransaction {
        content_sha256: String,
@@ -195,6 +219,7 @@ impl DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint {
    pub(crate) fn content_sha256(&self) -> &str {
        match self {
            Self::TierDeleteJournal { content_sha256, .. }
+            | Self::TierDeleteDispatchManifest { content_sha256, .. }
            | Self::TransitionTransaction { content_sha256, .. }
            | Self::ManualTransitionJob { content_sha256, .. }
            | Self::ManualTransitionScope { content_sha256, .. }
@@ -228,6 +253,19 @@ impl DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint {
    }

    pub(crate) fn validate_successor(&self, next: &Self) -> Result<()> {
+        for checkpoint in [self, next] {
+            if let Self::TierDeleteJournal {
+                committed,
+                dispatch_identity_sha256,
+                state,
+                ..
+            } = checkpoint
+                && (state.is_some() != dispatch_identity_sha256.is_some()
+                    || state.is_some_and(|state| *committed != (state == super::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::Committed)))
+            {
+                return Err(Error::other("durable ILM tier delete journal checkpoint is invalid"));
+            }
+        }
        if self == next {
            if let Self::ManualTransitionJob {
                progress,
@@ -244,18 +282,64 @@ impl DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint {
        let valid = match (self, next) {
            (
                Self::TierDeleteJournal {
+                    content_sha256: previous_content,
                    identity_sha256: previous_identity,
                    committed: previous_committed,
+                    dispatch_identity_sha256: previous_dispatch_identity,
+                    state: previous_state,
                    ..
                },
                Self::TierDeleteJournal {
+                    content_sha256: next_content,
                    identity_sha256: next_identity,
                    committed: next_committed,
+                    dispatch_identity_sha256: next_dispatch_identity,
+                    state: next_state,
                    ..
                },
            ) => {
+                use super::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::{Committed, Dispatched, Prepared};
+
+                let dispatch_identity_is_monotonic = match (previous_dispatch_identity, next_dispatch_identity) {
+                    (Some(previous), Some(next)) => previous == next,
+                    (None, None) => true,
+                    // Old receipts did not record the v6 dispatch binding. A
+                    // byte-identical observation may adopt the stronger proof,
+                    // but an in-flight mutation must fail closed instead of
+                    // guessing which operation owned the journal.
+                    (None, Some(_)) => previous_content == next_content,
+                    (Some(_), None) => false,
+                };
+                let state_is_monotonic = match (previous_state, next_state) {
+                    (Some(previous), Some(next)) => {
+                        previous == next || matches!((previous, next), (Prepared, Dispatched) | (Dispatched, Committed))
+                    }
+                    (None, None) => previous_committed == next_committed || (!previous_committed && *next_committed),
+                    (None, Some(_)) => previous_content == next_content,
+                    (Some(_), None) => false,
+                };
+                previous_identity == next_identity && dispatch_identity_is_monotonic && state_is_monotonic
+            }
+            (
+                Self::TierDeleteDispatchManifest {
+                    identity_sha256: previous_identity,
+                    state: previous_state,
+                    ..
+                },
+                Self::TierDeleteDispatchManifest {
+                    identity_sha256: next_identity,
+                    state: next_state,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => {
+                use tier_delete_journal::TierDeleteDispatchManifestState::{
+                    Aborted, Aborting, Completed, DispatchAuthorized, Preparing,
+                };
                previous_identity == next_identity
-                    && (previous_committed == next_committed || (!previous_committed && *next_committed))
+                    && matches!(
+                        (previous_state, next_state),
+                        (Preparing, DispatchAuthorized | Aborting) | (Aborting, Aborted) | (DispatchAuthorized, Completed)
+                    )
            }
            (
                Self::TransitionTransaction {
@@ -351,6 +435,49 @@ impl DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint {
            Err(Error::other("durable ILM record generation is not a monotonic successor"))
        }
    }
+
+    /// Whether `self` is an older generation of the same immutable record
+    /// that can reach `terminal` through one or more valid state transitions.
+    /// This is deliberately broader than `validate_successor`, which remains
+    /// adjacent-only for receipt advancement. Terminal cleanup uses this only
+    /// after the exact terminal ETag and terminal receipt were committed, to
+    /// purge older object versions exposed by that deletion.
+    pub(crate) fn is_predecessor_of_terminal(&self, terminal: &Self) -> bool {
+        if self == terminal || self.validate_successor(terminal).is_ok() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        match (self, terminal) {
+            (
+                Self::TierDeleteJournal {
+                    identity_sha256: previous_identity,
+                    dispatch_identity_sha256: previous_dispatch,
+                    state: Some(super::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::Prepared),
+                    ..
+                },
+                Self::TierDeleteJournal {
+                    identity_sha256: terminal_identity,
+                    dispatch_identity_sha256: terminal_dispatch,
+                    state: Some(super::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::Committed),
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => previous_identity == terminal_identity && previous_dispatch == terminal_dispatch,
+            (
+                Self::TierDeleteDispatchManifest {
+                    identity_sha256: previous_identity,
+                    state: tier_delete_journal::TierDeleteDispatchManifestState::Preparing,
+                    ..
+                },
+                Self::TierDeleteDispatchManifest {
+                    identity_sha256: terminal_identity,
+                    state:
+                        tier_delete_journal::TierDeleteDispatchManifestState::Aborted
+                        | tier_delete_journal::TierDeleteDispatchManifestState::Completed,
+                    ..
+                },
+            ) => previous_identity == terminal_identity,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
 }

 fn transition_state_distance(
@@ -750,10 +877,19 @@ pub(crate) fn validate_durable_ilm_record(path: &str, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Val
            if tier_delete_journal::tier_delete_journal_object_name(&entry) != path {
                return Err(Error::other("tier delete journal content does not match its path"));
            }
-            let operation_id = path
+            let legacy_operation_id = path
                .strip_prefix(namespace.prefix)
                .and_then(|suffix| suffix.strip_suffix(".json"))
                .ok_or_else(|| Error::other("tier delete journal path is invalid"))?;
+            // Legacy v1-v5 paths already expose a 64-hex operation id and
+            // must remain receipt-compatible. V6 uses an operation-scoped
+            // nested path, so derive a fixed, path-unique receipt id instead
+            // of embedding slashes in the receipt locator.
+            let operation_id = if entry.persisted_version == 6 {
+                hex_sha256(path.as_bytes(), ToOwned::to_owned)
+            } else {
+                legacy_operation_id.to_string()
+            };
            let identity_sha256 = checkpoint_hash(&(
                &entry.obj_name,
                &entry.version_id,
@@ -763,13 +899,29 @@ pub(crate) fn validate_durable_ilm_record(path: &str, data: &[u8]) -> Result<Val
                entry.version_state,
                &entry.source,
            ))?;
+            let dispatch_identity_sha256 = entry.dispatch.as_ref().map(checkpoint_hash).transpose()?;
            (
                "operation_id",
-                operation_id.to_string(),
+                operation_id,
                DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint::TierDeleteJournal {
                    content_sha256,
                    identity_sha256,
                    committed: entry.state == super::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::Committed,
+                    dispatch_identity_sha256,
+                    state: (entry.persisted_version == 6).then_some(entry.state),
+                },
+            )
+        }
+        DurableIlmRecordKind::TierDeleteDispatchManifest => {
+            let (operation_id, identity_sha256, state) =
+                tier_delete_journal::validate_tier_delete_dispatch_manifest_record(path, data)?;
+            (
+                "operation_id",
+                hex_sha256(operation_id.as_bytes(), ToOwned::to_owned),
+                DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint::TierDeleteDispatchManifest {
+                    content_sha256,
+                    identity_sha256,
+                    state,
                },
            )
        }
@@ -956,6 +1108,87 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn tier_delete_dispatch_manifest_namespace_validates_monotonic_branches() {
+        use tier_delete_journal::TierDeleteDispatchManifestState::{Aborted, Aborting, Completed, DispatchAuthorized, Preparing};
+
+        let operation_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let checkpoint = |state| {
+            let (path, data) = tier_delete_journal::test_tier_delete_dispatch_manifest_record(operation_id, state);
+            let namespace = classify_durable_ilm_record(&path)
+                .expect("dispatch manifest namespace should classify")
+                .expect("dispatch manifest should be durable");
+            assert_eq!(namespace, &TIER_DELETE_DISPATCH_MANIFEST_NAMESPACE);
+            validate_durable_ilm_record(&path, &data)
+                .expect("dispatch manifest should validate")
+                .checkpoint
+        };
+
+        let preparing = checkpoint(Preparing);
+        let authorized = checkpoint(DispatchAuthorized);
+        let completed = checkpoint(Completed);
+        let aborting = checkpoint(Aborting);
+        let aborted = checkpoint(Aborted);
+
+        preparing
+            .validate_successor(&authorized)
+            .expect("Preparing may become DispatchAuthorized");
+        authorized
+            .validate_successor(&completed)
+            .expect("DispatchAuthorized may become Completed");
+        preparing.validate_successor(&aborting).expect("Preparing may enter rollback");
+        aborting.validate_successor(&aborted).expect("Aborting may become Aborted");
+        assert!(authorized.validate_successor(&aborting).is_err());
+        assert!(completed.validate_successor(&authorized).is_err());
+        assert!(aborted.validate_successor(&preparing).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tier_delete_journal_checkpoint_binds_dispatch_and_full_state_monotonically() {
+        use crate::bucket::lifecycle::tier_sweeper::TierDeleteJournalState::{Committed, Dispatched, Prepared};
+
+        let checkpoint = |content: &str, dispatch: Option<&str>, state| DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint::TierDeleteJournal {
+            content_sha256: content.repeat(64),
+            identity_sha256: "i".repeat(64),
+            committed: state == Some(Committed),
+            dispatch_identity_sha256: dispatch.map(|value| value.repeat(64)),
+            state,
+        };
+        let prepared = checkpoint("a", Some("d"), Some(Prepared));
+        let dispatched = checkpoint("b", Some("d"), Some(Dispatched));
+        let committed = checkpoint("c", Some("d"), Some(Committed));
+        prepared
+            .validate_successor(&dispatched)
+            .expect("Prepared may advance to Dispatched");
+        dispatched
+            .validate_successor(&committed)
+            .expect("Dispatched may advance to Committed");
+        assert!(prepared.validate_successor(&committed).is_err());
+        assert!(dispatched.validate_successor(&prepared).is_err());
+
+        let rebound = checkpoint("b", Some("e"), Some(Dispatched));
+        assert!(dispatched.validate_successor(&rebound).is_err());
+
+        let legacy: DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint = serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!({
+            "kind": "tier_delete_journal",
+            "content_sha256": "a".repeat(64),
+            "identity_sha256": "i".repeat(64),
+            "committed": false
+        }))
+        .expect("legacy tier-delete checkpoint should remain decodable");
+        legacy
+            .validate_successor(&prepared)
+            .expect("byte-identical legacy receipt may adopt the stronger v6 proof");
+        let changed_legacy = DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint::TierDeleteJournal {
+            content_sha256: "z".repeat(64),
+            identity_sha256: "i".repeat(64),
+            committed: false,
+            dispatch_identity_sha256: None,
+            state: None,
+        };
+        assert!(changed_legacy.validate_successor(&prepared).is_err());
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn manual_transition_job_checkpoint_compacts_legacy_progress_compatibly() {
        let options = super::super::bucket_lifecycle_ops::ManualTransitionRunOptions::default();
@@ -20,14 +20,13 @@ mod durable_namespace;
 pub mod evaluator;
 pub mod manual_transition_job;
 mod metadata_boundary;
-pub(crate) use metadata_boundary::{LifecycleExpiryConfigs, get_expiry_configs};
+pub(crate) use metadata_boundary::{LifecycleExpiryConfigs, get_expiry_configs, get_lifecycle_config};
 mod object_handlers_common;
 mod object_lock_boundary;
 pub use self::core as lifecycle;
 mod replication_sink;
 pub mod rule;
 mod runtime_boundary;
-mod tagging_boundary;
 pub mod tier_delete_journal;
 pub mod tier_free_version_recovery;
 pub mod tier_last_day_stats;
@@ -35,6 +34,6 @@ pub mod tier_sweeper;
 pub mod transition_transaction;

 pub(crate) use durable_namespace::{
-    DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint, ILM_META_PREFIX, ValidatedDurableIlmRecord, classify_durable_ilm_record,
-    validate_durable_ilm_record,
+    DurableIlmRecordCheckpoint, ILM_META_PREFIX, TIER_DELETE_DISPATCH_MANIFEST_NAMESPACE, ValidatedDurableIlmRecord,
+    classify_durable_ilm_record, validate_durable_ilm_record,
 };
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
-#[allow(
-    dead_code,
-    reason = "declared boundary surface for the ECStore replication split plan; no caller in this port (backlog#1823)"
-)]
-pub(crate) fn decode_tags_to_map(tags: &str) -> HashMap<String, String> {
-    crate::bucket::tagging::decode_tags_to_map(tags)
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::decode_tags_to_map;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn decode_tags_to_map_preserves_bucket_tagging_parser_behavior() {
-        let tags = decode_tags_to_map("env=prod&encoded=a%2Fb&=ignored");
-
-        assert_eq!(tags.get("env").map(String::as_str), Some("prod"));
-        assert_eq!(tags.get("encoded").map(String::as_str), Some("a/b"));
-        assert!(!tags.contains_key(""));
-    }
-}
@@ -172,7 +172,8 @@ pub(super) async fn recover_tier_free_versions_with_cancel(
        return Err(std::io::Error::other("free-version recovery limit must be greater than zero").into());
    }

-    let page = list_tier_free_versions(api, limit, bucket_marker.clone(), object_marker.clone(), cancel_token.clone()).await?;
+    let page =
+        list_tier_free_versions(api.clone(), limit, bucket_marker.clone(), object_marker.clone(), cancel_token.clone()).await?;
    let mut stats = FreeVersionRecoveryStats {
        scanned: 0,
        enqueued: 0,
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ pub(super) async fn recover_tier_free_versions_with_cancel(
            return Err(tier_free_version_recovery_cancelled());
        }
        retry_cursor.visit(&oi);
-        if !record_recovered_free_version_enqueue(&mut stats, enqueue_recovered_free_version(oi).await) {
+        if !record_recovered_free_version_enqueue(&mut stats, enqueue_recovered_free_version(&api, oi).await) {
            let (bucket_marker, object_marker) = retry_cursor.retry_markers();
            stats.truncated = true;
            stats.next_bucket_marker = bucket_marker;
@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ impl ObjSweeper {
        }
        if del_tier {
            return Some(Jentry {
+                persisted_version: 0,
                obj_name: self.remote_object.clone(),
                version_id: self.transition_version_id.clone(),
                tier_name: self.transition_tier.clone(),
@@ -266,6 +267,7 @@ impl ObjSweeper {
                version_state: self.transition_version_state,
                state: TierDeleteJournalState::Committed,
                source: None,
+                dispatch: None,
            });
        }
        None
@@ -298,9 +300,19 @@ impl ObjSweeper {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(crate) enum TierDeleteJournalState {
    Prepared,
+    Dispatched,
    Committed,
 }

+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(crate) struct TierDeleteDispatchBinding {
+    pub(crate) operation_id: Uuid,
+    pub(crate) manifest_object: String,
+    pub(crate) journal_set_sha256: String,
+    pub(crate) topology_generation: String,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub(crate) struct TierDeleteSourceIdentity {
@@ -342,6 +354,10 @@ impl TierDeleteSourceIdentity {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 #[allow(unused_assignments)]
 pub struct Jentry {
+    /// On-disk format version when decoded. Newly constructed entries use 0;
+    /// the encoder chooses their format from the durable ownership fields.
+    /// Recovery uses this value to quarantine v1-v5 without rewriting them.
+    pub(crate) persisted_version: u8,
    pub(crate) obj_name: String,
    pub(crate) version_id: String,
    pub(crate) tier_name: String,
@@ -350,6 +366,23 @@ pub struct Jentry {
    pub(crate) version_state: rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState,
    pub(crate) state: TierDeleteJournalState,
    pub(crate) source: Option<TierDeleteSourceIdentity>,
+    pub(crate) dispatch: Option<TierDeleteDispatchBinding>,
+}
+
+impl Jentry {
+    /// Whether this prepared transaction is eligible to become the sole
+    /// cleanup owner for its transitioned source. The caller may use this to
+    /// decide whether to persist it, but must not set `skip_free_version`
+    /// until persistence succeeds.
+    pub(crate) fn can_replace_tier_free_version(&self) -> bool {
+        self.state == TierDeleteJournalState::Prepared
+            && self.backend_identity.is_some()
+            && self.version_state != rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState::Unknown
+            && self
+                .source
+                .as_ref()
+                .is_some_and(TierDeleteSourceIdentity::has_stable_identity)
+    }
 }

 impl ExpiryOp for Jentry {
@@ -617,6 +650,7 @@ pub fn transitioned_force_delete_journal_entry(
    }

