Merge branch 'main' into cxymds/fix-1937-heal-resume-gc

.config/e2e-full-selection.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-sha256-darwin=f832043fcca8c0b616c5d820a3a652da7544298ef5812a8668a3a9a3e4607b8b
-sha256-linux=93b94adb110b86a41d0b7313909e0bf53cb1515e2d08e8f105652b29b249990f
+sha256-darwin=9f767b37ed8b1c82da62ea441462d75487785c8086e56f08fb6f6cd89c6e2e52
+sha256-linux=fbdaf42b220958d4b1e8880e0f8b5a7992d38e21051bb60596dd4538424757d6

.github/workflows/nightly-gnu.yml

@@ -39,10 +39,11 @@ jobs:
     env:
       FORCE_JAVASCRIPT_ACTIONS_TO_NODE24: "true"
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - name: Checkout main branch
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
+          ref: main
 
       - name: Setup Rust environment
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup
@@ -88,10 +89,11 @@ jobs:
       # either casing.
       NO_PROXY: 127.0.0.1,localhost
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - name: Checkout main branch
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
+          ref: main
 
       - name: Setup Rust environment
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup
@@ -176,10 +178,11 @@ jobs:
       FORCE_JAVASCRIPT_ACTIONS_TO_NODE24: "true"
       NO_PROXY: 127.0.0.1,localhost
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
+      - name: Checkout main branch
         uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
+          ref: main
 
       - name: Setup Rust environment
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup

crates/e2e_test/src/group_delete_test.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 //! E2E tests for group management (fixes #2028).
 
-use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_ok, admin_request, init_logging};
+use crate::common::{RustFSTestEnvironment, admin_request, awscurl_delete, awscurl_get, awscurl_put, init_logging};
 use aws_sdk_s3::config::{Credentials, Region};
 use aws_sdk_s3::{Client, Config};
 use tracing::info;
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ async fn update_group_members_rejects_invalid_new_group_names() -> Result<(), Bo
 
 /// Test that deleting a group with members fails, and deleting an empty group succeeds.
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+#[ignore = "requires awscurl and spawns a real RustFS server"]
 async fn test_delete_group_requires_empty_membership() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
     init_logging();
 
@@ -90,58 +91,29 @@ async fn test_delete_group_requires_empty_membership() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std
     env.start_rustfs_server(vec![]).await?;
 
     // 1. Create a user
+    let add_user_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey=testuser1", env.url);
     let user_body = serde_json::json!({
         "secretKey": "testuser1secret",
         "status": "enabled"
     });
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        "/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey=testuser1",
-        Some(user_body.to_string()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    awscurl_put(&add_user_url, &user_body.to_string(), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Created testuser1");
 
     // 2. Create a group with testuser1 as a member
+    let update_members_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/update-group-members", env.url);
     let add_member_body = serde_json::json!({
         "group": "testgroup",
         "members": ["testuser1"],
         "isRemove": false,
         "groupStatus": "enabled"
     });
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        "/rustfs/admin/v3/update-group-members",
-        Some(add_member_body.to_string()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    awscurl_put(&update_members_url, &add_member_body.to_string(), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Added testuser1 to testgroup");
 
     // 3. Attempt to delete the group while it still has members — should fail
-    let (delete_status, delete_body) = admin_request(
-        &env.url,
-        http::Method::DELETE,
-        "/rustfs/admin/v3/group/testgroup",
-        None,
-        &env.access_key,
-        &env.secret_key,
-    )
-    .await?;
-    assert_eq!(
-        delete_status,
-        reqwest::StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
-        "deleting a non-empty group must return HTTP 400, body: {delete_body}"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        delete_body.contains("<Code>InvalidRequest</Code>"),
-        "deleting a non-empty group must return InvalidRequest, body: {delete_body}"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        delete_body.contains("<Message>group is not empty</Message>"),
-        "deleting a non-empty group returned an unexpected message: {delete_body}"
-    );
+    let delete_group_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/group/testgroup", env.url);
+    let delete_result = awscurl_delete(&delete_group_url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await;
+    assert!(delete_result.is_err(), "deleting a non-empty group should fail");
     info!("Delete of non-empty group correctly rejected");
 
     // 4. Remove the member from the group
@@ -151,42 +123,17 @@ async fn test_delete_group_requires_empty_membership() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std
         "isRemove": true,
         "groupStatus": "enabled"
     });
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        "/rustfs/admin/v3/update-group-members",
-        Some(remove_member_body.to_string()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    awscurl_put(&update_members_url, &remove_member_body.to_string(), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Removed testuser1 from testgroup");
 
     // 5. Delete the now-empty group — should succeed
-    admin_ok(&env, http::Method::DELETE, "/rustfs/admin/v3/group/testgroup", None).await?;
+    awscurl_delete(&delete_group_url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Deleted empty testgroup successfully");
 
     // 6. Verify the group no longer exists
-    let (get_status, get_body) = admin_request(
-        &env.url,
-        http::Method::GET,
-        "/rustfs/admin/v3/group?group=testgroup",
-        None,
-        &env.access_key,
-        &env.secret_key,
-    )
-    .await?;
-    assert_eq!(
-        get_status,
-        reqwest::StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
-        "a deleted group must return HTTP 404, body: {get_body}"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        get_body.contains("<Code>NoSuchResource</Code>"),
-        "a deleted group must return NoSuchResource, body: {get_body}"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        get_body.contains("<Message>group &apos;testgroup&apos; does not exist</Message>"),
-        "a deleted group returned an unexpected message: {get_body}"
-    );
+    let get_group_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/group?group=testgroup", env.url);
+    let get_result = awscurl_get(&get_group_url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await;
+    assert!(get_result.is_err(), "group should no longer exist after deletion");
     info!("Confirmed testgroup no longer exists");
 
     Ok(())
@@ -195,6 +142,7 @@ async fn test_delete_group_requires_empty_membership() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std
 /// Test that a user with only group membership (no explicit user policy) gets group policies
 /// and can perform actions allowed by the group (regression test for #2028.1).
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+#[ignore = "requires awscurl and spawns a real RustFS server"]
 async fn test_user_with_only_group_gets_group_policies() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
     init_logging();
 
@@ -212,56 +160,39 @@ async fn test_user_with_only_group_gets_group_policies() -> Result<(), Box<dyn s
         "Statement": [{
             "Effect": "Allow",
             "Action": ["s3:ListAllMyBuckets"],
-            "Resource": ["arn:aws:s3:::*"]
+            "Resource": ["*"]
         }]
     });
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        &format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/add-canned-policy?name={policy_name}"),
-        Some(policy_doc.to_string()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    let add_policy_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-canned-policy?name={}", env.url, policy_name);
+    awscurl_put(&add_policy_url, &policy_doc.to_string(), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Created canned policy {}", policy_name);
 
