S3 compatibility target

Reorganize and improve documentation
WIP front page garage
2026-08-14 08:03:11 +00:00 · 2021-12-06 17:18:45 +01:00 · 2021-12-06 16:33:01 +01:00 · 2021-12-06 15:33:43 +01:00 · 2021-12-06 15:17:47 +01:00 · 2021-12-06 13:15:50 +01:00
104 changed files with 6500 additions and 2087 deletions
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ steps:
      path: /etc/nix
    commands:
      - nix-shell --arg release false --run "cargo fmt -- --check"
-      - nix-shell --arg release false --run "cargo clippy -- --allow clippy::needless_borrow --allow  clippy::needless-return --deny warnings"
+      - nix-shell --arg release false --run "cargo clippy -- --deny warnings"

  - name: build
    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
@@ -80,38 +80,6 @@ steps:
      - nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --arg release false --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
      - nix-shell --arg release false --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)

-  - name: update cache
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    environment:
-      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_access_key_id
-      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_secret_access_key
-      NIX_PRIV_KEY:
-        from_secret: nix_priv_key
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - (umask 377 && echo $NIX_PRIV_KEY > /etc/nix/signing-key.sec)
-      - |
-        nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
-          $(nix-store -qR --include-outputs \
-            $(nix-build --no-out-link shell.nix --arg release false -A inputDerivation))
-      - |
-        nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
-          $(nix-store -qR --include-outputs \
-            $(nix-instantiate --argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --argstr compileMode test))
-      - |
-        nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
-          $(nix-store -qR --include-outputs \
-            $(nix-instantiate --argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --arg release false))
-    when:
-      event:
-      - cron
-
 trigger:
  event:
  - custom
@@ -212,27 +180,6 @@ steps:
    commands:
      - nix-shell --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)

-  - name: update cache
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    environment:
-      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_access_key_id
-      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_secret_access_key
-      NIX_PRIV_KEY:
-        from_secret: nix_priv_key
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - (umask 377 && echo $NIX_PRIV_KEY > /etc/nix/signing-key.sec)
-      - |
-        nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
-          $(nix-store -qR --include-outputs \
-            $(nix-instantiate --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true))
-
  - name: push static binary
    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
    volumes:
@@ -323,27 +270,6 @@ steps:
    commands:
      - nix-shell --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)

-  - name: update cache
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    environment:
-      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_access_key_id
-      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_secret_access_key
-      NIX_PRIV_KEY:
-        from_secret: nix_priv_key
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - (umask 377 && echo $NIX_PRIV_KEY > /etc/nix/signing-key.sec)
-      - |
-        nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
-          $(nix-store -qR --include-outputs \
-            $(nix-instantiate --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true))
-
  - name: push static binary
    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
    volumes:
@@ -423,27 +349,6 @@ steps:
    commands:
      - nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT

-  - name: update cache
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    environment:
-      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_access_key_id
-      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_secret_access_key
-      NIX_PRIV_KEY:
-        from_secret: nix_priv_key
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - (umask 377 && echo $NIX_PRIV_KEY > /etc/nix/signing-key.sec)
-      - |
-        nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
-          $(nix-store -qR --include-outputs \
-            $(nix-instantiate --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true))
-
  - name: push static binary
    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
    volumes:
@@ -523,27 +428,6 @@ steps:
    commands:
      - nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT

-  - name: update cache
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    environment:
-      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_access_key_id
-      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
-        from_secret: cache_aws_secret_access_key
-      NIX_PRIV_KEY:
-        from_secret: nix_priv_key
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - (umask 377 && echo $NIX_PRIV_KEY > /etc/nix/signing-key.sec)
-      - |
-        nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
-          $(nix-store -qR --include-outputs \
-            $(nix-instantiate --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true))
-
  - name: push static binary
    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
    volumes:
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "garage"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "bytes 1.1.0",
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "garage_api"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
 "base64",
 "bytes 1.1.0",
@@ -426,6 +426,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "http-range",
 "httpdate 0.3.2",
 "hyper",
+ "idna",
 "log",
 "md-5",
 "percent-encoding",
@@ -439,7 +440,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "garage_model"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "async-trait",
@@ -461,7 +462,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "garage_rpc"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "async-trait",
@@ -478,6 +479,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "rand",
 "rmp-serde 0.15.5",
 "serde",
+ "serde_bytes",
 "serde_json",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-stream",
@@ -485,7 +487,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "garage_table"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "bytes 1.1.0",
@@ -505,7 +507,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "garage_util"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
 "blake2",
 "chrono",
@@ -529,7 +531,7 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "garage_web"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
 "err-derive 0.3.0",
 "futures",
@@ -539,7 +541,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "garage_util",
 "http",
 "hyper",
- "idna",
 "log",
 "percent-encoding",
 ]
@@ -874,7 +875,8 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "netapp"
 version = "0.3.0"
-source = "git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp#57327f10e2536a89004f3a1def83ed16243c1a3e"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d202ff23744499a8e5d89a3199ca7b9a8aef9980a23b1b09d6508a8db2a118d2"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "async-trait",
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ in
 {
  cargo2nixVersion = "0.9.0";
  workspace = {
-    garage_util = rustPackages.unknown.garage_util."0.4.0";
-    garage_rpc = rustPackages.unknown.garage_rpc."0.4.0";
-    garage_table = rustPackages.unknown.garage_table."0.4.0";
-    garage_model = rustPackages.unknown.garage_model."0.4.0";
-    garage_api = rustPackages.unknown.garage_api."0.4.0";
-    garage_web = rustPackages.unknown.garage_web."0.4.0";
-    garage = rustPackages.unknown.garage."0.4.0";
+    garage_util = rustPackages.unknown.garage_util."0.5.0";
+    garage_rpc = rustPackages.unknown.garage_rpc."0.5.0";
+    garage_table = rustPackages.unknown.garage_table."0.5.0";
+    garage_model = rustPackages.unknown.garage_model."0.5.0";
+    garage_api = rustPackages.unknown.garage_api."0.5.0";
+    garage_web = rustPackages.unknown.garage_web."0.5.0";
+    garage = rustPackages.unknown.garage."0.5.0";
  };
  "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".aho-corasick."0.7.18" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "aho-corasick";
@@ -606,9 +606,9 @@ in
    };
  });
  