    Some(Jentry {
+        persisted_version: 0,
        obj_name: transitioned.name.clone(),
        version_id: transitioned.version_id.clone(),
        tier_name: transitioned.tier.clone(),
@@ -628,6 +662,7 @@ pub fn transitioned_force_delete_journal_entry(
        version_state: transition_version_state,
        state: TierDeleteJournalState::Committed,
        source: None,
+        dispatch: None,
    })
 }

@@ -673,17 +708,73 @@ mod test {
    use rustfs_s3_client::signer_error::invalid_utf8_header_error;

    use super::{
-        CONFIRMED_TRANSITION_EMPTY_GUARD_DISPATCHES, ERR_REMOTE_DELETE_BREAKER_OPEN, ERR_REMOTE_DELETE_LIMITER_CLOSED,
-        RemoteDeleteBreaker, RemoteTierDeleteOutcome, delete_confirmed_transition_candidate_exact_with_manager_and_identity,
-        delete_object_from_remote_tier_idempotent, delete_object_from_remote_tier_idempotent_with_manager_and_identity,
-        is_remote_tier_not_found_error, is_signer_header_error, lifecycle, set_remote_tier_delete_test_hook,
-        should_record_remote_delete_failure, transitioned_delete_journal_entry, transitioned_force_delete_journal_entry,
+        CONFIRMED_TRANSITION_EMPTY_GUARD_DISPATCHES, ERR_REMOTE_DELETE_BREAKER_OPEN, ERR_REMOTE_DELETE_LIMITER_CLOSED, Jentry,
+        RemoteDeleteBreaker, RemoteTierDeleteOutcome, TierDeleteJournalState, TierDeleteSourceIdentity,
+        delete_confirmed_transition_candidate_exact_with_manager_and_identity, delete_object_from_remote_tier_idempotent,
+        delete_object_from_remote_tier_idempotent_with_manager_and_identity, is_remote_tier_not_found_error,
+        is_signer_header_error, lifecycle, set_remote_tier_delete_test_hook, should_record_remote_delete_failure,
+        transitioned_delete_journal_entry, transitioned_force_delete_journal_entry,
    };
    use crate::storage_api_contracts::lifecycle::TransitionedObject;
    use rustfs_filemeta::TransitionVersionState;
    use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
    use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

+    fn stable_prepared_journal() -> Jentry {
+        Jentry {
+            persisted_version: 0,
+            obj_name: "remote/object".to_string(),
+            version_id: "remote-version".to_string(),
+            tier_name: "WARM".to_string(),
+            backend_identity: Some([7; 32]),
+            version_id_exact: true,
+            version_state: TransitionVersionState::Exact,
+            state: TierDeleteJournalState::Prepared,
+            source: Some(TierDeleteSourceIdentity {
+                bucket: "bucket".to_string(),
+                object: "object".to_string(),
+                version_id: Some(uuid::Uuid::new_v4().to_string()),
+                versioned: true,
+                version_suspended: false,
+                data_dir: None,
+                etag: None,
+                mod_time: None,
+            }),
+            dispatch: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn only_stable_prepared_journal_can_replace_tier_free_version() {
+        let stable = stable_prepared_journal();
+        assert!(stable.can_replace_tier_free_version());
+
+        let mut committed = stable.clone();
+        committed.state = TierDeleteJournalState::Committed;
+        assert!(!committed.can_replace_tier_free_version());
+
+        let mut unbound = stable.clone();
+        unbound.backend_identity = None;
+        assert!(!unbound.can_replace_tier_free_version());
+
+        let mut unknown = stable.clone();
+        unknown.version_state = TransitionVersionState::Unknown;
+        assert!(!unknown.can_replace_tier_free_version());
+
+        let mut unstable = stable;
+        unstable.source = Some(TierDeleteSourceIdentity {
+            bucket: "bucket".to_string(),
+            object: "object".to_string(),
+            version_id: None,
+            versioned: false,
+            version_suspended: false,
+            data_dir: None,
+            etag: Some("etag-only".to_string()),
+            mod_time: None,
+        });
+        assert!(!unstable.can_replace_tier_free_version());
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn signer_header_error_detection_matches_utf8_failures() {
        let err = Error::new(
@@ -412,8 +412,14 @@ pub(crate) fn require_bucket_metadata_sys_in(
 }

 pub(crate) async fn object_store_in(ctx: &crate::runtime::instance::InstanceContext) -> Result<Arc<ECStore>> {
-    let sys = bucket_metadata_sys_of(ctx)?;
-    Ok(sys.read().await.api.clone())
+    object_store_if_initialized_in(ctx)
+        .await
+        .ok_or_else(|| Error::other("bucket metadata sys not initialized for this instance"))
+}
+
+pub(crate) async fn object_store_if_initialized_in(ctx: &crate::runtime::instance::InstanceContext) -> Option<Arc<ECStore>> {
+    let sys = ctx.bucket_metadata_sys().or_else(get_global_bucket_metadata_sys)?;
+    Some(sys.read().await.api.clone())
 }

 pub(crate) async fn get_in(ctx: &crate::runtime::instance::InstanceContext, bucket: &str) -> Result<Arc<BucketMetadata>> {
@@ -1130,6 +1136,16 @@ pub(crate) async fn has_authoritative_never_versioned_state(bucket: &str) -> Res
    bucket_meta_sys.has_authoritative_never_versioned_state(bucket).await
 }

+pub(crate) async fn has_authoritative_never_versioned_state_in(
+    ctx: &crate::runtime::instance::InstanceContext,
+    bucket: &str,
+) -> Result<bool> {
+    let bucket_meta_sys_lock = bucket_metadata_sys_of(ctx)?;
+    let bucket_meta_sys = bucket_meta_sys_lock.read().await.clone();
+
+    bucket_meta_sys.has_authoritative_never_versioned_state(bucket).await
+}
+
 pub async fn get_website_config(bucket: &str) -> Result<(WebsiteConfiguration, OffsetDateTime)> {
    let bucket_meta_sys_lock = get_bucket_metadata_sys()?;
    let bucket_meta_sys = bucket_meta_sys_lock.read().await;
@@ -2512,11 +2528,169 @@ pub(crate) mod test_support {
 mod tests {
    use super::test_support::isolated_store_over_temp_disks;
    use super::*;
+    use crate::bucket::metadata::{
+        BUCKET_ACCELERATE_CONFIG, BUCKET_CORS_CONFIG, BUCKET_LIFECYCLE_CONFIG, BUCKET_LOGGING_CONFIG, BUCKET_NOTIFICATION_CONFIG,
+        BUCKET_POLICY_CONFIG, BUCKET_PUBLIC_ACCESS_BLOCK_CONFIG, BUCKET_REPLICATION_CONFIG, BUCKET_REQUEST_PAYMENT_CONFIG,
+        BUCKET_SSECONFIG, BUCKET_TAGGING_CONFIG, BUCKET_VERSIONING_CONFIG, BUCKET_WEBSITE_CONFIG, OBJECT_LOCK_CONFIG,
+    };
    use crate::bucket::target::{BucketTarget, BucketTargetType, Credentials};
+    use crate::config::com::read_config;
    use crate::storage_api_contracts::bucket::{BucketOperations as _, DeleteBucketOptions, MakeBucketOptions};
+    use byteorder::{ByteOrder as _, LittleEndian};
    use serial_test::serial;
    use tokio::time::timeout;

+    const NEW_WRITER_REPLICATION_XML: &[u8] = br#"<ReplicationConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/"><Role>arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/replication-role</Role><Rule><ID>rollback</ID><Priority>1</Priority><Filter><Prefix>documents/</Prefix></Filter><Status>Enabled</Status><Destination><Bucket>arn:aws:s3:::replica-bucket</Bucket></Destination><DeleteMarkerReplication><Status>Disabled</Status></DeleteMarkerReplication></Rule></ReplicationConfiguration>"#;
+
+    const NEW_WRITER_CONFIGS: [(&str, &[u8]); 14] = [
+        (BUCKET_POLICY_CONFIG, br#"{"Version":"2012-10-17","Statement":[]}"#),
+        (BUCKET_NOTIFICATION_CONFIG, br#"<NotificationConfiguration/>"#),
+        (
+            BUCKET_LIFECYCLE_CONFIG,
+            br#"<LifecycleConfiguration><Rule><ID>expire</ID><Status>Enabled</Status><Filter><Prefix>logs/</Prefix></Filter><Expiration><Days>30</Days></Expiration></Rule></LifecycleConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+        (
+            OBJECT_LOCK_CONFIG,
+            br#"<ObjectLockConfiguration><ObjectLockEnabled>Enabled</ObjectLockEnabled><Rule><DefaultRetention><Mode>GOVERNANCE</Mode><Days>7</Days></DefaultRetention></Rule></ObjectLockConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+        (
+            BUCKET_VERSIONING_CONFIG,
+            br#"<VersioningConfiguration><Status>Enabled</Status></VersioningConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+        (
+            BUCKET_SSECONFIG,
+            br#"<ServerSideEncryptionConfiguration><Rule><ApplyServerSideEncryptionByDefault><SSEAlgorithm>AES256</SSEAlgorithm></ApplyServerSideEncryptionByDefault></Rule></ServerSideEncryptionConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+        (
+            BUCKET_TAGGING_CONFIG,
+            r#"<Tagging><TagSet><Tag><Key>environment</Key><Value>测试-🦀</Value></Tag></TagSet></Tagging>"#.as_bytes(),
+        ),
+        (BUCKET_REPLICATION_CONFIG, NEW_WRITER_REPLICATION_XML),
+        (
+            BUCKET_CORS_CONFIG,
+            br#"<CORSConfiguration><CORSRule><AllowedMethod>GET</AllowedMethod><AllowedOrigin>https://example.test</AllowedOrigin></CORSRule></CORSConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+        (BUCKET_LOGGING_CONFIG, br#"<BucketLoggingStatus/>"#),
+        (
+            BUCKET_WEBSITE_CONFIG,
+            br#"<WebsiteConfiguration><IndexDocument><Suffix>index.html</Suffix></IndexDocument></WebsiteConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+        (
+            BUCKET_ACCELERATE_CONFIG,
+            br#"<AccelerateConfiguration><Status>Enabled</Status></AccelerateConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+        (
+            BUCKET_REQUEST_PAYMENT_CONFIG,
+            br#"<RequestPaymentConfiguration><Payer>Requester</Payer></RequestPaymentConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+        (
+            BUCKET_PUBLIC_ACCESS_BLOCK_CONFIG,
+            br#"<PublicAccessBlockConfiguration><BlockPublicAcls>true</BlockPublicAcls><IgnorePublicAcls>true</IgnorePublicAcls><BlockPublicPolicy>true</BlockPublicPolicy><RestrictPublicBuckets>false</RestrictPublicBuckets></PublicAccessBlockConfiguration>"#,
+        ),
+    ];
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn g_d3_003_new_writer_replication_loads_without_fail_closed_state() {
+        let (dirs, store) = isolated_store_over_temp_disks().await;
+        let bucket = "rollback-new-replication";
+        for dir in &dirs {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(dir.path().join(bucket)).expect("rollback fixture bucket should be created");
+        }
+
+        let writer = BucketMetadataSys::new(store.clone());
+        let mut metadata = BucketMetadata::new(bucket);
+        metadata
+            .update_config(BUCKET_REPLICATION_CONFIG, NEW_WRITER_REPLICATION_XML.to_vec())
+            .expect("new-writer replication XML should be accepted before persistence");
+        writer
+            .persist_new_and_set(metadata)
+            .await
+            .expect("new-writer replication metadata should persist");
+
+        let old_reader = BucketMetadataSys::new(store);
+        let (loaded, _) = old_reader
+            .get_replication_config(bucket)
+            .await
+            .expect("old metadata_sys must not classify new-writer replication XML as invalid");
+        assert_eq!(loaded.role, "arn:aws:iam::111122223333:role/replication-role");
+        assert_eq!(loaded.rules.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(loaded.rules[0].id.as_deref(), Some("rollback"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn g_d3_004_new_writer_metadata_blob_keeps_legacy_header_and_configs() {
+        let (dirs, store) = isolated_store_over_temp_disks().await;
+        let bucket = "rollback-new-metadata";
+        for dir in &dirs {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(dir.path().join(bucket)).expect("rollback fixture bucket should be created");
+        }
+
+        let writer = BucketMetadataSys::new(store.clone());
+        let mut metadata = BucketMetadata::new(bucket);
+        for (config_file, bytes) in NEW_WRITER_CONFIGS {
+            metadata
+                .update_config(config_file, bytes.to_vec())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("new-writer {config_file} fixture must be valid: {err}"));
+        }
+        writer
+            .persist_new_and_set(metadata)
+            .await
+            .expect("new-writer metadata should persist");
+
+        let path = BucketMetadata::new(bucket).save_file_path();
+        let blob = read_config(store.clone(), &path)
+            .await
+            .expect("persisted .metadata.bin should be readable");
+        assert_eq!(
+            LittleEndian::read_u16(&blob[0..2]),
+            1,
+            "bucket metadata format must stay rollback-readable"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            LittleEndian::read_u16(&blob[2..4]),
+            1,
+            "bucket metadata version must stay rollback-readable"
+        );
+
+        let loaded = load_bucket_metadata(store, bucket)
+            .await
+            .expect("old read_bucket_metadata path must load the new-writer blob");
+        let loaded_configs: [(&str, &[u8]); 14] = [
+            (BUCKET_POLICY_CONFIG, &loaded.policy_config_json),
+            (BUCKET_NOTIFICATION_CONFIG, &loaded.notification_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_LIFECYCLE_CONFIG, &loaded.lifecycle_config_xml),
+            (OBJECT_LOCK_CONFIG, &loaded.object_lock_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_VERSIONING_CONFIG, &loaded.versioning_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_SSECONFIG, &loaded.encryption_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_TAGGING_CONFIG, &loaded.tagging_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_REPLICATION_CONFIG, &loaded.replication_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_CORS_CONFIG, &loaded.cors_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_LOGGING_CONFIG, &loaded.logging_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_WEBSITE_CONFIG, &loaded.website_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_ACCELERATE_CONFIG, &loaded.accelerate_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_REQUEST_PAYMENT_CONFIG, &loaded.request_payment_config_xml),
+            (BUCKET_PUBLIC_ACCESS_BLOCK_CONFIG, &loaded.public_access_block_config_xml),
+        ];
+        for ((expected_name, expected), (loaded_name, actual)) in NEW_WRITER_CONFIGS.into_iter().zip(loaded_configs) {
+            assert_eq!(loaded_name, expected_name);
+            assert_eq!(actual, expected, "old read_bucket_metadata changed {expected_name} bytes");
+        }
+        assert!(loaded.policy_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.notification_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.lifecycle_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.object_lock_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.versioning_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.sse_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.tagging_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.replication_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.cors_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.logging_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.website_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.accelerate_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.request_payment_config.is_some());
+        assert!(loaded.public_access_block_config.is_some());
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn malformed_delete_configs_are_not_treated_as_absent() {
        let (_dirs, ecstore) = isolated_store_over_temp_disks().await;
@@ -177,6 +177,28 @@ pub fn replication_write_may_pass_worm_gate(
    Ok(!(retention_locked && opts.replication_retention_timestamp.is_none()))
 }

