fix(ecstore): remove hardlinked backup during delete rollback (#9239)

When a fused recoverable delete is interrupted after publishing the transaction directory and before updating xl.meta, xl.meta and <transaction>/xl.meta.bkp remain hardlinks to the same inode. Under POSIX rename semantics, renaming xl.meta.bkp over xl.meta during rollback succeeds as a no-op without unlinking xl.meta.bkp, which leaves xl.meta.bkp in the transaction directory after journal removal and strands the transaction in DeleteRecoveryState::LegacyAmbiguous.

Unlink xl.meta.bkp after syncing the restored object directory and before syncing the rollback directory and removing journal markers, and extend delete_recovery_fused_prepare_checkpoint_reopens_before_head_publication to preserve the hardlink and verify rollback completion and retry.

.config/e2e-full-selection.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-sha256-darwin=219ac11e720b3f54dfee4d5d5e95171785ba159b2fe01db3037a8f5061c1ad32
-sha256-linux=2d34698cc8ec52d5b6c37ac612919a1d21f36cd56a1af539a7522a4eea518e26
+sha256-darwin=9901a4950099b94d3d2618524d540f1ed4bf6023044903886f98b6c4bf5f30fb
+sha256-linux=09fd5f48f5556c9fc576357222dccd7ebb0b90b790798f1834db2ec5d67b4952

.config/make/tests.mak

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ script-tests: ## Run shell script tests
 	./scripts/check_embedded_secrets.sh --self-test
 	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/check_test_wiring.py --self-test
 	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/test_e2e_binary.py
+	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/test_download_release_asset.py
 	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/test_inspect_btf_prototypes.py
 	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/test_release_build_workflow.py
 	$(RUSTFS_PYTHON_BIN) ./scripts/test_release_glibc.py

.github/actions/quick-checks/action.yml

@@ -28,11 +28,12 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Install actionlint
       shell: bash
+      env:
+        GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        ASSET_DOWNLOADER: ${{ github.action_path }}/../setup/download_release_asset.py
       run: |
         actionlint_dir="$(mktemp -d "${RUNNER_TEMP}/actionlint.XXXXXX")"
-        curl --fail --location --silent --show-error \
-          --output "$actionlint_dir/actionlint.tar.gz" \
-          https://github.com/rhysd/actionlint/releases/download/v1.7.12/actionlint_1.7.12_linux_amd64.tar.gz
+        python3 "$ASSET_DOWNLOADER" --repository rhysd/actionlint --tag v1.7.12 --asset actionlint_1.7.12_linux_amd64.tar.gz --output "$actionlint_dir/actionlint.tar.gz" --sha256 8aca8db96f1b94770f1b0d72b6dddcb1ebb8123cb3712530b08cc387b349a3d8
         echo "8aca8db96f1b94770f1b0d72b6dddcb1ebb8123cb3712530b08cc387b349a3d8  $actionlint_dir/actionlint.tar.gz" | sha256sum --check --status
         tar -xzf "$actionlint_dir/actionlint.tar.gz" -C "$actionlint_dir" actionlint
         rm "$actionlint_dir/actionlint.tar.gz"

.github/actions/setup/action.yml

@@ -66,10 +66,7 @@ inputs:
 runs:
   using: "composite"
   steps:
-    # protobuf-compiler is deliberately absent: the setup-protoc step below
-    # installs 35.1 into the tool cache and prepends it to PATH, so the apt
-    # build (older, and never version-matched) was shadowed on every run and
-    # simply never used.
+    # Use the pinned code generators rather than Ubuntu's older packages.
     - name: Install system dependencies (Ubuntu)
       if: runner.os == 'Linux'
       shell: bash
@@ -79,7 +76,9 @@ runs:
           build-essential \
           pkg-config \
           libssl-dev \
-          ripgrep
+          ripgrep \
+          python3 \
+          gh
 
     # musl-gcc is needed by the native musl release leg, and zip/unzip by the
     # release packaging steps. No CI test lane touches any of them.
@@ -88,13 +87,32 @@ runs:
       shell: bash
       run: sudo apt-get install -y musl-tools zip unzip
 
+    - name: Install pinned code generators through GitHub API (Linux x64)
+      if: runner.os == 'Linux' && runner.arch == 'X64'
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        ASSET_DOWNLOADER: ${{ github.action_path }}/download_release_asset.py
+      run: |
+        python3 "$ASSET_DOWNLOADER" --repository protocolbuffers/protobuf --tag v35.1 --asset protoc-35.1-linux-x86_64.zip --output "$RUNNER_TEMP/protoc.zip"
+        python3 "$ASSET_DOWNLOADER" --repository google/flatbuffers --tag v25.12.19 --asset 'Linux.flatc.binary.g++-13.zip' --output "$RUNNER_TEMP/flatc.zip"
+        python3 -m zipfile -e "$RUNNER_TEMP/protoc.zip" "$RUNNER_TEMP/protoc"
+        python3 -m zipfile -e "$RUNNER_TEMP/flatc.zip" "$RUNNER_TEMP/flatc"
+        chmod +x "$RUNNER_TEMP/protoc/bin/protoc" "$RUNNER_TEMP/flatc/flatc"
+        "$RUNNER_TEMP/protoc/bin/protoc" --version
+        "$RUNNER_TEMP/flatc/flatc" --version
+        echo "$RUNNER_TEMP/protoc/bin" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+        echo "$RUNNER_TEMP/flatc" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+
     - name: Install protoc
+      if: runner.os != 'Linux' || runner.arch != 'X64'
       uses: rustfs/setup-protoc@a3705324d8f9bf5b6c3573fb6cf8ae421db55dd6 # v3.0.1
       with:
         version: "35.1"
         repo-token: ${{ github.token }}
 
     - name: Install flatc
+      if: runner.os != 'Linux' || runner.arch != 'X64'
       uses: Nugine/setup-flatc@698800de72a96bfb22cf60431dc21a2ff9a7e07b # v1
       with:
         version: "25.12.19"

.github/actions/setup/download_release_asset.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Download a named GitHub release asset through its API and verify its digest."""
+
+import argparse
+import hashlib
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from urllib.parse import quote
+
+
+def download(repository, tag, name, output, expected_sha256=None):
+    if not re.fullmatch(r"[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_.-]*/[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_.-]*", repository):
+        raise ValueError("invalid release repository")
+    if not tag or not name or "/" in name or "\\" in name:
+        raise ValueError("invalid release tag or asset name")
+    if expected_sha256 is not None and not re.fullmatch(r"[0-9a-f]{64}", expected_sha256):
+        raise ValueError("invalid pinned asset digest")
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["gh", "api", "--hostname", "github.com", f"repos/{repository}/releases/tags/{quote(tag, safe='')}"],
+        check=True, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=60,
+    )
+    release = json.loads(result.stdout)
+    if not isinstance(release, dict) or release.get("tag_name") != tag:
+        raise ValueError("release metadata does not match the requested tag")
+    assets = release.get("assets")
+    if not isinstance(assets, list) or any(not isinstance(asset, dict) for asset in assets):
+        raise ValueError("invalid release asset inventory")
+    matches = [asset for asset in assets if asset.get("name") == name]
+    if len(matches) != 1:
+        raise ValueError("release must contain exactly one named asset")
+    asset = matches[0]
+    asset_id, size, digest = asset.get("id"), asset.get("size"), asset.get("digest")
+    if type(asset_id) is not int or asset_id <= 0 or type(size) is not int or not 0 < size <= 512 * 1024 * 1024:
+        raise ValueError("invalid release asset identity or size")
+    if not isinstance(digest, str) or not re.fullmatch(r"sha256:[0-9a-f]{64}", digest):
+        raise ValueError("release asset has no valid SHA-256 digest")
+    sha256 = digest.removeprefix("sha256:")
+    if expected_sha256 is not None and expected_sha256 != sha256:
+        raise ValueError("release digest differs from the pinned digest")
+    output = Path(output)
+    output.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    temporary = None
+    try:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(dir=output.parent, prefix=".release-asset-", delete=False) as stream:
+            temporary = Path(stream.name)
+            # gh authenticates to the API; its HTTP client strips credentials on
+            # cross-host redirects. No browser URL or token is supplied in argv.
+            subprocess.run(
+                ["gh", "api", "--hostname", "github.com", "--header", "Accept: application/octet-stream", f"repos/{repository}/releases/assets/{asset_id}"],
+                check=True, stdout=stream, timeout=300,
+            )
+        with temporary.open("rb") as stream:
+            actual = hashlib.file_digest(stream, "sha256").hexdigest()
+        if temporary.stat().st_size != size or actual != sha256:
+            raise ValueError("downloaded release asset failed size or SHA-256 verification")
+        temporary.replace(output)
+        print(f"Verified release asset: {repository} {tag} {name} sha256={actual}")
+    finally:
+        if temporary is not None:
+            temporary.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--repository", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--tag", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--asset", required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("--output", required=True, type=Path)
+    parser.add_argument("--sha256")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    try:
+        download(args.repository, args.tag, args.asset, args.output, args.sha256)
+    except (ValueError, KeyError, TypeError, json.JSONDecodeError, subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError) as error:
+        print(f"Release asset download failed: {error}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -142,15 +142,23 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@f548e57e544e1ff5a4c46bf1e1b8685f8e4a348a # v7
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Install pinned typos through GitHub API
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          TYPOS_VERSION: 1.50.2
+        run: |
+          python3 .github/actions/setup/download_release_asset.py --repository crate-ci/typos --tag "v${TYPOS_VERSION}" --asset "typos-v${TYPOS_VERSION}-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz" --output "$RUNNER_TEMP/typos.tar.gz"
+          mkdir -p "$RUNNER_TEMP/typos"
+          tar -xzf "$RUNNER_TEMP/typos.tar.gz" -C "$RUNNER_TEMP/typos"
       - name: Typos check with custom config file
-        uses: crate-ci/typos@512fc24f32f44ab01972217aaaf3dc86ec234d53 # v1.50.2
+        run: '"$RUNNER_TEMP/typos/typos" .'
 
   # Fail early with compile-free checks for every pull request.
   quick-checks:
     name: Quick Checks
     if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.action != 'closed'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@f548e57e544e1ff5a4c46bf1e1b8685f8e4a348a # v7
@@ -1137,11 +1145,16 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install mc
         env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
           MC_VERSION: RELEASE.2025-08-13T08-35-41Z
           MC_SHA256: 01f866e9c5f9b87c2b09116fa5d7c06695b106242d829a8bb32990c00312e891
         run: |
+          if ! command -v gh >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get install -y gh
+          fi
           MC_BINARY="mc.linux-amd64.${MC_VERSION}"
-          curl -fsSLo "$RUNNER_TEMP/mc" "https://github.com/minio/mc/releases/download/${MC_VERSION}/${MC_BINARY}"
+          python3 .github/actions/setup/download_release_asset.py --repository minio/mc --tag "$MC_VERSION" --asset "$MC_BINARY" --output "$RUNNER_TEMP/mc" --sha256 "$MC_SHA256"
           echo "${MC_SHA256}  $RUNNER_TEMP/mc" | sha256sum --check --status
           chmod +x "$RUNNER_TEMP/mc"
           echo "$RUNNER_TEMP" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"

Cargo.lock

@@ -9837,6 +9837,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "google-cloud-auth",
  "google-cloud-storage",
  "h2",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
  "hex-simd",
  "hmac 0.13.0",
  "hostname",
@@ -10759,17 +10760,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "arc-swap",
  "async-compression",
  "async-trait",
+ "base64-simd",
  "brotli 9.1.1",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
  "crc-fast",
  "datafusion",
+ "flatbuffers",
  "flate2",
  "futures",
  "futures-core",
  "hotpath",
  "http 1.5.0",
  "lz4",
+ "lz4_flex",
  "memchr",
  "metrics",
  "parking_lot 0.13.0",

Cargo.toml

@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ local-ip-address = "0.6.13"
 log = "0.4"
 memmap2 = "0.9.12"
 lz4 = "1.28.1"
+lz4_flex = { version = "=0.14.0", default-features = false, features = ["std", "frame"] }
 matchit = "0.9.2"
 md-5 = "0.11.0"
 mime_guess = "2.0.5"

crates/config/src/constants/internode.rs

@@ -184,15 +184,27 @@ const _: () = assert!(!DEFAULT_INTERNODE_RPC_REPLAY_SCOPE_STRICT);
 /// Capacity (distinct nonces) of the process-local internode RPC replay cache that enforces
 /// one-time consumption of authenticated RPC signatures.
 ///
-/// The cache retains each nonce for the ~10-minute signature freshness envelope. Once peers use
-/// replay-scoped v3 authentication, every authenticated RPC consumes one entry, so the steady
-/// state holds roughly `authenticated RPC RPS x 601s` entries. This default is the minimum floor:
-/// explicit operator values and resource-aware auto sizing both clamp upward to at least this
-/// value. Overflow fails closed — legitimate signed traffic is the only thing that can fill the
-/// cache (replays are rejected before insertion, and an attacker cannot mint valid nonces without
-/// the shared secret) — and increments
-/// `rustfs_system_network_internode_replay_cache_overflow_total`, so a sustained non-zero overflow
-/// counter means this capacity is undersized for the node's peak authenticated RPC rate.
+/// Nonces remain protected until their signed timestamp is outside the observed wall-clock
+/// validity window, including after clock rollback. Current-time signatures live about five
+/// minutes; the maximum accepted forward clock skew can extend that to ten minutes. A body-bound
+/// v3 request consumes both its v3 and compatibility-v2 nonces, so size for receiver nonce intake,
+/// not S3 request rate or CPU count.
+///
+/// Automatic admission budgets 13% of effective process memory for signed-time
+/// hash tables, allocator overhead and simultaneous old/new tables during growth.
+/// The reported count is an absolute UUID payload ceiling, not guaranteed throughput:
+/// actual byte admission can reject earlier depending on timestamp distribution.
+/// Tables grow with demand and are released together when their signed time expires.
+/// CPU count, a historical minimum, and a fixed 32M ceiling do not constrain this budget.
+/// If memory detection fails, the historical default remains a bounded count fallback.
+///
+/// Explicit values remain count ceilings with the historical minimum of 1,048,576
+/// for configuration compatibility, and bypass automatic byte admission. That
+/// compatibility floor does not apply to the automatically detected memory budget.
+/// Zero never disables replay protection.
+/// Overflow rejects the request without evicting a still-valid identity, increments
+/// `rustfs_system_network_internode_replay_cache_overflow_total`, and returns resource
+/// exhaustion rather than invalid credentials. Measure headroom before overriding.
 pub const ENV_INTERNODE_RPC_REPLAY_CACHE_CAPACITY: &str = "RUSTFS_INTERNODE_RPC_REPLAY_CACHE_CAPACITY";
 pub const DEFAULT_INTERNODE_RPC_REPLAY_CACHE_CAPACITY: usize = 1_048_576;
 

crates/ecstore/Cargo.toml

@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ test-util = []
 e2e-test-hooks = []
 
 [dependencies]
+hashbrown.workspace = true
 hotpath.workspace = true
 rustfs-filemeta.workspace = true
 rustfs-utils = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }

crates/ecstore/src/api/mod.rs

@@ -640,17 +640,17 @@ pub mod rpc {
     pub use crate::cluster::rpc::{
         AuthenticatedChannel, KMS_SIGNAL_SUBSYSTEM, LocalPeerS3Client, MAX_NETWORK_PROBE_BYTES, MAX_NETWORK_PROBE_DURATION,
         NetworkPeerProbeClient, NetworkPeerProbeError, NetworkPeerProbeMeasurement, NetworkPeerTarget, PEER_RESTDRY_RUN,
-        PEER_RESTSIGNAL, PEER_RESTSUB_SYS, PeerRestClient, PeerS3Client, S3PeerSys, SERVICE_SIGNAL_REFRESH_CONFIG,
-        SERVICE_SIGNAL_RELOAD_DYNAMIC, ScannerBucketListing, ScannerDirtyUsageAcknowledgement, ScannerPeerActivity,
-        ScannerPeerDirtyUsageBucket, ScannerPeerDirtyUsageSnapshot, ScannerPublicationLease, ScannerScopedDirtyUsageAckEntry,
-        TONIC_RPC_PREFIX, TonicInterceptor, build_put_file_auth_trailer, check_and_record_signed_rpc_nonce,
-        decode_heal_bucket_rpc_options, encode_heal_bucket_rpc_options, gen_signature_headers, gen_tonic_replay_scope_headers,
-        gen_tonic_signature_headers, gen_tonic_signature_interceptor, node_service_time_out_client,
-        node_service_time_out_client_no_auth, normalize_tonic_rpc_audience, rpc_background_admission,
-        set_tonic_canonical_body_digest, sign_ns_scanner_capability, sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage,
-        sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation, sign_put_file_capability, sign_tonic_rpc_response_proof,
-        tonic_boot_epoch_challenge, tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers, tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason,
-        verify_ns_scanner_capability, verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage,
+        PEER_RESTSIGNAL, PEER_RESTSUB_SYS, PeerRestClient, PeerS3Client, RpcReplayCacheAdmissionError, S3PeerSys,
+        SERVICE_SIGNAL_REFRESH_CONFIG, SERVICE_SIGNAL_RELOAD_DYNAMIC, ScannerBucketListing, ScannerDirtyUsageAcknowledgement,
+        ScannerPeerActivity, ScannerPeerDirtyUsageBucket, ScannerPeerDirtyUsageSnapshot, ScannerPublicationLease,
+        ScannerScopedDirtyUsageAckEntry, TONIC_RPC_PREFIX, TonicInterceptor, build_put_file_auth_trailer,
+        check_and_record_signed_rpc_nonce, decode_heal_bucket_rpc_options, encode_heal_bucket_rpc_options, gen_signature_headers,
+        gen_tonic_replay_scope_headers, gen_tonic_signature_headers, gen_tonic_signature_interceptor,
+        node_service_time_out_client, node_service_time_out_client_no_auth, normalize_tonic_rpc_audience,
+        rpc_auth_is_resource_exhausted, rpc_background_admission, set_tonic_canonical_body_digest, sign_ns_scanner_capability,
+        sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage, sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation,
+        sign_put_file_capability, sign_tonic_rpc_response_proof, tonic_boot_epoch_challenge, tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers,
+        tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason, verify_ns_scanner_capability, verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage,
         verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation, verify_put_file_auth_trailer, verify_put_file_capability,
         verify_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_boot_epoch_response, verify_tonic_canonical_body_digest,
         verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest, verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest_reject_unsigned, verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof,

crates/ecstore/src/cache_value/metacache_set.rs

@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ pub struct ListPathRawOptions {
     pub hidden_entry_budget: usize,
     pub pending_prefix: Option<String>,
     pub filter_prefix: Option<String>,
+    pub identifier_tree_leaf: Option<String>,
     pub forward_to: Option<String>,
     pub min_disks: usize,
     /// Deliver every replica to the partial callback, including matching headers.
@@ -268,6 +269,7 @@ impl Clone for ListPathRawOptions {
             hidden_entry_budget: self.hidden_entry_budget,
             pending_prefix: self.pending_prefix.clone(),
             filter_prefix: self.filter_prefix.clone(),
+            identifier_tree_leaf: self.identifier_tree_leaf.clone(),
             forward_to: self.forward_to.clone(),
             min_disks: self.min_disks,
             preserve_replica_metadata: self.preserve_replica_metadata,
@@ -300,6 +302,7 @@ fn walk_dir_options(opts: &ListPathRawOptions) -> WalkDirOptions {
         pending_prefix: opts.pending_prefix.clone(),
         report_notfound: opts.report_not_found,
         filter_prefix: opts.filter_prefix.clone(),
+        identifier_tree_leaf: opts.identifier_tree_leaf.clone(),
         forward_to: opts.forward_to.clone(),
         limit: opts.per_disk_limit,
         skip_total_timeout: opts.skip_walkdir_total_timeout,
@@ -1233,6 +1236,21 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!options.skip_total_timeout);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn identifier_tree_selection_survives_job_clone_and_disk_request() {
+        let request = ListPathRawOptions {
+            path: "catalog/namespaces/".to_string(),
+            identifier_tree_leaf: Some("table-entry.json".to_string()),
+            recursive: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let cloned = request.clone();
+        let walk = walk_dir_options(&cloned);
+        assert_eq!(walk.identifier_tree_leaf, request.identifier_tree_leaf);
+        assert_eq!(walk.base_dir, request.path);
+        assert!(walk.recursive);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn cloned_reader_options_preserve_hidden_scan_budget_and_pending_prefix() {
         let request = ListPathRawOptions {