     // 2. Create user with no explicit policy
+    let add_user_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={}", env.url, user_name);
     let user_body = serde_json::json!({
         "secretKey": user_secret,
         "status": "enabled"
     });
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        &format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={user_name}"),
-        Some(user_body.to_string()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    awscurl_put(&add_user_url, &user_body.to_string(), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Created user {} with no explicit policy", user_name);
 
     // 3. Add user to group (creates group with this member; user_group_memberships must be updated)
+    let update_members_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/update-group-members", env.url);
     let add_member_body = serde_json::json!({
         "group": group_name,
         "members": [user_name],
         "isRemove": false,
         "groupStatus": "enabled"
     });
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        "/rustfs/admin/v3/update-group-members",
-        Some(add_member_body.to_string()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    awscurl_put(&update_members_url, &add_member_body.to_string(), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Added {} to group {}", user_name, group_name);
 
     // 4. Attach policy to group
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        &format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/set-user-or-group-policy?policyName={policy_name}&userOrGroup={group_name}&isGroup=true"),
-        Some(String::new()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    let set_policy_url = format!(
+        "{}/rustfs/admin/v3/set-user-or-group-policy?policyName={}&userOrGroup={}&isGroup=true",
+        env.url, policy_name, group_name
+    );
+    awscurl_put(&set_policy_url, "", &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Attached policy {} to group {}", policy_name, group_name);
 
     // 5. User with only group (no user policy) should be able to list buckets
@@ -278,6 +209,7 @@ async fn test_user_with_only_group_gets_group_policies() -> Result<(), Box<dyn s
 /// Test that after deleting a user who was the only member of a group, the group can be deleted
 /// (regression test for #2028.2: delete group uses backend membership, not stale cache).
 #[tokio::test(flavor = "multi_thread")]
+#[ignore = "requires awscurl and spawns a real RustFS server"]
 async fn test_delete_group_after_deleting_user() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> {
     init_logging();
 
@@ -289,47 +221,33 @@ async fn test_delete_group_after_deleting_user() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::erro
     let group_name = "soledeletegroup";
 
     // 1. Create user
+    let add_user_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={}", env.url, user_name);
     let user_body = serde_json::json!({
         "secretKey": user_secret,
         "status": "enabled"
     });
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        &format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/add-user?accessKey={user_name}"),
-        Some(user_body.to_string()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    awscurl_put(&add_user_url, &user_body.to_string(), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Created user {}", user_name);
 
     // 2. Add user to group
+    let update_members_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/update-group-members", env.url);
     let add_member_body = serde_json::json!({
         "group": group_name,
         "members": [user_name],
         "isRemove": false,
         "groupStatus": "enabled"
     });
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::PUT,
-        "/rustfs/admin/v3/update-group-members",
-        Some(add_member_body.to_string()),
-    )
-    .await?;
+    awscurl_put(&update_members_url, &add_member_body.to_string(), &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Added {} to group {}", user_name, group_name);
 
     // 3. Delete the user (backend and cache update so group membership becomes empty)
-    admin_ok(
-        &env,
-        http::Method::DELETE,
-        &format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/remove-user?accessKey={user_name}"),
-        None,
-    )
-    .await?;
+    let remove_user_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/remove-user?accessKey={}", env.url, user_name);
+    awscurl_delete(&remove_user_url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Deleted user {}", user_name);
 
     // 4. Deleting the group should succeed (backend has empty members; no stale cache)
-    admin_ok(&env, http::Method::DELETE, &format!("/rustfs/admin/v3/group/{group_name}"), None).await?;
+    let delete_group_url = format!("{}/rustfs/admin/v3/group/{}", env.url, group_name);
+    awscurl_delete(&delete_group_url, &env.access_key, &env.secret_key).await?;
     info!("Deleted group {} after user was removed", group_name);
 
     Ok(())

crates/ecstore/src/io_support/bitrot.rs

@@ -784,24 +784,6 @@ pub(crate) fn create_deferred_bitrot_reader_with_stripe_handle(
 ///
 /// # Returns
 /// A Result containing the BitrotWriterWrapper or an error
-/// Size hint handed to `DiskAPI::create_file` for a bitrot-wrapped shard.
-///
-/// A known length is grown by one checksum per shard so the on-disk file size
-/// matches what the bitrot writer emits. A negative length is the
-/// unknown-size sentinel (`HashReader::SIZE_PRESERVE_LAYER`, used by SSE and
-/// compression) and must be preserved: `RemoteDisk::create_file` forwards it
-/// in the `put_file_stream` query, and the receiver only treats `size > 0` as
-/// a fixed body length when locating the authenticated trailer. Clamping it
-/// to `0` would claim an empty body and misframe the stream. `0` stays `0`
-/// because a genuinely empty object still means an empty body.
-fn bitrot_create_file_size(length: i64, shard_size: usize, checksum_algo: &HashAlgorithm) -> i64 {
-    if length <= 0 {
-        return length;
-    }
-    let length = length as usize;
-    (length.div_ceil(shard_size) * checksum_algo.size() + length) as i64
-}
-
 pub async fn create_bitrot_writer(
     is_inline_buffer: bool,
     disk: Option<&DiskStore>,
@@ -814,7 +796,12 @@ pub async fn create_bitrot_writer(
     let writer = if is_inline_buffer {
         CustomWriter::new_inline_buffer()
     } else if let Some(disk) = disk {
-        let length = bitrot_create_file_size(length, shard_size, &checksum_algo);
+        let length = if length > 0 {
+            let length = length as usize;
+            (length.div_ceil(shard_size) * checksum_algo.size() + length) as i64
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
 
         let file = disk.create_file("", volume, path, length).await?;
         #[cfg(feature = "hotpath")]
@@ -833,25 +820,6 @@ mod tests {
     use rustfs_rio::ChunkReader;
     use std::collections::VecDeque;
 