+/// Whether an authorized replication delete (`ObjectOptions::replication_request`)
+/// addressed to an explicit version may bypass GOVERNANCE retention on the
+/// local replica, exactly as an `x-amz-bypass-governance-retention` caller
+/// with the bypass permission would.
+///
+/// The source is authoritative for a replicated version purge (issue #6850):
+/// the same WORM deletion gate already ran there, and GOVERNANCE retention
+/// with an authorized bypass is the only lock state it can purge through.
+/// Requiring the bypass header again here makes the purge permanently
+/// undeliverable — replication senders never carry it — and the sites diverge
+/// forever. COMPLIANCE retention and legal hold stay blocking: the source
+/// gate can never purge through them, so a replication purge that meets one
+/// here is divergence or forgery and fails closed.
+///
+/// The trust judgment is the same one the write-path exemption uses:
+/// `replication_request` is only set once the receiving handler has
+/// authorized the caller for the replication action
+/// (`ReplicateDeleteAction`), never straight from request headers.
+pub fn replication_delete_may_bypass_governance(opts: &ObjectOptions) -> bool {
+    opts.replication_request && opts.version_id.is_some()
+}
+
 /// Check if an object is locked based on its metadata.
 /// This is a common function used by both lifecycle evaluation and deletion checks.
 ///
@@ -680,6 +702,32 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(err.to_string().contains("modification time"));
    }

+    /// The replicated-purge GOVERNANCE bypass (#6850) applies only to an
+    /// authorized replication delete addressed to an explicit version: a
+    /// local delete never gets it, and a replicated delete without a version
+    /// id creates a delete marker rather than purging anything.
+    #[test]
+    fn replication_delete_bypasses_governance_only_for_authorized_version_purges() {
+        let version_purge = ObjectOptions {
+            replication_request: true,
+            version_id: Some("6b6ffbc0-b0d3-4a86-8f6c-fe19163b8dcd".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        assert!(replication_delete_may_bypass_governance(&version_purge));
+
+        let local_version_delete = ObjectOptions {
+            replication_request: false,
+            ..version_purge.clone()
+        };
+        assert!(!replication_delete_may_bypass_governance(&local_version_delete));
+
+        let replicated_marker_creation = ObjectOptions {
+            version_id: None,
+            ..version_purge
+        };
+        assert!(!replication_delete_may_bypass_governance(&replicated_marker_creation));
+    }
+
    /// A local PutObjectRetention / PutObjectLegalHold "clear" persists the
    /// lock keys as empty strings (the MinIO on-disk shape, see
    /// `parse_object_lock_retention`); that is "no lock", not corruption, and
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ mod replication_versioning_boundary;
 mod runtime_boundary;

 pub use replication_config_boundary::{
-    ObjectOpts, OperatorRuleContract, REMOTE_TARGET_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REMOTE_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED_FIELDS,
-    REMOTE_TARGET_WRITABLE_FIELDS, REPLICATION_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REPLICATION_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS,
-    REPLICATION_WRITABLE_FIELDS, ReplicationConfigStructureError, ReplicationConfigurationExt, ReplicationTargetValidationError,
-    assign_site_replication_rule_priorities, invalid_replication_config_status_field, is_site_replication_role,
-    is_site_replication_rule, merge_incoming_replication_config, merge_user_replication_config,
-    replication_target_arn_deployment_id, replication_target_arns, should_remove_replication_target,
-    site_replication_rule_deployment_id, unsupported_replication_config_field, validate_replication_config_structure,
-    validate_replication_config_target_arns,
+    ObjectOpts, OperatorRuleContract, REMOTE_TARGET_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REMOTE_TARGET_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS,
+    REMOTE_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED_FIELDS, REMOTE_TARGET_WRITABLE_FIELDS, REPLICATION_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION,
+    REPLICATION_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS, REPLICATION_WRITABLE_FIELDS, ReplicationConfigStructureError,
+    ReplicationConfigurationExt, ReplicationTargetValidationError, assign_site_replication_rule_priorities,
+    invalid_replication_config_status_field, is_site_replication_role, is_site_replication_rule,
+    merge_incoming_replication_config, merge_user_replication_config, replication_target_arn_deployment_id,
+    replication_target_arns, should_remove_replication_target, site_replication_rule_deployment_id,
+    unsupported_replication_config_field, validate_replication_config_structure, validate_replication_config_target_arns,
 };
 pub(crate) use replication_filemeta_boundary::version_purge_statuses_map;
 pub use replication_filemeta_boundary::{
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 pub use rustfs_replication::{
-    ObjectOpts, OperatorRuleContract, REMOTE_TARGET_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REMOTE_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED_FIELDS,
-    REMOTE_TARGET_WRITABLE_FIELDS, REPLICATION_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REPLICATION_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS,
-    REPLICATION_WRITABLE_FIELDS, ReplicationConfigStructureError, ReplicationConfigurationExt, ReplicationRuleExt,
-    ReplicationTargetValidationError, assign_site_replication_rule_priorities, invalid_replication_config_status_field,
-    is_site_replication_role, is_site_replication_rule, merge_incoming_replication_config, merge_user_replication_config,
-    replication_target_arn_deployment_id, replication_target_arns, should_remove_replication_target,
-    site_replication_rule_deployment_id, unsupported_replication_config_field, validate_replication_config_structure,
-    validate_replication_config_target_arns,
+    ObjectOpts, OperatorRuleContract, REMOTE_TARGET_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION, REMOTE_TARGET_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS,
+    REMOTE_TARGET_UNSUPPORTED_FIELDS, REMOTE_TARGET_WRITABLE_FIELDS, REPLICATION_CAPABILITY_CONTRACT_VERSION,
+    REPLICATION_READ_ONLY_HISTORICAL_FIELDS, REPLICATION_WRITABLE_FIELDS, ReplicationConfigStructureError,
+    ReplicationConfigurationExt, ReplicationRuleExt, ReplicationTargetValidationError, assign_site_replication_rule_priorities,
+    invalid_replication_config_status_field, is_site_replication_role, is_site_replication_rule,
+    merge_incoming_replication_config, merge_user_replication_config, replication_target_arn_deployment_id,
+    replication_target_arns, should_remove_replication_target, site_replication_rule_deployment_id,
+    unsupported_replication_config_field, validate_replication_config_structure, validate_replication_config_target_arns,
 };
@@ -436,16 +436,21 @@ pub(crate) async fn check_replicate_delete_strict(
    }

    for target in decision.targets_map.values_mut() {
-        if let Some(client) = ReplicationTargetStore::remote_target_client(bucket, &target.arn).await {
-            target.synchronous = client.replicate_sync;
-        } else {
-            target.replicate = false;
-            target.synchronous = false;
-        }
+        let replicate_sync = ReplicationTargetStore::remote_target_client(bucket, &target.arn)
+            .await
+            .map(|client| client.replicate_sync);
+        apply_target_delivery_mode(target, replicate_sync);
    }
    Ok(decision)
 }

+fn apply_target_delivery_mode(target: &mut ReplicateTargetDecision, replicate_sync: Option<bool>) {
+    // A missing runtime client is a delivery failure, not a rule mismatch.
+    // Preserve admission and fall back to the asynchronous worker, which can
+    // persist FAILED state for the heal/retry path.
+    target.synchronous = replicate_sync.unwrap_or(false);
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn check_replicate_delete_with_snapshot(
    dobj: &ObjectToDelete,
    oi: &ObjectInfo,
@@ -629,6 +634,23 @@ mod tests {
        }));
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn missing_target_client_preserves_delete_admission_as_async() {
+        let mut target = ReplicateTargetDecision::new("arn:target".to_string(), true, true);
+
+        apply_target_delivery_mode(&mut target, None);
+
+        assert!(target.replicate, "a runtime client miss must not erase the replication rule decision");
+        assert!(
+            !target.synchronous,
+            "unavailable synchronous targets must fall back to the async retry path"
+        );
+
+        apply_target_delivery_mode(&mut target, Some(true));
+        assert!(target.replicate);
+        assert!(target.synchronous);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn must_replicate_options_preserve_request_flag() {
        let user_defined = HashMap::new();
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ pub use rustfs_replication::{
 };
 pub(crate) use rustfs_replication::{
    ReplicationDeleteSource, ReplicationMultipartPartInput, ReplicationResyncTargetObject, delete_marker_purge_mrf_entry,
-    delete_marker_purge_version_id, delete_replication_missing_source_decision, delete_replication_object_opts,
-    heal_uses_delete_replication_path, is_retryable_delete_replication_head_error, is_version_delete_replication,
-    replicate_delete_outcome, replication_etags_match, replication_multipart_complete_actual_size,
-    replication_multipart_part_plan, resync_existing_delete_replication_info, resync_target_for_object,
-    should_retry_delete_marker_purge, target_delete_version_id,
+    delete_marker_purge_version_id, delete_replication_creates_marker, delete_replication_missing_source_decision,
+    delete_replication_object_opts, heal_uses_delete_replication_path, is_object_lock_denied_delete,
+    is_retryable_delete_replication_head_error, is_version_delete_replication, replicate_delete_outcome, replication_etags_match,
+    replication_multipart_complete_actual_size, replication_multipart_part_plan, resync_existing_delete_replication_info,
+    resync_target_for_object, should_retry_delete_marker_purge, single_part_replica_etag_mismatch, target_delete_version_id,
 };
@@ -1048,7 +1048,6 @@ pub fn resync_start_conflict_id(error: &EcstoreError) -> Option<&str> {
 }

 /// Main replication pool structure
-#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ReplicationPool<S: ReplicationStorage> {
    // Atomic counters for active workers
    active_workers: Arc<AtomicI32>,
@@ -1094,6 +1093,16 @@ pub struct ReplicationPool<S: ReplicationStorage> {
    resyncer: Arc<ReplicationResyncer>,
 }

+impl<S: ReplicationStorage> std::fmt::Debug for ReplicationPool<S> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("ReplicationPool")
+            .field("active_workers", &self.active_workers.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
+            .field("active_lrg_workers", &self.active_lrg_workers.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
+            .field("active_mrf_workers", &self.active_mrf_workers.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<S: ReplicationStorage> ReplicationPool<S> {
    /// Creates a new replication pool with specified options
    pub async fn new(opts: ReplicationPoolOpts, stats: Arc<ReplicationStats>, storage: Arc<S>) -> Arc<Self> {
@@ -2132,7 +2141,7 @@ impl<S: ReplicationStorage> ReplicationPool<S> {
    }

    /// Load bucket replication resync statuses into memory
-    #[instrument(skip(_cancellation_token))]
+    #[instrument(skip(self, buckets, _cancellation_token), fields(bucket_count = buckets.len()))]
    async fn load_resync(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        buckets: &[String],
@@ -3168,6 +3177,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn queue_replication_heal_internal(
            }
        }
        ReplicationHealQueueAction::QueueDelete(dv) => {
+            // A purge the peer denied under object lock cannot succeed until
+            // the lock lapses (#6850); requeuing it every heal cycle only
+            // burns bandwidth and failure counters. The backoff expires on
+            // its own, so the purge is probed again — and converges — once
+            // the retention window has a chance of being over.
+            if super::replication_object_decision_boundary::is_version_delete_replication(&dv.delete_object)
+                && super::replication_resyncer::object_lock_denied_purge_backoff_active(&dv)
+            {
+                return ReplicationHealQueueResult {
+                    object_info: roi,
+                    admission: ReplicationQueueAdmission::Skipped,
+                };
+            }
            let admission = if let Some(pool) = runtime_sources::replication_pool() {
                pool.queue_replica_delete_task(dv).await
            } else {
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ use time::OffsetDateTime;
 use time::format_description::well_known::Rfc3339;

 pub(crate) use crate::bucket::bucket_target_sys::{
-    AdvancedPutOptions, HeadObjectSdkError, PutObjectOptions, PutObjectPartOptions, RemoveObjectOptions, TargetClient,
-    resolve_read_api_version_id,
+    AdvancedPutOptions, HeadObjectSdkError, PutObjectOptions, PutObjectPartOptions, RemotePutObjectResponse, RemoveObjectOptions,
+    S3ClientError, TargetClient, resolve_read_api_version_id,
 };
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub(crate) use crate::bucket::target::BucketTarget;
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ use time::OffsetDateTime;
 use url::Url;

 const REDACTED_CREDENTIAL: &str = "<redacted>";
+const GO_YEAR_ONE_START_UNIX_SECONDS: i64 = -62_135_596_800;
+const GO_YEAR_TWO_START_UNIX_SECONDS: i64 = -62_104_060_800;

 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct Credentials {
@@ -41,6 +43,26 @@ pub struct Credentials {
 }

 impl Credentials {
+    /// Returns the session token used for request signing.
+    ///
+    /// MinIO-compatible payloads may carry an empty token. Treat whitespace-only
+    /// values as absent without rewriting a real token, whose bytes are opaque.
+    pub fn effective_session_token(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.session_token.as_deref().filter(|token| !token.trim().is_empty())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the credential expiry after normalizing Go's zero `time.Time`.
+    ///
+    /// Go JSON encoders emit year 1 for an unset `time.Time`; persisted MinIO
+    /// target metadata can therefore contain that sentinel even for static
+    /// credentials.
+    pub fn effective_expiration(&self) -> Option<Timestamp> {
+        self.expiration.filter(|expiration| {
+            let unix_seconds = expiration.as_second();
+            !(GO_YEAR_ONE_START_UNIX_SECONDS..GO_YEAR_TWO_START_UNIX_SECONDS).contains(&unix_seconds)
+        })
+    }
+
    pub fn redacted(&self) -> Self {
        Self {
            access_key: self.access_key.clone(),
@@ -355,6 +377,24 @@ mod tests {
    use std::time::Duration;
    use time::OffsetDateTime;

+    #[test]
+    fn credential_effective_values_normalize_only_compatibility_sentinels() {
+        let mut credentials = Credentials {
+            access_key: "access".to_string(),
+            secret_key: "secret".to_string(),
+            session_token: Some("  ".to_string()),
+            expiration: Some("0001-01-01T08:00:00+08:00".parse().expect("Go zero time should parse")),
+        };
+
+        assert!(credentials.effective_session_token().is_none());
+        assert!(credentials.effective_expiration().is_none());
+
+        credentials.session_token = Some(" opaque token ".to_string());
+        credentials.expiration = Some("2099-01-01T00:00:00Z".parse().expect("future timestamp should parse"));
+        assert_eq!(credentials.effective_session_token(), Some(" opaque token "));
+        assert_eq!(credentials.effective_expiration(), credentials.expiration);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn test_bucket_target_json_deserialize() {
        let json = r#"
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ pub fn check_valid_bucket_name_strict(bucket_name: &str) -> Result<()> {
    check_bucket_name_common(bucket_name, true)
 }

+// RUSTFS_COMPAT_TODO(s3gate-metadata-xml): the s3s codec reads persisted XML during migration. Remove after every supported writer uses the gateway codec and every retained metadata object and backup archive is verified or rewritten.
 pub fn deserialize<T>(input: &[u8]) -> xml::DeResult<T>
 where
    T: for<'xml> xml::Deserialize<'xml>,
@@ -1307,6 +1307,32 @@ pub fn verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest<T>(request: &tonic::Request<T>, canonic
    verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest_with_strictness(request, canonical_body, internode_rpc_body_digest_strict())
 }

+/// Verify a non-disk mutation without accepting a newly-generated unsigned v2 body.
+///
+/// The disk mutation lane has a rolling-upgrade exception for `UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD`
+/// while peer replay-cache capability is being discovered. Historical v2 peers
+/// used the fixed `unsigned` nonce before body-digest rollout; preserve that
+/// exact marker for mixed-version compatibility, but reject unsigned v2
+/// requests that omit it or present a different nonce.
+pub fn verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest_reject_unsigned<T>(
+    request: &tonic::Request<T>,
+    canonical_body: &[u8],
+) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let version = request
+        .metadata()
+        .get(RPC_AUTH_VERSION_HEADER)
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok());
+    let digest = request
+        .metadata()
+        .get(RPC_CONTENT_SHA256_HEADER)
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok());
+    let nonce = request.metadata().get(RPC_NONCE_HEADER).and_then(|value| value.to_str().ok());
+    if version == Some(RPC_AUTH_VERSION_V2) && digest == Some(UNSIGNED_PAYLOAD) && nonce != Some("unsigned") {
+        return Err(std::io::Error::other("RPC mutation requires a body-bound v2 signature"));
+    }
+    verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest(request, canonical_body)
+}
+
 /// [`verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest`] with the strict gate injected as a parameter, so both
 /// rollout postures are unit-testable without racing on process-global environment variables.
 fn verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest_with_strictness<T>(
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ use rustfs_rio::{ChunkReaderBox, HttpChunkReader, HttpReader, HttpWriter};
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::future::Future;
+use std::io;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::sync::{Arc, LazyLock, OnceLock};
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
@@ -105,9 +106,13 @@ struct PutFileCapabilityCacheState {
    cached: Option<PutFileCapabilityState>,
    generation: u64,
    in_flight: Option<PutFileCapabilityFlight>,
+    rejected_server_epoch: Option<Uuid>,
 }