crates/ecstore/src/cluster/rpc/mod.rs

@@ -35,17 +35,17 @@ pub use client::{
 // Re-exported through `api::rpc`; not every item is consumed inside this crate.
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
 pub use http_auth::{
-    RPC_BACKGROUND_ADMISSION_HEADER, TONIC_RPC_PREFIX, build_auth_headers, build_put_file_auth_trailer,
-    check_and_record_signed_rpc_nonce, gen_signature_headers, gen_tonic_replay_scope_headers, gen_tonic_signature_headers,
-    normalize_tonic_rpc_audience, rpc_background_admission, set_tonic_canonical_body_digest, set_tonic_mutation_body_digest,
-    set_tonic_rolling_canonical_body_digest, set_tonic_rolling_mutation_body_digest, sign_ns_scanner_capability,
-    sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage, sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation,
-    sign_put_file_capability, sign_tonic_rpc_response_proof, tonic_boot_epoch_challenge, tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers,
-    tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason, verify_ns_scanner_capability, verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage,
-    verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation, verify_put_file_auth_trailer, verify_put_file_capability,
-    verify_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_boot_epoch_response, verify_tonic_canonical_body_digest,
-    verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest, verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest_reject_unsigned, verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof,
-    verify_tonic_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap,
+    RPC_BACKGROUND_ADMISSION_HEADER, RpcReplayCacheAdmissionError, TONIC_RPC_PREFIX, build_auth_headers,
+    build_put_file_auth_trailer, check_and_record_signed_rpc_nonce, gen_signature_headers, gen_tonic_replay_scope_headers,
+    gen_tonic_signature_headers, normalize_tonic_rpc_audience, rpc_auth_is_resource_exhausted, rpc_background_admission,
+    set_tonic_canonical_body_digest, set_tonic_mutation_body_digest, set_tonic_rolling_canonical_body_digest,
+    set_tonic_rolling_mutation_body_digest, sign_ns_scanner_capability, sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage,
+    sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation, sign_put_file_capability, sign_tonic_rpc_response_proof,
+    tonic_boot_epoch_challenge, tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers, tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason, verify_ns_scanner_capability,
+    verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage, verify_ns_scanner_capability_with_tier_registry_generation,
+    verify_put_file_auth_trailer, verify_put_file_capability, verify_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_boot_epoch_response,
+    verify_tonic_canonical_body_digest, verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest, verify_tonic_mutation_body_digest_reject_unsigned,
+    verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof, verify_tonic_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap,
 };
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub(crate) use internode_data_transport::TcpHttpInternodeDataTransport;

crates/ecstore/src/cluster/rpc/peer_s3_client.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::cluster::rpc::client::{
     node_service_time_out_client,
 };
 use crate::cluster::rpc::set_tonic_mutation_body_digest;
-use crate::core::pools::{PoolMeta, PoolMetaWriteState};
+use crate::core::pools::{PoolMeta, PoolMetaSaveGate, PoolMetaSaveGateWriteGuard};
 use crate::disk::error::DiskError;
 use crate::disk::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::disk::error_reduce::{BUCKET_OP_IGNORED_ERRS, is_all_buckets_not_found, reduce_write_quorum_errs};
@@ -798,12 +798,12 @@ fn try_acquire_bucket_heal_movement_guard<'a>(
 }
 
 async fn acquire_bucket_heal_write_guard<'a>(
-    gate: Option<&'a tokio::sync::Mutex<PoolMetaWriteState>>,
-) -> Result<Option<tokio::sync::MutexGuard<'a, PoolMetaWriteState>>> {
+    gate: Option<&'a PoolMetaSaveGate>,
+) -> Result<Option<PoolMetaSaveGateWriteGuard<'a>>> {
     let Some(gate) = gate else {
         return Ok(None);
     };
-    let guard = gate.lock().await;
+    let guard = gate.write().await;
     guard
         .ensure_write_safe("bucket heal cannot run while pool metadata requires recovery")
         .map_err(|e| e.narrow_to_disk().unwrap_or_else(Error::other))?;
@@ -2388,8 +2388,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn local_bucket_heal_refuses_receiver_with_unsafe_pool_metadata() {
-        let gate = tokio::sync::Mutex::new(PoolMetaWriteState::default());
-        gate.lock().await.observe_replicas(PoolMetaReplicaState {
+        let gate = PoolMetaSaveGate::default();
+        gate.write().await.observe_replicas(PoolMetaReplicaState {
             needs_repair: true,
             repair_write_safe: false,
         });

crates/ecstore/src/core/pool_meta_native_integration_tests.rs

@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_physical_runtime_fork_after_apply_latches_original_gat
     let fork = identity_epoch_fork(&fixture).await;
     let since = OffsetDateTime::from_unix_timestamp(1_700_000_000).expect("fixed original failure timestamp should be valid");
     {
-        let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+        let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
         assert_eq!(state.active_transactions.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
         state.write_blocked = false;
         state.block_context = None;
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_physical_runtime_fork_after_apply_latches_original_gat
     );
     assert_committed(&fixture).await;
     {
-        let state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+        let state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
         assert!(
             state.write_blocked,
             "candidate validation must propagate its permanent latch to the original state"
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_physical_runtime_fork_after_apply_latches_original_gat
             .expect("permanently blocked recovery should return without mutation"),
         "ordinary-readable repaired heads must not clear the original known-fork latch"
     );
-    let state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+    let state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
     assert!(state.write_blocked);
     assert_eq!(
         state
@@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_heal_v1_with_all_upgrade_gates_disabled_keeps_exact_ra
         async {
             let (fixture, raw) = legacy_native_owner_fixture(POOL_META_V1_VERSION, false).await;
             let guard = owner(&fixture.store).await;
-            let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+            let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
             let result = tokio::time::timeout(
                 std::time::Duration::from_secs(30),
                 fixture.store.heal_pool_meta_replica_under_fence(0, guard, &mut state),
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_heal_rejects_legacy_source_with_trailing_bytes_without
                 let before = snapshots(&fixture.store).await;
                 let identities = owner_repair_identity_heads(&fixture.store).await;
                 let guard = owner(&fixture.store).await;
-                let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+                let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
                 let result = tokio::time::timeout(
                     std::time::Duration::from_secs(30),
                     fixture.store.heal_pool_meta_replica_under_fence(1, guard, &mut state),
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_heal_mixed_v1_v2_preserves_observed_format_floor() {
                     assert_eq!(selection.revision.version, POOL_META_VERSION, "the observed V2 format floor must be retained");
                     assert_eq!(selection.canonical.as_deref(), Some(semantic_v2.as_slice()));
                     let guard = owner(&fixture.store).await;
-                    let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+                    let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
                     tokio::time::timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(30),
                         fixture.store.heal_pool_meta_replica_under_fence(target_pool, guard, &mut state))
                         .await.expect("mixed legacy heal must terminate")
@@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_heal_rejects_v1_and_v3_prepare_in_either_pool_order()
                 let before = snapshots(&fixture.store).await;
                 let identities = owner_repair_identity_heads(&fixture.store).await;
                 let guard = owner(&fixture.store).await;
-                let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+                let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
                 let result = tokio::time::timeout(
                     std::time::Duration::from_secs(30),
                     fixture
@@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_heal_rejects_v1_legacy_dont_save_true_without_writes()
             let before = snapshots(&fixture.store).await;
             let identities = owner_repair_identity_heads(&fixture.store).await;
             let guard = owner(&fixture.store).await;
-            let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+            let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
             let result = tokio::time::timeout(
                 std::time::Duration::from_secs(30),
                 fixture.store.heal_pool_meta_replica_under_fence(1, guard, &mut state),
@@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ async fn pool_meta_native_heal_rejects_target_v1_dont_save_true_without_writes()
             let before = snapshots(&fixture.store).await;
             let identities = owner_repair_identity_heads(&fixture.store).await;
             let guard = owner(&fixture.store).await;
-            let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+            let mut state = fixture.store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
             let result = tokio::time::timeout(
                 std::time::Duration::from_secs(30),
                 fixture.store.heal_pool_meta_replica_under_fence(1, guard, &mut state),

crates/ecstore/src/core/pools_test.rs

@@ -527,8 +527,8 @@ mod decommission_lock_order_tests {
             rebalance_meta: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(other_store.rebalance_meta.read().await.clone()),
             decommission_cancelers: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(vec![None; other_store.pools.len()]),
             start_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(
-                other_store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await.independent_clone_for_test(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::new(
+                other_store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await.independent_clone_for_test(),
             ),
             ctx,
             bucket_fence_registry: Arc::default(),

crates/ecstore/src/data_usage/mod.rs

@@ -3436,7 +3436,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
             start_gate: TokioMutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: TokioMutex::default(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
             ctx,
             bucket_fence_registry: Arc::default(),
         })

crates/ecstore/src/disk/local.rs

@@ -977,6 +977,7 @@ async fn restore_delete_rollback_with_namespace_owner(
             .insert(backup_path.clone());
         os::rename_all_with_owner(&backup_path, xl_path, object_dir, publication_root, namespace_owner.clone()).await
     };
+    let restored_backup = restored.is_ok();
     match restored {
         Ok(()) => {}
         Err(DiskError::FileNotFound) if remove_new_metadata => {
@@ -1006,6 +1007,16 @@ async fn restore_delete_rollback_with_namespace_owner(
         os::fsync_dir_with_owner(object_dir, namespace_owner.clone())
             .await
             .map_err(to_file_error)?;
+    }
+    if restored_backup {
+        // Renaming two hardlinks to the same inode can leave the backup in place.
+        match os::remove_file_with_owner(&backup_path, namespace_owner.clone()).await {
+            Ok(()) => {}
+            Err(err) if err.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => {}
+            Err(err) => return Err(to_file_error(err).into()),
+        }
+    }
+    if effective_durability(volume).syncs_commit_metadata() {
         os::fsync_dir_with_owner(&rollback_path, namespace_owner.clone())
             .await
             .map_err(to_file_error)?;
@@ -3794,6 +3805,25 @@ async fn read_dir_entries_with_walk_stall(path: &Path, count: i32, stall: Option
 const WALK_DIR_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 32;
 #[cfg(not(test))]
 const WALK_DIR_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 256;
+
+async fn read_identifier_tree_entries(path: &Path, leaf: &str, stall: Option<Duration>) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let mut entries = read_dir_with_walk_stall(path.to_path_buf(), stall).await?;
+    let mut names = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        let (next, batch, eof) = read_dir_entry_batch_with_walk_stall(entries, READ_DIR_BATCH_SIZE, stall).await?;
+        entries = next;
+        // Filter before retaining or sorting the inventory. A report flood
+        // costs directory iteration, not one retained name/metadata read per report.
+        names.extend(batch.into_iter().filter(|name| {
+            name.strip_suffix(SLASH_SEPARATOR)
+                .is_some_and(|component| component == leaf || super::is_identifier_tree_component(component))
+        }));
+        if eof {
+            return Ok(names);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 const READ_DIR_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 512;
 
 async fn read_dir_with_walk_stall(path: PathBuf, stall: Option<Duration>) -> Result<std::fs::ReadDir> {
@@ -11746,6 +11776,14 @@ impl LocalDisk {
         W: AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + 'a,
     {
         Box::pin(async move {
+            if opts.identifier_tree_leaf.is_some() {
+                let relative = current
+                    .strip_prefix(&opts.base_dir)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| DiskError::other("identifier-tree walk escaped its root"))?;
+                if relative.split('/').filter(|component| !component.is_empty()).count() > 512 {
+                    return Err(DiskError::other("identifier-tree walk exceeds its directory depth limit"));
+                }
+            }
             // The part of forward_to below this directory, taken before `current`
             // loses its trailing slash.
             let forward_rest = opts
@@ -11778,7 +11816,12 @@ impl LocalDisk {
             // as a single logical read in API semantics.
             let read_dir_started = rustfs_io_metrics::get_stage_metrics_enabled().then(std::time::Instant::now);
             let dir_path_abs = self.io_get_object_path(&opts.bucket, current.trim_start_matches(SLASH_SEPARATOR))?;
-            let read_dir_result = match read_dir_entries_with_walk_stall(&dir_path_abs, -1, stall).await {
+            let read_dir_result = if let Some(leaf) = opts.identifier_tree_leaf.as_deref() {
+                read_identifier_tree_entries(&dir_path_abs, leaf, stall).await
+            } else {
+                read_dir_entries_with_walk_stall(&dir_path_abs, -1, stall).await
+            };
+            let read_dir_result = match read_dir_result {
                 Err(err) if err == Error::FileNotFound && !skip_access_checks(&opts.bucket) => {
                     let volume_dir = self.io_get_bucket_path(&opts.bucket)?;
                     if let Err(access_err) = cached_access(&volume_dir).await {
@@ -12075,6 +12118,16 @@ impl LocalDisk {
                     return Ok(true);
                 }
 
+                if let Some(leaf) = opts.identifier_tree_leaf.as_deref()
+                    && entry != leaf
+                {
+                    // Identifier directories can be namespaces at any depth,
+                    // including components named tables or maintenance. Their
+                    // own object metadata is outside this selected leaf scan.
+                    schedule_dir(&mut dir_stack, format!("{name}/"), true, None, true, false);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
                 let mut meta = MetaCacheEntry {
                     name,
                     ..Default::default()
@@ -12124,7 +12177,8 @@ impl LocalDisk {
                             } else {
                                 adaptive_batch_cap
                             };
-                            let batch_names = if batch_limit > 1
+                            let batch_names = if opts.identifier_tree_leaf.is_none()
+                                && batch_limit > 1
                                 && dir_objes.is_empty()
                                 && dir_stack.iter().all(|(_, _, _, scan_required, _)| !*scan_required)
                             {
@@ -12177,6 +12231,11 @@ impl LocalDisk {
                             write_metacache_obj(out, &meta).await?;
                         }
 
+                        if opts.identifier_tree_leaf.is_some() {
+                            // A dotted leaf cannot contain identifier-tree descendants.
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
                         let has_namespace_child_candidate = read.has_namespace_child_candidate;
                         let dir_to_skip: HashSet<String> = if has_namespace_child_candidate || !dir_objes.is_empty() {
                             read.data_dirs.into_iter().map(|dir| dir.to_string()).collect()
@@ -12223,6 +12282,9 @@ impl LocalDisk {
                     }
                     Err(err) => {
                         if err == Error::FileNotFound || err == Error::IsNotRegular {
+                            if opts.identifier_tree_leaf.is_some() {
+                                continue;
+                            }
                             adaptive_batch_cap = 1;
                             // NOT an object, append to stack (with slash)
                             // If dirObject, but no metadata (which is unexpected) we skip it.
@@ -15431,6 +15493,12 @@ impl DiskAPI for LocalDisk {
         super::lifecycle_test_io::observe(&opts.bucket, None);
         self.wait_for_startup_cleanup().await;
 
+        if let Some(leaf) = opts.identifier_tree_leaf.as_deref()
+            && (!opts.recursive || !opts.base_dir.ends_with('/') || !super::is_identifier_tree_leaf(leaf))
+        {
+            return Err(DiskError::other("invalid identifier-tree walk options"));
+        }
+
         // Callers that do not pin a stall budget inherit the configured default, so
         // every local walk keeps a liveness bound even when the wrapper-level total
         // timeout is skipped.
@@ -15457,7 +15525,7 @@ impl DiskAPI for LocalDisk {
 
         let mut skip_current_dir_object = false;
         let mut multipart_dir_to_skip: HashSet<String> = HashSet::new();
-        if opts.base_dir.ends_with(SLASH_SEPARATOR) {
+        if opts.identifier_tree_leaf.is_none() && opts.base_dir.ends_with(SLASH_SEPARATOR) {
             if let Ok(data) = with_walk_stall_timeout(
                 stall,
                 self.read_listing_metadata(
@@ -19407,6 +19475,55 @@ mod test {
         }
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn identifier_tree_walk_filters_report_batches_and_bounds_depth() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create disk fixture");
+        let root = dir.path().join("catalog/prefix");
+        fs::create_dir_all(root.join("sales"))
+            .await
+            .expect("create identifier directory");
+        fs::create_dir_all(root.join("table-entry.json"))
+            .await
+            .expect("create selected leaf");
+        for index in 0..READ_DIR_BATCH_SIZE * 3 + 1 {
+            fs::create_dir(root.join(format!("report-{index}.json")))
+                .await
+                .expect("create report directory");
+        }
+        let mut names = read_identifier_tree_entries(&root, "table-entry.json", Some(Duration::from_secs(5)))
+            .await
+            .expect("all directory batches should be filtered");
+        names.sort();
+        assert_eq!(names, ["sales/", "table-entry.json/"]);
+
+        let endpoint = Endpoint::try_from(dir.path().to_str().expect("UTF-8 fixture path")).expect("valid endpoint");
+        let disk = LocalDisk::new(&endpoint, false).await.expect("create local disk");
+        let options = WalkDirOptions {
+            bucket: "catalog".to_string(),
+            base_dir: "prefix/".to_string(),
+            recursive: true,
+            identifier_tree_leaf: Some("table-entry.json".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let mut output = Vec::new();
+        let mut writer = MetacacheWriter::new(&mut output);
+        let mut count = 0;
+        let error = disk
+            .scan_dir(
+                format!("prefix/{}", "a/".repeat(513)),
+                String::new(),
+                &options,
+                &mut writer,
+                &mut count,
+                true,
+                None,
+            )
+            .await
+            .expect_err("excessive depth must fail before filesystem I/O");
+        assert!(error.to_string().contains("directory depth limit"));
+        assert_eq!(count, 0);
+    }
+
     // #4644: the stall budget bounds a single drive read, never the walk as a
     // whole. A walk that keeps making progress must survive even when the total
     // time spent blocked on a slow consumer dwarfs the stall timeout.

crates/ecstore/src/disk/local/delete_recovery.rs

@@ -7240,6 +7240,9 @@ mod tests {
     #[cfg(unix)]
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn delete_recovery_fused_prepare_checkpoint_reopens_before_head_publication() {
+        use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
+
+        let _mode = durability_mode_override::set(DurabilityMode::Strict);
         let (_temp, disk, mut first, _) = fixture().await;
         first.version_id = Some(Uuid::new_v4());
         let mut second = first.clone();
@@ -7263,12 +7266,25 @@ mod tests {
             let source = source_root.join(transaction.to_string());
             let destination = copy_root.join(transaction.to_string());
             std::fs::create_dir(&destination).expect("create checkpoint transaction");
-            std::fs::copy(source_root.join(STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE), copy_root.join(STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE))
-                .expect("capture head before publication");
+            let source_head = source_root.join(STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE);
+            let source_head_meta = std::fs::metadata(&source_head).expect("stat source head");
+            let copy_head = copy_root.join(STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE);
+            std::fs::copy(&source_head, &copy_head).expect("capture head before publication");
             for entry in std::fs::read_dir(source).expect("read published preparation") {
                 let entry = entry.expect("prepared file");
                 assert!(entry.file_type().expect("prepared file type").is_file());
-                std::fs::copy(entry.path(), destination.join(entry.file_name())).expect("capture prepared file");
+                let dst = destination.join(entry.file_name());
+                if entry.file_name() == STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE_BACKUP {
+                    let backup_meta = entry.metadata().expect("stat prepared backup");
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        (backup_meta.dev(), backup_meta.ino()),
+                        (source_head_meta.dev(), source_head_meta.ino()),
+                        "fused preparation must hardlink backup to live head"
+                    );
+                    std::fs::hard_link(&copy_head, &dst).expect("preserve hardlinked backup");
+                } else {
+                    std::fs::copy(entry.path(), dst).expect("capture prepared file");
+                }
             }
         });
         let opts = DeleteOptions {
@@ -7292,10 +7308,42 @@ mod tests {
             .await
             .expect("actual preparation checkpoint must remain recoverable");
         assert_eq!(inspection.state, DeleteRecoveryState::NewPrepared);
-        reopened
-            .settle_delete_transaction("recovery", "object", transaction, inspection.fingerprint, DeleteRecoveryAction::Rollback)
+        let reopened_tx = reopened
+            .io_get_object_path("recovery", &format!("object/{transaction}"))
+            .expect("reopened transaction path");
+        os::fsync_dir_recorder::set_failure(&reopened_tx, ErrorKind::Other);
+        assert!(
+            reopened
+                .settle_delete_transaction(
+                    "recovery",
+                    "object",
+                    transaction,
+                    inspection.fingerprint,
+                    DeleteRecoveryAction::Rollback
+                )
+                .await
+                .is_err(),
+            "failed transaction directory sync after backup removal must retain journal"
+        );
+        assert!(reopened_tx.join(PREPARED).is_file());
+        assert!(!reopened_tx.join(STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE_BACKUP).exists());
+        let retry_inspection = reopened
+            .delete_recovery_inspect("recovery", "object", transaction)
+            .await
+            .expect("inspect interrupted rollback");
+        assert_eq!(retry_inspection.state, DeleteRecoveryState::NewPrepared);
+        let settled = reopened
+            .settle_delete_transaction(
+                "recovery",
+                "object",
+                transaction,
+                retry_inspection.fingerprint,
+                DeleteRecoveryAction::Rollback,
+            )
             .await
             .expect("roll back interrupted preparation");
+        assert_eq!(settled.state, DeleteRecoveryState::Absent, "same-inode backup must not survive rollback");
+        assert!(!checkpoint_root.join(transaction.to_string()).exists());
         assert_eq!(
             fs::read(checkpoint_root.join(STORAGE_FORMAT_FILE))
                 .await