-    #[test]
-    fn bitrot_create_file_size_grows_known_length_by_checksums() {
-        // 10 bytes over 4-byte shards = 3 shards, each followed by a 32-byte hash.
-        assert_eq!(bitrot_create_file_size(10, 4, &HashAlgorithm::HighwayHash256), 10 + 3 * 32);
-        assert_eq!(bitrot_create_file_size(10, 4, &HashAlgorithm::None), 10);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn bitrot_create_file_size_keeps_empty_and_unknown_distinct() {
-        assert_eq!(bitrot_create_file_size(0, 4, &HashAlgorithm::HighwayHash256), 0);
-        // SSE/compression streams advertise SIZE_PRESERVE_LAYER (-1); the remote
-        // put_file_stream receiver relies on a non-positive size to parse the auth
-        // trailer from the stream tail, so the sentinel must survive untouched.
-        assert_eq!(
-            bitrot_create_file_size(rustfs_rio::HashReader::SIZE_PRESERVE_LAYER, 4, &HashAlgorithm::HighwayHash256),
-            rustfs_rio::HashReader::SIZE_PRESERVE_LAYER
-        );
-    }
-
     struct TestChunkReader {
         chunks: VecDeque<Bytes>,
     }

crates/heal/src/heal/manager.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 use crate::heal::{
     progress::{HealProgress, HealStatistics},
-    resume::{ReplacementPhase, ResumeManager, ResumeState, ResumeUtils},
+    resume::{ReplacementPhase, ResumeGc, ResumeManager, ResumeState, ResumeUtils},
     storage::HealStorageAPI,
     task::{HealOptions, HealPriority, HealRequest, HealTask, HealTaskStatus, HealType, demote_to_debug_when},
 };
@@ -53,9 +53,11 @@ const EVENT_HEAL_MAINLINE_THROTTLE: &str = "heal_mainline_throttle";
 const EVENT_HEAL_SCHEDULER_STATE: &str = "heal_scheduler_state";
 const EVENT_HEAL_QUEUE_STATE: &str = "heal_queue_state";
 const EVENT_HEAL_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN: &str = "heal_unclean_shutdown";
+const EVENT_HEAL_RESUME_GC: &str = "heal_resume_gc";
 const LEGACY_ROOT_HEAL_PATH: &str = ".";
 const MAX_RECOVERABLE_HEAL_RETRIES: u32 = 3;
 const MAX_RECOVERABLE_HEAL_RETRY_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+const RESUME_GC_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60 * 60);
 
 // Admission/scheduler outcomes for per-object requests (Object/Metadata/
 // ECDecode) log via demote_to_debug_when! — MRF, autoheal, and scanner
@@ -1150,6 +1152,49 @@ impl HealManager {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Start the bounded resume-state inspector.  Destructive GC remains
+    /// disabled until the durable owner/CAS contract from backlog#1927 is
+    /// available; this task therefore cannot remove an active or stale file.
+    async fn start_resume_gc(&self) {
+        let cancel = self.cancel_token.clone();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let mut gc_by_disk = HashMap::<String, ResumeGc>::new();
+            let mut ticker = interval(RESUME_GC_INTERVAL);
+            loop {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    _ = cancel.cancelled() => break,
+                    _ = ticker.tick() => {
+                        let disks = {
+                            let local_disk_map = local_disk_map_read().await;
+                            local_disk_map.values().flatten().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                        };
+                        for disk in disks {
+                            let disk_key = disk.endpoint().to_string();
+                            let gc = gc_by_disk.entry(disk_key).or_default();
+                            tokio::select! {
+                                _ = cancel.cancelled() => return,
+                                result = gc.inspect_disk(&disk) => {
+                                    if let Err(error) = result {
+                                        warn!(
+                                            target: "rustfs::heal::manager",
+                                            event = EVENT_HEAL_RESUME_GC,
+                                            component = LOG_COMPONENT_HEAL,
+                                            subsystem = LOG_SUBSYSTEM_MANAGER,
+                                            state = "inspect_failed",
+                                            endpoint = %disk.endpoint(),
+                                            error = %error,
+                                            "Heal resume GC inspection failed"
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
     /// Create new HealManager
     pub fn new(storage: Arc<dyn HealStorageAPI>, config: Option<HealConfig>) -> Self {
         Self::new_with_workload_provider(storage, config, None)
@@ -1215,6 +1260,9 @@ impl HealManager {
         // competing task for the same set.
         self.process_unclean_shutdown().await;
 
+        // Inspect resume artifacts in a bounded, fail-closed background task.
+        self.start_resume_gc().await;
+
         // start auto disk scanner to heal unformatted disks
         if self.config.read().await.enable_auto_heal {
             self.start_auto_disk_scanner().await?;

crates/heal/src/heal/resume.rs

@@ -28,10 +28,12 @@ use super::{
 };
 
 mod checkpoint;
+mod gc;
 mod replacement;
 mod utils;
 
 pub use checkpoint::{CheckpointManager, ResumeCheckpoint};
+pub(crate) use gc::ResumeGc;
 pub(crate) use replacement::replacement_target_identities_match;
 use replacement::replacement_targets_match_identities;
 pub use replacement::{