-  "unknown".garage."0.4.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
+  "unknown".garage."0.5.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "garage";
-    version = "0.4.0";
+    version = "0.5.0";
    registry = "unknown";
    src = fetchCrateLocal (workspaceSrc + "/src/garage");
    dependencies = {
@@ -616,17 +616,17 @@ in
      bytes = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".bytes."1.1.0" { inherit profileName; };
      futures = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
      futures_util = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures-util."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_api = rustPackages."unknown".garage_api."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_model = rustPackages."unknown".garage_model."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_rpc = rustPackages."unknown".garage_rpc."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_table = rustPackages."unknown".garage_table."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_web = rustPackages."unknown".garage_web."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_api = rustPackages."unknown".garage_api."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_model = rustPackages."unknown".garage_model."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_rpc = rustPackages."unknown".garage_rpc."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_table = rustPackages."unknown".garage_table."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_web = rustPackages."unknown".garage_web."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
      git_version = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".git-version."0.3.5" { inherit profileName; };
      hex = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hex."0.4.3" { inherit profileName; };
      sodiumoxide = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".kuska-sodiumoxide."0.2.5-0" { inherit profileName; };
      log = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".log."0.4.14" { inherit profileName; };
-      netapp = rustPackages."git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp".netapp."0.3.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      netapp = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".netapp."0.3.0" { inherit profileName; };
      pretty_env_logger = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".pretty_env_logger."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
      rand = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rand."0.8.4" { inherit profileName; };
      rmp_serde = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rmp-serde."0.15.5" { inherit profileName; };
@@ -638,9 +638,9 @@ in
    };
  });
  
-  "unknown".garage_api."0.4.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
+  "unknown".garage_api."0.5.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "garage_api";
-    version = "0.4.0";
+    version = "0.5.0";
    registry = "unknown";
    src = fetchCrateLocal (workspaceSrc + "/src/api");
    dependencies = {
@@ -651,15 +651,16 @@ in
      err_derive = buildRustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".err-derive."0.3.0" { profileName = "__noProfile"; };
      futures = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
      futures_util = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures-util."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_model = rustPackages."unknown".garage_model."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_table = rustPackages."unknown".garage_table."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_model = rustPackages."unknown".garage_model."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_table = rustPackages."unknown".garage_table."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
      hex = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hex."0.4.3" { inherit profileName; };
      hmac = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hmac."0.10.1" { inherit profileName; };
      http = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".http."0.2.5" { inherit profileName; };
      http_range = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".http-range."0.1.4" { inherit profileName; };
      httpdate = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".httpdate."0.3.2" { inherit profileName; };
      hyper = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hyper."0.14.13" { inherit profileName; };
+      idna = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".idna."0.2.3" { inherit profileName; };
      log = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".log."0.4.14" { inherit profileName; };
      md5 = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".md-5."0.9.1" { inherit profileName; };
      percent_encoding = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".percent-encoding."2.1.0" { inherit profileName; };
@@ -672,9 +673,9 @@ in
    };
  });
  
-  "unknown".garage_model."0.4.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
+  "unknown".garage_model."0.5.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "garage_model";
-    version = "0.4.0";
+    version = "0.5.0";
    registry = "unknown";
    src = fetchCrateLocal (workspaceSrc + "/src/model");
    dependencies = {
@@ -682,12 +683,12 @@ in
      async_trait = buildRustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".async-trait."0.1.51" { profileName = "__noProfile"; };
      futures = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
      futures_util = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures-util."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_rpc = rustPackages."unknown".garage_rpc."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_table = rustPackages."unknown".garage_table."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_rpc = rustPackages."unknown".garage_rpc."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_table = rustPackages."unknown".garage_table."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
      hex = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hex."0.4.3" { inherit profileName; };
      log = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".log."0.4.14" { inherit profileName; };
-      netapp = rustPackages."git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp".netapp."0.3.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      netapp = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".netapp."0.3.0" { inherit profileName; };
      rand = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rand."0.8.4" { inherit profileName; };
      rmp_serde = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rmp-serde."0.15.5" { inherit profileName; };
      serde = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".serde."1.0.130" { inherit profileName; };
@@ -697,9 +698,9 @@ in
    };
  });
  
-  "unknown".garage_rpc."0.4.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
+  "unknown".garage_rpc."0.5.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "garage_rpc";
-    version = "0.4.0";
+    version = "0.5.0";
    registry = "unknown";
    src = fetchCrateLocal (workspaceSrc + "/src/rpc");
    dependencies = {
@@ -708,25 +709,26 @@ in
      bytes = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".bytes."1.1.0" { inherit profileName; };
      futures = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
      futures_util = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures-util."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
      gethostname = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".gethostname."0.2.1" { inherit profileName; };
      hex = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hex."0.4.3" { inherit profileName; };
      hyper = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hyper."0.14.13" { inherit profileName; };
      sodiumoxide = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".kuska-sodiumoxide."0.2.5-0" { inherit profileName; };
      log = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".log."0.4.14" { inherit profileName; };
-      netapp = rustPackages."git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp".netapp."0.3.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      netapp = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".netapp."0.3.0" { inherit profileName; };
      rand = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rand."0.8.4" { inherit profileName; };
      rmp_serde = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rmp-serde."0.15.5" { inherit profileName; };
      serde = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".serde."1.0.130" { inherit profileName; };
+      serde_bytes = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".serde_bytes."0.11.5" { inherit profileName; };
      serde_json = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".serde_json."1.0.68" { inherit profileName; };
      tokio = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".tokio."1.12.0" { inherit profileName; };
      tokio_stream = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".tokio-stream."0.1.7" { inherit profileName; };
    };
  });
  
-  "unknown".garage_table."0.4.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
+  "unknown".garage_table."0.5.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "garage_table";
-    version = "0.4.0";
+    version = "0.5.0";
    registry = "unknown";
    src = fetchCrateLocal (workspaceSrc + "/src/table");
    dependencies = {
@@ -734,8 +736,8 @@ in
      bytes = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".bytes."1.1.0" { inherit profileName; };
      futures = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
      futures_util = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures-util."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_rpc = rustPackages."unknown".garage_rpc."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_rpc = rustPackages."unknown".garage_rpc."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
      hexdump = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hexdump."0.1.1" { inherit profileName; };
      log = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".log."0.4.14" { inherit profileName; };
      rand = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rand."0.8.4" { inherit profileName; };
@@ -747,9 +749,9 @@ in
    };
  });
  
-  "unknown".garage_util."0.4.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
+  "unknown".garage_util."0.5.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "garage_util";
-    version = "0.4.0";
+    version = "0.5.0";
    registry = "unknown";
    src = fetchCrateLocal (workspaceSrc + "/src/util");
    dependencies = {
@@ -761,7 +763,7 @@ in
      http = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".http."0.2.5" { inherit profileName; };
      hyper = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hyper."0.14.13" { inherit profileName; };
      log = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".log."0.4.14" { inherit profileName; };
-      netapp = rustPackages."git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp".netapp."0.3.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      netapp = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".netapp."0.3.0" { inherit profileName; };
      rand = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rand."0.8.4" { inherit profileName; };
      rmp_serde = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".rmp-serde."0.15.5" { inherit profileName; };
      serde = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".serde."1.0.130" { inherit profileName; };
@@ -774,21 +776,20 @@ in
    };
  });
  