crates/ecstore/src/disk/mod.rs

@@ -2222,6 +2222,36 @@ pub struct WalkDirOptions {
     // Override the remote stream stall timeout for long background walks.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub stall_timeout_ms: Option<u64>,
+
+    /// Select this leaf below identifier-like directory components. The root is
+    /// `base_dir`; unrelated object metadata must not be read or returned.
+    /// Older peers ignore this additive field, so consumers must also filter.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub identifier_tree_leaf: Option<String>,
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn is_identifier_tree_component(value: &str) -> bool {
+    !value.is_empty()
+        && value
+            .bytes()
+            .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(byte, b'_' | b'-'))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn is_identifier_tree_leaf(value: &str) -> bool {
+    value.len() <= 255
+        && value.contains('.')
+        && !matches!(value, "." | "..")
+        && value
+            .bytes()
+            .all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(byte, b'_' | b'-' | b'.'))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn identifier_tree_leaf_matches(prefix: &str, leaf: &str, object: &str) -> bool {
+    let Some(relative) = object.strip_prefix(prefix) else {
+        return false;
+    };
+    let mut components = relative.split('/');
+    components.next_back() == Some(leaf) && components.all(is_identifier_tree_component)
 }
 
 impl WalkDirOptions {
@@ -3157,6 +3187,7 @@ mod tests {
             skip_total_timeout: false,
             timeout_ms: Some(10_000),
             stall_timeout_ms: Some(20_000),
+            identifier_tree_leaf: None,
         };
 
         assert_eq!(opts.bucket, "test-bucket");
@@ -3191,6 +3222,69 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!decoded.skip_hidden_prefix_check);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn identifier_tree_leaf_selection_preserves_nested_identifier_directories() {
+        let prefix = "catalog/namespaces/";
+        let leaf = "table-entry.json";
+        for relative in [
+            "sales/tables/orders/table-entry.json",
+            "sales/tables/orders/maintenance/tables/owner/table-entry.json",
+            "maintenance/tables/tables/table-entry.json",
+        ] {
+            assert!(identifier_tree_leaf_matches(prefix, leaf, &format!("{prefix}{relative}")));
+        }
+        for relative in [
+            "sales/tables/orders/not-table-entry.json",
+            "sales/tables/orders/table-entry.json/child",
+            "sales/report.json/tables/owner/table-entry.json",
+            "sales//tables/owner/table-entry.json",
+            "sales/../tables/owner/table-entry.json",
+        ] {
+            assert!(!identifier_tree_leaf_matches(prefix, leaf, &format!("{prefix}{relative}")));
+        }
+        assert!(!identifier_tree_leaf_matches(prefix, leaf, "other/sales/tables/orders/table-entry.json"));
+        assert!(is_identifier_tree_leaf(leaf));
+        for invalid in ["", ".", "..", "table-entry", "table/entry.json", "table\\entry.json"] {
+            assert!(!is_identifier_tree_leaf(invalid), "invalid selector {invalid}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn identifier_tree_walk_options_are_additive_on_json_and_messagepack_maps() {
+        #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
+        struct LegacyView {
+            bucket: String,
+            base_dir: String,
+            recursive: bool,
+        }
+        let options = WalkDirOptions {
+            bucket: "catalog".to_string(),
+            base_dir: "namespaces/".to_string(),
+            recursive: true,
+            identifier_tree_leaf: Some("table-entry.json".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let json = serde_json::to_vec(&options).expect("encode current HTTP options");
+        let messagepack = rmp_serde::to_vec_named(&options).expect("encode legacy RPC map");
+        for old in [
+            serde_json::from_slice::<LegacyView>(&json).expect("old JSON readers ignore the additive field"),
+            rmp_serde::from_slice::<LegacyView>(&messagepack).expect("old MessagePack readers ignore the additive field"),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(old.bucket, options.bucket);
+            assert_eq!(old.base_dir, options.base_dir);
+            assert!(old.recursive);
+        }
+        let mut old = serde_json::to_value(&options).expect("encode legacy options");
+        old.as_object_mut().expect("options are a map").remove("identifier_tree_leaf");
+        let from_json: WalkDirOptions = serde_json::from_value(old.clone()).expect("decode old HTTP options");
+        let from_messagepack: WalkDirOptions =
+            rmp_serde::from_slice(&rmp_serde::to_vec_named(&old).expect("encode old RPC map")).expect("decode old RPC map");
+        assert!(from_json.identifier_tree_leaf.is_none());
+        assert!(from_messagepack.identifier_tree_leaf.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(from_json.base_dir, options.base_dir);
+        assert_eq!(from_messagepack.base_dir, options.base_dir);
+    }
+
     /// Test DeleteOptions structure
     #[test]
     fn test_delete_options() {

crates/ecstore/src/services/rebalance/control.rs

@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ impl ECStore {
         #[cfg(test)]
         crate::core::pools::observe_pool_activation_start_attempt(crate::core::pools::PoolActivationStartKind::Rebalance);
         let fleet_proof = acquire_pool_activation_fleet_proof(&self.ctx).await?;
-        let mut pool_meta_guard = self.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+        let mut pool_meta_guard = self.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
         pool_meta_guard.ensure_write_safe(stage)?;
         let activation_fence = acquire_pool_rebalance_activation_locks(pool.clone(), fleet_proof).await?;
         let pool_meta = self
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ impl ECStore {
     {
         // Lock order: pool_meta_save_gate -> rebalance.bin -> pool.bin. These
         // shared fences admit a peer without waiting for the run's own entries.
-        let mut pool_meta_guard = self.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+        let mut pool_meta_guard = self.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
         pool_meta_guard.ensure_write_safe("rebalance worker activation")?;
         let mut worker_fence = acquire_pool_rebalance_worker_locks(pool.clone()).await?;
         let pool_meta = self
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ impl ECStore {
     {
         // The admission read fences must already be dropped. Reacquire in the
         // original order and revalidate every durable boundary across that gap.
-        let mut pool_meta_guard = self.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+        let mut pool_meta_guard = self.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
         pool_meta_guard.ensure_write_safe("rebalance worker metadata update")?;
         let mut activation_fence = acquire_pool_rebalance_activation_locks(pool.clone(), None).await?;
         let pool_meta = self
@@ -1714,7 +1714,7 @@ mod tests {
         persist_pool_meta_identity_for_startup(store.pools.clone(), &mut write_state, true)
             .await
             .expect("initialized pool metadata identity should persist");
-        *store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await = write_state;
+        *store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await = write_state;
         // Simulate physical loss; raw deletion of authoritative pool.bin is
         // deliberately rejected by the native metadata mutation guard.
         for pool in &store.pools {

crates/ecstore/src/services/rebalance/mod.rs

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub async fn test_store_with_persisted_rebalance_meta(
         rebalance_meta: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(Some(meta)),
         decommission_cancelers: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(vec![None]),
         start_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(()),
-        pool_meta_save_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::default(),
+        pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
         ctx,
         bucket_fence_registry: std::sync::Arc::default(),
     });
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ async fn test_pool_stores_with_contexts(
             rebalance_meta: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(rebalance_meta.clone()),
             decommission_cancelers: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(vec![None; pool_count]),
             start_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(pool_meta_write_state.independent_clone_for_test()),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::new(pool_meta_write_state.independent_clone_for_test()),
             ctx: store_ctx,
             bucket_fence_registry: std::sync::Arc::default(),
         })

crates/ecstore/src/services/rebalance/rebalance_unit_tests.rs

@@ -3412,7 +3412,7 @@ fn test_store_with_rebalance_meta(meta: RebalanceMeta) -> Arc<crate::store::ECSt
         rebalance_meta: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(Some(meta)),
         decommission_cancelers: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
         start_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(()),
-        pool_meta_save_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::default(),
+        pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
         ctx: crate::runtime::instance::bootstrap_ctx(),
         bucket_fence_registry: std::sync::Arc::default(),
     })

crates/ecstore/src/store/heal.rs

@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ impl ECStore {
     async fn acquire_heal_format_fence(
         &self,
     ) -> Result<(
-        tokio::sync::MutexGuard<'_, PoolMetaWriteState>,
+        crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGateWriteGuard<'_>,
         NamespaceLockGuard,
         NamespaceLockGuard,
         PoolMeta,
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ impl ECStore {
             .first()
             .cloned()
             .ok_or_else(|| Error::other("heal format requires at least one storage pool"))?;
-        let mut write_state = self.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+        let mut write_state = self.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
         write_state.ensure_write_safe("heal format fence failed")?;
 
         // Metadata fence order is part of the decommission/rebalance protocol:
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ impl ECStore {
     pub(super) async fn handle_heal_bucket(&self, bucket: &str, opts: &HealOpts) -> Result<HealResultItem> {
         let movement_gate = self.ctx.data_movement_operation_gate();
         let _movement_guard = movement_gate.read().await;
-        let save_guard = self.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+        let save_guard = self.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
         save_guard.ensure_write_safe("bucket heal cannot run while pool metadata requires recovery")?;
         let mut fenced_pools = BTreeSet::new();
         {
@@ -2527,7 +2527,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
             start_gate: Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex::default(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
             ctx: crate::runtime::instance::bootstrap_ctx(),
             bucket_fence_registry: std::sync::Arc::default(),
         }
@@ -3550,10 +3550,14 @@ mod tests {
     async fn full_format_heal_preblocked_pool_metadata_never_writes_format() {
         let (temp_dir, store, shutdown) = multi_pool_heal_store().await;
         remove_heal_test_format(&temp_dir, &store, 0, 3).await;
-        store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await.observe_replicas(PoolMetaReplicaState {
-            needs_repair: true,
-            repair_write_safe: false,
-        });
+        store
+            .pool_meta_save_gate
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .observe_replicas(PoolMetaReplicaState {
+                needs_repair: true,
+                repair_write_safe: false,
+            });
 
         let err = store
             .handle_heal_format(false)
@@ -3688,7 +3692,7 @@ mod tests {
         let target = remove_heal_test_format(&temp_dir, &store, 0, 3).await;
         store.pools[0].disk_set[0].disks.write().await[3] = None;
         let barrier = HealFormatAfterSaveBarrier::install(&store.pools[0], 3);
-        let recovery_latch = store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await.aborted_transaction_latch_for_test();
+        let recovery_latch = store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await.aborted_transaction_latch_for_test();
         let mut heal = tokio::spawn({
             let store = Arc::clone(&store);
             async move { store.handle_heal_format(false).await }
@@ -3848,7 +3852,7 @@ mod tests {
             }
         }
         let endpoints: EndpointServerPools = pools.iter().map(|pool| pool.endpoints.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>().into();
-        let state = source.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await.independent_clone_for_test();
+        let state = source.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await.independent_clone_for_test();
         Arc::new(ECStore {
             id: Uuid::new_v4(),
             disk_map: Default::default(),
@@ -3858,7 +3862,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: tokio::sync::RwLock::new(vec![None; 2]),
             start_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(state),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::new(state),
             ctx: Arc::clone(&source.ctx),
             bucket_fence_registry: Arc::default(),
         })
@@ -4040,7 +4044,7 @@ mod tests {
         let missing = remove_pool_meta_shard(&store, 0).await;
         let (guard, admissions, mut state) = store.acquire_pool_meta_object_heal_fence(&[0]).await.expect("heal authority");
         assert!(admissions.into_iter().all(|admission| admission.is_ok()));
-        assert!(store.pool_meta_save_gate.try_lock().is_err(), "heal must retain the earlier save gate");
+        assert!(store.pool_meta_save_gate.try_write().is_err(), "heal must retain the earlier save gate");
         let writer_store = Arc::clone(&store);
         let writer = tokio::spawn(async move { writer_store.save_current_pool_meta_for_test(&[0]).await });
         tokio::task::yield_now().await;
@@ -4687,10 +4691,14 @@ mod tests {
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn bucket_heal_blocks_before_dispatch_after_unreadable_pool_meta_replica() {
         let store = minimal_heal_store().await;
-        store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await.observe_replicas(PoolMetaReplicaState {
-            needs_repair: true,
-            repair_write_safe: false,
-        });
+        store
+            .pool_meta_save_gate
+            .write()
+            .await
+            .observe_replicas(PoolMetaReplicaState {
+                needs_repair: true,
+                repair_write_safe: false,
+            });
 
         let err = store
             .handle_heal_bucket("bucket", &HealOpts::default())
@@ -4724,7 +4732,7 @@ mod tests {
             .await
             .expect("peer dispatch should start");
         assert!(
-            store.pool_meta_save_gate.try_lock().is_ok(),
+            store.pool_meta_save_gate.try_write().is_ok(),
             "coordinator must release its local save gate before waiting for peers"
         );
         assert!(
@@ -5116,7 +5124,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
             start_gate: Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex::default(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
             ctx: crate::runtime::instance::bootstrap_ctx(),
             bucket_fence_registry: std::sync::Arc::default(),
         };
@@ -5136,7 +5144,7 @@ mod tests {
             .save_for_startup(store.pools.clone())
             .await
             .expect("pool metadata should be persisted before format heal");
-        *store.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await = PoolMetaWriteState::default();
+        *store.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await = crate::core::pools::PoolMetaWriteState::default();
 
         let replacement_endpoint = store.pools[1].endpoints.endpoints.as_ref()[2].clone();
         tokio::fs::remove_file(

crates/ecstore/src/store/init.rs

@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ impl ECStore {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers,
             start_gate: Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex::new(pool_meta_write_state),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::new(pool_meta_write_state),
             // Adopt the caller's context (the process bootstrap one on the
             // legacy path) so startup writes (erasure type recorded before
             // this point) and later reads share one cell.
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ impl ECStore {
         // Lock order is save gate -> distributed metadata writer, matching
         // runtime mutations. RPC locks are available before ECStore publication
         // and do not depend on the later fleet proof.
-        let mut startup_write_state = self.pool_meta_save_gate.lock().await;
+        let mut startup_write_state = self.pool_meta_save_gate.write().await;
         let startup_pool_meta_guard = if should_persist_pool_meta {
             let pool = self
                 .pools

crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs

@@ -127,28 +127,30 @@ impl AuthoritativeListOperations for ECStore {
         marker: Option<String>,
         max_keys: i32,
     ) -> Result<ListObjectVersionsInfo> {
-        if max_keys <= 0 || max_keys > MAX_OBJECT_LIST {
+        self.list_unversioned_authoritative_page(bucket, prefix, marker, max_keys, None)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    async fn list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(
+        self: Arc<Self>,
+        bucket: &str,
+        prefix: &str,
+        leaf: &str,
+        marker: Option<String>,
+        max_keys: i32,
+    ) -> Result<ListObjectVersionsInfo> {
+        let valid_prefix = prefix
+            .strip_suffix('/')
+            .is_some_and(|root| !root.is_empty() && root.split('/').all(|part| !part.is_empty() && !matches!(part, "." | "..")));
+        if !valid_prefix || !crate::disk::is_identifier_tree_leaf(leaf) {
             return Err(StorageError::InvalidArgument(
                 bucket.to_string(),
                 prefix.to_string(),
-                "authoritative page size is out of range".to_string(),
+                "identifier-tree listing requires a directory prefix and a dotted leaf name".to_string(),
             ));
         }
-        let opts = ListPathOptions {
-            bucket: bucket.to_string(),
-            prefix: prefix.to_string(),
-            marker: marker.clone(),
-            limit: max_keys,
-            recursive: true,
-            incl_deleted: true,
-            versioned: true,
-            authoritative: true,
-            caller: ListObjectsGatherCaller::S3ListVersions,
-            ..Default::default()
-        };
-        let mut page = self.list_path(&opts).await?;
-        page.entries.forward_past(marker);
-        unversioned_authoritative_page(bucket, page)
+        self.list_unversioned_authoritative_page(bucket, prefix, marker, max_keys, Some(leaf.to_string()))
+            .await
     }
 
     async fn walk_authoritative(
@@ -436,6 +438,8 @@ pub struct ListPathOptions {
     // Internal bounded pages require GET-equivalent per-set resolution.
     pub authoritative: bool,
 
+    pub identifier_tree_leaf: Option<String>,
+
     pub stop_disk_at_limit: bool,
 
     pub pool_idx: Option<usize>,
@@ -1101,6 +1105,39 @@ impl ListPathOptions {
 }
 
 impl ECStore {
+    async fn list_unversioned_authoritative_page(
+        self: Arc<Self>,
+        bucket: &str,
+        prefix: &str,
+        marker: Option<String>,
+        max_keys: i32,
+        identifier_tree_leaf: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<ListObjectVersionsInfo> {
+        if max_keys <= 0 || max_keys > MAX_OBJECT_LIST {
+            return Err(StorageError::InvalidArgument(
+                bucket.to_string(),
+                prefix.to_string(),
+                "authoritative page size is out of range".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+        let opts = ListPathOptions {
+            bucket: bucket.to_string(),
+            prefix: prefix.to_string(),
+            marker: marker.clone(),
+            limit: max_keys,
+            recursive: true,
+            incl_deleted: true,
+            versioned: true,
+            authoritative: true,
+            identifier_tree_leaf,
+            caller: ListObjectsGatherCaller::S3ListVersions,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let mut page = self.list_path(&opts).await?;
+        page.entries.forward_past(marker);
+        unversioned_authoritative_page(bucket, page)
+    }
+
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     // @continuation_token marker
     // @start_after as marker when continuation_token empty
@@ -2936,6 +2973,33 @@ impl SetDisks {
         Ok(page)
     }
 