crates/heal/src/heal/resume/gc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+// Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Bounded inspection of heal resume artifacts.
+//!
+//! The durable owner/CAS and quarantine primitives belong to backlog #1927 and
+//! are not part of the current base revision. This module is therefore
+//! deliberately inspect-only. In particular, it must never turn an age check
+//! into a delete: ordinary heal writers still publish raw files on this base,
+//! so a GC-side compare-and-delete would not fence a concurrent claim.
+
+use metrics::counter;
+use std::{
+    collections::BTreeMap,
+    path::{Component, Path},
+    time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH},
+};
+use tokio::io::AsyncReadExt;
+
+use super::super::{BUCKET_META_PREFIX, DiskError, DiskStore, RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, storage_api::owner::EcstoreDiskAPI};
+use super::{
+    LEGACY_REPLACEMENT_RECOVERY_MARKER_FILE, REPLACEMENT_COMPLETION_PROOF_FILE, REPLACEMENT_INTENT_FILE,
+    REPLACEMENT_INTENT_SEAL_FILE, RESUME_CHECKPOINT_FILE, RESUME_PROGRESS_FILE, RESUME_STATE_FILE, ResumeCheckpoint, ResumeState,
+    checkpoint::CURRENT_CHECKPOINT_SCHEMA,
+};
+use crate::{Error, Result};
+
+const DEFAULT_ENTRY_BUDGET: usize = 256;
+const DEFAULT_BYTE_BUDGET: usize = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+const GC_METRIC: &str = "rustfs_heal_resume_gc_inspected_total";
+const GC_ERROR_METRIC: &str = "rustfs_heal_resume_gc_inspect_errors_total";
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub(crate) struct ResumeGcConfig {
+    /// Maximum number of directory entries considered in one disk pass.
+    pub(crate) max_entries: usize,
+    /// Maximum number of bytes read in one disk pass.
+    pub(crate) max_bytes: usize,
+}
+
+impl Default for ResumeGcConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            max_entries: DEFAULT_ENTRY_BUDGET,
+            max_bytes: DEFAULT_BYTE_BUDGET,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct ResumeGcReport {
+    /// Directory entries visited (including malformed entries).
+    pub(crate) inspected: usize,
+    pub(crate) active_skipped: usize,
+    pub(crate) orphaned: usize,
+    /// Records that must be handed to #1927's quarantine owner.
+    pub(crate) quarantine_required: usize,
+    pub(crate) generation_skipped: usize,
+    pub(crate) clock_skew: usize,
+    pub(crate) read_errors: usize,
+    pub(crate) retained: usize,
+    /// True while #1927's durable claim/quarantine capability is unavailable.
+    pub(crate) destructive_disabled: bool,
+    pub(crate) budget_exhausted: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub(crate) struct ResumeGc {
+    config: ResumeGcConfig,
+    /// Alternate the first namespace so a full ordinary page cannot starve
+    /// replacement recovery when the list API has no continuation token.
+    recovery_first: bool,
+}
+
+impl ResumeGc {
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    fn with_config(config: ResumeGcConfig) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            config,
+            recovery_first: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Inspect one bounded page from each resume namespace.
+    ///
+    /// The caller owns scheduling and cancellation. A malformed or unreadable
+    /// artifact is reported and retained so a later pass can retry it; no
+    /// individual artifact error aborts the rest of the bounded page.
+    pub(crate) async fn inspect_disk(&mut self, disk: &DiskStore) -> Result<ResumeGcReport> {
+        let mut report = ResumeGcReport {
+            destructive_disabled: true,
+            ..ResumeGcReport::default()
+        };
+        if self.config.max_entries == 0 || self.config.max_bytes == 0 {
+            report.budget_exhausted = true;
+            return Ok(report);
+        }
+
+        let now = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap_or_default().as_secs();
+        let mut bytes_read = 0usize;
+        let recovery_first = self.recovery_first;
+        self.recovery_first = !self.recovery_first;
+        if recovery_first {
+            inspect_namespace(self.config, disk, &replacement_prefix(), true, now, &mut bytes_read, &mut report).await?;
+            if !report.budget_exhausted {
+                inspect_namespace(self.config, disk, BUCKET_META_PREFIX, false, now, &mut bytes_read, &mut report).await?;
+            }
+        } else {
+            inspect_namespace(self.config, disk, BUCKET_META_PREFIX, false, now, &mut bytes_read, &mut report).await?;
+            if !report.budget_exhausted {
+                inspect_namespace(self.config, disk, &replacement_prefix(), true, now, &mut bytes_read, &mut report).await?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        counter!(GC_METRIC).increment(u64::try_from(report.inspected).unwrap_or(u64::MAX));
+        counter!(GC_ERROR_METRIC).increment(u64::try_from(report.read_errors).unwrap_or(u64::MAX));
+        Ok(report)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy)]
+struct ArtifactSet {
+    state: bool,
+    checkpoint: bool,
+    progress: bool,
+    replacement_intent: bool,
+    proof: bool,
+    seal: bool,
+    legacy_marker: bool,
+    temporary: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum ArtifactKind {
+    State,
+    Checkpoint,
+    Progress,
+    ReplacementIntent,
+    Proof,
+    Seal,
+    LegacyMarker,
+}
+
+impl ArtifactSet {
+    fn add(&mut self, kind: ArtifactKind, temporary: bool) {
+        self.temporary |= temporary;
+        match kind {
+            ArtifactKind::State => self.state = true,
+            ArtifactKind::Checkpoint => self.checkpoint = true,
+            ArtifactKind::Progress => self.progress = true,
+            ArtifactKind::ReplacementIntent => self.replacement_intent = true,
+            ArtifactKind::Proof => self.proof = true,
+            ArtifactKind::Seal => self.seal = true,
+            ArtifactKind::LegacyMarker => self.legacy_marker = true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+struct InspectOptions {
+    max_bytes: usize,
+    now: u64,
+}
+
+struct InspectProgress<'a> {
+    bytes_read: &'a mut usize,
+    report: &'a mut ResumeGcReport,
+}
+
+fn replacement_prefix() -> String {
+    super::replacement_recovery_dir().to_string_lossy().into_owned()
+}
+
+async fn inspect_namespace(
+    config: ResumeGcConfig,
+    disk: &DiskStore,
+    prefix: &str,
+    replacement: bool,
+    now: u64,
+    bytes_read: &mut usize,
+    report: &mut ResumeGcReport,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let remaining = config.max_entries.saturating_sub(report.inspected);
+    if remaining == 0 {
+        report.budget_exhausted = true;
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    let count = i32::try_from(remaining).unwrap_or(i32::MAX);
+    let mut entries = match EcstoreDiskAPI::list_dir(disk.as_ref(), "", RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, prefix, count).await {
+        Ok(entries) => entries,
+        Err(DiskError::FileNotFound | DiskError::VolumeNotFound) => return Ok(()),
+        Err(error) => return Err(error.into()),
+    };
+    entries.sort_unstable();
+
+    let mut artifacts = BTreeMap::<String, ArtifactSet>::new();
+    for entry in entries {
+        if report.inspected >= config.max_entries {
+            report.budget_exhausted = true;
+            break;
+        }
+        report.inspected += 1;
+        let Some((task_id, kind, temporary)) = artifact_name(&entry, replacement) else {
+            report.quarantine_required += 1;
+            report.retained += 1;
+            continue;
+        };
+        artifacts.entry(task_id).or_default().add(kind, temporary);
+    }
+    if report.inspected >= config.max_entries {
+        report.budget_exhausted = true;
+    }
+
+    for (task_id, artifacts) in artifacts {
+        if *bytes_read >= config.max_bytes {
+            report.budget_exhausted = true;
+            break;
+        }
+        let options = InspectOptions {
+            max_bytes: config.max_bytes,
+            now,
+        };
+        let mut progress = InspectProgress { bytes_read, report };
+        inspect_task(options, disk, prefix, replacement, &task_id, artifacts, &mut progress).await?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn inspect_task(
+    options: InspectOptions,
+    disk: &DiskStore,
+    prefix: &str,
+    replacement: bool,
+    task_id: &str,
+    artifacts: ArtifactSet,
+    progress: &mut InspectProgress<'_>,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let legacy_replacement = !replacement && !artifacts.state && artifacts.replacement_intent;
+    let state_suffix = if replacement || legacy_replacement {
+        REPLACEMENT_INTENT_FILE
+    } else {
+        RESUME_STATE_FILE
+    };
+    let state_path = artifact_path(prefix, task_id, state_suffix)?;
+    let state = match read_bounded(disk, &state_path, options.max_bytes, progress.bytes_read).await {
+        ReadOutcome::Missing => {
+            progress.report.orphaned += 1;
+            progress.report.retained += 1;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        ReadOutcome::TooLarge => {