-  "unknown".garage_web."0.4.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
+  "unknown".garage_web."0.5.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "garage_web";
-    version = "0.4.0";
+    version = "0.5.0";
    registry = "unknown";
    src = fetchCrateLocal (workspaceSrc + "/src/web");
    dependencies = {
      err_derive = buildRustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".err-derive."0.3.0" { profileName = "__noProfile"; };
      futures = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".futures."0.3.17" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_api = rustPackages."unknown".garage_api."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_model = rustPackages."unknown".garage_model."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_table = rustPackages."unknown".garage_table."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
-      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.4.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_api = rustPackages."unknown".garage_api."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_model = rustPackages."unknown".garage_model."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_table = rustPackages."unknown".garage_table."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
+      garage_util = rustPackages."unknown".garage_util."0.5.0" { inherit profileName; };
      http = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".http."0.2.5" { inherit profileName; };
      hyper = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".hyper."0.14.13" { inherit profileName; };
-      idna = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".idna."0.2.3" { inherit profileName; };
      log = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".log."0.4.14" { inherit profileName; };
      percent_encoding = rustPackages."registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".percent-encoding."2.1.0" { inherit profileName; };
    };
@@ -1228,15 +1229,11 @@ in
    };
  });
  
-  "git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp".netapp."0.3.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
+  "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index".netapp."0.3.0" = overridableMkRustCrate (profileName: rec {
    name = "netapp";
    version = "0.3.0";
-    registry = "git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp";
-    src = fetchCrateGit {
-      url = https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp;
-      name = "netapp";
-      version = "0.3.0";
-      rev = "57327f10e2536a89004f3a1def83ed16243c1a3e";};
+    registry = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index";
+    src = fetchCratesIo { inherit name version; sha256 = "d202ff23744499a8e5d89a3199ca7b9a8aef9980a23b1b09d6508a8db2a118d2"; };
    features = builtins.concatLists [
      [ "default" ]
    ];
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ ENV RUST_BACKTRACE=1
 ENV RUST_LOG=garage=info

 COPY result/bin/garage /
-CMD [ "/garage", "server", "-c", "config.toml"]
+CMD [ "/garage", "server"]
@@ -3,10 +3,18 @@ Garage [![Build Status](https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr/api/badges/Deuxfleurs/garage

 <p align="center" style="text-align:center;">
 	<a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr">
-	<img alt="Garage logo" src="doc/logo/garage.png" height="200" />
+	<img alt="Garage logo" src="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/img/logo.svg" height="200" />
 	</a>
 </p>

+<p align="center" style="text-align:center;">
+	[ <strong><a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/">Website and documentation</a></strong>
+	| <a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases.html">Binary releases</a>
+	| <a href="https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage">Git repository</a>
+	| <a href="https://matrix.to/#/%23garage:deuxfleurs.fr">Matrix channel</a>
+	]
+</p>
+
 Garage is a lightweight S3-compatible distributed object store, with the following goals:

 - As self-contained as possible
@@ -22,5 +30,3 @@ Non-goals include:
 - Erasure coding (our replication model is simply to copy the data as is on several nodes, in different datacenters if possible)

 Our main use case is to provide a distributed storage layer for small-scale self hosted services such as [Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr).
-
-**[Go to the documentation](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr)**
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-Testing
-------
-
-How are we going to test that our replication method works correctly?
-We will have to introduce lots of dummy data and then add/remove nodes many times.
-
-
-Attaining S3 compatibility
--------------------------
-
- test multipart uploads
- get ranges
-
- fix sync not working in some cases ? (when starting from empty?)
-
- api_server following the S3 semantics for head/get/put/list/delete: verify more that it works as intended
- PUT requests: verify content-md5 if provided
- possibly other necessary endpoints ?
-
-
-Lower priority
--------------
-
- less a priority: hinted handoff
- repair: re-propagate block ref table to rc
- FIXME in rpc_server when garage shuts down and futures can be interrupted
-  (tokio::spawn should be replaced by a new function background::spawn_joinable)
@@ -11,26 +11,17 @@ with import ./nix/common.nix;
 let
  crossSystem = { config = target; };
 in let
-
  pkgs = import pkgsSrc {
    inherit system crossSystem;
-    overlays = [ cargo2nixOverlay rustOverlay ];
+    overlays = [ cargo2nixOverlay ];
  };
-  rustDist = pkgs.buildPackages.rust-bin.stable.latest.default;

  /*
   The following complexity should be abstracted by makePackageSet' (note the final quote).
   However its code uses deprecated features of rust-overlay that can lead to bug.
   Instead, we build our own rustChannel object with the recommended API of rust-overlay.
   */
-  rustChannel = rustDist // {
-    cargo = rustDist;
-    rustc = rustDist.override {
-      targets = [
-        (pkgs.rustBuilder.rustLib.realHostTriple pkgs.stdenv.targetPlatform)
-      ];
-    };
-  };
+  rustChannel = pkgs.rustPlatform.rust;

  overrides = pkgs.buildPackages.rustBuilder.overrides.all ++ [
    (pkgs.rustBuilder.rustLib.makeOverride {
@@ -5,28 +5,43 @@
 - [Quick start](./quick_start/index.md)

 - [Cookbook](./cookbook/index.md)
-  - [Deploying Garage](./cookbook/real_world.md)
-  - [Configuring S3 clients](./cookbook/clients.md)
-  - [Hosting a website](./cookbook/website.md)
-  - [Recovering from failures](./cookbook/recovering.md)
+  - [Multi-node deployment](./cookbook/real_world.md)
  - [Building from source](./cookbook/from_source.md)
-  - [Starting with Systemd](./cookbook/systemd.md)
-  - [Integrate as a media backend]()
-  - [Operate a cluster]()
+  - [Integration with systemd](./cookbook/systemd.md)
+  - [Configuring a gateway node](./cookbook/gateways.md)
+  - [Exposing buckets as websites](./cookbook/exposing_websites.md)
+  - [Configuring a reverse proxy](./cookbook/reverse_proxy.md)
+  - [Recovering from failures](./cookbook/recovering.md)
+
+- [Integrations](./connect/index.md)
+  - [Apps (Nextcloud, Peertube...)](./connect/apps.md)
+  - [Websites (Hugo, Jekyll, Publii...)](./connect/websites.md)
+  - [Repositories (Docker, Nix, Git...)](./connect/repositories.md)
+  - [CLI tools (rclone, awscli, mc...)](./connect/cli.md)
+  - [Backups (restic, duplicity...)](./connect/backup.md)
+  - [Your code (PHP, JS, Go...)](./connect/code.md)
+  - [FUSE (s3fs, goofys, s3backer...)](./connect/fs.md)
+

 - [Reference Manual](./reference_manual/index.md)
  - [Garage configuration file](./reference_manual/configuration.md)
+  - [Cluster layout management](./reference_manual/layout.md)
  - [Garage CLI](./reference_manual/cli.md)
  - [S3 compatibility status](./reference_manual/s3_compatibility.md)

 - [Design](./design/index.md)
-  - [Related Work](./design/related_work.md)
+  - [Goals and use Cases](./design/goals.md)
+  - [Related work](./design/related_work.md)
  - [Internals](./design/internals.md)

 - [Development](./development/index.md)
  - [Setup your environment](./development/devenv.md)
  - [Development scripts](./development/scripts.md)
  - [Release process](./development/release_process.md)
+  - [Miscellaneous notes](./development/miscellaneous_notes.md)