-type PutFileCapabilityCacheEntry = Arc<tokio::sync::RwLock<PutFileCapabilityCacheState>>;
+// The registry lock is released before taking an entry lock. Entry guards cover
+// only cache transitions, never a probe or await; poll-based writers must be
+// able to reject an epoch atomically with those transitions.
+type PutFileCapabilityCacheEntry = Arc<parking_lot::RwLock<PutFileCapabilityCacheState>>;

 static PUT_FILE_CAPABILITY_CACHE: LazyLock<parking_lot::RwLock<HashMap<String, PutFileCapabilityCacheEntry>>> =
    LazyLock::new(|| parking_lot::RwLock::new(HashMap::new()));
@@ -119,7 +124,7 @@ fn put_file_capability_cache_entry(endpoint: &str) -> PutFileCapabilityCacheEntr
    PUT_FILE_CAPABILITY_CACHE
        .write()
        .entry(endpoint.to_owned())
-        .or_insert_with(|| Arc::new(tokio::sync::RwLock::new(PutFileCapabilityCacheState::default())))
+        .or_insert_with(|| Arc::new(parking_lot::RwLock::new(PutFileCapabilityCacheState::default())))
        .clone()
 }

@@ -134,6 +139,23 @@ fn fresh_put_file_capability(state: Option<PutFileCapabilityState>, now: Instant
    }
 }

+fn reject_put_file_server_epoch(endpoint: &str, server_epoch: Uuid) {
+    let entry = PUT_FILE_CAPABILITY_CACHE.read().get(endpoint).cloned();
+    if let Some(entry) = entry {
+        let mut state = entry.write();
+        if matches!(state.cached, Some(PutFileCapabilityState::V1 { server_epoch: cached, .. }) if cached == server_epoch) {
+            state.rejected_server_epoch = Some(server_epoch);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn usable_put_file_capability(state: &PutFileCapabilityCacheState, now: Instant) -> Option<Option<Uuid>> {
+    match fresh_put_file_capability(state.cached, now)? {
+        Some(server_epoch) if state.rejected_server_epoch == Some(server_epoch) => None,
+        capability => Some(capability),
+    }
+}
+
 fn put_file_capability_status_is_legacy(status: u16) -> bool {
    status == 404
 }
@@ -322,13 +344,14 @@ impl InternodeDataTransport for TcpHttpInternodeDataTransport {

    async fn open_write(&self, request: WriteStreamRequest) -> Result<FileWriter> {
        let server_epoch = self.put_file_auth_capability(&request.endpoint).await?;
-        let nonce = server_epoch.map(|_| Uuid::new_v4());
-        let url = build_put_file_stream_url(&request, nonce.zip(server_epoch));
+        let auth_scope = server_epoch.map(|server_epoch| (Uuid::new_v4(), server_epoch));
+        let url = build_put_file_stream_url(&request, auth_scope);
+        let endpoint = request.endpoint;
        let mut headers = json_headers();
        build_auth_headers(&url, &Method::PUT, &mut headers)?;
        let writer = HttpWriter::new(url.clone(), Method::PUT, headers).await?;
-        match nonce {
-            Some(nonce) => Ok(Box::new(PutFileAuthWriter::new(writer, url, nonce))),
+        match auth_scope {
+            Some((nonce, server_epoch)) => Ok(Box::new(PutFileAuthWriter::new(writer, url, nonce, endpoint, server_epoch))),
            None => Ok(Box::new(writer)),
        }
    }
@@ -498,15 +521,15 @@ where
 {
    let entry = put_file_capability_cache_entry(endpoint);
    {
-        let state = entry.read().await;
-        if let Some(cached) = fresh_put_file_capability(state.cached, Instant::now()) {
+        let state = entry.read();
+        if let Some(cached) = usable_put_file_capability(&state, Instant::now()) {
            return Ok(cached);
        }
    }

    let flight = {
-        let mut state = entry.write().await;
-        if let Some(cached) = fresh_put_file_capability(state.cached, Instant::now()) {
+        let mut state = entry.write();
+        if let Some(cached) = usable_put_file_capability(&state, Instant::now()) {
            return Ok(cached);
        }
        if let Some(flight) = state.in_flight.clone() {
@@ -532,7 +555,7 @@ where
        .await;

    {
-        let mut state = entry.write().await;
+        let mut state = entry.write();
        let is_current_flight = state
            .in_flight
            .as_ref()
@@ -540,6 +563,9 @@ where
        if is_current_flight {
            match outcome {
                Ok(Some(server_epoch)) => {
+                    if state.rejected_server_epoch != Some(*server_epoch) {
+                        state.rejected_server_epoch = None;
+                    }
                    state.cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::V1 {
                        server_epoch: *server_epoch,
                        revalidate_after: Instant::now() + PUT_FILE_V1_CAPABILITY_TTL,
@@ -630,17 +656,23 @@ struct PutFileAuthWriter<W> {
    inner: W,
    url: String,
    nonce: Uuid,
+    endpoint: String,
+    server_epoch: Uuid,
+    server_epoch_rejected: bool,
    hasher: Sha256,
    trailer: Option<Vec<u8>>,
    trailer_offset: usize,
 }

 impl<W> PutFileAuthWriter<W> {
-    fn new(inner: W, url: String, nonce: Uuid) -> Self {
+    fn new(inner: W, url: String, nonce: Uuid, endpoint: String, server_epoch: Uuid) -> Self {
        Self {
            inner,
            url,
            nonce,
+            endpoint,
+            server_epoch,
+            server_epoch_rejected: false,
            hasher: Sha256::new(),
            trailer: None,
            trailer_offset: 0,
@@ -656,6 +688,14 @@ impl<W> PutFileAuthWriter<W> {
        Ok(())
    }

+    fn reject_server_epoch_on_conflict(&mut self, error: &io::Error) {
+        if self.server_epoch_rejected || !io_error_has_put_file_epoch_conflict(error) {
+            return;
+        }
+        reject_put_file_server_epoch(&self.endpoint, self.server_epoch);
+        self.server_epoch_rejected = true;
+    }
+
    fn poll_write_trailer(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<std::io::Result<()>>
    where
        W: AsyncWrite + Unpin,
@@ -673,7 +713,10 @@ impl<W> PutFileAuthWriter<W> {
                    )));
                }
                Poll::Ready(Ok(written)) => written,
-                Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(err)),
+                Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
+                    self.reject_server_epoch_on_conflict(&err);
+                    return Poll::Ready(Err(err));
+                }
                Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
            };
            self.trailer_offset += written;
@@ -682,6 +725,15 @@ impl<W> PutFileAuthWriter<W> {
    }
 }

+fn io_error_has_put_file_epoch_conflict(error: &io::Error) -> bool {
+    error
+        .get_ref()
+        .and_then(|source| source.downcast_ref::<rustfs_rio::InternodeHttpError>())
+        .is_some_and(
+            |error| matches!(error.kind(), rustfs_rio::InternodeHttpErrorKind::HttpStatus(status) if status.as_u16() == 409),
+        )
+}
+
 impl<W> AsyncWrite for PutFileAuthWriter<W>
 where
    W: AsyncWrite + Unpin,
@@ -698,12 +750,22 @@ where
                self.hasher.update(&buf[..written]);
                Poll::Ready(Ok(written))
            }
-            other => other,
+            Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
+                self.reject_server_epoch_on_conflict(&err);
+                Poll::Ready(Err(err))
+            }
+            Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
        }
    }

    fn poll_flush(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
-        Pin::new(&mut self.inner).poll_flush(cx)
+        match Pin::new(&mut self.inner).poll_flush(cx) {
+            Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
+                self.reject_server_epoch_on_conflict(&err);
+                Poll::Ready(Err(err))
+            }
+            other => other,
+        }
    }

    fn poll_shutdown(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
@@ -712,7 +774,13 @@ where
            Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(err)),
            Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
        }
-        Pin::new(&mut self.inner).poll_shutdown(cx)
+        match Pin::new(&mut self.inner).poll_shutdown(cx) {
+            Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
+                self.reject_server_epoch_on_conflict(&err);
+                Poll::Ready(Err(err))
+            }
+            other => other,
+        }
    }
 }

@@ -840,7 +908,6 @@ mod tests {
            loop {
                let strong_count = entry
                    .read()
-                    .await
                    .in_flight
                    .as_ref()
                    .map(|flight| Arc::strong_count(&flight.outcome))
@@ -858,6 +925,50 @@ mod tests {
    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct LegacyTestTransport;

+    #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+    enum PutFileFailurePhase {
+        Write,
+        Flush,
+        Shutdown,
+    }
+
+    struct PutFileFailureWriter {
+        phase: PutFileFailurePhase,
+        status: reqwest::StatusCode,
+    }
+
+    impl PutFileFailureWriter {
+        fn error(&self) -> io::Error {
+            rustfs_rio::new_test_internode_http_io_error(rustfs_rio::InternodeHttpErrorKind::HttpStatus(self.status))
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl tokio::io::AsyncWrite for PutFileFailureWriter {
+        fn poll_write(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _cx: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8]) -> Poll<std::io::Result<usize>> {
+            Poll::Ready(if matches!(self.phase, PutFileFailurePhase::Write) {
+                Err(self.error())
+            } else {
+                Ok(buf.len())
+            })
+        }
+
+        fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
+            Poll::Ready(if matches!(self.phase, PutFileFailurePhase::Flush) {
+                Err(self.error())
+            } else {
+                Ok(())
+            })
+        }
+
+        fn poll_shutdown(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<std::io::Result<()>> {
+            Poll::Ready(if matches!(self.phase, PutFileFailurePhase::Shutdown) {
+                Err(self.error())
+            } else {
+                Ok(())
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
    #[async_trait::async_trait]
    impl InternodeDataTransport for LegacyTestTransport {
        async fn open_read(&self, _request: ReadStreamRequest) -> Result<FileReader> {
@@ -1048,7 +1159,7 @@ mod tests {
        let v1_endpoint = format!("http://v1-{}.invalid", Uuid::new_v4());
        let v1_entry = put_file_capability_cache_entry(&v1_endpoint);
        let server_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
-        v1_entry.write().await.cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::V1 {
+        v1_entry.write().cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::V1 {
            server_epoch,
            revalidate_after: Instant::now() + PUT_FILE_V1_CAPABILITY_TTL,
        });
@@ -1067,7 +1178,7 @@ mod tests {
            Some(server_epoch)
        );
        assert!(!cache_probe_called.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
-        v1_entry.write().await.cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::V1 {
+        v1_entry.write().cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::V1 {
            server_epoch,
            revalidate_after: Instant::now(),
        });
@@ -1086,8 +1197,7 @@ mod tests {

        let legacy_endpoint = format!("http://legacy-{}.invalid", Uuid::new_v4());
        let legacy_entry = put_file_capability_cache_entry(&legacy_endpoint);
-        legacy_entry.write().await.cached =
-            Some(PutFileCapabilityState::LegacyUntil(Instant::now() + PUT_FILE_LEGACY_CAPABILITY_TTL));
+        legacy_entry.write().cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::LegacyUntil(Instant::now() + PUT_FILE_LEGACY_CAPABILITY_TTL));
        assert!(
            transport
                .put_file_auth_capability(&legacy_endpoint)
@@ -1098,7 +1208,7 @@ mod tests {

        let expired_endpoint = format!("http://expired-legacy-{}.invalid", Uuid::new_v4());
        let expired_entry = put_file_capability_cache_entry(&expired_endpoint);
-        expired_entry.write().await.cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::LegacyUntil(Instant::now()));
+        expired_entry.write().cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::LegacyUntil(Instant::now()));
        let reprobed = std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false);
        assert_eq!(
            resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&expired_endpoint, || async {
@@ -1349,7 +1459,7 @@ mod tests {
        };
        probe_started.notified().await;
        {
-            let mut state = entry.write().await;
+            let mut state = entry.write();
            state.generation = state.generation.checked_add(1).expect("test generation should advance");
            state.cached = Some(PutFileCapabilityState::V1 {
                server_epoch: newer_epoch,
@@ -1362,10 +1472,7 @@ mod tests {
            task.await.expect("stale task should finish").expect("stale probe result"),
            Some(stale_epoch)
        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            fresh_put_file_capability(entry.read().await.cached, Instant::now()),
-            Some(Some(newer_epoch))
-        );
+        assert_eq!(fresh_put_file_capability(entry.read().cached, Instant::now()), Some(Some(newer_epoch)));
    }

    #[test]
@@ -1398,6 +1505,8 @@ mod tests {

        let _ = rustfs_credentials::set_global_rpc_secret("put-file-auth-writer-test-secret".to_string());
        let nonce = Uuid::parse_str("11111111-2222-4333-8444-555555555555").expect("nonce");
+        let server_epoch = Uuid::parse_str("aaaaaaaa-bbbb-4ccc-8ddd-eeeeeeeeeeee").expect("server epoch");
+        let endpoint = "http://node1:9000".to_string();
        let url = concat!(
            "http://node1:9000/rustfs/rpc/put_file_stream?disk=disk-a&volume=bucket&path=object%2Fpart.1",
            "&append=false&size=11&put_file_auth=digest-trailer-v1&put_file_nonce=11111111-2222-4333-8444-555555555555"
@@ -1406,7 +1515,7 @@ mod tests {
        let mut sink = Vec::new();