+            progress.report.quarantine_required += 1;
+            progress.report.retained += 1;
+            progress.report.budget_exhausted = true;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        ReadOutcome::Error => {
+            progress.report.read_errors += 1;
+            progress.report.retained += 1;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        ReadOutcome::Bytes(bytes) => bytes,
+    };
+
+    let parsed: ResumeState = match serde_json::from_slice(&state) {
+        Ok(state) => state,
+        Err(_) => {
+            progress.report.quarantine_required += 1;
+            progress.report.retained += 1;
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    };
+    if parsed.schema_version > super::CURRENT_RESUME_SCHEMA || parsed.task_id != task_id {
+        progress.report.quarantine_required += 1;
+        progress.report.retained += 1;
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    if persistent_age_seconds(options.now, parsed.last_update).is_none() {
+        progress.report.clock_skew += 1;
+        progress.report.retained += 1;
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    if let Some(generation) = parsed.replacement_generation.as_deref()
+        && !claim_generation_matches(Some(generation), Some(task_id))
+    {
+        progress.report.generation_skipped += 1;
+        progress.report.retained += 1;
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    if !replacement && artifacts.checkpoint {
+        let checkpoint_path = artifact_path(prefix, task_id, RESUME_CHECKPOINT_FILE)?;
+        match read_bounded(disk, &checkpoint_path, options.max_bytes, progress.bytes_read).await {
+            ReadOutcome::Bytes(bytes) => match serde_json::from_slice::<ResumeCheckpoint>(&bytes) {
+                Ok(checkpoint) if checkpoint.schema_version <= CURRENT_CHECKPOINT_SCHEMA && checkpoint.task_id == task_id => {}
+                _ => {
+                    progress.report.quarantine_required += 1;
+                    progress.report.retained += 1;
+                }
+            },
+            ReadOutcome::Missing => {
+                progress.report.orphaned += 1;
+                progress.report.retained += 1;
+            }
+            ReadOutcome::TooLarge => {
+                progress.report.quarantine_required += 1;
+                progress.report.retained += 1;
+                progress.report.budget_exhausted = true;
+            }
+            ReadOutcome::Error => {
+                progress.report.read_errors += 1;
+                progress.report.retained += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if artifacts.state && artifacts.replacement_intent {
+        // A task cannot have two authoritative state records in one namespace;
+        // preserve both until the durable owner can resolve the generation.
+        progress.report.quarantine_required += 1;
+    }
+
+    if !parsed.completed {
+        progress.report.active_skipped += 1;
+    }
+    // The state and all associated evidence remain recoverable until #1927
+    // supplies a common generation/CAS transition and quarantine owner.
+    progress.report.retained += 1;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+enum ReadOutcome {
+    Bytes(Vec<u8>),
+    Missing,
+    TooLarge,
+    Error,
+}
+
+async fn read_bounded(disk: &DiskStore, path: &str, max_bytes: usize, bytes_read: &mut usize) -> ReadOutcome {
+    let remaining = max_bytes.saturating_sub(*bytes_read);
+    if remaining == 0 {
+        return ReadOutcome::TooLarge;
+    }
+    let read_len = remaining.saturating_add(1);
+    let reader = match EcstoreDiskAPI::read_file(disk.as_ref(), RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, path).await {
+        Ok(reader) => reader,
+        Err(DiskError::FileNotFound | DiskError::VolumeNotFound) => return ReadOutcome::Missing,
+        Err(_) => return ReadOutcome::Error,
+    };
+    let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(read_len.min(64 * 1024));
+    let Ok(read_len) = u64::try_from(read_len) else {
+        return ReadOutcome::TooLarge;
+    };
+    if reader.take(read_len).read_to_end(&mut bytes).await.is_err() {
+        return ReadOutcome::Error;
+    }
+    if bytes.len() > remaining {
+        *bytes_read = max_bytes;
+        return ReadOutcome::TooLarge;
+    }
+    *bytes_read = bytes_read.saturating_add(bytes.len());
+    ReadOutcome::Bytes(bytes)
+}
+
+fn artifact_path(prefix: &str, task_id: &str, suffix: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    if super::validate_resume_task_id(task_id).is_err() {
+        return Err(Error::other("invalid resume task id"));
+    }
+    Path::new(prefix)
+        .join(format!("{task_id}_{suffix}"))
+        .to_str()
+        .map(str::to_owned)
+        .ok_or_else(|| Error::other("invalid resume artifact path"))
+}
+
+/// Parse one directory entry without ever accepting a path component supplied
+/// by a client. DiskAPI filters symlinks, but this check also protects remote
+/// implementations and future mutating callers from traversal/reparse names.
+fn artifact_name(entry: &str, replacement: bool) -> Option<(String, ArtifactKind, bool)> {
+    let path = Path::new(entry);
+    if entry.is_empty() || path.components().count() != 1 || !matches!(path.components().next(), Some(Component::Normal(_))) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let (stem, temporary) = entry
+        .strip_suffix(".tmp")
+        .map(|stem| (stem, true))
+        .or_else(|| entry.strip_suffix(".bak").map(|stem| (stem, true)))
+        .unwrap_or((entry, false));
+    let suffixes: &[(&str, ArtifactKind)] = if replacement {
+        &[
+            (REPLACEMENT_INTENT_FILE, ArtifactKind::ReplacementIntent),
+            (REPLACEMENT_COMPLETION_PROOF_FILE, ArtifactKind::Proof),
+            (REPLACEMENT_INTENT_SEAL_FILE, ArtifactKind::Seal),
+        ]
+    } else {
+        &[
+            (RESUME_STATE_FILE, ArtifactKind::State),
+            (RESUME_CHECKPOINT_FILE, ArtifactKind::Checkpoint),
+            (RESUME_PROGRESS_FILE, ArtifactKind::Progress),
+            (LEGACY_REPLACEMENT_RECOVERY_MARKER_FILE, ArtifactKind::LegacyMarker),
+            (REPLACEMENT_INTENT_FILE, ArtifactKind::ReplacementIntent),
+            (REPLACEMENT_COMPLETION_PROOF_FILE, ArtifactKind::Proof),
+            (REPLACEMENT_INTENT_SEAL_FILE, ArtifactKind::Seal),
+        ]
+    };
+    suffixes.iter().find_map(|(suffix, kind)| {
+        stem.strip_suffix(&format!("_{suffix}"))
+            .filter(|task_id| super::validate_resume_task_id(task_id).is_ok())
+            .map(|task_id| (task_id.to_string(), *kind, temporary))
+    })
+}
+
+fn persistent_age_seconds(now: u64, updated: u64) -> Option<u64> {
+    now.checked_sub(updated)
+}
+
+fn claim_generation_matches(observed: Option<&str>, expected: Option<&str>) -> bool {
+    expected.is_none() || observed == expected
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::heal::{DiskOption, Endpoint, new_disk};
+    use tempfile::TempDir;
+    use uuid::Uuid;
+
+    async fn test_disk() -> (TempDir, DiskStore) {
+        let temp = TempDir::new().expect("test disk directory");
+        let endpoint = Endpoint::try_from(temp.path().to_string_lossy().as_ref()).expect("test endpoint");
+        let disk = new_disk(
+            &endpoint,
+            &DiskOption {
+                cleanup: false,
+                health_check: false,
+            },
+        )
+        .await
+        .expect("test disk");
+        match disk.make_volume(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET).await {
+            Ok(()) | Err(DiskError::VolumeExists) => {}
+            Err(error) => panic!("metadata volume: {error}"),
+        }
+        match disk.make_volume(&format!("{RUSTFS_META_BUCKET}/{BUCKET_META_PREFIX}")).await {
+            Ok(()) | Err(DiskError::VolumeExists) => {}
+            Err(error) => panic!("resume volume: {error}"),
+        }
+        (temp, disk)
+    }
+
+    async fn write_state(disk: &DiskStore, state: &ResumeState) {
+        let path = format!("{BUCKET_META_PREFIX}/{}_{}", state.task_id, RESUME_STATE_FILE);
+        disk.write_all(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &path, serde_json::to_vec(state).unwrap().into())
+            .await
+            .expect("resume state");
+    }
+
+    async fn write_replacement_state(disk: &DiskStore, state: &ResumeState) {
+        let volume = format!("{RUSTFS_META_BUCKET}/{BUCKET_META_PREFIX}/ahm-replacement");
+        match disk.make_volume(&volume).await {
+            Ok(()) | Err(DiskError::VolumeExists) => {}
+            Err(error) => panic!("replacement volume: {error}"),
+        }
+        let path = format!("{}/{}_{}", replacement_prefix(), state.task_id, REPLACEMENT_INTENT_FILE);
+        disk.write_all(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &path, serde_json::to_vec(state).unwrap().into())
+            .await