 - [Working Documents](./working_documents/index.md)
-  - [Load Balancing Data](./working_documents/load_balancing.md)
+  - [S3 compatibility target](./working_documents/compatibility_target.md)
+  - [Load balancing data](./working_documents/load_balancing.md)
+  - [Migrating from 0.3 to 0.4](./working_documents/migration_04.md)
+  - [Design draft](./working_documents/design_draft.md)
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+# Apps (Nextcloud, Peertube...)
+
+In this section, we cover the following software: [Nextcloud](#nextcloud), [Peertube](#peertube), [Mastodon](#mastodon), [Matrix](#matrix)
+
+## Nextcloud
+
+Nextcloud is a popular file synchronisation and backup service.
+By default, Nextcloud stores its data on the local filesystem.
+If you want to expand your storage to aggregate multiple servers, Garage is the way to go.
+
+A S3 backend can be configured in two ways on Nextcloud, either as Primary Storage or as an External Storage.
+Primary storage will store all your data on S3, in an opaque manner, and will provide the best performances.
+External storage enable you to select which data will be stored on S3, your file hierarchy will be preserved in S3, but it might be slower.
+
+In the following, we cover both methods but before reading our guide, we suppose you have done some preliminary steps.
+First, we expect you have an already installed and configured Nextcloud instance.
+Second, we suppose you have created a key and a bucket.
+
+As a reminder, you can create a key for your nextcloud instance as follow:
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name nextcloud-key
+```
+
+Keep the Key ID and the Secret key in a pad, they will be needed later.  
+Then you can create a bucket and give read/write rights to your key on this bucket with:
+
+```bash
+garage bucket create nextcloud
+garage bucket allow nextcloud --read --write --key nextcloud-key
+```
+
+
+### Primary Storage
+
+Now edit your Nextcloud configuration file to enable object storage.
+On my installation, the config. file is located at the following path: `/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php`.  
+We will add a new root key to the `$CONFIG` dictionnary named `objectstore`:
+
+```php
+<?php
+$CONFIG = array(
+/* your existing configuration */
+'objectstore' => [
+    'class' => '\\OC\\Files\\ObjectStore\\S3',
+    'arguments' => [
+        'bucket' => 'nextcloud',   // Your bucket name, must be created before
+        'autocreate' => false,     // Garage does not support autocreate
+        'key'    => 'xxxxxxxxx',   // The Key ID generated previously
+        'secret' => 'xxxxxxxxx',   // The Secret key generated previously
+        'hostname' => '127.0.0.1', // Can also be a domain name, eg. garage.example.com
+        'port' => 3900,            // Put your reverse proxy port or your S3 API port
+        'use_ssl' => false,        // Set it to true if you have a TLS enabled reverse proxy
+        'region' => 'garage',      // Garage has only one region named "garage"
+        'use_path_style' => true   // Garage supports only path style, must be set to true
+    ],
+],
+```
+
+That's all, your Nextcloud will store all your data to S3.
+To test your new configuration, just reload your Nextcloud webpage and start sending data.
+
+*External link:* [Nextcloud Documentation > Primary Storage](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/primary_storage.html)
+
+### External Storage
+
+**From the GUI.** Activate the "External storage support" app from the "Applications" page (click on your account icon on the top right corner of your screen to display the menu). Go to your parameters page (also located below your account icon). Click on external storage (or the corresponding translation in your language).
+
+[![Screenshot of the External Storage form](./cli-nextcloud-gui.png)](./cli-nextcloud-gui.png)
+*Click on the picture to zoom*
+
+Add a new external storage. Put what you want in "folder name" (eg. "shared"). Select "Amazon S3". Keep "Access Key" for the Authentication field.
+In Configuration, put your bucket name (eg. nextcloud), the host (eg. 127.0.0.1), the port (eg. 3900 or 443), the region (garage). Tick the SSL box if you have put an HTTPS proxy in front of garage. You must tick the "Path access" box and you must leave the "Legacy authentication (v2)" box empty. Put your Key ID (eg. GK...) and your Secret Key in the last two input boxes. Finally click on the tick symbol on the right of your screen.
+
+Now go to your "Files" app and a new "linked folder" has appeared with the name you chose earlier (eg. "shared").
+
+*External link:* [Nextcloud Documentation > External Storage Configuration GUI](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/external_storage_configuration_gui.html)
+
+**From the CLI.** First install the external storage application:
+
+```bash
+php occ app:install files_external
+```
+
+Then add a new mount point with:
+
+```bash
+ php occ files_external:create \
+  -c bucket=nextcloud \
+  -c hostname=127.0.0.1 \
+  -c port=3900 \
+  -c region=garage \
+  -c use_ssl=false \
+  -c use_path_style=true \
+  -c legacy_auth=false \
+  -c key=GKxxxx \
+  -c secret=xxxx \
+  shared amazons3 amazons3::accesskey
+```
+
+Adapt the `hostname`, `port`, `use_ssl`, `key`, and `secret` entries to your configuration.
+Do not change the `use_path_style` and `legacy_auth` entries, other configurations are not supported.
+
+*External link:* [Nextcloud Documentation > occ command > files external](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/occ_command.html#files-external-label)
+
+
+## Peertube
+
+Peertube proposes a clever integration of S3 by directly exposing its endpoint instead of proxifying requests through the application.
+In other words, Peertube is only responsible of the "control plane" and offload the "data plane" to Garage.
+In return, this system is a bit harder to configure, especially with Garage that supports less feature than other older S3 backends.
+We show that it is still possible to configure Garage with Peertube, allowing you to spread the load and the bandiwdth usage on the Garage cluster.
+
+### Enable path-style access by patching Peertube
+
+First, you will need to apply a small patch on Peertube ([#4510](https://github.com/Chocobozzz/PeerTube/pull/4510)):
+
+```diff
+From e3b4c641bdf67e07d406a1d49d6aa6b1fbce2ab4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Martin Honermeyer <maze@strahlungsfrei.de>
+Date: Sun, 31 Oct 2021 12:34:04 +0100
+Subject: [PATCH] Allow setting path-style access for object storage
+
+---
+ config/default.yaml                                           | 4 ++++
+ config/production.yaml.example                                | 4 ++++
+ server/initializers/config.ts                                 | 1 +
+ server/lib/object-storage/shared/client.ts                    | 3 ++-
+ .../production/config/custom-environment-variables.yaml       | 2 ++
+ 5 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
+
+diff --git a/config/default.yaml b/config/default.yaml
+index cf9d69a6211..4efd56fb804 100644
+--- a/config/default.yaml
+++ b/config/default.yaml
+@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@ object_storage:
+     # You can also use AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY env variable
+     secret_access_key: ''