+    fn resolve_authoritative_listed_entry(
+        bucket: &str,
+        selection: Option<(&str, &str)>,
+        entries: MetaCacheEntries,
+        errors: &[Option<DiskError>],
+        disk_count: usize,
+        parity: usize,
+    ) -> crate::disk::error::Result<Option<MetaCacheEntry>> {
+        if disk_count == 0 || entries.0.len() > disk_count || entries.0.len() != errors.len() {
+            return Err(DiskError::ErasureReadQuorum);
+        }
+        // An old peer may ignore the optional disk selector. Its noncandidate
+        // rows must be ignored before metadata parsing. Selected keys retain
+        // the original resolver and all of its quorum/corruption checks.
+        if selection.is_some_and(|(prefix, leaf)| {
+            entries
+                .0
+                .iter()
+                .flatten()
+                .next()
+                .is_some_and(|entry| !crate::disk::identifier_tree_leaf_matches(prefix, leaf, &entry.name))
+        }) {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        Self::resolve_listed_versions(bucket, entries, errors, disk_count, parity)
+    }
+
     /// Version scan for set-scoped callers that act on absence: set walks
     /// (tier reference proofs, tier-delete journals, pool maintenance) and the
     /// recursive prefix-delete scan. Every online drive is read and each
@@ -2959,6 +3023,8 @@ impl SetDisks {
         let first_error = Arc::new(tokio::sync::Mutex::new(None));
         let error_sink = Arc::clone(&first_error);
         let bucket = opts.bucket.clone();
+        let prefix = opts.prefix.clone();
+        let identifier_tree_leaf = opts.identifier_tree_leaf.clone();
         let cancel = rx.clone();
         let result = list_path_raw_with_claim_tracker(
             rx,
@@ -2976,6 +3042,7 @@ impl SetDisks {
                 forward_to: opts.marker,
                 min_disks: read_quorum,
                 preserve_replica_metadata: true,
+                identifier_tree_leaf: opts.identifier_tree_leaf,
                 // A reader's local page may be consumed by stale entries. Only
                 // the resolved, merged page may stop the authoritative walk.
                 per_disk_limit: 0,
@@ -2983,7 +3050,14 @@ impl SetDisks {
                 walkdir_timeout: opts.walkdir_timeout,
                 walkdir_stall_timeout: opts.walkdir_stall_timeout,
                 partial: Some(Box::new(move |entries, errors| {
-                    let resolved = Self::resolve_listed_versions(&bucket, entries, errors, disk_count, parity);
+                    let resolved = Self::resolve_authoritative_listed_entry(
+                        &bucket,
+                        identifier_tree_leaf.as_deref().map(|leaf| (prefix.as_str(), leaf)),
+                        entries,
+                        errors,
+                        disk_count,
+                        parity,
+                    );
                     let sender = sender.clone();
                     let cancel = cancel.clone();
                     let first_error = Arc::clone(&error_sink);
@@ -6997,6 +7071,155 @@ mod test {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn authoritative_identifier_tree_filters_old_peer_rows_before_metadata_resolution() {
+        let prefix = "table-catalog/namespaces/";
+        let leaf = "table-entry.json";
+        let corrupt = |name: &str| {
+            MetaCacheEntries(vec![
+                Some(MetaCacheEntry {
+                    name: format!("{prefix}{name}"),
+                    metadata: b"corrupt metadata".to_vec(),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                });
+                4
+            ])
+        };
+        let report = "sales/tables/orders/maintenance/hash/jobs/job.json";
+        let errors = vec![None; 4];
+        assert!(
+            SetDisks::resolve_authoritative_listed_entry(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, None, corrupt(report), &errors, 4, 2,).is_err(),
+            "the control must actually parse and reject the corrupt metadata"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            SetDisks::resolve_authoritative_listed_entry(
+                RUSTFS_META_BUCKET,
+                Some((prefix, leaf)),
+                corrupt(report),
+                &errors,
+                4,
+                2,
+            )
+            .expect("an old peer's unrelated report is outside the selected scan")
+            .is_none()
+        );
+        assert!(
+            SetDisks::resolve_authoritative_listed_entry(
+                RUSTFS_META_BUCKET,
+                Some((prefix, leaf)),
+                corrupt("sales/tables/orders/maintenance/tables/owner/table-entry.json"),
+                &errors,
+                4,
+                2,
+            )
+            .is_err(),
+            "a matching nested owner must still fail closed on corruption"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn authoritative_identifier_tree_pages_preserve_nested_owners_and_read_quorum() {
+        let (dirs, store) = single_set_store(4).await;
+        let prefix = "table-catalog/identifier-tree/";
+        let leaf = "table-entry.json";
+        for (root, selected) in [
+            ("table-catalog/identifier-tree", leaf),
+            (prefix, "../entry.json"),
+            (prefix, "table-entry"),
+        ] {
+            assert!(matches!(
+                store
+                    .clone()
+                    .list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, root, selected, None, 2)
+                    .await,
+                Err(StorageError::InvalidArgument(..))
+            ));
+        }
+        let names = [
+            format!("{prefix}a/tables/first/{leaf}"),
+            format!("{prefix}sales/tables/orders/maintenance/tables/owner/{leaf}"),
+            format!("{prefix}z/tables/last/{leaf}"),
+        ];
+        for name in &names {
+            write_version_replicas(&dirs, RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, name, |slot| Some(unversioned_catalog_metadata(name, slot))).await;
+        }
+        for name in [
+            format!("{prefix}sales"),
+            format!("{prefix}sales/tables/orders/maintenance/hash/jobs/job.json"),
+        ] {
+            write_version_replicas(&dirs, RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &name, |_| Some(b"corrupt noncandidate metadata".to_vec())).await;
+        }
+        assert!(
+            store
+                .clone()
+                .list_unversioned_objects_authoritative(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, prefix, None, 100)
+                .await
+                .is_err(),
+            "the ordinary authoritative scan must expose the corrupt control objects"
+        );
+        let first = store
+            .clone()
+            .list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, prefix, leaf, None, 2)
+            .await
+            .expect("noncandidate metadata must not be read");
+        assert!(first.is_truncated);
+        assert_eq!(
+            first.objects.iter().map(|object| &object.name).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            names[..2].iter().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        );
+        let second = store
+            .clone()
+            .list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, prefix, leaf, first.next_marker, 2)
+            .await
+            .expect("the next page must retain the final owner");
+        assert!(!second.is_truncated);
+        assert_eq!(second.objects.iter().map(|object| &object.name).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![&names[2]]);
+
+        write_version_replicas(&dirs, RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &names[0], |_| Some(b"corrupt selected metadata".to_vec())).await;
+        assert!(
+            store
+                .clone()
+                .list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, prefix, leaf, None, 2)
+                .await
+                .is_err(),
+            "corruption at a selected key cannot be skipped to fill the page"
+        );
+        write_version_replicas(&dirs, RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &names[0], |slot| {
+            Some(unversioned_catalog_metadata(&names[0], slot))
+        })
+        .await;
+        write_version_replicas(&dirs, RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &names[0], |slot| {
+            Some(versioned_object_metadata(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &names[0], &[(2, 1_700_000_002)], slot).to_vec())
+        })
+        .await;
+        assert!(
+            store
+                .clone()
+                .list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, prefix, leaf, None, 2)
+                .await
+                .is_err(),
+            "a versioned ownership entry cannot be accepted as an unversioned proof"
+        );
+        write_version_replicas(&dirs, RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &names[0], |slot| {
+            Some(unversioned_catalog_metadata(&names[0], slot))
+        })
+        .await;
+        let set = &store.pools[0].disk_set[0];
+        for disk in set.disks.write().await.iter_mut().skip(1) {
+            *disk = None;
+        }
+        assert!(
+            matches!(
+                store
+                    .clone()
+                    .list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, prefix, leaf, None, 2)
+                    .await,
+                Err(StorageError::ErasureReadQuorum)
+            ),
+            "unavailable replicas cannot prove owner absence"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn authoritative_store_walk_includes_reserved_prefix_versions() {
         let bucket = "catalog-cleanup-versions";

crates/ecstore/src/store/mod.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use crate::bucket::utils::check_put_object_part_args;
 use crate::bucket::utils::{check_valid_bucket_name, check_valid_bucket_name_strict, is_meta_bucketname};
 use crate::cluster::rpc::{RemoteClient, S3PeerSys};
 use crate::config::storageclass;
-use crate::core::pools::{DecommissionCanceler, PoolMeta, PoolMetaWriteState};
+use crate::core::pools::{DecommissionCanceler, PoolMeta, PoolMetaSaveGate};
 use crate::disk::endpoint::{Endpoint, EndpointType};
 use crate::disk::{DiskAPI, DiskInfo, DiskInfoOptions};
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
@@ -480,9 +480,13 @@ pub struct ECStore {
     /// Serializes full-document pool metadata saves and retains a fail-closed
     /// write block after startup observes an unreadable replica.
     ///
+    /// Immutable admission proofs share authority; publication, recovery and
+    /// authority changes retain exclusive access through their existing I/O.
+    /// Each writer publishes its final state on release, and health
+    /// inspection reads that committed state without acquiring the gate.
     /// Lock order: acquire `pool_meta_save_gate`, then the distributed
     /// `pool.bin` fence, then clone `pool_meta` under a short read lock.
-    pub(crate) pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex<PoolMetaWriteState>,
+    pub(crate) pool_meta_save_gate: PoolMetaSaveGate,
     /// Per-instance runtime state (Phase 5, backlog#939).
     ///
     /// Carries this instance's identity/runtime out of the process globals so
@@ -555,7 +559,6 @@ impl Default for ScannerDataMovementPauseStatus {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize)]
 pub struct PoolMetaWriteGateStatus {
     pub writes_ready: bool,
-    pub check_timed_out: bool,
     pub write_blocked: bool,
     pub transaction_aborted: bool,
     pub pool_meta_absent: bool,
@@ -571,7 +574,6 @@ impl Default for PoolMetaWriteGateStatus {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             writes_ready: true,
-            check_timed_out: false,
             write_blocked: false,
             transaction_aborted: false,
             pool_meta_absent: false,
@@ -1936,7 +1938,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
             start_gate: Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex::default(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
             ctx,
             bucket_fence_registry: Arc::default(),
         };
@@ -2011,7 +2013,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
             start_gate: Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex::default(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
             ctx,
             bucket_fence_registry: Arc::default(),
         })

crates/ecstore/src/store/multipart.rs

@@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
             start_gate: Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex::default(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
             ctx: crate::runtime::instance::bootstrap_ctx(),
             bucket_fence_registry: std::sync::Arc::default(),
         }

crates/ecstore/src/store/object.rs

@@ -10003,7 +10003,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
             start_gate: Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex::default(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
             ctx: crate::runtime::instance::bootstrap_ctx(),
             bucket_fence_registry: std::sync::Arc::default(),
         }
@@ -10095,7 +10095,7 @@ mod tests {
             rebalance_meta: RwLock::new(None),
             decommission_cancelers: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
             start_gate: Mutex::new(()),
-            pool_meta_save_gate: Mutex::default(),
+            pool_meta_save_gate: crate::core::pools::PoolMetaSaveGate::default(),
             ctx,
             bucket_fence_registry: std::sync::Arc::default(),
         }

crates/s3select-api/Cargo.toml

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ async-compression = { workspace = true, features = ["tokio", "gzip", "bzip2"] }
 async-trait.workspace = true
 arc-swap.workspace = true
 bytes = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
+base64-simd.workspace = true
+flatbuffers.workspace = true
 chrono = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
 crc-fast.workspace = true
 rustfs-common.workspace = true
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ futures-core = { workspace = true }
 flate2.workspace = true
 brotli.workspace = true
 lz4.workspace = true
+lz4_flex.workspace = true
 http.workspace = true
 memchr.workspace = true
 s3s = { workspace = true, features = ["minio"] }

crates/s3select-api/src/parquet_budget.rs

@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ struct ThriftCompactCursor<'a> {
     remaining: usize,
 }
 
-impl ThriftCompactCursor<'_> {
+impl<'a> ThriftCompactCursor<'a> {
     fn error() -> ParquetBudgetError {
         ParquetBudgetError::Invalid("Parquet thrift metadata is malformed".to_owned())
     }
@@ -241,6 +241,14 @@ impl ThriftCompactCursor<'_> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    fn binary(&mut self) -> Result<&'a [u8]> {
+        let len = usize::try_from(self.varint()?).map_err(|_| Self::error())?;
+        self.charge(len.checked_mul(2).ok_or_else(budget_error)?)?;
+        let start = self.pos;
+        self.skip_bytes(len)?;
+        Ok(&self.bytes[start..self.pos])
+    }
+
     fn varint(&mut self) -> Result<u64> {
         let mut value = 0_u64;
         for shift in (0..64).step_by(7) {
@@ -335,11 +343,7 @@ impl ThriftCompactCursor<'_> {
             THRIFT_COMPACT_BYTE => self.skip_bytes(1),
             THRIFT_COMPACT_I16 | THRIFT_COMPACT_I32 | THRIFT_COMPACT_I64 => self.varint().map(drop),
             THRIFT_COMPACT_DOUBLE => self.skip_bytes(8),
-            THRIFT_COMPACT_BINARY => {
-                let len = usize::try_from(self.varint()?).map_err(|_| Self::error())?;
-                self.charge(len.checked_mul(2).ok_or_else(budget_error)?)?;
-                self.skip_bytes(len)
-            }
+            THRIFT_COMPACT_BINARY => self.binary().map(drop),
             THRIFT_COMPACT_LIST | THRIFT_COMPACT_SET => {
                 let (element, count) = self.list_header()?;
                 for _ in 0..count {
@@ -586,21 +590,98 @@ impl ThriftCompactCursor<'_> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    fn arrow_schema_metadata(&mut self) -> Result<Option<&'a [u8]>> {
+        let (element, count) = self.list_header()?;
+        if element != THRIFT_COMPACT_STRUCT {
+            return Err(Self::error());
+        }
+        let mut arrow_schema = None;
+        for _ in 0..count {
+            let mut field = 0;
+            let mut key = None;
+            let mut value = None;
+            loop {
+                let header = self.byte()?;
+                if header == THRIFT_COMPACT_STOP {
+                    break;
+                }
+                field = self.field_id(field, header)?;
+                let kind = header & 0x0f;
+                if matches!(field, 1 | 2) && kind == THRIFT_COMPACT_BINARY {
+                    let bytes = self.binary()?;
+                    if field == 1 {
+                        key = Some(bytes);
+                    } else {
+                        value = Some(bytes);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    self.skip_field(MetadataStruct::KeyValue, field, kind, 1)?;
+                }
+            }
+            // Match the reader's last key with a value; absent values are ignored.
+            if key == Some(b"ARROW:schema".as_slice()) && value.is_some() {
+                arrow_schema = value;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(arrow_schema)
+    }
+
+    fn validate_arrow_schema(&mut self, encoded: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        use datafusion::arrow::ipc;
+        let invalid = || ParquetBudgetError::Invalid("Parquet Arrow schema metadata is malformed".to_owned());
+        // This reservation precedes base64 allocation. The binary field has
+        // already reserved its owned metadata copies; decoding needs another buffer.
+        self.charge(encoded.len())?;
+        let bytes = base64_simd::STANDARD.decode_to_vec(encoded).map_err(|_| invalid())?;
+        let message = if bytes.len() > 8 && bytes.starts_with(&[255; 4]) {
+            &bytes[8..]
+        } else {
+            bytes.as_slice()
+        };
+        // The verifier visits shared offsets for every occurrence, before the
+        // reader expands them into owned fields and metadata. Split the remaining
+        // allowance between string/buffer copies and per-table Rust containers:
+        // four owned copies per apparent byte and 1 KiB per visited table.
+        let defaults = flatbuffers::VerifierOptions::default();
+        let options = flatbuffers::VerifierOptions {
+            max_apparent_size: defaults.max_apparent_size.min(self.remaining / 8),
+            max_tables: defaults.max_tables.min(self.remaining / (2 * 1024)),
+            ..defaults
+        };
+        let message = ipc::root_as_message_with_opts(&options, message).map_err(|error| match error {
+            flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer::TooManyTables
+            | flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer::ApparentSizeTooLarge
+            | flatbuffers::InvalidFlatbuffer::DepthLimitReached => budget_error(),
+            _ => invalid(),
+        })?;
+        let schema = message.header_as_schema().ok_or_else(invalid)?;
+        if schema.fields().is_none() {
+            return Err(invalid());
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Walk the footer's `FileMetaData`. The pinned parquet reserves the
     /// declared `row_groups` capacity before reading one element; charge that
     /// reservation to the budget so a small footer cannot request gigabytes.
     fn file_metadata(&mut self, limit: usize) -> Result<()> {
         let mut field_id = 0_i16;
         let mut reserved = 0_usize;
+        let mut arrow_schema = None;
         loop {
             let header = self.byte()?;
             if header == THRIFT_COMPACT_STOP {
+                if let Some(encoded) = arrow_schema {
+                    self.validate_arrow_schema(encoded)?;
+                }
                 return Ok(());
             }
             let kind = header & 0x0f;
             field_id = self.field_id(field_id, header)?;
             if field_id == 2 && kind == THRIFT_COMPACT_LIST {
                 self.schema()?;
+            } else if field_id == 5 && kind == THRIFT_COMPACT_LIST {
+                arrow_schema = self.arrow_schema_metadata()?;
             } else if field_id == FILE_METADATA_FIELD_ROW_GROUPS && kind == THRIFT_COMPACT_LIST {
                 let (element, count) = self.list_header()?;
                 if element != THRIFT_COMPACT_STRUCT {
@@ -760,21 +841,34 @@ fn validate_compressed_page(payload: &[u8], sizes: PageHeaderSizes, codec: Compr
             bounded_stream_size(brotli::Decompressor::new(payload, 4096), expanded)?;
             Ok(window)
         }
-        Compression::LZ4 if payload.starts_with(&[4, 34, 77, 24]) => {
-            let descriptor = *payload.get(5).ok_or_else(ThriftCompactCursor::error)?;
-            let block = match (descriptor >> 4) & 7 {
-                4 => 64 * 1024,
-                5 => 256 * 1024,
-                6 => 1024 * 1024,
-                7 => 4 * 1024 * 1024,
-                _ => return Err(ThriftCompactCursor::error()),
+        Compression::LZ4 if payload.starts_with(&[4, 34, 77, 24]) || payload.starts_with(&[2, 33, 76, 24]) => {
+            let (block, linked) = if payload.starts_with(&[2, 33, 76, 24]) {
+                (8 * 1024 * 1024, false)
+            } else {
+                let descriptor = *payload.get(5).ok_or_else(ThriftCompactCursor::error)?;
+                let block = match (descriptor >> 4) & 7 {
+                    4 => 64 * 1024,
+                    5 => 256 * 1024,
+                    6 => 1024 * 1024,
+                    7 => 4 * 1024 * 1024,
+                    _ => return Err(ThriftCompactCursor::error()),
+                };
+                (block, payload[4] & 0x20 == 0)
             };
-            let working = block * 2;
+            // Match parquet's pinned fallback decoder: compressed input plus
+            // output, with an extra output block and 64 KiB history when linked.
+            let working = if linked { block * 3 + 64 * 1024 } else { block * 2 };
             if working > limit {
                 return Err(budget_error());
             }
-            bounded_stream_size(lz4::Decoder::new(payload)?, expanded)?;
-            Ok(working)
+            match bounded_stream_size(lz4_flex::frame::FrameDecoder::new(payload), expanded) {
+                // Hadoop data can share the magic prefix, and parquet also
+                // tries bounded RAW decoding after a frame error. The bounded
+                // sink proved the frame produced no more than `expanded` bytes
+                // before that error; let the actual reader select its fallback.
+                Err(ParquetBudgetError::Codec(_)) => Ok(working),
+                result => result.map(|()| working),
+            }
         }
         _ => Ok(0),
     }
@@ -851,6 +945,49 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(validate_compressed_page(&payload, compressed_page(&payload, 64), Compression::LZ4, 1024 * 1024).is_err());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_lz4_scratch_is_admitted_before_the_fallback_decoder() {
+        let payload = [2, 33, 76, 24, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0x40, 42, 0, 0, 0];
+        let header = compressed_page(&payload, 4);
+        assert!(matches!(
+            validate_compressed_page(&payload, header, Compression::LZ4, 1024 * 1024),
+            Err(ParquetBudgetError::Exceeded)
+        ));
+        let admitted = validate_compressed_page(&payload, header, Compression::LZ4, 32 * 1024 * 1024)
+            .expect("legacy LZ4 remains supported with enough scratch memory");
+        assert!(admitted >= 16 * 1024 * 1024);
+        assert!(validate_compressed_page(&payload, compressed_page(&payload, 1), Compression::LZ4, 32 * 1024 * 1024).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hadoop_lz4_can_share_the_legacy_magic_without_becoming_a_frame() {
+        let size = usize::try_from(u32::from_be_bytes([2, 33, 76, 24])).expect("Hadoop size");
+        let bytes = vec![b'x'; size];
+        let block = lz4_flex::block::compress(&bytes);
+        let mut payload = vec![2, 33, 76, 24];
+        payload.extend(u32::try_from(block.len()).expect("compressed block").to_be_bytes());
+        payload.extend(block);
+        validate_compressed_page(&payload, compressed_page(&payload, size), Compression::LZ4, 64 * 1024 * 1024)
+            .expect("Hadoop framing takes priority over the frame fallback");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn linked_lz4_accounts_for_the_history_and_both_block_buffers() {
+        use lz4_flex::frame::{BlockMode, BlockSize, FrameEncoder, FrameInfo};
+        let frame = FrameInfo::new().block_mode(BlockMode::Linked).block_size(BlockSize::Max64KB);
+        let mut encoder = FrameEncoder::with_frame_info(frame, Vec::new());
+        encoder.write_all(&vec![b'x'; 256 * 1024]).expect("linked input");
+        let payload = encoder.finish().expect("linked frame");
+        let header = compressed_page(&payload, 256 * 1024);
+        assert!(matches!(
+            validate_compressed_page(&payload, header, Compression::LZ4, 192 * 1024),
+            Err(ParquetBudgetError::Exceeded)
+        ));
+        let admitted = validate_compressed_page(&payload, header, Compression::LZ4, 1024 * 1024)
+            .expect("linked frame with enough scratch memory");
+        assert!(admitted >= 256 * 1024);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn uncompressed_v2_does_not_invoke_the_column_codec() {
         let payload = b"levels-and-uncompressed-values";
@@ -941,6 +1078,170 @@ mod tests {
         validate_file_footer(&bytes, 1024 * 1024).expect("valid logical annotations remain accepted");
     }
 