        {
-            let mut writer = PutFileAuthWriter::new(&mut sink, url.clone(), nonce);
+            let mut writer = PutFileAuthWriter::new(&mut sink, url.clone(), nonce, endpoint, server_epoch);
            writer.write_all(b"hello world").await.expect("body write should succeed");
            writer.shutdown().await.expect("shutdown should append auth trailer");
            let err = writer
@@ -1424,6 +1533,143 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(verified, expected_digest);
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn put_file_auth_writer_reprobes_after_server_epoch_conflict() {
+        use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
+
+        let _ = rustfs_credentials::set_global_rpc_secret("put-file-epoch-conflict-test-secret".to_string());
+        for status in [reqwest::StatusCode::CONFLICT, reqwest::StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST] {
+            for (phase, trailer_write) in [
+                (PutFileFailurePhase::Write, false),
+                (PutFileFailurePhase::Write, true),
+                (PutFileFailurePhase::Flush, false),
+                (PutFileFailurePhase::Shutdown, false),
+            ] {
+                let endpoint = format!("http://epoch-conflict-{}.invalid", Uuid::new_v4());
+                let stale_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
+                let replacement_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
+                resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { Ok(Some(stale_epoch)) })
+                    .await
+                    .expect("initial capability should resolve");
+                let mut writer = PutFileAuthWriter::new(
+                    PutFileFailureWriter { phase, status },
+                    format!("{endpoint}{PUT_FILE_AUTH_STREAM_PATH}"),
+                    Uuid::new_v4(),
+                    endpoint.clone(),
+                    stale_epoch,
+                );
+                let error = match (phase, trailer_write) {
+                    (PutFileFailurePhase::Write, false) => writer.write_all(b"body").await,
+                    (PutFileFailurePhase::Flush, _) => writer.flush().await,
+                    _ => writer.shutdown().await,
+                }
+                .expect_err("injected writer error must reach the caller");
+                let conflict = status == reqwest::StatusCode::CONFLICT;
+                assert_eq!(io_error_has_put_file_epoch_conflict(&error), conflict);
+
+                let probe_called = AtomicBool::new(false);
+                let resolved = resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async {
+                    probe_called.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                    Ok(Some(replacement_epoch))
+                })
+                .await
+                .expect("capability should remain usable or be reprobed");
+                assert_eq!(probe_called.load(Ordering::SeqCst), conflict, "phase={phase:?}, trailer={trailer_write}");
+                assert_eq!(resolved, Some(if conflict { replacement_epoch } else { stale_epoch }));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn late_put_file_epoch_rejection_preserves_current_rejection() {
+        let endpoint = format!("http://late-epoch-conflict-{}.invalid", Uuid::new_v4());
+        let old_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let current_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let replacement_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { Ok(Some(old_epoch)) })
+                .await
+                .expect("initial epoch should be cached"),
+            Some(old_epoch)
+        );
+        reject_put_file_server_epoch(&endpoint, old_epoch);
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { Ok(Some(current_epoch)) })
+                .await
+                .expect("first restart should install a new epoch"),
+            Some(current_epoch)
+        );
+
+        reject_put_file_server_epoch(&endpoint, current_epoch);
+        // A writer opened before the first restart can report its 409 after
+        // a newer writer has already rejected the second server incarnation.
+        reject_put_file_server_epoch(&endpoint, old_epoch);
+        let probe_called = AtomicBool::new(false);
+        let resolved = resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async {
+            probe_called.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+            Ok(Some(replacement_epoch))
+        })
+        .await
+        .expect("late old-epoch rejection must preserve the current rejection");
+
+        assert!(probe_called.load(Ordering::SeqCst), "known-rejected current epoch must be reprobed");
+        assert_eq!(resolved, Some(replacement_epoch));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn put_file_epoch_rejection_is_endpoint_and_epoch_scoped() {
+        let endpoint = format!("http://scoped-epoch-{}.invalid", Uuid::new_v4());
+        let other_endpoint = format!("http://other-epoch-{}.invalid", Uuid::new_v4());
+        let current_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
+        for endpoint in [&endpoint, &other_endpoint] {
+            resolve_put_file_auth_capability(endpoint, || async { Ok(Some(current_epoch)) })
+                .await
+                .expect("initial epoch should resolve");
+        }
+        reject_put_file_server_epoch(&endpoint, Uuid::new_v4());
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { panic!("old writer must not invalidate a new epoch") })
+                .await
+                .expect("new epoch must remain cached"),
+            Some(current_epoch)
+        );
+        reject_put_file_server_epoch(&endpoint, current_epoch);
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&other_endpoint, || async { panic!("another endpoint must stay cached") })
+                .await
+                .expect("other endpoint must remain cached"),
+            Some(current_epoch)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn put_file_rejected_epoch_survives_failed_stale_and_downgrade_probes() {
+        let endpoint = format!("http://rejected-probe-{}.invalid", Uuid::new_v4());
+        let rejected_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let replacement_epoch = Uuid::new_v4();
+        resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { Ok(Some(rejected_epoch)) })
+            .await
+            .expect("initial epoch should resolve");
+        reject_put_file_server_epoch(&endpoint, rejected_epoch);
+        let failure = resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { Err(Error::other("injected probe failure")) })
+            .await
+            .expect_err("probe failure must be returned");
+        assert!(failure.to_string().contains("injected probe failure"));
+        let downgrade = resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { Ok(None) })
+            .await
+            .expect_err("rejection must not unpin authenticated v1");
+        assert!(downgrade.to_string().contains("downgrade rejected"));
+        resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { Ok(Some(rejected_epoch)) })
+            .await
+            .expect("a probe racing a restart can still return the old epoch");
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_put_file_auth_capability(&endpoint, || async { Ok(Some(replacement_epoch)) })
+                .await
+                .expect("same-epoch probe must not clear known rejection"),
+            Some(replacement_epoch)
+        );
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn walk_dir_url_encodes_disk_ref() {
        let url = build_walk_dir_url(&WalkDirStreamRequest {
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ pub use http_auth::{
    sign_tonic_rpc_response_proof, tonic_boot_epoch_challenge, tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers, tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason,
    verify_ns_scanner_capability, verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation, verify_put_file_auth_trailer,
    verify_put_file_capability, verify_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_boot_epoch_response, verify_tonic_canonical_body_digest,
-    verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest, verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof, verify_tonic_rpc_signature,
-    verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap,
+    verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest, verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest_reject_unsigned, verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof,
+    verify_tonic_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap,
 };
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub(crate) use internode_data_transport::TcpHttpInternodeDataTransport;
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ use rustfs_protos::proto_gen::node_service::{
    ScannerActivityRequest, ScannerActivityResponse, ScannerPublicationLeaseReleaseRequest, ScannerPublicationLeaseRequest,
    ScannerPublicationLeaseResponse, ServerInfoRequest, SignalServiceRequest, SignalServiceResponse, StartDecommissionRequest,
    StartProfilingRequest, StopRebalanceRequest, TierMutationAbortRequest, TierMutationCommitRequest,
-    TierMutationControlResponse, TierMutationPeerState, TierMutationPrepareRequest, node_service_client::NodeServiceClient,
-    tier_mutation_control_service_client::TierMutationControlServiceClient,
+    TierMutationControlResponse, TierMutationFailureClass, TierMutationPeerState, TierMutationPrepareRequest,
+    node_service_client::NodeServiceClient, tier_mutation_control_service_client::TierMutationControlServiceClient,
 };
 pub use rustfs_protos::{PEER_RESTDRY_RUN, PEER_RESTSIGNAL, PEER_RESTSUB_SYS};
 use rustfs_protos::{TierMutationRpcPhase, evict_failed_connection};
@@ -122,6 +122,14 @@ fn control_plane_failure(op: &str, bucket: Option<&str>, error_code: Option<i32>
    if error_code == Some(rustfs_protos::proto_gen::node_service::ControlPlaneErrorCode::ControlPlaneErrorNotInitialized as i32) {
        return Error::RemoteNotInitialized;
    }
+    if error_code == Some(rustfs_protos::proto_gen::node_service::ControlPlaneErrorCode::ControlPlaneErrorInvalidArgument as i32)
+    {
+        return Error::InvalidArgument(
+            "control-plane".to_string(),
+            op.to_string(),
+            error_info.unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{op}: peer rejected invalid argument without details")),
+        );
+    }
    match error_info {
        Some(msg) => Error::other(msg),
        None => peer_failure_without_details(op, bucket),
@@ -454,6 +462,31 @@ pub struct PeerTierMutationOutcome {
    pub applied: bool,
 }

+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("{message}")]
+struct TierMutationDefinitelyRejected {
+    message: String,
+}
+
+fn tier_mutation_definitely_rejected_error(message: String) -> Error {
+    Error::other(TierMutationDefinitelyRejected { message })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) fn test_tier_mutation_definitely_rejected_error(message: &str) -> Error {
+    tier_mutation_definitely_rejected_error(message.to_string())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn tier_mutation_error_is_definitely_rejected(error: &Error) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        error,
+        Error::Io(io_error)
+            if io_error
+                .get_ref()
+                .is_some_and(|source| source.downcast_ref::<TierMutationDefinitelyRejected>().is_some())
+    )
+}
+
 fn validate_tier_mutation_response_proof(
    version: u32,
    phase: TierMutationRpcPhase,
@@ -461,6 +494,16 @@ fn validate_tier_mutation_response_proof(
    canonical_payload: &[u8],
    response: &TierMutationControlResponse,
 ) -> Result<()> {
+    if response.response_proof.len() > rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_MAX_RESPONSE_PROOF_SIZE {
+        return Err(Error::other("peer tier mutation response proof exceeds size limit"));
+    }
+    if response
+        .error_info
+        .as_ref()
+        .is_some_and(|error| error.len() > rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_MAX_ERROR_INFO_SIZE)
+    {
+        return Err(Error::other("peer tier mutation error response exceeds size limit"));
+    }
    let canonical_response =
        rustfs_protos::canonical_tier_mutation_rpc_response_body(rustfs_protos::TierMutationRpcResponseProofInput {
            version,
@@ -471,6 +514,7 @@ fn validate_tier_mutation_response_proof(
            state: response.state,
            applied: response.applied,
            error_info: response.error_info.as_deref(),
+            failure_class: response.failure_class,
        })
        .map_err(|_| Error::other("tier mutation response length cannot be represented"))?;
    verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof(&canonical_response, &response.response_proof)
@@ -492,9 +536,9 @@ fn validate_tier_mutation_payload_len(phase: TierMutationRpcPhase, payload_len:
        TierMutationRpcPhase::Commit => rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_MAX_COMMIT_PAYLOAD_SIZE,
        TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort => {
            if payload_len == 0 {
-                return Ok(());
+                return Err(Error::other("tier mutation abort payload is empty"));
            }
-            return Err(Error::other("tier mutation abort payload must be empty"));
+            rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_MAX_ABORT_PAYLOAD_SIZE
        }
        _ => return Err(Error::other("tier mutation rpc phase is unsupported")),
    };
@@ -513,8 +557,29 @@ fn tier_mutation_phase_label(phase: TierMutationRpcPhase) -> &'static str {
    }
 }

-fn tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase: TierMutationRpcPhase, status: tonic::Status) -> Error {
-    Error::other(format!("peer tier mutation {} RPC failed: {status}", tier_mutation_phase_label(phase)))
+fn tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase: TierMutationRpcPhase, requested_version: u32, status: tonic::Status) -> Error {
+    let message = format!("peer tier mutation {} RPC failed: {status}", tier_mutation_phase_label(phase));
+    let legacy_rejection = format!("unsupported tier mutation peer protocol version: {requested_version}");
+    // RUSTFS_COMPAT_TODO(backlog-2097-tier-mutation-v4-error-text): retain this exact v3-server rejection classifier for mixed-version peers. Remove after every supported peer returns the signed v4 failure class.
+    if requested_version == rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION
+        && status.code() == tonic::Code::FailedPrecondition
+        && status.message().as_bytes() == legacy_rejection.as_bytes()
+    {
+        return tier_mutation_definitely_rejected_error(message);
+    }
+    Error::other(message)
+}
+
+fn tier_mutation_failed_response_error(version: u32, failure_class: i32, error_info: Option<String>) -> Error {
+    let message = error_info.unwrap_or_else(|| "peer tier mutation failed without an error".to_string());
+    if version == rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION
+        && TierMutationFailureClass::try_from(failure_class).ok() == Some(TierMutationFailureClass::PreDispatchRejected)
+    {
+        return tier_mutation_definitely_rejected_error(message);
+    }
+    // Missing/zero, unknown, and explicit Ambiguous are deliberately the same
+    // fail-closed result: the coordinator must include this peer in Abort.
+    Error::other(message)
 }

 impl PeerRestClient {
@@ -725,7 +790,7 @@ impl PeerRestClient {
    /// never take it offline no matter what its message says. The substring
    /// fallback only covers failures that exist purely as text, such as the
    /// dial errors `get_client` wraps.
-    fn is_network_like_error(err: &Error) -> bool {
+    pub(crate) fn is_network_like_error(err: &Error) -> bool {
        if let Error::Io(io_err) = err
            && let Some(status) = embedded_tonic_status(io_err)
        {
@@ -1307,8 +1372,12 @@ impl PeerRestClient {
            .await
    }

-    pub async fn abort_tier_mutation(&self, mutation_id: Uuid) -> Result<PeerTierMutationOutcome> {
-        self.tier_mutation_control(TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort, mutation_id, Bytes::new())
+    pub async fn abort_tier_mutation(
+        &self,
+        mutation_id: Uuid,
+        canonical_prepare_payload: Bytes,
+    ) -> Result<PeerTierMutationOutcome> {
+        self.tier_mutation_control(TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort, mutation_id, canonical_prepare_payload)
            .await
    }

@@ -1342,7 +1411,7 @@ impl PeerRestClient {
                        client
                            .prepare_tier_mutation(request)
                            .await
-                            .map_err(|status| tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase, status))?
+                            .map_err(|status| tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase, version, status))?
                            .into_inner()
                    }
                    TierMutationRpcPhase::Commit => {
@@ -1355,7 +1424,7 @@ impl PeerRestClient {
                        client
                            .commit_tier_mutation(request)
                            .await
-                            .map_err(|status| tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase, status))?
+                            .map_err(|status| tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase, version, status))?
                            .into_inner()
                    }
                    TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort => {
@@ -1368,18 +1437,19 @@ impl PeerRestClient {
                        client
                            .abort_tier_mutation(request)
                            .await
-                            .map_err(|status| tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase, status))?
+                            .map_err(|status| tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase, version, status))?
                            .into_inner()
                    }
                    _ => return Err(Error::other("tier mutation rpc phase is unsupported")),
                };
                validate_tier_mutation_response_proof(version, phase, mutation_id, &canonical_payload, &response)?;
                if !response.success {
-                    return Err(Error::other(
-                        response
-                            .error_info
-                            .unwrap_or_else(|| "peer tier mutation failed without an error".to_string()),
-                    ));
+                    return Err(tier_mutation_failed_response_error(version, response.failure_class, response.error_info));
+                }
+                if version == rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION
+                    && response.failure_class != TierMutationFailureClass::Unspecified as i32
+                {
+                    return Err(Error::other("successful peer tier mutation response carried a failure class"));
                }
                let state = decode_tier_mutation_peer_state(response.state)?;
                Ok(PeerTierMutationOutcome {
@@ -2335,6 +2405,29 @@ mod tests {
        use rustfs_protos::proto_gen::node_service::ControlPlaneErrorCode;
        assert_eq!(ControlPlaneErrorCode::ControlPlaneErrorUnspecified as i32, 0);
        assert_eq!(ControlPlaneErrorCode::ControlPlaneErrorNotInitialized as i32, 1);
+        assert_eq!(ControlPlaneErrorCode::ControlPlaneErrorInvalidArgument as i32, 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn control_plane_failure_preserves_typed_invalid_argument_reason() {
+        use rustfs_protos::proto_gen::node_service::ControlPlaneErrorCode;
+
+        let reason = "durable unresolved-entry recovery requires pool metadata V2 or V3";
+        let err = control_plane_failure(
+            "start_decommission",
+            None,
+            Some(ControlPlaneErrorCode::ControlPlaneErrorInvalidArgument as i32),
+            Some(reason.to_string()),
+        );
+
+        assert!(
+            matches!(
+                err,
+                Error::InvalidArgument(ref scope, ref operation, ref actual_reason)
+                    if scope == "control-plane" && operation == "start_decommission" && actual_reason == reason
+            ),
+            "forwarded validation failures must remain typed and actionable"
+        );
    }

    #[test]
@@ -3301,6 +3394,7 @@ mod tests {
        state: i32,
        applied: bool,
        error_info: Option<&'a str>,
+        failure_class: i32,
    }

    fn signed_tier_mutation_response(input: TierMutationResponseFixture<'_>) -> TierMutationControlResponse {
@@ -3314,6 +3408,7 @@ mod tests {
                state: input.state,
                applied: input.applied,
                error_info: input.error_info,
+                failure_class: input.failure_class,
            })
            .expect("small tier mutation response should encode");
        let response_proof =
@@ -3324,6 +3419,7 @@ mod tests {
            applied: input.applied,
            error_info: input.error_info.map(str::to_string),
            response_proof: response_proof.into(),
+            failure_class: input.failure_class,
        }
    }

@@ -3341,6 +3437,7 @@ mod tests {
            state: TierMutationPeerState::Prepared as i32,
            applied: true,
            error_info: None,
+            failure_class: TierMutationFailureClass::Unspecified as i32,
        });
        validate_tier_mutation_response_proof(
            rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
@@ -3365,6 +3462,10 @@ mod tests {
                applied: false,
                ..response.clone()
            },
+            TierMutationControlResponse {
+                failure_class: TierMutationFailureClass::Ambiguous as i32,
+                ..response.clone()
+            },
        ] {
            let err = validate_tier_mutation_response_proof(
                rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
@@ -3388,6 +3489,44 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(err.to_string().contains("invalid tier mutation response proof"));
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn tier_mutation_response_rejects_oversized_proof_and_error_before_verification() {
+        let mutation_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let payload = b"tier-mutation-prepare";
+        let oversized_proof = TierMutationControlResponse {
+            success: false,
+            state: TierMutationPeerState::Unspecified as i32,
+            applied: false,
+            error_info: None,
+            response_proof: vec![0; rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_MAX_RESPONSE_PROOF_SIZE + 1].into(),
+            failure_class: TierMutationFailureClass::Ambiguous as i32,
+        };
+        let err = validate_tier_mutation_response_proof(
+            rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+            TierMutationRpcPhase::Prepare,
+            mutation_id,
+            payload,
+            &oversized_proof,
+        )
+        .expect_err("oversized proof must fail before cryptographic verification");
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("response proof exceeds size limit"));
+
+        let oversized_error = TierMutationControlResponse {
+            response_proof: Bytes::new(),
+            error_info: Some("e".repeat(rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_MAX_ERROR_INFO_SIZE + 1)),
+            ..oversized_proof
+        };
+        let err = validate_tier_mutation_response_proof(
+            rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+            TierMutationRpcPhase::Prepare,
+            mutation_id,
+            payload,
+            &oversized_error,
+        )
+        .expect_err("oversized error detail must fail before proof construction");
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("error response exceeds size limit"));
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn tier_mutation_peer_state_decode_fails_closed() {
        assert_eq!(
@@ -3432,8 +3571,17 @@ mod tests {
            )
            .is_err()
        );
-        validate_tier_mutation_payload_len(TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort, 0).expect("empty abort payload should fit");
-        assert!(validate_tier_mutation_payload_len(TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort, 1).is_err());
+        assert!(validate_tier_mutation_payload_len(TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort, 0).is_err());
+        validate_tier_mutation_payload_len(TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort, 1).expect("non-empty abort payload should fit");
+        validate_tier_mutation_payload_len(TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort, rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_MAX_ABORT_PAYLOAD_SIZE)
+            .expect("max abort payload should fit");
+        assert!(
+            validate_tier_mutation_payload_len(
+                TierMutationRpcPhase::Abort,
+                rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_MAX_ABORT_PAYLOAD_SIZE + 1,
+            )
+            .is_err()
+        );
    }