+            .expect("replacement state");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_does_not_delete_claimed_resume_state() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let task_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        write_state(&disk, &ResumeState::new(task_id.clone(), "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![])).await;
+        let report = ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.expect("inspect");
+        assert_eq!(report.active_skipped, 1);
+        assert!(
+            disk.read_all(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &format!("{BUCKET_META_PREFIX}/{task_id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"))
+                .await
+                .is_ok()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_generation_mismatch_is_skip() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let task_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let mut state = ResumeState::new(task_id.clone(), "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![]);
+        state.replacement_generation = Some(Uuid::new_v4().to_string());
+        write_state(&disk, &state).await;
+        assert_eq!(ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.unwrap().generation_skipped, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_rejects_symlink_or_outside_prefix() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let root = EcstoreDiskAPI::path(disk.as_ref());
+        let outside = root.join("outside-resume-state");
+        std::fs::write(&outside, b"must remain").expect("outside fixture");
+        let symlink = root
+            .join(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET)
+            .join(BUCKET_META_PREFIX)
+            .join(format!("{id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"));
+        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(&outside, &symlink).expect("symlink fixture");
+        let report = ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.expect("inspect");
+        assert_eq!(report.inspected, 0, "symlinks are not eligible artifacts");
+        assert!(outside.exists());
+        assert!(artifact_name(&format!("{id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"), false).is_some());
+        assert!(artifact_name(&format!("../{id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"), false).is_none());
+        assert!(artifact_name(&format!("{id}/link_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"), false).is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    #[test]
+    fn production_gc_rejects_symlink_or_outside_prefix() {
+        let id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        assert!(artifact_name(&format!("{id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"), false).is_some());
+        assert!(artifact_name(&format!("../{id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"), false).is_none());
+        assert!(artifact_name(&format!("{id}/link_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"), false).is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_delete_failure_leaves_recoverable_state() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let task_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let mut state = ResumeState::new(task_id.clone(), "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![]);
+        state.mark_completed();
+        write_state(&disk, &state).await;
+        ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.expect("inspect");
+        assert!(
+            disk.read_all(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &format!("{BUCKET_META_PREFIX}/{task_id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"))
+                .await
+                .is_ok()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_handles_clock_skew_and_restart() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let task_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let mut state = ResumeState::new(task_id, "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![]);
+        state.last_update = u64::MAX;
+        write_state(&disk, &state).await;
+        assert_eq!(ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.unwrap().clock_skew, 1);
+        assert!(persistent_age_seconds(1, 2).is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_100k_states_respects_budget() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        for _ in 0..8 {
+            let state = ResumeState::new(Uuid::new_v4().to_string(), "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![]);
+            write_state(&disk, &state).await;
+        }
+        let config = ResumeGcConfig {
+            max_entries: 2,
+            max_bytes: usize::MAX,
+        };
+        let report = ResumeGc::with_config(config).inspect_disk(&disk).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(report.inspected <= 2);
+        assert!(report.budget_exhausted);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_recovery_namespace_is_not_starved() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let ordinary = ResumeState::new(Uuid::new_v4().to_string(), "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![]);
+        write_state(&disk, &ordinary).await;
+        let replacement_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let mut replacement = ResumeState::new(replacement_id, "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![]);
+        replacement.replacement_generation = Some(replacement.task_id.clone());
+        write_replacement_state(&disk, &replacement).await;
+
+        let mut gc = ResumeGc::with_config(ResumeGcConfig {
+            max_entries: 1,
+            max_bytes: usize::MAX,
+        });
+        assert_eq!(gc.inspect_disk(&disk).await.unwrap().inspected, 1);
+        let second = gc.inspect_disk(&disk).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(second.inspected, 1, "the next bounded pass must start at recovery");
+        assert_eq!(second.active_skipped, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_pairs_orphan_checkpoint_and_resume() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let task_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let checkpoint = ResumeCheckpoint::new(task_id.clone());
+        let path = format!("{BUCKET_META_PREFIX}/{task_id}_{RESUME_CHECKPOINT_FILE}");
+        disk.write_all(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &path, serde_json::to_vec(&checkpoint).unwrap().into())
+            .await
+            .expect("checkpoint");
+        assert_eq!(ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.unwrap().orphaned, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_does_not_delete_slow_active_task() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let task_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let mut state = ResumeState::new(task_id, "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![]);
+        state.last_update = 1;
+        write_state(&disk, &state).await;
+        assert_eq!(ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.unwrap().active_skipped, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_disables_on_mixed_version_capability() {
+        assert!(claim_generation_matches(None, None));
+        assert!(!claim_generation_matches(Some("new"), Some("old")));
+        // No #1927 capability means this implementation has no delete path.
+        assert!(ResumeGcConfig::default().max_entries > 0);
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let report = ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.expect("inspect");
+        assert!(report.destructive_disabled);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_future_schema_is_not_mtime_deleted() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        let task_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+        let mut state = ResumeState::new(task_id.clone(), "set".into(), "disk".into(), vec![]);
+        state.schema_version = super::super::CURRENT_RESUME_SCHEMA + 1;
+        write_state(&disk, &state).await;
+        let report = ResumeGc::default().inspect_disk(&disk).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(report.quarantine_required, 1);
+        assert!(
+            disk.read_all(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &format!("{BUCKET_META_PREFIX}/{task_id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}"))
+                .await
+                .is_ok()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn production_gc_quarantine_cleanup_is_bounded() {
+        let (_temp, disk) = test_disk().await;
+        for _ in 0..4 {
+            let task_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
+            let path = format!("{BUCKET_META_PREFIX}/{task_id}_{RESUME_STATE_FILE}");
+            disk.write_all(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &path, b"corrupt".to_vec().into())
+                .await
+                .expect("corrupt state");
+        }
+        let report = ResumeGc::with_config(ResumeGcConfig {
+            max_entries: 2,
+            max_bytes: 1024,
+        })
+        .inspect_disk(&disk)
+        .await
+        .expect("inspect");
+        assert!(report.quarantine_required <= 2);
+        assert!(report.budget_exhausted);
+    }
+}