+ 
+  # Reference buckets via path rather than subdomain
+  # (i.e. "my-endpoint.com/bucket" instead of "bucket.my-endpoint.com")
+  force_path_style: false
+
+   # Maximum amount to upload in one request to object storage
+   max_upload_part: 2GB
+ 
+diff --git a/config/production.yaml.example b/config/production.yaml.example
+index 70993bf57a3..9ca2de5f4c9 100644
+--- a/config/production.yaml.example
+++ b/config/production.yaml.example
+@@ -121,6 +121,10 @@ object_storage:
+     # You can also use AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY env variable
+     secret_access_key: ''
+ 
+  # Reference buckets via path rather than subdomain
+  # (i.e. "my-endpoint.com/bucket" instead of "bucket.my-endpoint.com")
+  force_path_style: false
+
+   # Maximum amount to upload in one request to object storage
+   max_upload_part: 2GB
+ 
+diff --git a/server/initializers/config.ts b/server/initializers/config.ts
+index 8375bf4304c..d726c59a4b6 100644
+--- a/server/initializers/config.ts
+++ b/server/initializers/config.ts
+@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ const CONFIG = {
+       ACCESS_KEY_ID: config.get<string>('object_storage.credentials.access_key_id'),
+       SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: config.get<string>('object_storage.credentials.secret_access_key')
+     },
+    FORCE_PATH_STYLE: config.get<boolean>('object_storage.force_path_style'),
+     VIDEOS: {
+       BUCKET_NAME: config.get<string>('object_storage.videos.bucket_name'),
+       PREFIX: config.get<string>('object_storage.videos.prefix'),
+diff --git a/server/lib/object-storage/shared/client.ts b/server/lib/object-storage/shared/client.ts
+index c9a61459336..eadad02f93f 100644
+--- a/server/lib/object-storage/shared/client.ts
+++ b/server/lib/object-storage/shared/client.ts
+@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ function getClient () {
+         accessKeyId: OBJECT_STORAGE.CREDENTIALS.ACCESS_KEY_ID,
+         secretAccessKey: OBJECT_STORAGE.CREDENTIALS.SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
+       }
+-      : undefined
+      : undefined,
+    forcePathStyle: CONFIG.OBJECT_STORAGE.FORCE_PATH_STYLE
+   })
+ 
+   logger.info('Initialized S3 client %s with region %s.', getEndpoint(), OBJECT_STORAGE.REGION, lTags())
+diff --git a/support/docker/production/config/custom-environment-variables.yaml b/support/docker/production/config/custom-environment-variables.yaml
+index c7cd28e6521..a960bab0bc9 100644
+--- a/support/docker/production/config/custom-environment-variables.yaml
+++ b/support/docker/production/config/custom-environment-variables.yaml
+@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ object_storage:
+ 
+   region: "PEERTUBE_OBJECT_STORAGE_REGION"
+ 
+  force_path_style: "PEERTUBE_OBJECT_STORAGE_FORCE_PATH_STYLE"
+
+   max_upload_part:
+     __name: "PEERTUBE_OBJECT_STORAGE_MAX_UPLOAD_PART"
+     __format: "json"
+```
+
+You can then recompile it with:
+
+```
+npm run build
+```
+
+And it can be started with:
+
+```
+NODE_ENV=production NODE_CONFIG_DIR=/srv/peertube/config node dist/server.js
+```
+
+
+### Create resources in Garage
+
+Create a key for Peertube:
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name peertube-key
+```
+
+Keep the Key ID and the Secret key in a pad, they will be needed later.  
+
+We need two buckets, one for normal videos (named peertube-video) and one for webtorrent videos (named peertube-playlist).
+```bash
+garage bucket create peertube-video
+garage bucket create peertube-playlist
+```
+
+Now we allow our key to read and write on these buckets:
+
+```
+garage bucket allow peertube-playlist --read --write --key peertube-key
+garage bucket allow peertube-video --read --write --key peertube-key
+```
+
+Finally, we need to expose these buckets publicly to serve their content to users:
+
+```bash
+garage bucket website --allow peertube-playlist
+garage bucket website --allow peertube-video
+```
+
+These buckets are now accessible on the web port (by default 3902) with the following URL: `http://<bucket><root_domain>:<web_port>` where the root domain is defined in your configuration file (by default `.web.garage`). So we have currently the following URLs: 
+  * http://peertube-playlist.web.garage:3902
+  * http://peertube-video.web.garage:3902
+
+Make sure you (will) have a corresponding DNS entry for them.
+
+### Configure a Reverse Proxy to serve CORS
+
+Now we will configure a reverse proxy in front of Garage.
+This is required as we have no other way to serve CORS headers yet.
+Check the [Configuring a reverse proxy](/cookbook/reverse_proxy.html) section to know how.
+
+Now make sure that your 2 dns entries are pointing to your reverse proxy.
+
+### Configure Peertube
+
+You must edit the file named `config/production.yaml`, we are only modifying the root key named `object_storage`:
+
+```yaml
+object_storage:
+  enabled: true
+
+  # Put localhost only if you have a garage instance running on that node
+  endpoint: 'http://localhost:3900' # or "garage.example.com" if you have TLS on port 443
+
+  # This entry has been added by our patch, must be set to true
+  force_path_style: true
+
+  # Garage supports only one region for now, named garage
+  region: 'garage'
+
+  credentials:
+    access_key_id: 'GKxxxx'
+    secret_access_key: 'xxxx'
+
+  max_upload_part: 2GB
+
+  streaming_playlists:
+    bucket_name: 'peertube-playlist'
+
+    # Keep it empty for our example
+    prefix: ''
+
+    # You must fill this field to make Peertube use our reverse proxy/website logic
+    base_url: 'http://peertube-playlist.web.garage' # Example: 'https://mirror.example.com'
+
+  # Same settings but for webtorrent videos
+  videos:
+    bucket_name: 'peertube-video'
+    prefix: ''
+    # You must fill this field to make Peertube use our reverse proxy/website logic
+    base_url: 'http://peertube-video.web.garage'
+```
+
+### That's all
+
+Everything must be configured now, simply restart Peertube and try to upload a video.
+You must see in your browser console that data are fetched directly from our bucket (through the reverse proxy).
+
+### Miscellaneous
+
+*Known bug:* The playback does not start and some 400 Bad Request Errors appear in your browser console and on Garage.
+If the description of the error contains HTTP Invalid Range: InvalidRange, the error is due to a buggy ffmpeg version.
+You must avoid the 4.4.0 and use either a newer or older version.
+
+*Associated issues:* [#137](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/137), [#138](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/138), [#140](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/140). These issues are non blocking.
+
+*External link:* [Peertube Documentation > Remote Storage](https://docs.joinpeertube.org/admin-remote-storage)
+
+## Mastodon
+
+https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/config/#cdn
+
+## Matrix
+
+Matrix is a chat communication protocol. Its main stable server implementation, [Synapse](https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/latest/), provides a module to store media on a S3 backend. Additionally, a server independent media store supporting S3 has been developped by the community, it has been made possible thanks to how the matrix API has been designed and will work with implementations like Conduit, Dendrite, etc.