+    fn shared_arrow_metadata_file(entries: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+        use datafusion::{
+            arrow::ipc,
+            parquet::{
+                file::{properties::WriterProperties, writer::SerializedFileWriter},
+                schema::parser::parse_message_type,
+            },
+        };
+        use std::sync::Arc;
+        let mut builder = flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder::new();
+        let name = builder.create_string("v");
+        let value = builder.create_string(&"x".repeat(64 * 1024));
+        let data_type = ipc::Int::create(
+            &mut builder,
+            &ipc::IntArgs {
+                bitWidth: 32,
+                is_signed: true,
+            },
+        );
+        let field = ipc::Field::create(
+            &mut builder,
+            &ipc::FieldArgs {
+                name: Some(name),
+                nullable: true,
+                type_type: ipc::Type::Int,
+                type_: Some(data_type.as_union_value()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        let fields = builder.create_vector(&[field]);
+        let mut metadata = Vec::new();
+        for n in 0..entries {
+            let key = builder.create_string(&format!("key-{n}"));
+            metadata.push(ipc::KeyValue::create(
+                &mut builder,
+                &ipc::KeyValueArgs {
+                    key: Some(key),
+                    value: Some(value),
+                },
+            ));
+        }
+        let metadata = builder.create_vector(&metadata);
+        let schema = ipc::Schema::create(
+            &mut builder,
+            &ipc::SchemaArgs {
+                fields: Some(fields),
+                custom_metadata: Some(metadata),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        let message = ipc::Message::create(
+            &mut builder,
+            &ipc::MessageArgs {
+                version: ipc::MetadataVersion::V5,
+                header_type: ipc::MessageHeader::Schema,
+                header: Some(schema.as_union_value()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        builder.finish(message, None);
+        let encoded = base64_simd::STANDARD.encode_to_string(builder.finished_data());
+        let properties = WriterProperties::builder()
+            .set_key_value_metadata(Some(vec![datafusion::parquet::file::metadata::KeyValue::new(
+                "ARROW:schema".to_owned(),
+                Some(encoded),
+            )]))
+            .build();
+        let schema = Arc::new(parse_message_type("message root { OPTIONAL INT32 v; }").expect("physical schema"));
+        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+        SerializedFileWriter::new(&mut bytes, schema, Arc::new(properties))
+            .expect("writer")
+            .close()
+            .expect("footer");
+        bytes
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn shared_arrow_metadata_is_admitted_before_owned_schema_conversion() {
+        use datafusion::parquet::arrow::arrow_reader::ParquetRecordBatchReaderBuilder;
+        let bytes = shared_arrow_metadata_file(256);
+        assert!(bytes.len() < 100 * 1024, "shared offsets keep the encoded file small");
+        let native = ParquetRecordBatchReaderBuilder::try_new(bytes::Bytes::from(bytes.clone())).expect("valid Arrow metadata");
+        assert_eq!(native.schema().metadata().len(), 256);
+        assert!(
+            matches!(validate_file_footer(&bytes, 2 * 1024 * 1024), Err(ParquetBudgetError::Exceeded)),
+            "32 MiB of owned metadata must not pass a 2 MiB preflight"
+        );
+        validate_file_footer(&bytes, 512 * 1024 * 1024).expect("sufficient budget preserves shared metadata");
+    }
+
+    fn arrow_hint_footer(entries: &[(&[u8], Option<&[u8]>)]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let count = u8::try_from(entries.len()).expect("small key/value fixture");
+        assert!(count < 15);
+        let mut bytes = vec![0x59, (count << 4) | THRIFT_COMPACT_STRUCT];
+        for (key, value) in entries {
+            bytes.push(0x18);
+            bytes.extend(varint(u64::try_from(key.len()).expect("key length")));
+            bytes.extend(*key);
+            if let Some(value) = value {
+                bytes.push(0x18);
+                bytes.extend(varint(u64::try_from(value.len()).expect("value length")));
+                bytes.extend(*value);
+            }
+            bytes.push(0);
+        }
+        bytes.push(0);
+        bytes
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn arrow_hint_framing_and_duplicate_keys_match_the_reader() {
+        use datafusion::arrow::{
+            datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema},
+            ipc,
+        };
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::new("v", DataType::Int32, true)]);
+        let mut builder = flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder::new();
+        let schema = ipc::convert::schema_to_fb_offset(&mut builder, &schema);
+        let message = ipc::Message::create(
+            &mut builder,
+            &ipc::MessageArgs {
+                header_type: ipc::MessageHeader::Schema,
+                header: Some(schema.as_union_value()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        );
+        builder.finish(message, None);
+        let raw = builder.finished_data();
+        let mut framed = vec![255; 4];
+        framed.extend(u32::try_from(raw.len()).expect("small schema").to_le_bytes());
+        framed.extend(raw);
+        for message in [raw, framed.as_slice()] {
+            let encoded = base64_simd::STANDARD.encode_to_string(message);
+            let footer = arrow_hint_footer(&[
+                (b"ARROW:schema", Some(b"invalid")),
+                (b"ARROW:schema", Some(encoded.as_bytes())),
+                (b"ARROW:schema", None),
+            ]);
+            validate_footer(&footer, 1024 * 1024).expect("last present Arrow metadata wins, both IPC framings are supported");
+            assert!(matches!(
+                validate_footer(
+                    &arrow_hint_footer(&[
+                        (b"ARROW:schema", Some(encoded.as_bytes())),
+                        (b"ARROW:schema", Some(b"invalid"))
+                    ]),
+                    1024 * 1024
+                ),
+                Err(ParquetBudgetError::Invalid(_))
+            ));
+        }
+        validate_footer(&arrow_hint_footer(&[(b"other", Some(b"invalid"))]), 1024 * 1024).expect("other metadata is opaque");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn arrow_hint_value_before_key_is_still_admitted() {
+        // Compact struct fields are identified by ID, not required to be ordered.
+        let mut bytes = vec![0x59, 0x1c, 0x28, 3];
+        bytes.extend(b"%%%");
+        bytes.extend([0x08, 2, 12]);
+        bytes.extend(b"ARROW:schema");
+        bytes.extend([0, 0]);
+        assert!(matches!(validate_footer(&bytes, 1024 * 1024), Err(ParquetBudgetError::Invalid(_))));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn footer_collections_are_bounded_before_decoder_allocation() {
         let mut huge = vec![0x49, 0xfc];

crates/s3select-query/src/dispatcher/parquet_table.rs

@@ -1106,6 +1106,98 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(error.select_error(), SelectError::ResourceExhausted);
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn parquet_legacy_lz4_checks_native_scratch_before_query_decode() {
+        use datafusion::parquet::{basic::Compression, file::metadata::ParquetMetaDataWriter};
+        let schema = Arc::new(Schema::new(vec![Field::new("v", DataType::Int32, false)]));
+        let batch =
+            RecordBatch::try_new(Arc::clone(&schema), vec![Arc::new(datafusion::arrow::array::Int32Array::from(vec![42]))])
+                .expect("one integer row");
+        let properties = datafusion::parquet::file::properties::WriterProperties::builder()
+            .set_dictionary_enabled(false)
+            .build();
+        let mut original = Vec::new();
+        let mut writer = ArrowWriter::try_new(&mut original, schema, Some(properties)).expect("writer");
+        writer.write(&batch).expect("row");
+        writer.close().expect("footer");
+        let metadata = ParquetRecordBatchReaderBuilder::try_new(Bytes::from(original))
+            .expect("metadata")
+            .metadata()
+            .clone();
+        // A valid legacy frame encoding the four little-endian bytes for 42.
+        let payload = [2, 33, 76, 24, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0x40, 42, 0, 0, 0];
+        let mut page = vec![0x15, 0, 0x15, 8, 0x15, 26, 0x2c, 0x15, 2, 0x15, 0, 0x15, 6, 0x15, 6, 0, 0];
+        page.extend(payload);
+        let column = metadata
+            .row_group(0)
+            .column(0)
+            .clone()
+            .into_builder()
+            .set_compression(Compression::LZ4)
+            .set_data_page_offset(4)
+            .set_total_compressed_size(i64::try_from(page.len()).expect("small page"))
+            .build()
+            .expect("legacy column");
+        let group = metadata
+            .row_group(0)
+            .clone()
+            .into_builder()
+            .set_column_metadata(vec![column])
+            .build()
+            .expect("row group");
+        let metadata = metadata.as_ref().clone().into_builder().set_row_groups(vec![group]).build();
+        let mut encoded = b"PAR1".to_vec();
+        encoded.extend(page);
+        ParquetMetaDataWriter::new(&mut encoded, &metadata)
+            .finish()
+            .expect("legacy footer");
+        assert!(encoded.len() < 4096);
+        let mut native = ParquetRecordBatchReaderBuilder::try_new(Bytes::from(encoded.clone()))
+            .expect("legacy metadata")
+            .build()
+            .expect("native reader");
+        let decoded = native.next().expect("one batch").expect("legacy fallback decode");
+        assert_eq!(
+            decoded
+                .column(0)
+                .as_primitive::<datafusion::arrow::datatypes::Int32Type>()
+                .value(0),
+            42
+        );
+        let store = Arc::new(InMemory::new());
+        store
+            .put(&Path::from("legacy.parquet"), Bytes::from(encoded).into())
+            .await
+            .expect("fixture");
+        let tight = parquet_session_with_memory(store.clone(), 2 * 1024 * 1024);
+        let result = ParquetSelectTable::try_new(&tight.state(), &parquet_input("legacy.parquet"), None).await;
+        let error = match result {
+            Ok(_) => panic!("legacy decoder scratch exceeds the query budget"),
+            Err(error) => error,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(error.select_error(), SelectError::ResourceExhausted);
+        let roomy = parquet_session_with_memory(store, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
+        let table = ParquetSelectTable::try_new(&roomy.state(), &parquet_input("legacy.parquet"), None)
+            .await
+            .expect("admitted legacy file");
+        roomy.register_table("source", table).expect("table");
+        let rows = roomy
+            .sql("SELECT v FROM source")
+            .await
+            .expect("plan")
+            .collect()
+            .await
+            .expect("query");
+        assert_eq!(rows.iter().map(RecordBatch::num_rows).sum::<usize>(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            rows[0]
+                .column(0)
+                .as_primitive::<datafusion::arrow::datatypes::Int32Type>()
+                .value(0),
+            42
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn parquet_nested_views_decode_through_the_actual_file_schema() {
         use datafusion::arrow::array::{ListArray, StringArray};

crates/storage-api/src/object.rs

@@ -591,6 +591,34 @@ pub trait AuthoritativeListOperations: ListOperations {
         max_keys: i32,
     ) -> Result<Self::ListObjectVersionsInfo, Self::Error>;
 
+    /// Enumerate an exact dotted leaf below identifier-like directory components
+    /// containing ASCII letters, digits, `_` or `-`. Noncandidate object metadata
+    /// is outside the scan. Namespace components may occur at any depth; reserved
+    /// words do not identify a subtree that can be skipped.
+    ///
+    /// Returned keys retain the quorum, unversioned, EOF and cancellation
+    /// guarantees of `list_unversioned_objects_authoritative`. Older peers may
+    /// perform extra I/O; the coordinator must filter their extra rows before
+    /// resolving metadata. Callers fence concurrent mutations separately.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    /// Rejects an invalid directory prefix/leaf, invalid page size, uncertain
+    /// matching metadata, versioned entries or insufficient read quorum. Backends
+    /// without this capability return Unsupported; ordinary listing is not a fallback.
+    async fn list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(
+        self: Arc<Self>,
+        _bucket: &str,
+        _prefix: &str,
+        _leaf: &str,
+        _marker: Option<String>,
+        _max_keys: i32,
+    ) -> Result<Self::ListObjectVersionsInfo, Self::Error>
+    where
+        Self::Error: From<std::io::Error>,
+    {
+        Err(std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Unsupported, "authoritative identifier-tree listing is not supported").into())
+    }
+
     /// Resolves every set at its version read quorum, including reserved prefixes.
     ///
     /// # Errors

docs/architecture/readiness-matrix.md

@@ -45,18 +45,9 @@ In a distributed deployment, startup publishes `FullReady` only after that local
 - Liveness reports process availability and must not depend on storage, IAM,
   lock quorum, or peer health.
 - Node readiness (`/health/ready`, `/minio/health/ready`) reports whether this process can serve reads: storage read quorum, IAM, and shared-lock quorum. It is the Kubernetes Service membership signal. Losing write quorum, the pool-metadata writer, or exclusive-lock quorum does not remove a node that can still read. The public health handler still returns 503 until startup publishes `FullReady`, so a process that has never opened S3 admission does not join the Service. Runtime storage diagnostics do not change that startup gate.
-- A blocked pool metadata writer degrades cluster-write readiness with
-  `pool_meta_write_blocked`. It does not withdraw `/health/ready`, and the node
-  probe omits that reason from `degradedReasons`. Metadata save-gate inspection
-  is bounded to 100 ms; contention reports `pool_metadata_check_timeout` on the
-  cluster-write probe without installing a block. The node probe keeps the last
-  confirmed writable observation for `details.poolMetadata` during a transient
-  inspection timeout, while preserving a confirmed block and failing that
-  detail closed when no fresh observation exists.
-- The authenticated cluster snapshot extends its existing node-local metadata
-  gate inspection with safe reason, failure phase, and original block time. It
-  distinguishes timeout from a block and changes no admission or recovery
-  decision. Runtime readiness and gate status are separate bounded observations.
+- Immutable pool metadata admission proofs share the local authority gate as readers. Publication, recovery, identity changes and operations requiring serialization retain exclusive ownership and their existing distributed namespace fences. A multi-phase operation releases its reader before acquiring the writer and revalidates under exclusive ownership; it never upgrades a held reader. The gate is fair, so a writer queued behind a reader that is waiting on namespace I/O also delays later admissions until that reader finishes. Every writer publishes the authority it leaves before releasing exclusive ownership. Health inspection reads that published authority without acquiring the gate, so neither a held nor a queued writer delays it. A writer's changes become visible when it releases the gate; a latch recorded by a transaction outcome after its writer released is shared with the published authority and visible immediately. Mutating paths still check authority under the gate.
+- A blocked pool metadata writer degrades cluster-write readiness with `pool_meta_write_blocked`. It does not withdraw `/health/ready`, and the node probe omits that reason from `degradedReasons`. Metadata authority inspection reads the state published by the last local writer and does not wait for the save gate, so a held or queued metadata writer does not degrade either probe; a block that writer installs appears when it releases the gate.
+- The authenticated cluster snapshot extends its existing node-local metadata gate inspection with safe reason, failure phase, and original block time. It changes no admission or recovery decision. Runtime readiness and gate status are separate observations.
 - Cluster write readiness (`/minio/health/cluster`) requires storage write quorum, the pool-metadata write gate, and exclusive-lock quorum. Use it when a caller must know that new writes can commit. It is not the Service membership probe.
 - Cluster read readiness uses the storage read-quorum path and cluster-health timeout behavior. Its lock dependency still uses the per-set majority/write-lock health check. Actual shared namespace locks require `n - n/2`, so the cluster read probe is conservative: a four-client set can still admit reads with two clients while that probe returns 503. Node `/health/ready` uses the shared-lock threshold instead, because that is what object reads acquire.
 - `HEAD` health probes keep header/status semantics and do not require response
@@ -91,7 +82,7 @@ For a healthy IAM and metadata writer in a four-node, one-drive-per-node EC 2+2
 
 With two of four nodes up, GET, HEAD, and List of a bucket that this process has not yet cached still succeed. PUT and other mutations fail because write quorum and exclusive locks are gone.
 
-The node path reads local disk-handle health and reuses the same reachable-host observation as its lock dependency, including the existing `RUSTFS_HEALTH_READINESS_CACHE_TTL_MS` cache. Only `Online` drives count; a reachable host with a `Returning` drive does not yet prove data I/O has recovered. It does not call cluster `storage_info`, local `disk_info`, or add disk-info RPCs. The entire storage inventory snapshot has a separate 100 ms wait budget; expiry reports `storage_readiness_check_timeout` and fails closed. Pool metadata inspection retains its own 100 ms budget; a timeout is counted by `rustfs_pool_metadata_check_timeouts_total` and uses the last confirmed node-local gate state only within the same cache TTL. These observations are not an atomic cluster snapshot and do not bypass the existing lock-probe timing or cache policy.
+The node path reads local disk-handle health and reuses the same reachable-host observation as its lock dependency, including the existing `RUSTFS_HEALTH_READINESS_CACHE_TTL_MS` cache. Only `Online` drives count; a reachable host with a `Returning` drive does not yet prove data I/O has recovered. It does not call cluster `storage_info`, local `disk_info`, or add disk-info RPCs. The entire storage inventory snapshot has a separate 100 ms wait budget; expiry reports `storage_readiness_check_timeout` and fails closed. Pool metadata inspection reads the authority published by the last local writer and does not wait for the save gate. These observations are not an atomic cluster snapshot and do not bypass the existing lock-probe timing or cache policy.
 
 The new fields are additive. Their absence in an older response is not evidence of storage quorum. Minimal responses still contain only the existing top-level fields, liveness remains dependency-independent, and HEAD responses remain bodyless.
 

docs/architecture/s3-tables-support-matrix.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ RustFS S3 Tables is an Iceberg REST Catalog and table-bucket implementation on t
 | `/_iceberg/v1` | Supported compatibility alias | MinIO AIStor-style alias; smoke profile defaults to signing name `s3tables`. |
 | S3 object data plane | Supported | Data, metadata, manifest, and delete files are ordinary S3 objects with table-aware policy checks on warehouse paths. |
 | S3 table-bucket listings | Supported | `ListObjects`, `ListObjectsV2`, `ListObjectVersions`, metadata-list extensions, and multipart-upload listings omit warehouse objects unless the caller has `admin:GetTableMetadata` for that table, and always omit internal `.rustfs-table` keys. Protected cursors are encrypted with a key derived from the cluster root credentials, so rotating those credentials invalidates cursors already issued. |
-| Object-backed warehouse-index recovery | Supported with bounded request fallback | Data-plane requests repair or verify a missing warehouse-prefix index by listing the catalog prefix. Only table entries count toward the 4,096-object limit, so maintenance reports and other per-table objects cannot exhaust it; the listing itself is bounded to 64 pages plus one page per table entry already listed, and after each page the cursor skips the rest of the maintenance subtree the page ended in, so a report flood under one table costs a bounded number of pages. Larger catalogs fail closed with a retryable service error and require operator backfill. An optional table-entry directory (see Maintenance Matrix) answers these lookups without the prefix listing. |
+| Object-backed warehouse-index recovery | Supported with bounded request fallback | Data-plane requests repair or verify a missing warehouse-prefix index using authoritative table-entry pages. The scan selects `table-entry.json` below identifier-like directory components at any depth; namespace components named `tables` or `maintenance` remain valid. Noncandidate report names are filtered in directory batches before inventory retention and metadata reads, so report history does not consume ownership pages. Selected entries retain GET-equivalent quorum and corruption checks. More than 4,096 table entries fails closed with a retryable service error and requires operator backfill. An optional table-entry directory (see Maintenance Matrix) answers these lookups without the prefix listing. |
 | Table bucket enablement | Supported | A regular bucket is enabled for catalog use and addressed as the REST catalog warehouse. |
 | Catalog-vended table credentials | Automated when enabled | Disabled by default. LoadTable vends credentials only when `X-Iceberg-Access-Delegation` contains the exact `vended-credentials` token; the dedicated credentials endpoint uses the same issuer path. |
 | AWS S3 Tables endpoint shape | Profile generator | Generates the AWS catalog URI and warehouse ARN shape for migration docs. API parity not claimed. |
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ Object-backed commit publication identifies every catalog object it validated by
 
 An optional per-bucket directory of table entries under `.rustfs.sys` answers data-plane index-miss lookups without listing the catalog prefix. It is off by default: `RUSTFS_TABLE_CATALOG_DIRECTORY_INDEX=true` and `RUSTFS_TABLE_CATALOG_DIRECTORY_INDEX_FLEET_CONFIRMED=true` on every node, then `POST /iceberg/v1/{warehouse}/catalog/directory` (`admin:MigrateTableCatalog`) advances a backfill of 128 catalog objects per call until the directory reports `Ready`; `GET` reports the phase and `DELETE` rolls the directory back. Entry writers add a directory candidate only while the directory exists, and the backfill covers earlier entries. The directory state occupies the backing-migration fence object: nodes without this feature answer catalog mutations on that bucket with a parse error until they are upgraded, which is what the fleet-confirmed flag attests, and restores require disabling the directory first. Object catalog backups exclude the derived directory state and candidates. Re-enable the directory after a restore to rebuild it from the restored entries.
 
+Fallback ownership scans, including the check before metadata cleanup, use the optional `identifier_tree_leaf` walk selector. An absent selector preserves ordinary listing behavior. Older peers ignore the additive field; the coordinator filters their noncandidate rows before metadata resolution and retains read-quorum checks for every selected entry. Old peers may do more I/O or fail on unrelated corrupt metadata, so a mixed-version scan can refuse work until those peers are upgraded. Such failures never establish owner absence. This selector changes no catalog or on-disk format and requires no fleet-confirmation flag.
+
 
 
 | Capability | Status | Claim |

docs/operations/pool-metadata-recovery.md

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ An unreadable replica, lost fence, or conditional-write conflict leaves the orig
 
 - The first block emits `decommission_state` with `state=pool_metadata_blocked`, `reason`, `phase`, and `blocked_since`. A change in recovery failure classification emits `state=pool_metadata_recovery_pending`; successful recovery emits `state=pool_metadata_recovered` with the original timestamp.
 - `rustfs_pool_metadata_blocks_total{reason}` and `rustfs_pool_metadata_recoveries_total` count block and recovery transitions. The original cause and phase remain attached to local typed errors; storage/RPC error numbers and on-disk formats are unchanged.
-- Node and cluster-write readiness include `pool_meta_write_blocked`. Waiting for the metadata save mutex is bounded to 100 ms and reports `pool_metadata_check_timeout`, not a persistent block. Cluster probes retain their existing cache and overall timeout behavior. Liveness and cluster-read quorum checks are unchanged. The authenticated node-local status and safe error fields are described in [S3 write failure diagnostics](s3-write-failure-diagnostics.md).
+- Cluster-write readiness reports `pool_meta_write_blocked`; node readiness reports the writer only through `details.poolMetadata`. Readiness reads the authority published by the last local metadata writer instead of waiting for the save gate, so an active or queued metadata transaction does not degrade readiness by itself. A block installed by a writer appears when that writer releases the gate. Cluster probes retain their existing cache and overall timeout behavior. Liveness and cluster-read quorum checks are unchanged. The authenticated node-local status and safe error fields are described in [S3 write failure diagnostics](s3-write-failure-diagnostics.md).
 