    #[test]
@@ -3448,7 +3596,7 @@ mod tests {
                tonic::Status::deadline_exceeded("peer tier mutation control timed out"),
                tonic::Status::unavailable("peer tier mutation control unavailable"),
            ] {
-                let err = tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase, status);
+                let err = tier_mutation_control_status_error(phase, rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION, status);
                let rendered = err.to_string();
                assert!(rendered.contains(&format!("peer tier mutation {label} RPC failed")), "{rendered}");
                assert!(
@@ -3462,6 +3610,61 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn tier_mutation_v4_to_v3_rejection_classification_requires_exact_status_and_message() {
+        let version = rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION;
+        let exact = format!("unsupported tier mutation peer protocol version: {version}");
+        let rejected = tier_mutation_control_status_error(
+            TierMutationRpcPhase::Prepare,
+            version,
+            tonic::Status::failed_precondition(exact.clone()),
+        );
+        assert!(tier_mutation_error_is_definitely_rejected(&rejected));
+
+        for status in [
+            tonic::Status::failed_precondition(format!("{exact}.")),
+            tonic::Status::failed_precondition(format!("unsupported tier mutation peer protocol version: {}", version - 1)),
+            tonic::Status::invalid_argument(exact.clone()),
+            tonic::Status::unimplemented(exact),
+        ] {
+            let ambiguous = tier_mutation_control_status_error(TierMutationRpcPhase::Prepare, version, status);
+            assert!(
+                !tier_mutation_error_is_definitely_rejected(&ambiguous),
+                "near-text, wrong-code, and Unimplemented failures must remain ambiguous"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tier_mutation_v4_failure_class_is_typed_and_fails_closed() {
+        let version = rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PROTOCOL_VERSION;
+        let rejected = tier_mutation_failed_response_error(
+            version,
+            TierMutationFailureClass::PreDispatchRejected as i32,
+            Some("rejected".to_string()),
+        );
+        assert!(tier_mutation_error_is_definitely_rejected(&rejected));
+
+        for failure_class in [
+            TierMutationFailureClass::Unspecified as i32,
+            TierMutationFailureClass::Ambiguous as i32,
+            99,
+        ] {
+            let ambiguous = tier_mutation_failed_response_error(version, failure_class, None);
+            assert!(
+                !tier_mutation_error_is_definitely_rejected(&ambiguous),
+                "missing, unknown, and explicit ambiguous classes must trigger Abort fanout"
+            );
+        }
+
+        let v3_ignores_v4_class = tier_mutation_failed_response_error(
+            rustfs_protos::TIER_MUTATION_RPC_PREVIOUS_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+            TierMutationFailureClass::PreDispatchRejected as i32,
+            Some("legacy failure".to_string()),
+        );
+        assert!(!tier_mutation_error_is_definitely_rejected(&v3_ignores_v4_class));
+    }
+
    #[tokio::test]
    async fn peer_rest_client_rejects_oversized_tier_prepare_before_dialing() {
        let client = test_peer_client();
@@ -12,35 +12,28 @@
 //  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 //  limitations under the License.

+use super::target_defaults::{amqp_kvs, kafka_kvs, mysql_kvs, nats_kvs, postgres_kvs, pulsar_kvs, redis_kvs};
 use rustfs_config::audit::AUDIT_REDIS_DEFAULT_CHANNEL;
 use rustfs_config::server_config::{KV, KVS};
 use rustfs_config::{
-    AMQP_EXCHANGE, AMQP_MANDATORY, AMQP_PASSWORD, AMQP_PERSISTENT, AMQP_QUEUE_DIR, AMQP_QUEUE_LIMIT, AMQP_ROUTING_KEY,
-    AMQP_TLS_CA, AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, AMQP_URL, AMQP_USERNAME, COMMENT_KEY, DEFAULT_LIMIT, ENABLE_KEY,
-    EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, EnableState, KAFKA_ACKS, KAFKA_BROKERS, KAFKA_QUEUE_DIR, KAFKA_QUEUE_LIMIT, KAFKA_SASL_ENABLE,
-    KAFKA_SASL_MECHANISM, KAFKA_SASL_PASSWORD, KAFKA_SASL_USERNAME, KAFKA_TLS_CA, KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_KEY,
-    KAFKA_TLS_ENABLE, KAFKA_TOPIC, MQTT_BROKER, MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, MQTT_PASSWORD, MQTT_QOS, MQTT_QUEUE_DIR,
-    MQTT_QUEUE_LIMIT, MQTT_RECONNECT_INTERVAL, MQTT_TLS_CA, MQTT_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, MQTT_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, MQTT_TLS_POLICY,
-    MQTT_TLS_TRUST_LEAF_AS_CA, MQTT_TOPIC, MQTT_USERNAME, MQTT_WS_PATH_ALLOWLIST, MYSQL_DSN_STRING, MYSQL_FORMAT,
-    MYSQL_MAX_OPEN_CONNECTIONS, MYSQL_QUEUE_DIR, MYSQL_QUEUE_LIMIT, MYSQL_TABLE, MYSQL_TLS_CA, MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_CERT,
-    MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, NATS_ADDRESS, NATS_CREDENTIALS_FILE, NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT_SECS,
-    NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_SECS, NATS_JETSTREAM_ENABLE, NATS_JETSTREAM_STREAM_NAME, NATS_PASSWORD, NATS_QUEUE_DIR,
-    NATS_QUEUE_LIMIT, NATS_SUBJECT, NATS_TLS_CA, NATS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, NATS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, NATS_TLS_REQUIRED, NATS_TOKEN,
-    NATS_USERNAME, POSTGRES_DSN_STRING, POSTGRES_FORMAT, POSTGRES_QUEUE_DIR, POSTGRES_QUEUE_LIMIT, POSTGRES_TABLE,
-    POSTGRES_TLS_CA, POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, POSTGRES_TLS_REQUIRED, PULSAR_AUTH_TOKEN, PULSAR_BROKER,
-    PULSAR_PASSWORD, PULSAR_QUEUE_DIR, PULSAR_QUEUE_LIMIT, PULSAR_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE, PULSAR_TLS_CA,
-    PULSAR_TLS_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION, PULSAR_TOPIC, PULSAR_USERNAME, REDIS_CHANNEL, REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT,
-    REDIS_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, REDIS_MAX_RETRY_ATTEMPTS, REDIS_MAX_RETRY_DELAY, REDIS_MIN_RETRY_DELAY, REDIS_PASSWORD,
-    REDIS_PIPELINE_BUFFER_SIZE, REDIS_QUEUE_DIR, REDIS_QUEUE_LIMIT, REDIS_RECONNECT_RETRY_ATTEMPTS, REDIS_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT,
-    REDIS_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE, REDIS_TLS_CA, REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, REDIS_TLS_POLICY, REDIS_URL,
-    REDIS_USERNAME, WEBHOOK_AUTH_TOKEN, WEBHOOK_BATCH_SIZE, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CA, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CERT, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_KEY,
-    WEBHOOK_ENDPOINT, WEBHOOK_HTTP_TIMEOUT, WEBHOOK_MAX_RETRY, WEBHOOK_QUEUE_DIR, WEBHOOK_QUEUE_LIMIT, WEBHOOK_RETRY_INTERVAL,
-    WEBHOOK_SKIP_TLS_VERIFY,
+    COMMENT_KEY, DEFAULT_LIMIT, ENABLE_KEY, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, EnableState, MQTT_BROKER, MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, MQTT_PASSWORD,
+    MQTT_QOS, MQTT_QUEUE_DIR, MQTT_QUEUE_LIMIT, MQTT_RECONNECT_INTERVAL, MQTT_TLS_CA, MQTT_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, MQTT_TLS_CLIENT_KEY,
+    MQTT_TLS_POLICY, MQTT_TLS_TRUST_LEAF_AS_CA, MQTT_TOPIC, MQTT_USERNAME, MQTT_WS_PATH_ALLOWLIST, WEBHOOK_AUTH_TOKEN,
+    WEBHOOK_BATCH_SIZE, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CA, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CERT, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_KEY, WEBHOOK_ENDPOINT, WEBHOOK_HTTP_TIMEOUT,
+    WEBHOOK_MAX_RETRY, WEBHOOK_QUEUE_DIR, WEBHOOK_QUEUE_LIMIT, WEBHOOK_RETRY_INTERVAL, WEBHOOK_SKIP_TLS_VERIFY,
 };
 use std::sync::LazyLock;

 #[allow(clippy::declare_interior_mutable_const)]
 /// Default KVS for audit webhook settings.
+///
+/// `WEBHOOK_BATCH_SIZE`/`WEBHOOK_MAX_RETRY`/`WEBHOOK_RETRY_INTERVAL`/`WEBHOOK_HTTP_TIMEOUT`
+/// exist here but not in [`crate::config::notify::DEFAULT_NOTIFY_WEBHOOK_KVS`]. This mirrors
+/// MinIO upstream: `internal/logger/config.go`'s `DefaultAuditWebhookKVS` carries the same
+/// four keys with the same defaults (`"1"`/`"0"`/`"3s"`/`"5s"`), while
+/// `internal/config/notify/parse.go`'s `DefaultWebhookKVS` (bucket event notifications) does
+/// not — the notify webhook delivery path never supported them. Not a copy/paste gap
+/// (backlog#2054).
 pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_WEBHOOK_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    KVS(vec![
        KV {
@@ -56,7 +49,7 @@ pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_WEBHOOK_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
        KV {
            key: WEBHOOK_AUTH_TOKEN.to_owned(),
            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
+            hidden_if_empty: true, // Sensitive field; matches notify's webhook auth_token (backlog#2054)
        },
        KV {
            key: WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
@@ -118,6 +111,15 @@ pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_WEBHOOK_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {

 #[allow(clippy::declare_interior_mutable_const)]
 /// Default KVS for audit MQTT settings.
+///
+/// `MQTT_QOS`/`MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL`/`MQTT_RECONNECT_INTERVAL` default to a stronger
+/// delivery posture here (`"1"`/`"60s"`/`"5s"`) than
+/// [`crate::config::notify::DEFAULT_NOTIFY_MQTT_KVS`] (`"0"`/`"0s"`/`"0s"`, which matches
+/// MinIO's own `DefaultMQTTKVS` in `internal/config/notify/parse.go` byte-for-byte). MinIO has
+/// no MQTT audit target to compare against — audit-over-MQTT is a RustFS-original addition —
+/// so this divergence cannot be checked against upstream; it is intentional (audit favors
+/// at-least-once delivery and faster reconnect over notify's opt-in defaults), not a
+/// copy/paste gap (backlog#2054).
 pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_MQTT_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    KVS(vec![
        KV {
@@ -208,542 +210,18 @@ pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_MQTT_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    ])
 });

-pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_AMQP_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_URL.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_EXCHANGE.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_ROUTING_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_MANDATORY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_PERSISTENT.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::On.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+// The remaining targets declare the same defaults as notify, so both sides build them from
+// `target_defaults`. Redis and mysql pass in the single default that audit and notify disagree on.
+pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_AMQP_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(amqp_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_NATS_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_ADDRESS.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_SUBJECT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TOKEN.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_CREDENTIALS_FILE.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TLS_REQUIRED.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_JETSTREAM_ENABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_JETSTREAM_STREAM_NAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_SECS.to_owned(),
-            value: NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT_SECS.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_NATS_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(nats_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_PULSAR_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_BROKER.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_TOPIC.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_AUTH_TOKEN.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_TLS_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::On.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_PULSAR_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(pulsar_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_REDIS_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_URL.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_CHANNEL.to_owned(),
-            value: AUDIT_REDIS_DEFAULT_CHANNEL.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL.to_owned(),
-            value: "15".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_MAX_RETRY_ATTEMPTS.to_owned(),
-            value: "3".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_RECONNECT_RETRY_ATTEMPTS.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_MIN_RETRY_DELAY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_MAX_RETRY_DELAY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_PIPELINE_BUFFER_SIZE.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_POLICY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_REDIS_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| redis_kvs(AUDIT_REDIS_DEFAULT_CHANNEL));

-pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_POSTGRES_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_DSN_STRING.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_FORMAT.to_owned(),
-            value: "namespace".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TLS_REQUIRED.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_POSTGRES_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(postgres_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_KAFKA_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_BROKERS.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TOPIC.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_ACKS.to_owned(),
-            value: "1".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TLS_ENABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_SASL_ENABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_SASL_MECHANISM.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_SASL_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_SASL_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_KAFKA_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(kafka_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_MYSQL_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_DSN_STRING.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_TABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: "rustfs_audit_logs".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_FORMAT.to_owned(),
-            value: "access".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_MAX_OPEN_CONNECTIONS.to_owned(),
-            value: "2".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_AUDIT_MYSQL_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| mysql_kvs("rustfs_audit_logs"));
@@ -800,11 +800,22 @@ where
            if log_error {
                error!("save_config_with_opts: err: {:?}, file: {}", err, file);
            }
-            Err(err)
+            Err(map_system_metadata_write_error(err, file))
        }
    }
 }

+/// A system metadata volume outage must remain retryable instead of being
+/// exposed as the user-facing bucket-not-found response.
+pub(crate) fn map_system_metadata_write_error(err: Error, file: &str) -> Error {
+    match err {
+        Error::BucketNotFound(_) | Error::VolumeNotFound => {
+            Error::InsufficientWriteQuorum(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET.to_string(), file.to_string())
+        }
+        other => other,
+    }
+}
+
 fn new_server_config() -> Config {
    Config::new()
 }
@@ -2361,6 +2372,7 @@ where
        scan_mode: HealScanMode::Deep,
        update_parity: false,
        no_lock: false,
+        read_repair: false,
        pool: None,
        set: None,
    };
@@ -2795,14 +2807,14 @@ mod tests {
    use super::{
        SERVER_CONFIG_LOCK, ServerConfigSnapshot, apply_dynamic_config_for_sub_sys_with, build_scalar_config_object,
        config_task_join_error, configs_semantically_equal, decode_server_config_blob, encode_server_config_blob,
-        heal_config_descriptor, is_standard_object_server_config, lookup_configs, new_and_save_server_config, read_config,
-        read_config_no_lock_preserve_empty_with_metadata, read_config_preserve_empty, read_config_with_metadata,
-        read_config_without_migrate, read_server_config_snapshot, save_server_config, save_server_config_snapshot,
-        save_server_config_snapshot_with_generation, server_config_transaction_lock_path, should_warn_ignored_scalar_section,
-        storage_class_kvs_mut,
+        heal_config_descriptor, is_standard_object_server_config, lookup_configs, map_system_metadata_write_error,
+        new_and_save_server_config, read_config, read_config_no_lock_preserve_empty_with_metadata, read_config_preserve_empty,
+        read_config_with_metadata, read_config_without_migrate, read_server_config_snapshot, save_config_with_opts_inner,
+        save_server_config, save_server_config_snapshot, save_server_config_snapshot_with_generation,
+        server_config_transaction_lock_path, should_warn_ignored_scalar_section, storage_class_kvs_mut,
    };
    use crate::config::{audit, heal, notify, oidc, scanner};
-    use crate::disk::endpoint::Endpoint;
+    use crate::disk::{RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, endpoint::Endpoint};
    use crate::error::{Error, Result};
    use crate::layout::endpoints::SetupType;
    use crate::object_api::{GetObjectReader, ObjectInfo, ObjectOptions, PutObjReader};
@@ -2834,6 +2846,72 @@ mod tests {
        assert!(rendered.contains("panicked"));
        assert!(!rendered.contains("do-not-expose-payload"));
    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn system_metadata_volume_failures_map_to_retryable_write_errors() {
+        for error in [Error::VolumeNotFound, Error::BucketNotFound(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET.to_string())] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                map_system_metadata_write_error(error, "buckets/example/.metadata.bin"),
+                Error::InsufficientWriteQuorum(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET.to_string(), "buckets/example/.metadata.bin".to_string())
+            );
+        }
+
+        let other = Error::other("metadata encoding failed");
+        assert_eq!(map_system_metadata_write_error(other.clone(), "buckets/example/.metadata.bin"), other);
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Default)]
+    struct MetadataWriteStore {
+        error: Option<Error>,
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    impl crate::storage_api_contracts::object::ObjectIO for MetadataWriteStore {
+        type Error = Error;
+        type RangeSpec = HTTPRangeSpec;
+        type HeaderMap = HeaderMap;
+        type ObjectOptions = ObjectOptions;
+        type ObjectInfo = ObjectInfo;
+        type GetObjectReader = GetObjectReader;
+        type PutObjectReader = PutObjReader;
+
+        async fn get_object_reader(
+            &self,
+            _bucket: &str,
+            _object: &str,
+            _range: Option<Self::RangeSpec>,
+            _headers: Self::HeaderMap,
+            _opts: &Self::ObjectOptions,
+        ) -> core::result::Result<Self::GetObjectReader, Self::Error> {
+            Err(Error::FileNotFound)
+        }
+
+        async fn put_object(
+            &self,
+            _bucket: &str,
+            _object: &str,
+            _data: &mut Self::PutObjectReader,
+            _opts: &Self::ObjectOptions,
+        ) -> core::result::Result<Self::ObjectInfo, Self::Error> {
+            Err(self.error.clone().expect("test store error should be configured"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn save_config_preserves_retryable_system_volume_errors() {
+        let store = Arc::new(MetadataWriteStore {
+            error: Some(Error::BucketNotFound(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET.to_string())),
+        });
+        let error =
+            save_config_with_opts_inner(store, "buckets/example/.metadata.bin", Vec::new(), &ObjectOptions::default(), false)
+                .await
+                .expect_err("missing metadata volume must fail");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            error,
+            Error::InsufficientWriteQuorum(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET.to_string(), "buckets/example/.metadata.bin".to_string())
+        );
+    }
    use rustfs_lock::client::LockClient;
    use rustfs_lock::client::local::LocalClient;
    use rustfs_lock::{LockError, LockInfo, LockResponse, LockStats};
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ mod notify;
 mod oidc;
 mod scanner;
 pub mod storageclass;
+mod target_defaults;