+
+### synapse-s3-storage-provider (synapse only)
+
+Supposing you have a working synapse installation, you can add the module with pip:
+
+```bash
+ pip3 install --user git+https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider.git
+```
+
+Now create a bucket and a key for your matrix instance (note your Key ID and Secret Key somewhere, they will be needed later):
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name matrix-key
+garage bucket create matrix
+garage bucket allow matrix --read --write --key matrix-key
+```
+
+Then you must edit your server configuration (eg. `/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml`) and add the `media_storage_providers` root key:
+
+```yaml
+media_storage_providers:
+- module: s3_storage_provider.S3StorageProviderBackend
+  store_local: True    # do we want to store on S3 media created by our users?
+  store_remote: True   # do we want to store on S3 media created
+                       # by users of others servers federated to ours?
+  store_synchronous: True  # do we want to wait that the file has been written before returning?
+  config:
+    bucket: matrix       # the name of our bucket, we chose matrix earlier
+    region_name: garage  # only "garage" is supported for the region field
+    endpoint_url: http://localhost:3900 # the path to the S3 endpoint
+    access_key_id: "GKxxx" # your Key ID
+    secret_access_key: "xxxx" # your Secret Key
+```
+
+Note that uploaded media will also be stored locally and this behavior can not be deactivated, it is even required for
+some operations like resizing images.
+In fact, your local filesysem is considered as a cache but without any automated way to garbage collect it.
+
+We can build our garbage collector with `s3_media_upload`, a tool provided with the module.
+If you installed the module with the command provided before, you should be able to bring it in your path:
+
+```
+PATH=$HOME/.local/bin/:$PATH
+command -v s3_media_upload
+```
+
+Now we can write a simple script (eg `~/.local/bin/matrix-cache-gc`):
+
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+
+## CONFIGURATION ##
+AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
+AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
+S3_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:3900
+S3_BUCKET=matrix
+MEDIA_STORE=/var/lib/matrix-synapse/media
+PG_USER=matrix
+PG_PASS=xxxx
+PG_DB=synapse
+PG_HOST=localhost
+PG_PORT=5432
+
+## CODE ##
+PATH=$HOME/.local/bin/:$PATH
+cat > database.yaml <<EOF 
+user: $PG_USER
+password: $PG_PASS
+database: $PG_DB
+host: $PG_HOST
+port: $PG_PORT
+EOF
+
+s3_media_upload update-db 1d
+s3_media_upload --no-progress check-deleted $MEDIA_STORE
+s3_media_upload --no-progress upload $MEDIA_STORE $S3_BUCKET --delete --endpoint-url $S3_ENDPOINT
+```
+
+This script will list all the medias that were not accessed in the 24 hours according to your database.
+It will check if, in this list, the file still exists in the local media store.
+For files that are still in the cache, it will upload them to S3 if they are not already present (in case of a crash or an initial synchronisation).
+Finally, the script will delete these files from the cache.
+
+Make this script executable and check that it works:
+
+```bash
+chmod +x $HOME/.local/bin/matrix-cache-gc
+matrix-cache-gc
+```
+
+Add it to your crontab. Open the editor with:
+
+```bash
+crontab -e
+```
+
+And add a new line. For example, to run it every 10 minutes:
+
+```cron
+*/10 * * * * $HOME/.local/bin/matrix-cache-gc
+```
+
+*External link:* [Github > matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider)
+
+### matrix-media-repo (server independent)
+
+*External link:* [matrix-media-repo Documentation > S3](https://docs.t2bot.io/matrix-media-repo/configuration/s3-datastore.html)
+
+## Pixelfed
+
+https://docs.pixelfed.org/technical-documentation/env.html#filesystem
+
+## Pleroma
+
+https://docs-develop.pleroma.social/backend/configuration/cheatsheet/#pleromauploaderss3
+
+## Lemmy
+
+via pict-rs
+https://git.asonix.dog/asonix/pict-rs/commit/f9f4fc63d670f357c93f24147c2ee3e1278e2d97
+
+## Funkwhale
+
+https://docs.funkwhale.audio/admin/configuration.html#s3-storage
+
+## Misskey
+
+https://github.com/misskey-dev/misskey/commit/9d944243a3a59e8880a360cbfe30fd5a3ec8d52d
+
+## Prismo
+
+https://gitlab.com/prismosuite/prismo/-/blob/dev/.env.production.sample#L26-33
+
+## Owncloud Infinite Scale (ocis)
+
+## Unsupported
+
+  - Mobilizon: No S3 integration
+  - WriteFreely: No S3 integration
+  - Plume: No S3 integration
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Backups (restic, duplicity...)
+
+Backups are essential for disaster recovery but they are not trivial to manage.
+Using Garage as your backup target will enable you to scale your storage as needed while ensuring high availability.
+
+## Borg Backup
+
+Borg Backup is very popular among the backup tools but it is not yet compatible with the S3 API.
+We recommend using any other tool listed in this guide because they are all compatible with the S3 API.
+If you still want to use Borg, you can use it with `rclone mount`.
+
+
+
+## Restic
+
+*External links:* [Restic Documentation > Amazon S3](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/stable/030_preparing_a_new_repo.html#amazon-s3)
+
+## Duplicity
+
+*External links:* [Duplicity > man](https://duplicity.gitlab.io/duplicity-web/vers8/duplicity.1.html) (scroll to "URL Format" and "A note on Amazon S3")
+
+## Duplicati
+
+*External links:* [Duplicati Documentation > Storage Providers](https://github.com/kees-z/DuplicatiDocs/blob/master/docs/05-storage-providers.md#s3-compatible)
+
+## knoxite
+
+*External links:* [Knoxite Documentation > Storage Backends](https://knoxite.com/docs/storage-backends/#amazon-s3)
+
+## kopia
+
+*External links:* [Kopia Documentation > Repositories](https://kopia.io/docs/repositories/#amazon-s3)
+
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+# CLI tools
+
+CLI tools allow you to query the S3 API without too many abstractions.
+These tools are particularly suitable for debug, backups, website deployments or any scripted task that need to handle data.
+
+## Minio client (recommended)
+
+Use the following command to set an "alias", i.e. define a new S3 server to be
+used by the Minio client:
+
+```bash
+mc alias set \
+  garage \
+  <endpoint> \
+  <access key> \
+  <secret key> \
+  --api S3v4
+```
+
+Remember that `mc` is sometimes called `mcli` (such as on Arch Linux), to avoid conflicts
+with Midnight Commander.
+
+Some commands:
+
+```bash
+# list buckets
+mc ls garage/
+
+# list objets in a bucket
+mc ls garage/my_files
+
+# copy from your filesystem to garage
+mc cp /proc/cpuinfo garage/my_files/cpuinfo.txt
+
+# copy from garage to your filesystem
+mc cp garage/my_files/cpuinfo.txt /tmp/cpuinfo.txt
+
+# mirror a folder from your filesystem to garage
+mc mirror --overwrite ./book garage/garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr
+```
+
+
+## AWS CLI
+
+Create a file named `~/.aws/credentials` and put:
+
+```toml
+[default]
+aws_access_key_id=xxxx
+aws_secret_access_key=xxxx
+```
+
+Then a file named `~/.aws/config` and put:
+
+```toml
+[default]
+region=garage
+```
+
+Now, supposing Garage is listening on `http://127.0.0.1:3900`, you can list your buckets with:
+