 Pool metadata CAS explicitly selects `TailDrainedWithOwnerRepair`: it waits for the complete rename result and returns repair responsibility to its existing deployment and transaction owner when write quorum commits but a replica fails or signatures diverge. Cache invalidation and the committed cleanup handoff precede that error. Ordinary system metadata retains quorum-success semantics under `Quorum` and `TailDrained`; draining a tail does not require every disk to succeed. A repair-required completion does not enter rollback cleanup or wait for another temporary-data deletion. The committed bytes are not rolled back. Generic MRF and heal-channel requests cannot supply the deployment and transaction authority needed to repair system metadata; pool CAS retains the uncertain outcome and its existing recovery fence. Ordinary object repair keeps its bucket-incarnation fencing.
 

docs/operations/rolling-restart.md

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ When the whole cluster (or several nodes) went down and nodes are brought back o
 
 2. Logs say what the node waits for. The IAM recovery loop retries with backoff and logs `event="iam_bootstrap_retry_failed"` with an actionable `hint` field (for example, "storage read quorum not met yet; waiting for enough cluster nodes/disks to come online"). After repeated failures the level escalates from WARN to ERROR; this still does not kill the process.
 3. Recovery is automatic. Once storage read quorum is available, pending nodes can finish IAM bootstrap on the next retry. `/health/ready` returns `200` when startup has published `FullReady` and the node can still serve reads (storage read quorum, IAM, and shared-lock quorum). Write quorum is reported separately and is required by `/minio/health/cluster`, not by Service membership. Restarting pending nodes does not speed this up.
-4. Check readiness detail while waiting. `/health/ready` (and `/minio/health/ready`) separate `storage` / `poolMetadata` / `iam` / `lock` readiness. `storage.ready` follows read quorum (`readinessScope` is `read_quorum`); `storage.readQuorum` and `storage.writeQuorum` show the two observations. `poolMetadata.ready` is the metadata writer and does not by itself withdraw `/health/ready`. `degradedReasons` on this probe names read-path causes such as `storage_quorum_unavailable` and `storage_and_lock_unavailable`. `pool_meta_write_blocked` and `pool_metadata_check_timeout` stay on `/minio/health/cluster`. See the [storage detail contract](../architecture/readiness-matrix.md#storage-detail-contract) for probe scopes and sampling limits:
+4. Check readiness detail while waiting. `/health/ready` (and `/minio/health/ready`) separate `storage` / `poolMetadata` / `iam` / `lock` readiness. `storage.ready` follows read quorum (`readinessScope` is `read_quorum`); `storage.readQuorum` and `storage.writeQuorum` show the two observations. `poolMetadata.ready` is the metadata writer and does not by itself withdraw `/health/ready`. `degradedReasons` on this probe names read-path causes such as `storage_quorum_unavailable` and `storage_and_lock_unavailable`. `pool_meta_write_blocked` stays on `/minio/health/cluster`. See the [storage detail contract](../architecture/readiness-matrix.md#storage-detail-contract) for probe scopes and sampling limits:
 
    ```bash
    curl -s http://<node>:9000/health/ready | jq

docs/operations/s3-write-failure-diagnostics.md

@@ -45,15 +45,14 @@ The probe round timeout is configured independently; see [Admin peer probe timeo
 
 ## Correlate bounded diagnostics
 
-Normal operation does not require success logs at WARN. Request counters remain available with WARN logging, while runtime readiness diagnostics distinguish `pool_meta_write_blocked`, `pool_metadata_check_timeout`, and insufficient storage quorum. Do not clear a metadata write fence merely to make readiness green.
+Normal operation does not require success logs at WARN. Request counters remain available with WARN logging, while runtime readiness diagnostics distinguish `pool_meta_write_blocked` from insufficient storage quorum. Do not clear a metadata write fence merely to make readiness green.
 
-Query the authenticated `/rustfs/admin/v4/cluster/snapshot` endpoint on the affected node. `snapshot.pool_meta_write_gate` describes that node's metadata writer, not a fleet-wide aggregate. Its existing booleans are preserved; `state` and optional block details extend the same bounded, read-only gate inspection. This starts no recovery, disk reads, or additional RPCs. Runtime readiness and the gate are inspected separately, so a whole cluster snapshot is not atomic across sections.
+Query the authenticated `/rustfs/admin/v4/cluster/snapshot` endpoint on the affected node. `snapshot.pool_meta_write_gate` describes that node's metadata writer, not a fleet-wide aggregate. Its existing booleans are preserved; `state` and optional block details extend the same read-only inspection, which reads the authority published by the node's last metadata writer without waiting for the save gate. A block that an active writer installs appears when that writer releases the gate. Nodes running earlier releases can also report `check_timeout`, the `pool_metadata_check_timeout` readiness reason, and `rustfs_pool_metadata_check_timeouts_total` when their 100 ms gate inspection expired; current nodes emit none of them. This starts no recovery, disk reads, or additional RPCs. Runtime readiness and the gate are inspected separately, so a whole cluster snapshot is not atomic across sections.
 
 | `state` | Meaning |
 | --- | --- |
 | `writable` | No metadata write block was observed. Other dependencies may still make the node unready. |
 | `blocked` | A metadata write block was observed; `reason`, `phase`, and `sinceUnixSecs` describe its typed failure context. |
-| `check_timeout` | The existing 100 ms inspection budget expired. Readiness remains false, but a write block is not asserted. |
 | `unavailable` | The object store or a recognized metadata observation was unavailable; no block details are invented. |
 
 For `blocked`, `reason` reuses the metadata failure classification, `phase` identifies the operation stage that caused the block (not live recovery-worker progress), and `sinceUnixSecs` is the original block time in Unix seconds. Polling does not reset that time. Recovery replaces the observation with `writable` and removes the previous block details. An unavailable store reports `writesReady=false` with `state="unavailable"`. Older responses may omit `state` and block details; missing fields alone do not prove a healthy writer. Operation text, raw replica errors, disk paths, and credentials are excluded. See [Pool metadata recovery](pool-metadata-recovery.md) for recovery and escalation boundaries.

rustfs/src/admin/handlers/cluster_snapshot.rs

@@ -211,9 +211,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateView {
 
 impl From<ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnapshot> for ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateView {
     fn from(snapshot: ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnapshot) -> Self {
-        let state = if snapshot.check_timed_out {
-            "check_timeout"
-        } else if snapshot.writes_ready {
+        let state = if snapshot.writes_ready {
             "writable"
         } else if snapshot.write_blocked || snapshot.transaction_aborted {
             "blocked"
@@ -706,7 +704,6 @@ fn summarize_storage_readiness(snapshot: &ClusterReadOnlySnapshot) -> Capability
         .filter_map(|reason| match reason {
             ReadinessDegradedReason::StorageQuorumUnavailable
             | ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetaWriteBlocked
-            | ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout
             | ReadinessDegradedReason::StorageAndIamUnavailable
             | ReadinessDegradedReason::StorageAndLockUnavailable
             | ReadinessDegradedReason::StorageIamAndLockUnavailable => Some(reason.as_str()),
@@ -1120,14 +1117,6 @@ mod tests {
 
         for (snapshot, state) in [
             (ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnapshot::default(), "writable"),
-            (
-                ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnapshot {
-                    writes_ready: false,
-                    check_timed_out: true,
-                    ..Default::default()
-                },
-                "check_timeout",
-            ),
             (
                 ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnapshot {
                     writes_ready: false,

rustfs/src/cluster_snapshot.rs

@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ pub struct ClusterListingDiagnosticsSnapshot {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnapshot {
     pub writes_ready: bool,
-    pub check_timed_out: bool,
     pub write_blocked: bool,
     pub transaction_aborted: bool,
     pub pool_meta_absent: bool,
@@ -124,7 +123,6 @@ impl Default for ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnapshot {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             writes_ready: true,
-            check_timed_out: false,
             write_blocked: false,
             transaction_aborted: false,
             pool_meta_absent: false,
@@ -230,7 +228,6 @@ async fn current_pool_meta_write_gate_snapshot() -> ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnap
             let status = store.pool_meta_write_gate_status().await;
             ClusterPoolMetaWriteGateSnapshot {
                 writes_ready: status.writes_ready,
-                check_timed_out: status.check_timed_out,
                 write_blocked: status.write_blocked,
                 transaction_aborted: status.transaction_aborted,
                 pool_meta_absent: status.pool_meta_absent,

rustfs/src/error.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,19 @@ const MAX_VERSIONS_EXCEEDED_MESSAGE: &str = "You've exceeded the limit on the nu
 const SLOW_DOWN_READ_CODE: &str = "SlowDownRead";
 const SLOW_DOWN_READ_MESSAGE: &str = "Resource requested is unreadable, please reduce your request rate";
 const NAMESPACE_LOCK_TIMEOUT_CAUSE: &str = "namespace_lock_timeout";
+const RPC_ADMISSION_METADATA_KEY: &str = "x-rustfs-rpc-admission";
+const RPC_REPLAY_ADMISSION_METADATA_VALUE: &str = "replay-cache";
+
+/// Preserve temporary replay admission refusal through the RPC and S3 boundaries.
+pub(crate) fn rpc_replay_admission_exhausted_status() -> tonic::Status {
+    let mut status = tonic::Status::resource_exhausted("RPC replay admission exhausted");
+    status.metadata_mut().insert(
+        RPC_ADMISSION_METADATA_KEY,
+        tonic::metadata::MetadataValue::from_static(RPC_REPLAY_ADMISSION_METADATA_VALUE),
+    );
+    status
+}
+
 /// Public message for `StorageError::UnsupportedDisk` on a request path. The
 /// only request-time producer is the delete-transaction protocol when a
 /// participant answers Unimplemented (a peer still on a release without the
@@ -588,9 +601,14 @@ fn body_read_error_code(err: &(dyn std::error::Error + 'static)) -> Option<S3Err
             return Some(S3ErrorCode::BadDigest);
         }
 
-        rpc_unavailable |= error
-            .downcast_ref::<tonic::Status>()
-            .is_some_and(|status| status.code() == tonic::Code::Unavailable);
+        rpc_unavailable |= error.downcast_ref::<tonic::Status>().is_some_and(|status| {
+            status.code() == tonic::Code::Unavailable
+                || (status.code() == tonic::Code::ResourceExhausted
+                    && status
+                        .metadata()
+                        .get(RPC_ADMISSION_METADATA_KEY)
+                        .is_some_and(|value| value.as_encoded_bytes() == RPC_REPLAY_ADMISSION_METADATA_VALUE.as_bytes()))
+        });
         upload_limit_exceeded |= error.is::<UploadLimitExceeded>();
         server_source_failed |= error.is::<ServerSideSourceReadError>();
         client_body_timed_out |= error.is::<ClientBodyReadTimeout>();
@@ -1742,6 +1760,50 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn replay_admission_refusal_preserves_retryable_status_across_io_boundaries() {
+        let status = rpc_replay_admission_exhausted_status;
+        let original = StorageError::from(status());
+        let cloned = original.clone();
+        let wire = status().into_http::<()>();
+        let received = tonic::Status::from_header_map(wire.headers()).expect("replay admission status on the wire");
+        for error in [
+            ApiError::from(original),
+            ApiError::from(cloned),
+            ApiError::from(StorageError::from(received)),
+            ApiError::from(StorageError::Io(IoError::other(IoError::other(status())))),
+            ApiError::from(IoError::other(status())),
+            ApiError::from(IoError::other(StorageError::from(status()))),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(error.code, S3ErrorCode::ServiceUnavailable);
+            assert_eq!(error.diagnostic().rpc_code, Some(tonic::Code::ResourceExhausted));
+            assert_eq!(S3Error::from(error).status_code(), Some(StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn replay_admission_marker_requires_its_exact_value_and_resource_code() {
+        for code in [
+            tonic::Code::Unauthenticated,
+            tonic::Code::Internal,
+            tonic::Code::ResourceExhausted,
+        ] {
+            for marker in ["replay-cache", "unknown-admission"] {
+                if code == tonic::Code::ResourceExhausted && marker == "replay-cache" {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let mut status = tonic::Status::new(code, "RPC replay admission exhausted");
+                status
+                    .metadata_mut()
+                    .insert(RPC_ADMISSION_METADATA_KEY, marker.parse().expect("valid test marker"));
+                let error = ApiError::from(StorageError::from(status));
+                assert_eq!(error.code, S3ErrorCode::InternalError);
+            }
+        }
+        let error = ApiError::from(IoError::other("RPC replay admission exhausted"));
+        assert_eq!(error.code, S3ErrorCode::InternalError);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn rpc_unavailable_mapping_does_not_match_other_codes_or_untyped_messages() {
         for code in [

rustfs/src/server/health.rs

@@ -614,22 +614,6 @@ mod tests {
         });
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    #[serial]
-    fn writable_node_readiness_keeps_200_for_transient_pool_metadata_timeout() {
-        let mut report = ready_report();
-        report.degraded_reasons = vec![ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout];
-
-        with_var(rustfs_config::ENV_HEALTH_MINIMAL_RESPONSE_ENABLE, Some("false"), || {
-            let parts = build_health_response_parts(Method::GET, HealthProbe::Readiness, Some(&report), "rustfs", None, None);
-
-            assert_eq!(parts.status_code, StatusCode::OK);
-            let payload = parts.payload.expect("GET readiness body");
-            assert_eq!(payload["ready"], true);
-            assert_eq!(payload["degradedReasons"], json!(["pool_metadata_check_timeout"]));
-        });
-    }
-
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn readiness_collects_object_stalls_and_recovers_on_completion() {
         let object_traffic_health = ObjectTrafficHealth::enabled_for_test(Duration::ZERO);

rustfs/src/server/http.rs

@@ -3405,6 +3405,16 @@ fn hyper_body_write_close_kind(debug: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
     }
 }
 
+fn rpc_auth_failure_status(error: &std::io::Error) -> Status {
+    if storage::rpc_auth_is_resource_exhausted(error) {
+        crate::error::rpc_replay_admission_exhausted_status()
+    } else if storage::tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason(error) == "stale_boot_epoch" {
+        Status::unavailable("RPC boot epoch changed")
+    } else {
+        Status::unauthenticated("No valid auth token")
+    }
+}
+
 #[allow(clippy::result_large_err)]
 fn check_auth(req: Request<()>) -> std::result::Result<Request<()>, Status> {
     let local_node_name =
@@ -3467,6 +3477,12 @@ fn check_auth(req: Request<()>) -> std::result::Result<Request<()>, Status> {
             INTERNODE_TRANSPORT_BACKEND_GRPC,
             failure_reason,
         );
+        let rejection = rpc_auth_failure_status(&e);
+        if rejection.code() == tonic::Code::ResourceExhausted {
+            // Existing scoped counters describe overload without producing an
+            // authentication error log for every otherwise valid request.
+            return rejection;
+        }
         if failure_reason == "stale_boot_epoch" {
             // The signature is valid, but the peer restarted before this request. Reject it
             // before execution and let the client retry after its authenticated epoch refresh.
@@ -3485,7 +3501,7 @@ fn check_auth(req: Request<()>) -> std::result::Result<Request<()>, Status> {
                 error = %e,
                 "RPC boot epoch changed; request rejected for retry"
             );
-            Status::unavailable("RPC boot epoch changed")
+            rejection
         } else {
             error!(
                 event = EVENT_RPC_SIGNATURE_VERIFICATION_FAILED,
@@ -3502,7 +3518,7 @@ fn check_auth(req: Request<()>) -> std::result::Result<Request<()>, Status> {
                 error = %e,
                 "RPC signature verification failed"
             );
-            Status::unauthenticated("No valid auth token")
+            rejection
         }
     })?;
 
@@ -7001,6 +7017,35 @@ mod tests {
         .await;
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn rpc_auth_resource_exhaustion_does_not_report_invalid_credentials() {
+        for source in [
+            storage::RpcReplayCacheAdmissionError::Capacity,
+            storage::RpcReplayCacheAdmissionError::MemoryBudget,
+        ] {
+            let error = std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock, source);
+            let status = rpc_auth_failure_status(&error);
+            assert_eq!(status.code(), tonic::Code::ResourceExhausted);
+            let api = crate::error::ApiError::from(crate::storage_api::error::StorageError::from(status));
+            let response = s3s::S3Error::from(api);
+            assert_eq!(response.status_code(), Some(http::StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE));
+        }
+        for message in [
+            "RPC request replay detected",
+            "Invalid RPC v2 signature",
+            "Missing signature header",
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                rpc_auth_failure_status(&std::io::Error::other(message)).code(),
+                tonic::Code::Unauthenticated
+            );
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            rpc_auth_failure_status(&std::io::Error::other("RPC boot epoch is stale")).code(),
+            tonic::Code::Unavailable
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     #[serial_test::serial]
     async fn rpc_auth_rejection_records_failure_reason_metric() {

rustfs/src/server/readiness.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use std::{
     collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    sync::{Mutex as StdMutex, OnceLock},
+    sync::OnceLock,
     time::Instant,
 };
 use tokio::sync::Mutex;
@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ const LOG_COMPONENT_SERVER: &str = "server";
 const LOG_SUBSYSTEM_READINESS: &str = "readiness";
 const METRIC_RUNTIME_READINESS_READY: &str = "rustfs_runtime_readiness_ready";
 const METRIC_RUNTIME_READINESS_DEGRADED_TOTAL: &str = "rustfs_runtime_readiness_degraded_total";
-const METRIC_POOL_METADATA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_TOTAL: &str = "rustfs_pool_metadata_check_timeouts_total";
 
 pub use crate::shared_types::{
     DependencyReadiness, DependencyReadinessReport, MissingReadinessDrive, ReadinessDegradedReason, StorageReadinessDetails,
@@ -293,66 +292,6 @@ struct StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
     pool_metadata_reason: Option<ReadinessDegradedReason>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
-struct NodePoolMetadataReadinessCache {
-    entry: Option<NodePoolMetadataReadinessCacheEntry>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-struct NodePoolMetadataReadinessCacheEntry {
-    cached_at: Instant,
-    observed_at: Instant,
-    status: StorageWriteReadinessStatus,
-}
-
-impl NodePoolMetadataReadinessCache {
-    fn observe(
-        &mut self,
-        observed: StorageWriteReadinessStatus,
-        observed_at: Instant,
-        now: Instant,
-        ttl: Duration,
-    ) -> StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-        if ttl.is_zero() {
-            self.entry = None;
-            return observed;
-        }
-
-        if observed.pool_metadata_reason == Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout) {
-            let Some(previous) = self.entry else {
-                return observed;
-            };
-            if now.saturating_duration_since(previous.cached_at) > ttl {
-                return observed;
-            }
-
-            // A confirmed write block must never be hidden by a later timeout.
-            if previous.status.pool_metadata_reason == Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetaWriteBlocked) {
-                return previous.status;
-            }
-
-            // A transient inspection outage is diagnostic, not proof that the
-            // writer became unsafe. Keep the last confirmed writable state.
-            if previous.status.ready {
-                return StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                    ready: true,
-                    pool_metadata_reason: Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout),
-                };
-            }
-            return observed;
-        }
-
-        if self.entry.is_none_or(|entry| entry.observed_at <= observed_at) {
-            self.entry = Some(NodePoolMetadataReadinessCacheEntry {
-                cached_at: now,
-                observed_at,
-                status: observed,
-            });
-        }
-        observed
-    }
-}
-
 fn pool_metadata_write_readiness(result: Result<(), StorageError>) -> StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
     match result {
         Ok(()) => StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
@@ -360,13 +299,9 @@ fn pool_metadata_write_readiness(result: Result<(), StorageError>) -> StorageWri
             pool_metadata_reason: None,
         },
         Err(error) => {
-            let pool_metadata_reason = if error.pool_metadata_failure().is_some() {
-                Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetaWriteBlocked)
-            } else if matches!(error, StorageError::Timeout) {
-                Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout)
-            } else {
-                None
-            };
+            let pool_metadata_reason = error
+                .pool_metadata_failure()
+                .map(|_| ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetaWriteBlocked);
             StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
                 ready: false,
                 pool_metadata_reason,
@@ -434,11 +369,6 @@ fn health_cluster_timeout() -> Duration {
     )
 }
 
-fn node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache() -> &'static StdMutex<NodePoolMetadataReadinessCache> {
-    static CACHE: OnceLock<StdMutex<NodePoolMetadataReadinessCache>> = OnceLock::new();
-    CACHE.get_or_init(|| StdMutex::new(NodePoolMetadataReadinessCache::default()))
-}
-
 fn storage_readiness_cache() -> &'static Mutex<Option<StorageReadinessCacheEntry>> {
     static CACHE: OnceLock<Mutex<Option<StorageReadinessCacheEntry>>> = OnceLock::new();
     CACHE.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(None))
@@ -543,26 +473,6 @@ async fn update_storage_readiness_cache(status: StorageWriteReadinessStatus) {
     });
 }
 