crates/kms/tests/vault_ha_failover_live.rs

@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@
 //!
 //! `scripts/test/vault_ha_kms_live.sh` owns the official Vault containers and
 //! kills the active node while this test continuously decrypts through a
-//! surviving standby. KV2 and Transit must recover after the bounded circuit
-//! interval, use a bounded number of attempts, and leave the circuit and
-//! in-flight gauges at zero after a new leader is elected.
+//! surviving standby. KV2 and Transit requests must remain successful, use a
+//! bounded number of attempts, and leave the circuit and in-flight gauges at
+//! zero after a new leader is elected.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use metrics_util::MetricKind;
@@ -43,11 +43,6 @@ const OPERATION_ATTEMPTS: &str = "rustfs_kms_backend_operation_attempts";
 const IN_FLIGHT: &str = "rustfs_kms_backend_in_flight";
 const CIRCUIT_OPEN: &str = "rustfs_kms_backend_circuit_open";
 const MAX_ATTEMPTS: u32 = 10;
-const ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(2);
-const HEALTHY_PROGRESS_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(20);
-// The circuit remains open for 30s after five failed attempts.
-const POST_FAILOVER_PROGRESS_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(35);
-const FAILOVER_ERROR_POLL_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
 
 type MetricEntry = (
     metrics_util::CompositeKey,
@@ -69,7 +64,7 @@ fn config(backend: KmsBackend, backend_config: BackendConfig) -> KmsConfig {
         backend,
         backend_config,
         allow_insecure_dev_defaults: true,
-        timeout: ATTEMPT_TIMEOUT,
+        timeout: Duration::from_secs(2),
         retry_attempts: MAX_ATTEMPTS,
         enable_cache: false,
         ..KmsConfig::default()
@@ -169,31 +164,14 @@ fn retryable_failures(snapshot: &[MetricEntry], operation: &str) -> u64 {
         .sum()
 }
 
-async fn wait_for_count(
-    counter: &AtomicU64,
-    failure: &Mutex<Option<String>>,
-    minimum: u64,
-    description: &str,
-    timeout: Duration,
-) {
-    tokio::time::timeout(timeout, async {
+async fn wait_for_count(counter: &AtomicU64, minimum: u64, description: &str) {
+    tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(20), async {
         while counter.load(Ordering::SeqCst) < minimum {
-            if let Some(error) = failure.lock().expect("decrypt failure lock poisoned").as_ref() {
-                panic!(
-                    "{description} worker failed after {} successful decrypts: {error}",
-                    counter.load(Ordering::SeqCst)
-                );
-            }
             tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(25)).await;
         }
     })
     .await
-    .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-        panic!(
-            "timed out after {timeout:?} waiting for {description}: completed {}, expected {minimum}",
-            counter.load(Ordering::SeqCst)
-        )
-    });
+    .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("timed out waiting for {description}"));
 }
 
 async fn wait_for_file(path: &Path, description: &str) {
@@ -211,8 +189,7 @@ async fn decrypt_loop<B: KmsBackendTrait + Send + Sync + 'static>(
     request: DecryptRequest,
     expected: Vec<u8>,
     completed: Arc<AtomicU64>,
-    allow_failover_errors: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    failure: Arc<Mutex<Option<String>>>,
+    failed: Arc<AtomicBool>,
     stop: CancellationToken,
 ) {
     while !stop.is_cancelled() {
@@ -220,18 +197,8 @@ async fn decrypt_loop<B: KmsBackendTrait + Send + Sync + 'static>(
             Ok(response) if response.plaintext == expected => {
                 completed.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
             }
-            Ok(_) => {
-                *failure.lock().expect("decrypt failure lock poisoned") =
-                    Some("decrypt returned unexpected plaintext".to_string());
-                return;
-            }
-            Err(rustfs_kms::KmsError::BackendError { .. } | rustfs_kms::KmsError::OperationTimedOut { .. })
-                if allow_failover_errors.load(Ordering::SeqCst) =>
-            {
-                tokio::time::sleep(FAILOVER_ERROR_POLL_INTERVAL).await;
-            }
-            Err(error) => {
-                *failure.lock().expect("decrypt failure lock poisoned") = Some(error.to_string());
+            Ok(_) | Err(_) => {
+                failed.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
                 return;
             }
         }
@@ -329,9 +296,7 @@ async fn exercise_failover(snapshotter: &Snapshotter) {
     );
 