+```bash
+aws --endpoint-url http://127.0.0.1:3900 s3 ls
+```
+
+Passing the `--endpoint-url` parameter to each command is annoying but AWS developers do not provide a corresponding configuration entry.
+As a workaround, you can redefine the aws command by editing the file `~/.bashrc`:
+
+```
+function aws { command aws --endpoint-url http://127.0.0.1:3900 $@ ; }
+```
+
+*Do not forget to run `source ~/.bashrc` or to start a new terminal before running the next commands.*
+
+Now you can simply run:
+
+```bash
+# list buckets
+aws s3 ls
+
+# list objects of a bucket
+aws s3 ls s3://my_files
+
+# copy from your filesystem to garage
+aws s3 cp /proc/cpuinfo s3://my_files/cpuinfo.txt
+
+# copy from garage to your filesystem
+aws s3 cp s3/my_files/cpuinfo.txt /tmp/cpuinfo.txt
+```
+
+## `rclone`
+
+`rclone` can be configured using the interactive assistant invoked using `rclone config`.
+
+You can also configure `rclone` by writing directly its configuration file.
+Here is a template `rclone.ini` configuration file (mine is located at `~/.config/rclone/rclone.conf`):
+
+```ini
+[garage]
+type = s3
+provider = Other
+env_auth = false
+access_key_id = <access key>
+secret_access_key = <secret key>
+region = <region>
+endpoint = <endpoint>
+force_path_style = true
+acl = private
+bucket_acl = private
+```
+
+Now you can run:
+
+```bash
+# list buckets
+rclone lsd garage:
+
+# list objects of a bucket aggregated in directories
+rclone lsd garage:my-bucket
+
+# copy from your filesystem to garage
+echo hello world > /tmp/hello.txt
+rclone copy /tmp/hello.txt garage:my-bucket/
+
+# copy from garage to your filesystem
+rclone copy garage:quentin.divers/hello.txt .
+
+# see all available subcommands
+rclone help
+```
+
+## `s3cmd`
+
+Here is a template for the `s3cmd.cfg` file to talk with Garage:
+
+```ini
+[default]
+access_key = <access key>
+secret_key = <secret key>
+host_base = <endpoint without http(s)://>
+host_bucket = <same as host_base>
+use_https = <False or True>
+```
+
+And use it as follow:
+
+```bash
+# List buckets
+s3cmd ls
+
+# s3cmd objects inside a bucket
+s3cmd ls s3://my-bucket
+
+# copy from your filesystem to garage
+echo hello world > /tmp/hello.txt
+s3cmd put /tmp/hello.txt s3://my-bucket/
+
+# copy from garage to your filesystem
+s3cmd get s3://my-bucket/hello.txt hello.txt
+```
+
+## Cyberduck & duck
+
+TODO
+
+
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# Your code (PHP, JS, Go...)
+
+If you are developping a new application, you may want to use Garage to store your user's media.
+
+The S3 API that Garage uses is a standard REST API, so as long as you can make HTTP requests,
+you can query it. You can check the [S3 REST API Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_Operations_Amazon_Simple_Storage_Service.html) from Amazon to learn more.
+
+Developping your own wrapper around the REST API is time consuming and complicated.
+Instead, there are some libraries already avalaible.
+
+Some of them are maintained by Amazon, some by Minio, others by the community.
+
+## PHP
+
+  - Amazon aws-sdk-php
+    - [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-php/v3/developer-guide/getting-started_installation.html)
+    - [Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-sdk-php/v3/api/api-s3-2006-03-01.html)
+    - [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-php/v3/developer-guide/s3-examples-creating-buckets.html)
+
+## Javascript
+
+  - Minio SDK
+    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/javascript-client-api-reference.html)
+
+  - Amazon aws-sdk-js
+    - [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v3/developer-guide/getting-started.html)
+    - [Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/latest/AWS/S3.html)
+    - [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v3/developer-guide/s3-example-creating-buckets.html)
+
+## Golang
+
+  - Minio minio-go-sdk
+    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/golang-client-api-reference.html)
+
+  - Amazon aws-sdk-go-v2
+    - [Installation](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/getting-started/)
+    - [Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3)
+    - [Example](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/code-examples/s3/putobject/)
+
+## Python
+
+  - Minio SDK
+    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/python-client-api-reference.html)
+
+  - Amazon boto3
+    - [Installation](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html)
+    - [Reference](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/services/s3.html)
+    - [Example](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/s3-uploading-files.html)
+
+## Java
+
+  - Minio SDK
+    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/java-client-api-reference.html)
+
+  - Amazon aws-sdk-java
+    - [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/get-started.html)
+    - [Reference](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/s3/S3Client.html)
+    - [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/examples-s3-objects.html)
+
+## Rust
+
+  - Amazon aws-rust-sdk
+    - [Github](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sdk-rust)
+
+## .NET
+
+  - Minio SDK
+    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/dotnet-client-api-reference.html)
+
+  - Amazon aws-dotnet-sdk
+
+## C++
+
+  - Amazon aws-cpp-sdk
+
+## Haskell
+
+  - Minio SDK
+    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/haskell-client-api-reference.html)
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# FUSE (s3fs, goofys, s3backer...)
+
+**WARNING! Garage is not POSIX compatible.
+Mounting S3 buckets as filesystems will not provide POSIX compatibility.
+If you are not careful, you will lose or corrupt your data.**
+
+Do not use these FUSE filesystems to store any database files (eg. MySQL, Postgresql, Mongo or sqlite),
+any daemon cache (dovecot, openldap, gitea, etc.),
+and more generally any software that use locking, advanced filesystems features or make any synchronisation assumption.
+Ideally, avoid these solutions at all for any serious or production use.
+
+## rclone mount
+
+rclone uses the same configuration when used [in CLI](/connect/cli.html) and mount mode.
+We suppose you have the following entry in your `rclone.ini` (mine is located in `~/.config/rclone/rclone.conf`):
+
+```toml
+[garage]
+type = s3
+provider = Other
+env_auth = false
+access_key_id = <access key>
+secret_access_key = <secret key>
+region = <region>
+endpoint = <endpoint>
+force_path_style = true
+acl = private
+bucket_acl = private
+```
+
+Then you can mount and access any bucket as follow:
+
+```bash
+# mount the bucket
+mkdir /tmp/my-bucket
+rclone mount --daemon garage:my-bucket /tmp/my-bucket
+
+# set your working directory to the bucket
+cd /tmp/my-bucket
+
+# create a file
+echo hello world > hello.txt
+
+# access the file
+cat hello.txt
+
+# unmount the bucket
+cd
+fusermount -u /tmp/my-bucket
+```
+
+*External link:* [rclone documentation > rclone mount](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/)
+
+## s3fs
+
+*External link:* [s3fs github > README.md](https://github.com/s3fs-fuse/s3fs-fuse#examples)
+
+## goofys
+
+*External link:* [goofys github > README.md](https://github.com/kahing/goofys#usage)
+
+## s3backer
+