 use crate::error::Result;
 use crate::store::ECStore;
@@ -12,34 +12,26 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

+use super::target_defaults::{amqp_kvs, kafka_kvs, mysql_kvs, nats_kvs, postgres_kvs, pulsar_kvs, redis_kvs};
 use rustfs_config::notify::NOTIFY_REDIS_DEFAULT_CHANNEL;
 use rustfs_config::server_config::{KV, KVS};
 use rustfs_config::{
-    AMQP_EXCHANGE, AMQP_MANDATORY, AMQP_PASSWORD, AMQP_PERSISTENT, AMQP_QUEUE_DIR, AMQP_QUEUE_LIMIT, AMQP_ROUTING_KEY,
-    AMQP_TLS_CA, AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, AMQP_URL, AMQP_USERNAME, COMMENT_KEY, DEFAULT_LIMIT, ENABLE_KEY,
-    EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, EnableState, KAFKA_ACKS, KAFKA_BROKERS, KAFKA_QUEUE_DIR, KAFKA_QUEUE_LIMIT, KAFKA_SASL_ENABLE,
-    KAFKA_SASL_MECHANISM, KAFKA_SASL_PASSWORD, KAFKA_SASL_USERNAME, KAFKA_TLS_CA, KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_KEY,
-    KAFKA_TLS_ENABLE, KAFKA_TOPIC, MQTT_BROKER, MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, MQTT_PASSWORD, MQTT_QOS, MQTT_QUEUE_DIR,
-    MQTT_QUEUE_LIMIT, MQTT_RECONNECT_INTERVAL, MQTT_TLS_CA, MQTT_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, MQTT_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, MQTT_TLS_POLICY,
-    MQTT_TLS_TRUST_LEAF_AS_CA, MQTT_TOPIC, MQTT_USERNAME, MQTT_WS_PATH_ALLOWLIST, MYSQL_DSN_STRING, MYSQL_FORMAT,
-    MYSQL_MAX_OPEN_CONNECTIONS, MYSQL_QUEUE_DIR, MYSQL_QUEUE_LIMIT, MYSQL_TABLE, MYSQL_TLS_CA, MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_CERT,
-    MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, NATS_ADDRESS, NATS_CREDENTIALS_FILE, NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT_SECS,
-    NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_SECS, NATS_JETSTREAM_ENABLE, NATS_JETSTREAM_STREAM_NAME, NATS_PASSWORD, NATS_QUEUE_DIR,
-    NATS_QUEUE_LIMIT, NATS_SUBJECT, NATS_TLS_CA, NATS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, NATS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, NATS_TLS_REQUIRED, NATS_TOKEN,
-    NATS_USERNAME, POSTGRES_DSN_STRING, POSTGRES_FORMAT, POSTGRES_QUEUE_DIR, POSTGRES_QUEUE_LIMIT, POSTGRES_TABLE,
-    POSTGRES_TLS_CA, POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, POSTGRES_TLS_REQUIRED, PULSAR_AUTH_TOKEN, PULSAR_BROKER,
-    PULSAR_PASSWORD, PULSAR_QUEUE_DIR, PULSAR_QUEUE_LIMIT, PULSAR_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE, PULSAR_TLS_CA,
-    PULSAR_TLS_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION, PULSAR_TOPIC, PULSAR_USERNAME, REDIS_CHANNEL, REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT,
-    REDIS_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, REDIS_MAX_RETRY_ATTEMPTS, REDIS_MAX_RETRY_DELAY, REDIS_MIN_RETRY_DELAY, REDIS_PASSWORD,
-    REDIS_PIPELINE_BUFFER_SIZE, REDIS_QUEUE_DIR, REDIS_QUEUE_LIMIT, REDIS_RECONNECT_RETRY_ATTEMPTS, REDIS_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT,
-    REDIS_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE, REDIS_TLS_CA, REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, REDIS_TLS_POLICY, REDIS_URL,
-    REDIS_USERNAME, WEBHOOK_AUTH_TOKEN, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CA, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CERT, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_KEY, WEBHOOK_ENDPOINT,
-    WEBHOOK_QUEUE_DIR, WEBHOOK_QUEUE_LIMIT, WEBHOOK_SKIP_TLS_VERIFY,
+    COMMENT_KEY, DEFAULT_LIMIT, ENABLE_KEY, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, EnableState, MQTT_BROKER, MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, MQTT_PASSWORD,
+    MQTT_QOS, MQTT_QUEUE_DIR, MQTT_QUEUE_LIMIT, MQTT_RECONNECT_INTERVAL, MQTT_TLS_CA, MQTT_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, MQTT_TLS_CLIENT_KEY,
+    MQTT_TLS_POLICY, MQTT_TLS_TRUST_LEAF_AS_CA, MQTT_TOPIC, MQTT_USERNAME, MQTT_WS_PATH_ALLOWLIST, WEBHOOK_AUTH_TOKEN,
+    WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CA, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_CERT, WEBHOOK_CLIENT_KEY, WEBHOOK_ENDPOINT, WEBHOOK_QUEUE_DIR, WEBHOOK_QUEUE_LIMIT,
+    WEBHOOK_SKIP_TLS_VERIFY,
 };
 use std::sync::LazyLock;

 /// The default configuration collection of webhooks，
 /// Initialized only once during the program life cycle, enabling high-performance lazy loading.
+///
+/// This table has no `batch_size`/`max_retry`/`retry_interval`/`http_timeout` keys, unlike
+/// [`crate::config::audit::DEFAULT_AUDIT_WEBHOOK_KVS`] — matching MinIO upstream, whose
+/// `internal/config/notify/parse.go` `DefaultWebhookKVS` (bucket event notifications) also
+/// omits them while `internal/logger/config.go`'s `DefaultAuditWebhookKVS` carries them.
+/// Intentional, not a copy/paste gap (backlog#2054).
 pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_WEBHOOK_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    KVS(vec![
        KV {
@@ -97,6 +89,12 @@ pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_WEBHOOK_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 });

 /// MQTT's default configuration collection
+///
+/// `MQTT_QOS`/`MQTT_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL`/`MQTT_RECONNECT_INTERVAL` default to `"0"`/`"0s"`/`"0s"`
+/// here, matching MinIO's `DefaultMQTTKVS` in `internal/config/notify/parse.go`
+/// byte-for-byte — this table is a faithful port. [`crate::config::audit::DEFAULT_AUDIT_MQTT_KVS`]
+/// uses stronger, RustFS-original defaults instead (MinIO has no MQTT audit target to compare
+/// against); that divergence is intentional, not a copy/paste gap (backlog#2054).
 pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_MQTT_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    KVS(vec![
        KV {
@@ -188,543 +186,17 @@ pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_MQTT_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
    ])
 });

-pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_AMQP_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_URL.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_EXCHANGE.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_ROUTING_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_MANDATORY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_PERSISTENT.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::On.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: AMQP_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_AMQP_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(amqp_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_NATS_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_ADDRESS.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_SUBJECT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TOKEN.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_CREDENTIALS_FILE.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_TLS_REQUIRED.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_JETSTREAM_ENABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_JETSTREAM_STREAM_NAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_SECS.to_owned(),
-            value: NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT_SECS.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_NATS_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(nats_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_PULSAR_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_BROKER.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_TOPIC.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_AUTH_TOKEN.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_TLS_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::On.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: PULSAR_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_PULSAR_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(pulsar_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_REDIS_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_URL.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_CHANNEL.to_owned(),
-            value: NOTIFY_REDIS_DEFAULT_CHANNEL.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL.to_owned(),
-            value: "15".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_MAX_RETRY_ATTEMPTS.to_owned(),
-            value: "3".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_RECONNECT_RETRY_ATTEMPTS.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_MIN_RETRY_DELAY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_MAX_RETRY_DELAY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_PIPELINE_BUFFER_SIZE.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_POLICY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: REDIS_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_REDIS_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| redis_kvs(NOTIFY_REDIS_DEFAULT_CHANNEL));

-pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_POSTGRES_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_DSN_STRING.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_FORMAT.to_owned(),
-            value: "namespace".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TLS_REQUIRED.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: POSTGRES_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_POSTGRES_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(postgres_kvs);

-pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_KAFKA_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_BROKERS.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TOPIC.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_ACKS.to_owned(),
-            value: "1".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TLS_ENABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_SASL_ENABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_SASL_MECHANISM.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_SASL_USERNAME.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_SASL_PASSWORD.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: KAFKA_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_KAFKA_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(kafka_kvs);

 /// MySQL notification target default configuration
-pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_MYSQL_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    KVS(vec![
-        KV {
-            key: ENABLE_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: EnableState::Off.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_DSN_STRING.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_TABLE.to_owned(),
-            value: "rustfs_events".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_FORMAT.to_owned(),
-            value: "access".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_TLS_CA.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_CERT.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: true,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_QUEUE_DIR.to_owned(),
-            value: EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR.to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_QUEUE_LIMIT.to_owned(),
-            value: DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: MYSQL_MAX_OPEN_CONNECTIONS.to_owned(),
-            value: "2".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-        KV {
-            key: COMMENT_KEY.to_owned(),
-            value: "".to_owned(),
-            hidden_if_empty: false,
-        },
-    ])
-});
+pub static DEFAULT_NOTIFY_MYSQL_KVS: LazyLock<KVS> = LazyLock::new(|| mysql_kvs("rustfs_events"));
@@ -246,16 +246,7 @@ impl Config {
        }

        let shard_size = shard_size as usize;
-        // Keep the historical two-data-shard object budget while preventing
-        // wider EC layouts from multiplying the maximum inline object size.
-        // Use div_ceil to match the shard_file_size calculation (which also uses
-        // div_ceil), avoiding a 1-byte rounding discrepancy that prevents inline
-        // for objects right at the threshold.
-        let inline_block = if self.initialized && self.inline_block_explicit {
-            self.inline_block
-        } else {
-            DEFAULT_INLINE_OBJECT_BUDGET.div_ceil(data_shards).min(DEFAULT_INLINE_BLOCK)
-        };
+        let inline_block = self.effective_inline_block(data_shards);

        if versioned {
            shard_size <= inline_block / 8
@@ -264,6 +255,27 @@ impl Config {
        }
    }