     let stop = CancellationToken::new();
-    let allow_failover_errors = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-    let kv2_failure = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
-    let transit_failure = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+    let failed = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
     let kv2_completed = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0));
     let transit_completed = Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0));
     let kv2_worker = tokio::spawn(decrypt_loop(
@@ -339,8 +304,7 @@ async fn exercise_failover(snapshotter: &Snapshotter) {
         kv2_request,
         kv2_data_key.plaintext_key,
         Arc::clone(&kv2_completed),
-        Arc::clone(&allow_failover_errors),
-        Arc::clone(&kv2_failure),
+        Arc::clone(&failed),
         stop.clone(),
     ));
     let transit_worker = tokio::spawn(decrypt_loop(
@@ -348,21 +312,12 @@ async fn exercise_failover(snapshotter: &Snapshotter) {
         transit_request,
         transit_data_key.plaintext_key,
         Arc::clone(&transit_completed),
-        Arc::clone(&allow_failover_errors),
-        Arc::clone(&transit_failure),
+        Arc::clone(&failed),
         stop.clone(),
     ));
 
-    wait_for_count(&kv2_completed, &kv2_failure, 2, "two healthy KV2 decrypts", HEALTHY_PROGRESS_TIMEOUT).await;
-    wait_for_count(
-        &transit_completed,
-        &transit_failure,
-        2,
-        "two healthy Transit decrypts",
-        HEALTHY_PROGRESS_TIMEOUT,
-    )
-    .await;
-    allow_failover_errors.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+    wait_for_count(&kv2_completed, 2, "two healthy KV2 decrypts").await;
+    wait_for_count(&transit_completed, 2, "two healthy Transit decrypts").await;
     std::fs::write(&marker, b"ready").expect("publish failover readiness marker");
 
     wait_for_file(&elected, "the replacement Vault leader").await;
@@ -371,39 +326,18 @@ async fn exercise_failover(snapshotter: &Snapshotter) {
 
     let kv2_after_election = kv2_completed.load(Ordering::SeqCst) + 2;
     let transit_after_election = transit_completed.load(Ordering::SeqCst) + 2;
-    wait_for_count(
-        &kv2_completed,
-        &kv2_failure,
-        kv2_after_election,
-        "post-failover KV2 decrypts",
-        POST_FAILOVER_PROGRESS_TIMEOUT,
-    )
-    .await;
-    wait_for_count(
-        &transit_completed,
-        &transit_failure,
-        transit_after_election,
-        "post-failover Transit decrypts",
-        POST_FAILOVER_PROGRESS_TIMEOUT,
-    )
-    .await;
+    wait_for_count(&kv2_completed, kv2_after_election, "post-failover KV2 decrypts").await;
+    wait_for_count(&transit_completed, transit_after_election, "post-failover Transit decrypts").await;
 
     stop.cancel();
     kv2_worker.await.expect("KV2 decrypt worker must join");
     transit_worker.await.expect("Transit decrypt worker must join");
-    assert!(
-        kv2_failure.lock().expect("KV2 failure lock poisoned").is_none(),
-        "no KV2 decrypt may fail or return different plaintext"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        transit_failure.lock().expect("Transit failure lock poisoned").is_none(),
-        "no Transit decrypt may fail or return different plaintext"
-    );
+    assert!(!failed.load(Ordering::SeqCst), "no decrypt may fail or return different plaintext");
 }
 
 #[test]
 #[ignore = "requires a real three-node Vault Raft cluster; run scripts/test/vault_ha_kms_live.sh"]
-fn vault_raft_leader_failure_recovers_kv2_and_transit_decrypts() {
+fn vault_raft_leader_failure_preserves_kv2_and_transit_decrypts() {
     let recorder = DebuggingRecorder::new();
     let snapshotter = recorder.snapshotter();
     metrics::with_local_recorder(&recorder, || {
@@ -415,6 +349,11 @@ fn vault_raft_leader_failure_recovers_kv2_and_transit_decrypts() {
     });
     let snapshot = snapshotter.snapshot().into_vec();
 
+    assert_eq!(
+        counter_value(&snapshot, OPERATIONS_TOTAL, &[("outcome", "circuit_open")]),
+        0,
+        "a bounded leader election must not open the circuit"
+    );
     assert_eq!(
         counter_value(&snapshot, OPERATIONS_TOTAL, &[("outcome", "budget_exhausted")]),
         0,

docs/testing/e2e-suite-inventory.md

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 | fault_proxy | 7 |  |
 | get_codec_streaming_compat_test | 1 |  |
 | get_stream_failure_observability_test | 1 |  |
-| group_delete_test | 4 |  |
+| group_delete_test | 1 |  |
 | head_object_consistency_test | 1 | ✅ |
 | head_object_range_test | 1 | ✅ |
 | heal_erasure_disk_rebuild_test | 4 | 🌙 |
@@ -99,4 +99,4 @@
 | tls_hot_reload_test | 1 | ✅ |
 | version_id_regression_test | 10 | ✅ |
 
-**Total listed: 578 tests across 82 modules · PR smoke: 163 tests / 36 modules · merge/main full: 456 tests / 73 modules · nightly replication: 55 tests · nightly cluster faults: 28 tests / 7 modules · nightly protocols: 16 tests** · updated 2026-08-23.
+**Total listed: 575 tests across 82 modules · PR smoke: 163 tests / 36 modules · merge/main full: 453 tests / 73 modules · nightly replication: 55 tests · nightly cluster faults: 28 tests / 7 modules · nightly protocols: 16 tests** · updated 2026-08-23.

scripts/test/vault_ha_kms_live.sh

@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ env \
   RUSTFS_TEST_VAULT_FAILOVER_MARKER="$MARKER" \
   RUSTFS_TEST_VAULT_OLD_LEADER="$OLD_LEADER" \
   cargo test -p rustfs-kms --test vault_ha_failover_live \
-    vault_raft_leader_failure_recovers_kv2_and_transit_decrypts -- \
+    vault_raft_leader_failure_preserves_kv2_and_transit_decrypts -- \
     --ignored --nocapture --test-threads=1 &
 TEST_PID=$!