-fn apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(
-    observed: StorageWriteReadinessStatus,
-    observed_at: Instant,
-) -> StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-    if observed.pool_metadata_reason == Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout) {
-        counter!(METRIC_POOL_METADATA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_TOTAL).increment(1);
-    }
-    let mut cache = node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache()
-        .lock()
-        .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner);
-    cache.observe(observed, observed_at, Instant::now(), health_readiness_cache_ttl())
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-fn reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache() {
-    *node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache()
-        .lock()
-        .unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner) = NodePoolMetadataReadinessCache::default();
-}
-
 async fn load_cached_lock_quorum_status() -> Option<LockQuorumObservation> {
     let ttl = health_readiness_cache_ttl();
     if ttl.is_zero() {
@@ -855,9 +765,6 @@ fn record_readiness_report(report: &DependencyReadinessReport) {
         && report.readiness.peer_health_ready;
     gauge!(METRIC_RUNTIME_READINESS_READY).set(if ready { 1.0 } else { 0.0 });
     for reason in &report.degraded_reasons {
-        if ready && *reason == ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout {
-            continue;
-        }
         counter!(METRIC_RUNTIME_READINESS_DEGRADED_TOTAL, "reason" => reason.as_str()).increment(1);
     }
 }
@@ -944,7 +851,7 @@ pub async fn collect_node_readiness_report() -> DependencyReadinessReport {
     let mut storage_check_timed_out = false;
     if let Some(store) = runtime_sources::current_object_store_handle() {
         let pool_metadata_status = store.pool_meta_write_status().await;
-        storage = apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(pool_metadata_write_readiness(pool_metadata_status), Instant::now());
+        storage = pool_metadata_write_readiness(pool_metadata_status);
         match node_storage_snapshot(store.as_ref(), &lock_observation.online_hosts).await {
             Ok((info, unavailable_drives, missing_drives)) => {
                 details.unavailable_drives = unavailable_drives;
@@ -2927,7 +2834,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn pool_metadata_observation_distinguishes_block_timeout_and_unavailable() {
+    fn pool_metadata_observation_distinguishes_block_and_unavailable() {
         let blocked = blocked_pool_metadata_status();
         assert!(!blocked.ready);
         assert_eq!(blocked.pool_metadata_reason, Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetaWriteBlocked));
@@ -2935,227 +2842,76 @@ mod tests {
         let writable = pool_metadata_write_readiness(Ok(()));
         assert!(writable.ready);
         assert_eq!(writable.pool_metadata_reason, None);
-        let timed_out = pool_metadata_write_readiness(Err(StorageError::Timeout));
-        assert!(!timed_out.ready);
-        assert_eq!(timed_out.pool_metadata_reason, Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout));
         let unavailable = pool_metadata_write_readiness(Err(StorageError::other("pool metadata writes remain blocked")));
         assert!(!unavailable.ready);
         assert_eq!(
             unavailable.pool_metadata_reason, None,
             "error text alone must not be interpreted as a typed write block"
         );
+    }
 
-        let readiness = DependencyReadiness {
-            storage_ready: false,
+    #[test]
+    fn readiness_report_records_ready_gauge_and_degraded_reasons() {
+        let record = |report: DependencyReadinessReport| {
+            let recorder = DebuggingRecorder::new();
+            let snapshotter = recorder.snapshotter();
+            metrics::with_local_recorder(&recorder, || record_readiness_report(&report));
+            snapshotter.snapshot().into_vec()
+        };
+        let ready = DependencyReadiness {
+            storage_ready: true,
             iam_ready: true,
             lock_quorum_ready: true,
             peer_health_ready: true,
         };
-        let report = dependency_readiness_report_from_write_status(readiness, timed_out);
-        assert!(!report.readiness.storage_ready, "inspection timeout must remain fail-closed");
-        assert_eq!(report.degraded_reasons, vec![ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout]);
-        assert_eq!(report.degraded_reasons[0].as_str(), "pool_metadata_check_timeout");
-    }
 
-    #[test]
-    #[serial]
-    fn sticky_pool_metadata_timeout_uses_dedicated_metric_without_degraded_count() {
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-        let recorder = DebuggingRecorder::new();
-        let snapshotter = recorder.snapshotter();
-
-        metrics::with_local_recorder(&recorder, || {
-            with_var(rustfs_config::ENV_HEALTH_READINESS_CACHE_TTL_MS, Some("60000"), || {
-                let writable = StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                    ready: true,
-                    pool_metadata_reason: None,
-                };
-                assert_eq!(apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(writable, Instant::now()), writable);
-                let sticky = apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(
-                    StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                        ready: false,
-                        pool_metadata_reason: Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout),
-                    },
-                    Instant::now(),
-                );
-                assert!(sticky.ready);
-                record_readiness_report(&DependencyReadinessReport {
-                    readiness: DependencyReadiness {
-                        storage_ready: true,
-                        iam_ready: true,
-                        lock_quorum_ready: true,
-                        peer_health_ready: true,
-                    },
-                    degraded_reasons: vec![ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout],
-                    storage_details: None,
-                });
-            });
+        let entries = record(DependencyReadinessReport {
+            readiness: ready,
+            degraded_reasons: Vec::new(),
+            storage_details: None,
         });
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-
-        let entries = snapshotter.snapshot().into_vec();
-        let ready = entries.iter().find_map(|(composite, _, _, value)| {
+        let gauge = entries.iter().find_map(|(composite, _, _, value)| {
             (composite.kind() == MetricKind::Gauge && composite.key().name() == METRIC_RUNTIME_READINESS_READY).then_some(value)
         });
-        assert!(matches!(ready, Some(DebugValue::Gauge(value)) if value.into_inner() == 1.0));
+        assert!(
+            matches!(gauge, Some(DebugValue::Gauge(value)) if value.into_inner() == 1.0),
+            "a ready report must set the readiness gauge: {gauge:?}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            entries
+                .iter()
+                .all(|(composite, _, _, _)| composite.key().name() != METRIC_RUNTIME_READINESS_DEGRADED_TOTAL),
+            "a ready report without reasons must not count degradation"
+        );
 
+        let entries = record(DependencyReadinessReport {
+            readiness: DependencyReadiness {
+                storage_ready: false,
+                ..ready
+            },
+            degraded_reasons: vec![ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetaWriteBlocked],
+            storage_details: None,
+        });
+        let gauge = entries.iter().find_map(|(composite, _, _, value)| {
+            (composite.kind() == MetricKind::Gauge && composite.key().name() == METRIC_RUNTIME_READINESS_READY).then_some(value)
+        });
+        assert!(
+            matches!(gauge, Some(DebugValue::Gauge(value)) if value.into_inner() == 0.0),
+            "a degraded report must clear the readiness gauge: {gauge:?}"
+        );
         let degraded = entries.iter().find_map(|(composite, _, _, value)| {
             (composite.kind() == MetricKind::Counter
                 && composite.key().name() == METRIC_RUNTIME_READINESS_DEGRADED_TOTAL
                 && composite
                     .key()
                     .labels()
-                    .any(|label| label.key() == "reason" && label.value() == "pool_metadata_check_timeout"))
+                    .any(|label| label.key() == "reason" && label.value() == "pool_meta_write_blocked"))
             .then_some(value)
         });
-        assert!(degraded.is_none());
-
-        let timeout = entries.iter().find_map(|(composite, _, _, value)| {
-            (composite.kind() == MetricKind::Counter && composite.key().name() == METRIC_POOL_METADATA_CHECK_TIMEOUT_TOTAL)
-                .then_some(value)
-        });
-        assert!(matches!(timeout, Some(DebugValue::Counter(1))));
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    #[serial]
-    async fn node_pool_metadata_timeout_preserves_recent_writable_observation() {
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-        async_with_vars([(rustfs_config::ENV_HEALTH_READINESS_CACHE_TTL_MS, Some("60000"))], async {
-            let writable = StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                ready: true,
-                pool_metadata_reason: None,
-            };
-            assert_eq!(apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(writable, Instant::now()), writable);
-
-            let timed_out = apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(
-                StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                    ready: false,
-                    pool_metadata_reason: Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout),
-                },
-                Instant::now(),
-            );
-
-            assert!(timed_out.ready);
-            assert_eq!(timed_out.pool_metadata_reason, Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout));
-        })
-        .await;
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    #[serial]
-    async fn node_pool_metadata_timeout_fails_closed_with_empty_cache() {
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-        async_with_vars([(rustfs_config::ENV_HEALTH_READINESS_CACHE_TTL_MS, Some("60000"))], async {
-            let timed_out = apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(
-                StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                    ready: false,
-                    pool_metadata_reason: Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout),
-                },
-                Instant::now(),
-            );
-
-            assert!(!timed_out.ready);
-            assert_eq!(timed_out.pool_metadata_reason, Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout));
-        })
-        .await;
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn node_pool_metadata_timeout_fails_closed_after_cache_ttl() {
-        let mut cache = NodePoolMetadataReadinessCache::default();
-        let observed_at = Instant::now();
-        let ttl = Duration::from_secs(60);
-        let writable = StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-            ready: true,
-            pool_metadata_reason: None,
-        };
-        assert_eq!(cache.observe(writable, observed_at, observed_at, ttl), writable);
-
-        let timed_out = cache.observe(
-            StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                ready: false,
-                pool_metadata_reason: Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout),
-            },
-            observed_at + Duration::from_secs(61),
-            observed_at + Duration::from_secs(61),
-            ttl,
+        assert!(
+            matches!(degraded, Some(DebugValue::Counter(1))),
+            "each degraded reason must be counted once: {degraded:?}"
         );
-
-        assert!(!timed_out.ready);
-        assert_eq!(timed_out.pool_metadata_reason, Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout));
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    #[serial]
-    async fn node_pool_metadata_timeout_never_hides_confirmed_block() {
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-        async_with_vars([(rustfs_config::ENV_HEALTH_READINESS_CACHE_TTL_MS, Some("60000"))], async {
-            let blocked = StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                ready: false,
-                pool_metadata_reason: Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetaWriteBlocked),
-            };
-            let newer_observation = Instant::now();
-            assert_eq!(apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(blocked, newer_observation), blocked);
-            assert_eq!(
-                apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(
-                    StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                        ready: true,
-                        pool_metadata_reason: None,
-                    },
-                    newer_observation
-                        .checked_sub(Duration::from_secs(1))
-                        .expect("test instant has elapsed time"),
-                ),
-                StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                    ready: true,
-                    pool_metadata_reason: None,
-                }
-            );
-
-            let timed_out = apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(
-                StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                    ready: false,
-                    pool_metadata_reason: Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout),
-                },
-                Instant::now(),
-            );
-
-            assert_eq!(timed_out, blocked);
-        })
-        .await;
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-    }
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    #[serial]
-    async fn node_pool_metadata_timeout_fails_closed_without_fresh_observation() {
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
-        async_with_vars([(rustfs_config::ENV_HEALTH_READINESS_CACHE_TTL_MS, Some("60000"))], async {
-            let writable = StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                ready: true,
-                pool_metadata_reason: None,
-            };
-            assert_eq!(apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(writable, Instant::now()), writable);
-
-            async_with_vars([(rustfs_config::ENV_HEALTH_READINESS_CACHE_TTL_MS, Some("0"))], async {
-                let timed_out = apply_node_pool_metadata_timeout_policy(
-                    StorageWriteReadinessStatus {
-                        ready: false,
-                        pool_metadata_reason: Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout),
-                    },
-                    Instant::now(),
-                );
-
-                assert!(!timed_out.ready);
-                assert_eq!(timed_out.pool_metadata_reason, Some(ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout));
-            })
-            .await;
-        })
-        .await;
-        reset_node_pool_metadata_readiness_cache();
     }
 
     #[test]

rustfs/src/shared_types.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ pub enum ReadinessDegradedReason {
     ObjectReadStalled,
     ObjectWriteStalled,
     PoolMetaWriteBlocked,
-    PoolMetadataCheckTimeout,
     StorageReadinessCheckTimeout,
     ClusterHealthTimeout,
     PeerHealthUnavailable,
@@ -65,7 +64,6 @@ impl ReadinessDegradedReason {
             ReadinessDegradedReason::ObjectReadStalled => "object_read_stalled",
             ReadinessDegradedReason::ObjectWriteStalled => "object_write_stalled",
             ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetaWriteBlocked => "pool_meta_write_blocked",
-            ReadinessDegradedReason::PoolMetadataCheckTimeout => "pool_metadata_check_timeout",
             ReadinessDegradedReason::StorageReadinessCheckTimeout => "storage_readiness_check_timeout",
             ReadinessDegradedReason::ClusterHealthTimeout => "cluster_health_timeout",
             ReadinessDegradedReason::PeerHealthUnavailable => "peer_health_unavailable",

rustfs/src/storage/rpc/http_service.rs

@@ -1664,6 +1664,9 @@ async fn handle_put_file(req: Request<Incoming>, require_auth: bool) -> Response
             INTERNODE_TRANSPORT_BACKEND_TCP_HTTP,
         )
     {
+        if crate::storage::storage_api::rpc_auth_is_resource_exhausted(&e) {
+            return response_with_status(StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE, "RPC replay admission exhausted");
+        }
         log_internode_rpc_response_failure!(
             StatusCode::FORBIDDEN,
             &path,

rustfs/src/storage/storage_api.rs

@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ pub(crate) mod ecstore_rpc {
         KMS_SIGNAL_SUBSYSTEM, LocalPeerS3Client, MAX_NETWORK_PROBE_BYTES, MAX_NETWORK_PROBE_DURATION, NetworkPeerProbeClient,
         NetworkPeerProbeError, PEER_RESTDRY_RUN, PEER_RESTSIGNAL, PEER_RESTSUB_SYS, PeerRestClient, PeerS3Client,
         SERVICE_SIGNAL_REFRESH_CONFIG, SERVICE_SIGNAL_RELOAD_DYNAMIC, TONIC_RPC_PREFIX, check_and_record_signed_rpc_nonce,
-        decode_heal_bucket_rpc_options, normalize_tonic_rpc_audience, rpc_background_admission,
+        decode_heal_bucket_rpc_options, normalize_tonic_rpc_audience, rpc_auth_is_resource_exhausted, rpc_background_admission,
         sign_ns_scanner_capability_with_checkpoint_coverage, sign_put_file_capability, sign_tonic_rpc_response_proof,
         tonic_boot_epoch_challenge, tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers, tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason,
         verify_put_file_auth_trailer, verify_rpc_signature, verify_tonic_canonical_body_digest,
@@ -630,8 +630,8 @@ pub(crate) mod ecstore_rpc {
     };
     #[cfg(test)]
     pub(crate) use rustfs_ecstore::api::rpc::{
-        ScannerScopedDirtyUsageAckEntry, build_put_file_auth_trailer, gen_signature_headers, gen_tonic_replay_scope_headers,
-        gen_tonic_signature_headers, set_tonic_canonical_body_digest, verify_put_file_capability,
+        RpcReplayCacheAdmissionError, ScannerScopedDirtyUsageAckEntry, build_put_file_auth_trailer, gen_signature_headers,
+        gen_tonic_replay_scope_headers, gen_tonic_signature_headers, set_tonic_canonical_body_digest, verify_put_file_capability,
         verify_tonic_boot_epoch_response, verify_tonic_rpc_response_proof,
     };
 }
@@ -2433,6 +2433,10 @@ pub(crate) fn verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap(
     ecstore_rpc::verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap(audience, path, headers, allow_replay_scope_bootstrap)
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn rpc_auth_is_resource_exhausted(error: &std::io::Error) -> bool {
+    ecstore_rpc::rpc_auth_is_resource_exhausted(error)
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason(error: &std::io::Error) -> &'static str {
     ecstore_rpc::tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason(error)
 }

rustfs/src/storage_api.rs

@@ -186,10 +186,13 @@ pub(crate) mod server {
         pub(crate) use crate::storage::storage_api::ecstore_disk::{
             DiskAPI, DiskOption, new_disk, with_background_resource_unit,
         };
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        pub(crate) use crate::storage::storage_api::ecstore_rpc::RpcReplayCacheAdmissionError;
         pub(crate) use crate::storage::storage_api::{
-            RemoteBackgroundIo, ServerContextSlot, TONIC_RPC_PREFIX, normalize_tonic_rpc_audience, rpc_background_admission,
-            tonic_boot_epoch_challenge, tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers, tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason,
-            verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap, with_remote_background_io,
+            RemoteBackgroundIo, ServerContextSlot, TONIC_RPC_PREFIX, normalize_tonic_rpc_audience,
+            rpc_auth_is_resource_exhausted, rpc_background_admission, tonic_boot_epoch_challenge,
+            tonic_boot_epoch_response_headers, tonic_rpc_auth_failure_reason, verify_tonic_rpc_signature_with_bootstrap,
+            with_remote_background_io,
         };
 
         pub(crate) fn try_current_local_node_name() -> Option<String> {

rustfs/src/table_catalog/mod.rs

@@ -181,10 +181,6 @@ const WAREHOUSE_INDEX_STATE_FILE: &str = "state.json";
 const TABLE_RENAME_ROOT: &str = "renames";
 const WAREHOUSE_INDEX_MAX_PREFIX_DEPTH: usize = 64;
 const TABLE_DATA_PLANE_INDEX_MISS_SCAN_MAX_CATALOG_OBJECTS: usize = 4096;
-/// Listing pages an index-miss scan may consume before failing closed. Only
-/// table entries count toward the object limit, so maintenance reports and
-/// other catalog objects cannot trip it; this bounds the listing work itself.
-const TABLE_DATA_PLANE_INDEX_MISS_SCAN_MAX_PAGES: usize = 64;
 const EXTERNAL_CATALOG_ROOT: &str = "external-catalog";
 const EXTERNAL_CATALOG_BRIDGE_FILE: &str = "bridge.json";
 const MAINTENANCE_ROOT: &str = "maintenance";

rustfs/src/table_catalog/store/mod.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub(super) use backup_types::{TableCatalogBackupStatus, TableCatalogRestoreStatu
 use manifest::table_catalog_backing_manifest;
 pub(crate) use object::ObjectTableCatalogStore;
 #[cfg(test)]
-pub(super) use object::{bounded_table_entry_objects_for_data_plane_scan, maintenance_subtree_skip_cursor};
+pub(super) use object::bounded_table_entry_objects_for_data_plane_scan;
 
 struct PeriodicTableMaintenanceQueueGuard<'a> {
     table_id: &'a str,
@@ -1055,6 +1055,20 @@ pub(crate) trait TableCatalogObjectBackend: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static {
         ))
     }
 
+    /// GET-equivalent table ownership entries, selected before metadata reads.
+    /// Report history must not consume pages. No ordinary S3 list fallback is safe.
+    async fn list_table_entry_objects_page(
+        &self,
+        _bucket: &str,
+        _prefix: &str,
+        _start_after: Option<&str>,
+        _limit: NonZeroUsize,
+    ) -> TableCatalogStoreResult<TableCatalogObjectListPage> {
+        Err(TableCatalogStoreError::Unsupported(
+            "authoritative table-entry pagination is not supported by this backend".to_string(),
+        ))
+    }
+
     /// GET-equivalent, bounded enumeration for publishing authoritative indexes.
     /// Backends without this contract must not fall back to an ordinary S3 list.
     async fn list_catalog_objects_page(
@@ -2615,6 +2629,33 @@ where
         })
     }
 
+    async fn list_table_entry_objects_page(
+        &self,
+        bucket: &str,
+        prefix: &str,
+        start_after: Option<&str>,
+        limit: NonZeroUsize,
+    ) -> TableCatalogStoreResult<TableCatalogObjectListPage> {
+        let max_keys = i32::try_from(limit.get())
+            .map_err(|_| TableCatalogStoreError::Invalid("catalog page size exceeds storage API range".to_string()))?;
+        let page = self
+            .store
+            .clone()
+            .list_identifier_tree_leaves_authoritative(
+                bucket,
+                prefix,
+                TABLE_ENTRY_FILE,
+                start_after.map(str::to_string),
+                max_keys,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|err| storage_error_to_catalog("list authoritative table entries", err))?;
+        Ok(TableCatalogObjectListPage {
+            objects: page.objects.into_iter().map(|object| object.name).collect(),
+            is_truncated: page.is_truncated,
+        })
+    }
+
     async fn list_catalog_objects_page(
         &self,
         bucket: &str,

rustfs/src/table_catalog/store/object.rs

@@ -430,20 +430,6 @@ pub(in crate::table_catalog) fn bounded_table_entry_objects_for_data_plane_scan(
     Ok(entries)
 }
 
-/// When `object` lies in a table's `maintenance/` subtree, the cursor that skips
-/// the rest of that subtree. Only keys under that directory are skipped, never
-/// the table entry or any other table beside it.
-pub(in crate::table_catalog) fn maintenance_subtree_skip_cursor(prefix: &str, object: &str) -> Option<String> {
-    let relative = object.strip_prefix(prefix)?;
-    let mut segments = relative.splitn(5, '/');
-    let namespace = segments.next()?;
-    let root = segments.next()?;
-    let table = segments.next()?;
-    let maintenance = segments.next()?;
-    (root == TABLE_ROOT && maintenance == MAINTENANCE_ROOT && segments.next().is_some())
-        .then(|| format!("{prefix}{namespace}/{root}/{table}/{maintenance}/\u{10ffff}"))
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct ObjectTableCatalogStore<B> {
     pub(in crate::table_catalog) backend: B,
@@ -2861,41 +2847,21 @@ where
         max_catalog_objects: usize,
     ) -> TableCatalogStoreResult<Vec<String>> {
         let mut objects = Vec::new();
-        let mut entries = 0_usize;
-        let mut pages = 0_usize;
         let mut cursor: Option<String> = None;
         let prefix = self.paths.namespace_entries_prefix(table_bucket);
         let limit = NonZeroUsize::new(TABLE_CATALOG_LIST_MAX_KEYS)
             .ok_or_else(|| TableCatalogStoreError::Internal("table catalog listing page size must be positive".to_string()))?;
         loop {
-            // A page that ends inside a table's maintenance subtree skips the
-            // rest of it, so each entry can waste at most one page: honest
-            // catalogs scale with their entries while a report flood under one
-            // table stays within the fixed budget.
-            if pages >= TABLE_DATA_PLANE_INDEX_MISS_SCAN_MAX_PAGES.saturating_add(entries) {
-                return Err(TableCatalogStoreError::Unavailable(format!(
-                    "table data-plane warehouse-index miss scan exceeds the {TABLE_DATA_PLANE_INDEX_MISS_SCAN_MAX_PAGES}-page listing budget"
-                )));
-            }
             let page = self
                 .backend
-                .list_objects_page(self.catalog_bucket(), &prefix, cursor.as_deref(), limit)
+                .list_table_entry_objects_page(self.catalog_bucket(), &prefix, cursor.as_deref(), limit)
                 .await?;
-            pages += 1;
-            let next_cursor = page
-                .objects
-                .last()
-                .map(|last| maintenance_subtree_skip_cursor(&prefix, last).unwrap_or_else(|| last.clone()));
-            entries += page
-                .objects
-                .iter()
-                .filter(|object| object.ends_with(TABLE_ENTRY_FILE))
-                .count();
+            let next_cursor = page.objects.last().cloned();
             objects.extend(page.objects);
             if !page.is_truncated {
                 return bounded_table_entry_objects_for_data_plane_scan(objects, false, max_catalog_objects);
             }
-            if entries > max_catalog_objects {
+            if objects.len() > max_catalog_objects {
                 return bounded_table_entry_objects_for_data_plane_scan(objects, true, max_catalog_objects);
             }
             let Some(next_cursor) = next_cursor else {

rustfs/src/table_catalog/test_support.rs

@@ -594,6 +594,29 @@ impl TestCatalogObjectBackend {
         state.list_calls = 0;
     }
 