+    /// Returns the per-shard inline budget used by both write admission and
+    /// legacy read fallback.
+    ///
+    /// The default budget is scaled by the number of data shards so a wider EC
+    /// layout does not silently increase the maximum inline object size. An
+    /// explicitly configured `inline_block` remains a fixed per-shard limit for
+    /// compatibility with deployments that opted into the historical policy.
+    pub(crate) fn effective_inline_block(&self, data_shards: usize) -> usize {
+        if data_shards == 0 {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        if self.initialized && self.inline_block_explicit {
+            self.inline_block
+        } else {
+            // Keep the historical two-data-shard object budget while preventing
+            // wider EC layouts from multiplying the maximum inline object size.
+            DEFAULT_INLINE_OBJECT_BUDGET.div_ceil(data_shards).min(DEFAULT_INLINE_BLOCK)
+        }
+    }
+
    pub fn inline_block(&self) -> usize {
        if !self.initialized {
            DEFAULT_INLINE_BLOCK
@@ -602,6 +614,51 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn should_inline_keeps_ec8_and_ec12_object_boundaries_consistent() {
+        let config = Config::default();
+        let object_sizes = [128 * 1024, 256 * 1024, 512 * 1024, 1024 * 1024, 4 * 1024 * 1024];
+
+        for (data_shards, parity_shards) in [(8, 4), (12, 4)] {
+            let erasure = crate::erasure::coding::Erasure::new(data_shards, parity_shards, 1024 * 1024);
+            let mut previous = true;
+            for object_size in object_sizes {
+                let shard_size = erasure.shard_file_size(object_size);
+                let inline = config.should_inline(shard_size, data_shards, false);
+
+                // The effective policy is monotonic across object sizes. This
+                // table covers the boundaries that previously exposed the
+                // fixed-shard read-ahead mismatch, including the 1 MiB case.
+                assert!(!inline || previous, "inline decision must not re-enable at {object_size} bytes");
+                previous = inline;
+            }
+
+            assert!(
+                !config.should_inline(erasure.shard_file_size(1024 * 1024), data_shards, false),
+                "1 MiB must use the non-inline path for EC{data_shards}+{parity_shards}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn effective_inline_block_scales_default_budget_and_preserves_explicit_limit() {
+        let config = Config::default();
+        assert_eq!(config.effective_inline_block(8), 32 * 1024);
+        assert_eq!(config.effective_inline_block(12), 21_846);
+        assert_eq!(config.effective_inline_block(0), 0);
+
+        let explicit = lookup_config_for_pools_with_env(
+            &KVS::new(),
+            &[12],
+            StorageClassEnvOverrides {
+                inline_block: Some("128KiB".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        )
+        .expect("explicit inline block should resolve");
+        assert_eq!(explicit.effective_inline_block(12), 128 * 1024);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn explicit_inline_block_preserves_fixed_per_shard_rollback() {
        let overrides = StorageClassEnvOverrides {
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+// Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Shared default KVS tables for delivery targets that audit and notify declare identically.
+//!
+//! The audit and notify subsystems register one default KVS per delivery target. For amqp, nats,
+//! pulsar, postgres and kafka both sides declare byte-identical tables; for redis and mysql they
+//! differ only in a single default literal, which the caller passes in.
+//!
+//! Webhook and mqtt are deliberately absent: audit's webhook table carries extra batching/retry
+//! keys and both tables disagree on key order and on several defaults (mqtt qos, keep-alive and
+//! reconnect intervals), so they are real behavioral forks, not duplication.
+//!
+//! Key order is part of the contract: it drives the order admin config output lists the keys in,
+//! so every constructor reproduces the existing order exactly.
+
+use rustfs_config::server_config::{KV, KVS};
+use rustfs_config::{
+    AMQP_EXCHANGE, AMQP_MANDATORY, AMQP_PASSWORD, AMQP_PERSISTENT, AMQP_QUEUE_DIR, AMQP_QUEUE_LIMIT, AMQP_ROUTING_KEY,
+    AMQP_TLS_CA, AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, AMQP_URL, AMQP_USERNAME, COMMENT_KEY, DEFAULT_LIMIT, ENABLE_KEY,
+    EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, EnableState, KAFKA_ACKS, KAFKA_BROKERS, KAFKA_QUEUE_DIR, KAFKA_QUEUE_LIMIT, KAFKA_SASL_ENABLE,
+    KAFKA_SASL_MECHANISM, KAFKA_SASL_PASSWORD, KAFKA_SASL_USERNAME, KAFKA_TLS_CA, KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_KEY,
+    KAFKA_TLS_ENABLE, KAFKA_TOPIC, MYSQL_DSN_STRING, MYSQL_FORMAT, MYSQL_MAX_OPEN_CONNECTIONS, MYSQL_QUEUE_DIR,
+    MYSQL_QUEUE_LIMIT, MYSQL_TABLE, MYSQL_TLS_CA, MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, NATS_ADDRESS,
+    NATS_CREDENTIALS_FILE, NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT_SECS, NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_SECS, NATS_JETSTREAM_ENABLE,
+    NATS_JETSTREAM_STREAM_NAME, NATS_PASSWORD, NATS_QUEUE_DIR, NATS_QUEUE_LIMIT, NATS_SUBJECT, NATS_TLS_CA, NATS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT,
+    NATS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, NATS_TLS_REQUIRED, NATS_TOKEN, NATS_USERNAME, POSTGRES_DSN_STRING, POSTGRES_FORMAT, POSTGRES_QUEUE_DIR,
+    POSTGRES_QUEUE_LIMIT, POSTGRES_TABLE, POSTGRES_TLS_CA, POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_KEY,
+    POSTGRES_TLS_REQUIRED, PULSAR_AUTH_TOKEN, PULSAR_BROKER, PULSAR_PASSWORD, PULSAR_QUEUE_DIR, PULSAR_QUEUE_LIMIT,
+    PULSAR_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE, PULSAR_TLS_CA, PULSAR_TLS_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION, PULSAR_TOPIC, PULSAR_USERNAME, REDIS_CHANNEL,
+    REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, REDIS_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, REDIS_MAX_RETRY_ATTEMPTS, REDIS_MAX_RETRY_DELAY, REDIS_MIN_RETRY_DELAY,
+    REDIS_PASSWORD, REDIS_PIPELINE_BUFFER_SIZE, REDIS_QUEUE_DIR, REDIS_QUEUE_LIMIT, REDIS_RECONNECT_RETRY_ATTEMPTS,
+    REDIS_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT, REDIS_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE, REDIS_TLS_CA, REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY,
+    REDIS_TLS_POLICY, REDIS_URL, REDIS_USERNAME,
+};
+
+/// Builds one default entry. `hidden_if_empty` marks values the admin API elides when unset.
+fn kv(key: &str, value: impl Into<String>, hidden_if_empty: bool) -> KV {
+    KV {
+        key: key.to_owned(),
+        value: value.into(),
+        hidden_if_empty,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Default KVS for the amqp delivery target.
+// Unused until the audit/notify tables are migrated onto these constructors.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn amqp_kvs() -> KVS {
+    KVS(vec![
+        kv(ENABLE_KEY, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(AMQP_URL, "", false),
+        kv(AMQP_EXCHANGE, "", false),
+        kv(AMQP_ROUTING_KEY, "", false),
+        kv(AMQP_MANDATORY, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(AMQP_PERSISTENT, EnableState::On.to_string(), false),
+        kv(AMQP_USERNAME, "", false),
+        kv(AMQP_PASSWORD, "", true),
+        kv(AMQP_TLS_CA, "", true),
+        kv(AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, "", true),
+        kv(AMQP_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, "", true),
+        kv(AMQP_QUEUE_DIR, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, false),
+        kv(AMQP_QUEUE_LIMIT, DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(), false),
+        kv(COMMENT_KEY, "", false),
+    ])
+}
+
+/// Default KVS for the nats delivery target.
+// Unused until the audit/notify tables are migrated onto these constructors.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn nats_kvs() -> KVS {
+    KVS(vec![
+        kv(ENABLE_KEY, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(NATS_ADDRESS, "", false),
+        kv(NATS_SUBJECT, "", false),
+        kv(NATS_USERNAME, "", false),
+        kv(NATS_PASSWORD, "", true),
+        kv(NATS_TOKEN, "", true),
+        kv(NATS_CREDENTIALS_FILE, "", true),
+        kv(NATS_TLS_CA, "", true),
+        kv(NATS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, "", true),
+        kv(NATS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, "", true),
+        kv(NATS_TLS_REQUIRED, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(NATS_QUEUE_DIR, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, false),
+        kv(NATS_QUEUE_LIMIT, DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(), false),
+        kv(NATS_JETSTREAM_ENABLE, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(NATS_JETSTREAM_STREAM_NAME, "", false),
+        kv(
+            NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_SECS,
+            NATS_JETSTREAM_ACK_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT_SECS.to_string(),
+            false,
+        ),
+        kv(COMMENT_KEY, "", false),
+    ])
+}
+
+/// Default KVS for the pulsar delivery target.
+// Unused until the audit/notify tables are migrated onto these constructors.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn pulsar_kvs() -> KVS {
+    KVS(vec![
+        kv(ENABLE_KEY, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(PULSAR_BROKER, "", false),
+        kv(PULSAR_TOPIC, "", false),
+        kv(PULSAR_AUTH_TOKEN, "", true),
+        kv(PULSAR_USERNAME, "", false),
+        kv(PULSAR_PASSWORD, "", true),
+        kv(PULSAR_TLS_CA, "", true),
+        kv(PULSAR_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(PULSAR_TLS_HOSTNAME_VERIFICATION, EnableState::On.to_string(), false),
+        kv(PULSAR_QUEUE_DIR, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, false),
+        kv(PULSAR_QUEUE_LIMIT, DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(), false),
+        kv(COMMENT_KEY, "", false),
+    ])
+}
+
+/// Default KVS for the postgres delivery target.
+// Unused until the audit/notify tables are migrated onto these constructors.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn postgres_kvs() -> KVS {
+    KVS(vec![
+        kv(ENABLE_KEY, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(POSTGRES_DSN_STRING, "", true),
+        kv(POSTGRES_TABLE, "", false),
+        kv(POSTGRES_FORMAT, "namespace", false),
+        kv(POSTGRES_TLS_REQUIRED, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(POSTGRES_TLS_CA, "", true),
+        kv(POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, "", true),
+        kv(POSTGRES_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, "", true),
+        kv(POSTGRES_QUEUE_DIR, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, false),
+        kv(POSTGRES_QUEUE_LIMIT, DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(), false),
+        kv(COMMENT_KEY, "", false),
+    ])
+}
+
+/// Default KVS for the kafka delivery target.
+// Unused until the audit/notify tables are migrated onto these constructors.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn kafka_kvs() -> KVS {
+    KVS(vec![
+        kv(ENABLE_KEY, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(KAFKA_BROKERS, "", false),
+        kv(KAFKA_TOPIC, "", false),
+        kv(KAFKA_ACKS, "1", false),
+        kv(KAFKA_TLS_ENABLE, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(KAFKA_TLS_CA, "", true),
+        kv(KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, "", true),
+        kv(KAFKA_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, "", true),
+        kv(KAFKA_SASL_ENABLE, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(KAFKA_SASL_MECHANISM, "", false),
+        kv(KAFKA_SASL_USERNAME, "", false),
+        kv(KAFKA_SASL_PASSWORD, "", true),
+        kv(KAFKA_QUEUE_DIR, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, false),
+        kv(KAFKA_QUEUE_LIMIT, DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(), false),
+        kv(COMMENT_KEY, "", false),
+    ])
+}
+
+/// Default KVS for the redis delivery target. `channel` is the subsystem's default pub/sub channel,
+/// which is the only value audit and notify disagree on.
+// Unused until the audit/notify tables are migrated onto these constructors.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn redis_kvs(channel: &str) -> KVS {
+    KVS(vec![
+        kv(ENABLE_KEY, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(REDIS_URL, "", false),
+        kv(REDIS_CHANNEL, channel, false),
+        kv(REDIS_USERNAME, "", false),
+        kv(REDIS_PASSWORD, "", true),
+        kv(REDIS_KEEP_ALIVE_INTERVAL, "15", false),
+        kv(REDIS_QUEUE_DIR, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, false),
+        kv(REDIS_QUEUE_LIMIT, DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(), false),
+        kv(REDIS_MAX_RETRY_ATTEMPTS, "3", false),
+        kv(REDIS_RECONNECT_RETRY_ATTEMPTS, "", false),
+        kv(REDIS_MIN_RETRY_DELAY, "", false),
+        kv(REDIS_MAX_RETRY_DELAY, "", false),
+        kv(REDIS_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, "", false),
+        kv(REDIS_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT, "", false),
+        kv(REDIS_PIPELINE_BUFFER_SIZE, "", false),
+        kv(REDIS_TLS_POLICY, "", true),
+        kv(REDIS_TLS_CA, "", true),
+        kv(REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, "", true),
+        kv(REDIS_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, "", true),
+        kv(REDIS_TLS_ALLOW_INSECURE, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(COMMENT_KEY, "", false),
+    ])
+}
+
+/// Default KVS for the mysql delivery target. `table` is the subsystem's default destination table,
+/// which is the only value audit and notify disagree on.
+// Unused until the audit/notify tables are migrated onto these constructors.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn mysql_kvs(table: &str) -> KVS {
+    KVS(vec![
+        kv(ENABLE_KEY, EnableState::Off.to_string(), false),
+        kv(MYSQL_DSN_STRING, "", true),
+        kv(MYSQL_TABLE, table, false),
+        kv(MYSQL_FORMAT, "access", false),
+        kv(MYSQL_TLS_CA, "", true),
+        kv(MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_CERT, "", true),
+        kv(MYSQL_TLS_CLIENT_KEY, "", true),
+        kv(MYSQL_QUEUE_DIR, EVENT_DEFAULT_DIR, false),
+        kv(MYSQL_QUEUE_LIMIT, DEFAULT_LIMIT.to_string(), false),
+        kv(MYSQL_MAX_OPEN_CONNECTIONS, "2", false),
+        kv(COMMENT_KEY, "", false),
+    ])
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Expected values are spelled out as literals on purpose: they mirror the tables currently
+    /// declared in `audit.rs` and `notify.rs`, so a drift in key order or in any default breaks
+    /// the test instead of silently changing admin config output.
+    fn assert_table(actual: &KVS, expected: &[(&str, &str, bool)]) {
+        let actual: Vec<(&str, &str, bool)> = actual
+            .0
+            .iter()
+            .map(|kv| (kv.key.as_str(), kv.value.as_str(), kv.hidden_if_empty))
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+    }
+
+    const QUEUE_DIR: &str = "/opt/rustfs/events";
+    const QUEUE_LIMIT: &str = "100000";
+
+    #[test]
+    fn amqp_table_matches_audit_and_notify() {
+        assert_table(
+            &amqp_kvs(),
+            &[
+                ("enable", "off", false),
+                ("url", "", false),
+                ("exchange", "", false),
+                ("routing_key", "", false),
+                ("mandatory", "off", false),
+                ("persistent", "on", false),
+                ("username", "", false),
+                ("password", "", true),
+                ("tls_ca", "", true),
+                ("tls_client_cert", "", true),
+                ("tls_client_key", "", true),
+                ("queue_dir", QUEUE_DIR, false),
+                ("queue_limit", QUEUE_LIMIT, false),
+                ("comment", "", false),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn nats_table_matches_audit_and_notify() {
+        assert_table(
+            &nats_kvs(),
+            &[
+                ("enable", "off", false),
+                ("address", "", false),
+                ("subject", "", false),
+                ("username", "", false),
+                ("password", "", true),
+                ("token", "", true),
+                ("credentials_file", "", true),
+                ("tls_ca", "", true),
+                ("tls_client_cert", "", true),
+                ("tls_client_key", "", true),
+                ("tls_required", "off", false),
+                ("queue_dir", QUEUE_DIR, false),
+                ("queue_limit", QUEUE_LIMIT, false),
+                ("jetstream_enable", "off", false),
+                ("jetstream_stream_name", "", false),
+                ("jetstream_ack_timeout_secs", "30", false),
+                ("comment", "", false),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pulsar_table_matches_audit_and_notify() {
+        assert_table(
+            &pulsar_kvs(),
+            &[
+                ("enable", "off", false),
+                ("broker", "", false),
+                ("topic", "", false),
+                ("auth_token", "", true),
+                ("username", "", false),
+                ("password", "", true),
+                ("tls_ca", "", true),
+                ("tls_allow_insecure", "off", false),
+                ("tls_hostname_verification", "on", false),
+                ("queue_dir", QUEUE_DIR, false),
+                ("queue_limit", QUEUE_LIMIT, false),
+                ("comment", "", false),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn postgres_table_matches_audit_and_notify() {
+        assert_table(
+            &postgres_kvs(),
+            &[
+                ("enable", "off", false),
+                ("dsn_string", "", true),
+                ("table", "", false),
+                ("format", "namespace", false),
+                ("tls_required", "off", false),
+                ("tls_ca", "", true),
+                ("tls_client_cert", "", true),
+                ("tls_client_key", "", true),
+                ("queue_dir", QUEUE_DIR, false),
+                ("queue_limit", QUEUE_LIMIT, false),
+                ("comment", "", false),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kafka_table_matches_audit_and_notify() {
+        assert_table(
+            &kafka_kvs(),
+            &[
+                ("enable", "off", false),
+                ("brokers", "", false),
+                ("topic", "", false),
+                ("acks", "1", false),
+                ("tls_enable", "off", false),
+                ("tls_ca", "", true),
+                ("tls_client_cert", "", true),
+                ("tls_client_key", "", true),
+                ("sasl_enable", "off", false),
+                ("sasl_mechanism", "", false),
+                ("sasl_username", "", false),
+                ("sasl_password", "", true),
+                ("queue_dir", QUEUE_DIR, false),
+                ("queue_limit", QUEUE_LIMIT, false),
+                ("comment", "", false),
+            ],
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn expected_redis(channel: &str) -> Vec<(&str, &str, bool)> {
+        vec![
+            ("enable", "off", false),
+            ("url", "", false),
+            ("channel", channel, false),
+            ("username", "", false),
+            ("password", "", true),
+            ("keep_alive_interval", "15", false),
+            ("queue_dir", QUEUE_DIR, false),
+            ("queue_limit", QUEUE_LIMIT, false),
+            ("max_retry_attempts", "3", false),
+            ("reconnect_retry_attempts", "", false),
+            ("min_retry_delay", "", false),
+            ("max_retry_delay", "", false),
+            ("connection_timeout", "", false),
+            ("response_timeout", "", false),
+            ("pipeline_buffer_size", "", false),
+            ("tls_policy", "", true),
+            ("tls_ca", "", true),
+            ("tls_client_cert", "", true),
+            ("tls_client_key", "", true),
+            ("tls_allow_insecure", "off", false),
+            ("comment", "", false),
+        ]
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn redis_table_matches_audit() {
+        assert_table(&redis_kvs("rustfs_audit_channel"), &expected_redis("rustfs_audit_channel"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn redis_table_matches_notify() {
+        assert_table(&redis_kvs("rustfs_notify_channel"), &expected_redis("rustfs_notify_channel"));
+    }
+
+    fn expected_mysql(table: &str) -> Vec<(&str, &str, bool)> {
+        vec![
+            ("enable", "off", false),
+            ("dsn_string", "", true),
+            ("table", table, false),
+            ("format", "access", false),
+            ("tls_ca", "", true),
+            ("tls_client_cert", "", true),
+            ("tls_client_key", "", true),
+            ("queue_dir", QUEUE_DIR, false),
+            ("queue_limit", QUEUE_LIMIT, false),
+            ("max_open_connections", "2", false),
+            ("comment", "", false),
+        ]
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mysql_table_matches_audit() {
+        assert_table(&mysql_kvs("rustfs_audit_logs"), &expected_mysql("rustfs_audit_logs"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn mysql_table_matches_notify() {
+        assert_table(&mysql_kvs("rustfs_events"), &expected_mysql("rustfs_events"));
+    }
+}
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+++ b/Show More