+    async fn overridden_list_page(&self, bucket: &str, prefix: &str) -> Option<TableCatalogObjectListPage> {
+        let pause = self
+            .state
+            .lock()
+            .await
+            .list_page_pauses
+            .get_mut(&(bucket.to_string(), prefix.to_string()))
+            .and_then(std::collections::VecDeque::pop_front);
+        if let Some(pause) = pause {
+            pause.started.notify_one();
+            pause.release.notified().await;
+        }
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().await;
+        let page = state
+            .list_page_overrides
+            .get_mut(&(bucket.to_string(), prefix.to_string()))
+            .and_then(std::collections::VecDeque::pop_front);
+        if page.is_some() {
+            state.list_calls += 1;
+        }
+        page
+    }
+
     pub(crate) async fn write_lock_acquisition_count(&self, bucket: &str, object: &str) -> usize {
         self.state
             .lock()
@@ -1231,29 +1254,7 @@ impl TableCatalogObjectBackend for TestCatalogObjectBackend {
         start_after: Option<&str>,
         limit: NonZeroUsize,
     ) -> TableCatalogStoreResult<TableCatalogObjectListPage> {
-        let pause = self
-            .state
-            .lock()
-            .await
-            .list_page_pauses
-            .get_mut(&(bucket.to_string(), prefix.to_string()))
-            .and_then(std::collections::VecDeque::pop_front);
-        if let Some(pause) = pause {
-            pause.started.notify_one();
-            pause.release.notified().await;
-        }
-        let injected = {
-            let mut state = self.state.lock().await;
-            let page = state
-                .list_page_overrides
-                .get_mut(&(bucket.to_string(), prefix.to_string()))
-                .and_then(std::collections::VecDeque::pop_front);
-            if page.is_some() {
-                state.list_calls += 1;
-            }
-            page
-        };
-        if let Some(page) = injected {
+        if let Some(page) = self.overridden_list_page(bucket, prefix).await {
             return Ok(page);
         }
         let mut objects = self.list_objects(bucket, prefix).await?;
@@ -1266,6 +1267,34 @@ impl TableCatalogObjectBackend for TestCatalogObjectBackend {
         Ok(TableCatalogObjectListPage { objects, is_truncated })
     }
 
+    async fn list_table_entry_objects_page(
+        &self,
+        bucket: &str,
+        prefix: &str,
+        start_after: Option<&str>,
+        limit: NonZeroUsize,
+    ) -> TableCatalogStoreResult<TableCatalogObjectListPage> {
+        if let Some(page) = self.overridden_list_page(bucket, prefix).await {
+            return Ok(page);
+        }
+        // This in-memory backend has no erasure replicas. Production selects
+        // candidates before metadata I/O and then proves each key at read quorum.
+        let mut inventory = self.list_objects_for_cleanup(bucket, prefix).await?;
+        inventory.retain(|object| object.key.rsplit('/').next() == Some(TABLE_ENTRY_FILE));
+        if inventory
+            .iter()
+            .any(|object| object.version_id.is_some() || object.delete_marker)
+        {
+            return Err(TableCatalogStoreError::Unavailable("versioned table ownership entry".to_string()));
+        }
+        let mut objects = inventory.into_iter().map(|object| object.key).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        objects.sort();
+        objects.retain(|object| start_after.is_none_or(|after| object.as_str() > after));
+        let is_truncated = objects.len() >= limit.get();
+        objects.truncate(limit.get());
+        Ok(TableCatalogObjectListPage { objects, is_truncated })
+    }
+
     async fn list_objects_for_cleanup(
         &self,
         bucket: &str,

rustfs/src/table_catalog/tests.rs

@@ -1814,43 +1814,6 @@ fn table_data_plane_index_miss_scan_rejects_catalogs_above_its_object_limit() {
     );
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn table_data_plane_index_miss_scan_skips_only_a_table_maintenance_subtree() {
-    let prefix = "catalog/namespaces/";
-    let skip = |object: &str| maintenance_subtree_skip_cursor(prefix, &format!("{prefix}{object}"));
-    assert_eq!(
-        skip("sales/tables/orders/maintenance/hash/jobs/job.json").as_deref(),
-        Some("catalog/namespaces/sales/tables/orders/maintenance/\u{10ffff}")
-    );
-    assert_eq!(
-        skip("sales/tables/orders/maintenance/hash/config.json").as_deref(),
-        Some("catalog/namespaces/sales/tables/orders/maintenance/\u{10ffff}")
-    );
-    // A table or namespace literally named "maintenance" is not a subtree.
-    assert_eq!(skip("sales/tables/maintenance/table-entry.json"), None);
-    assert_eq!(skip("maintenance/tables/orders/table-entry.json"), None);
-    assert_eq!(
-        skip("maintenance/tables/maintenance/maintenance/hash/jobs/job.json").as_deref(),
-        Some("catalog/namespaces/maintenance/tables/maintenance/maintenance/\u{10ffff}")
-    );
-    // Entries, bridges, views and a bare file named maintenance never jump.
-    assert_eq!(skip("sales/tables/orders/table-entry.json"), None);
-    assert_eq!(skip("sales/tables/orders/external-catalog/bridge.json"), None);
-    assert_eq!(skip("sales/views/report/maintenance/hash/jobs/job.json"), None);
-    assert_eq!(skip("sales/tables/orders/maintenance"), None);
-    assert_eq!(skip("sales/namespace.json"), None);
-    assert_eq!(maintenance_subtree_skip_cursor(prefix, "other/sales/tables/orders/maintenance/x/y"), None);
-    // The jump lands before the entry that follows the subtree.
-    assert!(
-        "catalog/namespaces/sales/tables/orders/maintenance/\u{10ffff}"
-            < "catalog/namespaces/sales/tables/orders/table-entry.json"
-    );
-    assert!(
-        "catalog/namespaces/sales/tables/orders/maintenance/\u{10ffff}"
-            < "catalog/namespaces/sales/tables/orders0/table-entry.json"
-    );
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn catalog_lock_authority_failures_are_typed_as_unavailable() {
     for error in [
@@ -6880,39 +6843,123 @@ async fn seed_noise_table_with_job_reports(
 
 #[tokio::test]
 async fn table_data_plane_index_miss_scan_pages_scale_with_entries_not_job_reports() {
+    let mut baseline_pages = None;
+    for reports in [0, 80] {
+        let backend = TestCatalogObjectBackend::default();
+        let store = ObjectTableCatalogStore::new(backend.clone());
+        let bucket = "analytics";
+        let namespace = Namespace::parse("sales").expect("namespace should parse");
+        let table = IdentifierSegment::parse("orders").expect("table should parse");
+        let current = default_table_metadata_file_path(&namespace, &table, "00001.metadata.json");
+        let object = "tables/table-id/data/part-00001.parquet";
+
+        seed_table_for_metadata_maintenance(&store, bucket, &namespace, &table, current).await;
+        backend
+            .delete_object(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &store.paths.warehouse_index_entry_path(bucket, "tables/table-id/"))
+            .await
+            .expect("warehouse index entry should be removed");
+        // Keep the same table inventory with and without historical job reports.
+        let noise_namespace = Namespace::parse("noise").expect("namespace should parse");
+        for index in 0..1000 {
+            let noise_table = IdentifierSegment::parse(format!("noise-{index:04}")).expect("table should parse");
+            seed_noise_table_with_job_reports(&store, bucket, &noise_namespace, &noise_table, &format!("noise-{index}"), reports)
+                .await;
+        }
+        backend.reset_call_counts().await;
+
+        let resource = table_data_plane_resource_for_object(&store, bucket, object)
+            .await
+            .expect("job history must not exhaust the index-miss listing budget")
+            .expect("the scan must retain table-aware protection");
+        assert_eq!(resource.table, "orders");
+        let pages = backend.list_call_count().await;
+        assert!(pages > 0, "the missing index must exercise enumeration");
+        if let Some(expected) = baseline_pages {
+            assert_eq!(pages, expected, "job history must not consume ownership listing pages");
+        } else {
+            baseline_pages = Some(pages);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn table_entry_scan_preserves_nested_namespaces_named_like_maintenance() {
+    for name in ["sales", "sales.tables.orders.maintenance"] {
+        let backend = TestCatalogObjectBackend::default();
+        let store = ObjectTableCatalogStore::new(backend.clone());
+        let bucket = "analytics";
+        let namespace = Namespace::parse(name).expect("namespace should parse");
+        let owner = IdentifierSegment::parse("zz-owner").expect("owner should parse");
+        let current = default_table_metadata_file_path(&namespace, &owner, "00001.metadata.json");
+        seed_table_for_metadata_maintenance(&store, bucket, &namespace, &owner, current).await;
+        backend
+            .delete_object(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &store.paths.warehouse_index_entry_path(bucket, "tables/table-id/"))
+            .await
+            .expect("remove the owner index to exercise catalog fallback");
+        for index in 0..1000 {
+            let table = IdentifierSegment::parse(format!("table-{index:04}")).expect("table should parse");
+            seed_noise_table_with_job_reports(&store, bucket, &namespace, &table, &format!("id-{index}"), 0).await;
+        }
+        let resource = store
+            .resolve_table_data_plane_resource_for_authorization(bucket, "tables/table-id/data/part.parquet")
+            .await
+            .expect("registered table entries must remain enumerable")
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("namespace {name} lost its table owner across a page boundary"));
+        assert_eq!(resource.namespace, name);
+        assert_eq!(resource.table, "zz-owner");
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn object_maintenance_preserves_an_owner_after_nested_namespace_page_boundary() {
     let backend = TestCatalogObjectBackend::default();
     let store = ObjectTableCatalogStore::new(backend.clone());
     let bucket = "analytics";
     let namespace = Namespace::parse("sales").expect("namespace should parse");
     let table = IdentifierSegment::parse("orders").expect("table should parse");
-    let current = default_table_metadata_file_path(&namespace, &table, "00001.metadata.json");
-    let object = "tables/table-id/data/part-00001.parquet";
-
-    seed_table_for_metadata_maintenance(&store, bucket, &namespace, &table, current).await;
+    let current = default_table_metadata_file_path(&namespace, &table, "00002.metadata.json");
+    let orphan = default_table_metadata_file_path(&namespace, &table, "00001.metadata.json");
+    seed_table_for_metadata_maintenance(&store, bucket, &namespace, &table, current.clone()).await;
     backend
-        .delete_object(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &store.paths.warehouse_index_entry_path(bucket, "tables/table-id/"))
+        .seed_object(bucket, &current, br#"{"metadata-log":[]}"#.to_vec())
+        .await;
+    backend.seed_object(bucket, &orphan, br#"{"metadata-log":[]}"#.to_vec()).await;
+    let report = store
+        .plan_table_metadata_maintenance(bucket, "sales", "orders", 0)
         .await
-        .expect("warehouse index entry should be removed");
-    // 1000 honest tables with 80 historical job reports each: ~80 pages of
-    // objects, beyond the fixed page budget on its own, yet well within one
-    // extra page per table entry.
-    let noise_namespace = Namespace::parse("noise").expect("namespace should parse");
-    for index in 0..1000 {
-        let noise_table = IdentifierSegment::parse(format!("noise-{index:04}")).expect("table should parse");
-        seed_noise_table_with_job_reports(&store, bucket, &noise_namespace, &noise_table, &format!("noise-{index}"), 80).await;
-    }
-    backend.reset_call_counts().await;
+        .expect("the unowned old metadata should initially be a cleanup candidate");
+    assert_eq!(report.deletable_metadata_locations, vec![orphan.clone()]);
 
-    let resource = table_data_plane_resource_for_object(&store, bucket, object)
+    let nested = Namespace::parse("sales.tables.orders.maintenance").expect("nested namespace should parse");
+    store
+        .create_namespace(test_namespace_entry(bucket, &nested))
         .await
-        .expect("job history must not exhaust the index-miss listing budget")
-        .expect("the scan must retain table-aware protection");
-    assert_eq!(resource.table, "orders");
-    let pages = backend.list_call_count().await;
+        .expect("nested namespace should be created");
+    for index in 0..1100 {
+        let noise = IdentifierSegment::parse(format!("table-{index:04}")).expect("table should parse");
+        seed_noise_table_with_job_reports(&store, bucket, &nested, &noise, &format!("noise-{index}"), 0).await;
+    }
+    let owner = IdentifierSegment::parse("zz-owner").expect("owner should parse");
+    let mut other = test_table_entry(bucket, &nested, &owner, orphan.clone());
+    other.table_id = "other-id".to_string();
+    other.table_uuid = "other-uuid".to_string();
+    other.warehouse_location = format!("s3://{bucket}/tables/other-id");
+    store
+        .create_table(other)
+        .await
+        .expect("another table may adopt the metadata before cleanup");
+    let deletes_before = backend.state.lock().await.delete_attempts.clone();
+    let result = store
+        .delete_table_metadata_maintenance_report(bucket, "sales", "orders", report)
+        .await;
     assert!(
-        pages > TABLE_DATA_PLANE_INDEX_MISS_SCAN_MAX_PAGES && pages <= TABLE_DATA_PLANE_INDEX_MISS_SCAN_MAX_PAGES + 1001,
-        "the honest catalog needs {pages} pages: more than the fixed budget, at most one extra per entry"
+        backend
+            .object_exists(bucket, &orphan)
+            .await
+            .expect("read back the current owner's metadata")
     );
+    assert_eq!(backend.state.lock().await.delete_attempts, deletes_before);
+    assert_matches!(result, Err(TableCatalogStoreError::Conflict(message)) if message.contains("exclusive metadata"));
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]
@@ -6930,8 +6977,7 @@ async fn table_data_plane_index_miss_scan_bounds_a_job_report_flood_under_one_ta
         .delete_object(RUSTFS_META_BUCKET, &store.paths.warehouse_index_entry_path(bucket, "tables/table-id/"))
         .await
         .expect("warehouse index entry should be removed");
-    // A table-scoped principal floods one table's job history: 70 reports per
-    // page budget would have exhausted the old fixed budget bucket-wide.
+    // Historical report volume must not consume ownership pagination.
     for job in 0..70_000 {
         backend
             .seed_object(
@@ -6951,7 +6997,7 @@ async fn table_data_plane_index_miss_scan_bounds_a_job_report_flood_under_one_ta
         .expect("the scan must retain table-aware protection");
     assert_eq!(resource.table, "orders");
     let pages = backend.list_call_count().await;
-    assert!(pages <= 2, "the page that ends inside the flood skips the rest of it, not {pages} pages");
+    assert!(pages <= 2, "report history must not consume {pages} ownership pages");
 }
 
 #[tokio::test]

scripts/test_download_release_asset.py

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Exercise the release download entry point without fetching external tools."""
+
+import hashlib
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+
+
+SCRIPT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / ".github/actions/setup/download_release_asset.py"
+
+
+class ReleaseAssetTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.temp = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.addCleanup(self.temp.cleanup)
+        self.root = Path(self.temp.name)
+        self.body = b"verified tool fixture"
+        self.sha256 = hashlib.sha256(self.body).hexdigest()
+        self.asset = {"name": "tool.zip", "id": 17, "size": len(self.body), "digest": "sha256:" + self.sha256}
+        self.metadata = {"tag_name": "v1.0", "assets": [self.asset]}
+        self.output = self.root / "tool.zip"
+        self.output.write_bytes(b"previous file")
+        self.calls = self.root / "calls.jsonl"
+        gh = self.root / "gh"
+        gh.write_text(f"#!{sys.executable}\n" + '''import json,os,pathlib,sys
+args=sys.argv[1:]
+with pathlib.Path(os.environ['CALLS']).open('a') as out:out.write(json.dumps(args)+'\\n')
+if '/releases/tags/' in args[-1]:
+    if os.environ.get('FAIL_METADATA'):raise SystemExit(19)
+    print(os.environ['METADATA'])
+else:
+    if os.environ.get('FAIL_DOWNLOAD'):raise SystemExit(23)
+    sys.stdout.buffer.write(bytes.fromhex(os.environ['BODY']))
+''')
+        gh.chmod(0o755)
+        self.env = dict(os.environ, PATH=str(self.root) + os.pathsep + os.environ["PATH"], CALLS=str(self.calls), GH_TOKEN="synthetic-do-not-log-token")
+
+    def invoke(self, extra=(), **env):
+        environment = dict(self.env, METADATA=json.dumps(self.metadata), BODY=self.body.hex(), **env)
+        return subprocess.run([sys.executable, str(SCRIPT), "--repository", "owner/repo", "--tag", "v1.0", "--asset", "tool.zip", "--output", str(self.output), *extra], env=environment, capture_output=True, text=True)
+
+    def assert_failed_atomically(self, result):
+        self.assertNotEqual(result.returncode, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.output.read_bytes(), b"previous file")
+        self.assertEqual(list(self.root.glob(".release-asset-*")), [])
+        self.assertNotIn(self.env["GH_TOKEN"], result.stdout + result.stderr)
+
+    def test_valid_asset_uses_api_and_installs_only_verified_bytes(self):
+        result = self.invoke(("--sha256", self.sha256))
+        self.assertEqual(result.returncode, 0, result.stderr)
+        self.assertEqual(self.output.read_bytes(), self.body)
+        calls = [json.loads(line) for line in self.calls.read_text().splitlines()]
+        self.assertEqual(calls[0], ["api", "--hostname", "github.com", "repos/owner/repo/releases/tags/v1.0"])
+        self.assertEqual(calls[1], ["api", "--hostname", "github.com", "--header", "Accept: application/octet-stream", "repos/owner/repo/releases/assets/17"])
+        self.assertNotIn(self.env["GH_TOKEN"], json.dumps(calls) + result.stdout + result.stderr)
+
+    def test_download_failure_preserves_destination(self):
+        self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke(FAIL_DOWNLOAD="1"))
+
+    def test_missing_gh_fails_without_replacing_destination(self):
+        (self.root / "gh").unlink()
+        self.env["PATH"] = str(self.root)
+        self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke())
+
+    def test_metadata_failure_preserves_destination(self):
+        self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke(FAIL_METADATA="1"))
+
+    def test_corrupt_download_fails_digest_validation(self):
+        self.body = b"modified tool fixture"
+        self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke())
+
+    def test_truncated_download_fails_size_validation(self):
+        self.asset["size"] += 1
+        self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke())
+
+    def test_pinned_digest_cannot_be_replaced_by_release_metadata(self):
+        self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke(("--sha256", "0" * 64)))
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.calls.read_text().splitlines()), 1)
+
+    def test_ambiguous_or_missing_assets_fail_before_download(self):
+        for assets in ([], [self.asset, self.asset]):
+            with self.subTest(assets=len(assets)):
+                self.metadata["assets"] = assets
+                self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke())
+
+    def test_metadata_tag_must_match_requested_version(self):
+        self.metadata["tag_name"] = "v2.0"
+        self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke())
+
+    def test_malformed_release_inventory_fails_before_download(self):
+        for metadata in ([], {"tag_name": "v1.0", "assets": None}, {"tag_name": "v1.0", "assets": [None]}):
+            with self.subTest(metadata=metadata):
+                self.metadata = metadata
+                self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke())
+
+    def test_missing_digest_or_invalid_identity_fails_before_download(self):
+        for field, value in [("digest", None), ("digest", "sha256:invalid"), ("id", True), ("id", 0), ("size", 0), ("size", 513 * 1024 * 1024)]:
+            with self.subTest(field=field, value=value):
+                self.asset[field] = value
+                self.assert_failed_atomically(self.invoke())
+                self.asset = {"name": "tool.zip", "id": 17, "size": len(self.body), "digest": "sha256:" + self.sha256}
+                self.metadata["assets"] = [self.asset]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()