+*External link:* [s3backer github > manpage](https://github.com/archiecobbs/s3backer/wiki/ManPage)
+
+## csi-s3
+
+*External link:* [csi-s3 Github > README.md](https://github.com/ctrox/csi-s3)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Connect it to...
+
+Garage implements the Amazon S3 protocol, which makes it compatible with many existing software programs.
+
+In particular, you will find here instructions to connect it with:
+
+  - [web applications](./apps.md)
+  - [website hosting](./websites.md)
+  - [software repositories](./repositories.md)
+  - [CLI tools](./cli.md)
+  - [your own code](./code.md)
+
+### Generic instructions
+
+To configure S3-compatible software to interact with Garage,
+you will need the following parameters:
+
+- An **API endpoint**: this corresponds to the HTTP or HTTPS address
+  used to contact the Garage server. When runing Garage locally this will usually
+  be `http://127.0.0.1:3900`. In a real-world setting, you would usually have a reverse-proxy
+  that adds TLS support and makes your Garage server available under a public hostname
+  such as `https://garage.example.com`.
+
+- An **API access key** and its associated **secret key**. These usually look something
+  like this: `GK3515373e4c851ebaad366558` (access key),
+  `7d37d093435a41f2aab8f13c19ba067d9776c90215f56614adad6ece597dbb34` (secret key).
+  These keys are created and managed using the `garage` CLI, as explained in the
+  [quick start](../quick_start/index.md) guide.
+
+Most S3 clients can be configured easily with these parameters,
+provided that you follow the following guidelines:
+
+- **Force path style:** Garage does not support DNS-style buckets, which are now by default
+  on Amazon S3. Instead, Garage uses the legacy path-style bucket addressing.
+  Remember to configure your client to acknowledge this fact.
+
+- **Configuring the S3 region:** Garage requires your client to talk to the correct "S3 region",
+  which is set in the configuration file. This is often set just to `garage`.
+  If this is not configured explicitly, clients usually try to talk to region `us-east-1`.
+  Garage should normally redirect your client to the correct region,
+  but in case your client does not support this you might have to configure it manually.
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# Repositories (Docker, Nix, Git...)
+
+Whether you need to store and serve binary packages or source code, you may want to deploy a tool referred as a repository or registry.
+Garage can also help you serve this content.
+
+## Gitea
+
+You can use Garage with Gitea to store your [git LFS](https://git-lfs.github.com/) data, your users' avatar, and their attachements.
+You can configure a different target for each data type (check `[lfs]` and `[attachment]` sections of the Gitea documentation) and you can provide a default one through the `[storage]` section.
+
+Let's start by creating a key and a bucket (your key id and secret will be needed later, keep them somewhere):
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name gitea-key
+garage bucket create gitea
+garage bucket allow gitea --read --write --key gitea-key
+```
+
+Then you can edit your configuration (by default `/etc/gitea/conf/app.ini`):
+
+```ini
+[storage]
+STORAGE_TYPE=minio
+MINIO_ENDPOINT=localhost:3900
+MINIO_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
+MINIO_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
+MINIO_BUCKET=gitea
+MINIO_LOCATION=garage
+MINIO_USE_SSL=false
+```
+
+You can also pass this configuration through environment variables:
+
+```bash
+GITEA__storage__STORAGE_TYPE=minio
+GITEA__storage__MINIO_ENDPOINT=localhost:3900
+GITEA__storage__MINIO_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
+GITEA__storage__MINIO_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
+GITEA__storage__MINIO_BUCKET=gitea
+GITEA__storage__MINIO_LOCATION=garage
+GITEA__storage__MINIO_USE_SSL=false
+```
+
+Then restart your gitea instance and try to upload a custom avatar.
+If it worked, you should see some content in your gitea bucket (you must configure your `aws` command before):
+
+```
+$ aws s3 ls s3://gitea/avatars/
+2021-11-10 12:35:47     190034 616ba79ae2b84f565c33d72c2ec50861
+```
+
+
+*External link:* [Gitea Documentation > Configuration Cheat Sheet](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/)
+
+## Gitlab
+
+*External link:* [Gitlab Documentation > Object storage](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/object_storage.html)
+
+
+## Private NPM Registry (Verdacio)
+
+*External link:* [Verdaccio Github Repository > aws-storage plugin](https://github.com/verdaccio/verdaccio/tree/master/packages/plugins/aws-storage)
+
+## Docker
+
+Not yet compatible, follow [#103](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/103).
+
+*External link:* [Docker Documentation > Registry storage drivers > S3 storage driver](https://docs.docker.com/registry/storage-drivers/s3/)
+
+## Nix
+
+Nix has no repository in its terminology: instead, it breaks down this concept in 2 parts: binary cache and channel.
+
+**A channel** is a set of `.nix` definitions that generate definitions for all the software you want to serve.
+
+Because we do not want all our clients to compile all these derivations by themselves,
+we can compile them once and then serve them as part of our **binary cache**.
+
+It is possible to use a **binary cache** without a channel, you only need to serve your nix definitions
+through another support, like a git repository.
+
+As a first step, we will need to create a bucket on Garage and enabling website access on it:
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name nix-key
+garage bucket create nix.example.com
+garage bucket allow nix.example.com --read --write --key nix-key
+garage bucket website nix.example.com --allow
+```
+
+If you need more information about exposing buckets as websites on Garage,
+check [Exposing buckets as websites](/cookbook/exposing_websites.html)
+ and [Configuring a reverse proxy](/cookbook/reverse_proxy.html).
+
+Next, we want to check that our bucket works:
+
+```bash
+echo nix repo > /tmp/index.html
+mc cp /tmp/index.html garage/nix/
+rm /tmp/index.html
+
+curl https://nix.example.com
+# output: nix repo
+```
+
+### Binary cache
+
+To serve binaries as part of your cache, you need to sign them with a key specific to nix.
+You can generate the keypair as follow: 
+
+```bash
+nix-store --generate-binary-cache-key <name> cache-priv-key.pem cache-pub-key.pem
+```
+
+You can then manually sign the packages of your store with the following command:
+
+```bash
+nix sign-paths --all -k cache-priv-key.pem
+```
+
+Setting a key in `nix.conf` will do the signature at build time automatically without additional commands.
+Edit the `nix.conf` of your builder:
+
+```toml
+secret-key-files = /etc/nix/cache-priv-key.pem
+```
+
+Now that your content is signed, you can copy a derivation to your cache.
+For example, if you want to copy a specific derivation of your store:
+
+```bash
+nix copy /nix/store/wadmyilr414n7bimxysbny876i2vlm5r-bash-5.1-p8 --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.example.com&region=garage'
+```
+
+*Note that if you have not signed your packages, you can append to the end of your S3 URL `&secret-key=/etc/nix/cache-priv-key.pem`.*
+
+Sometimes you don't want to hardcode this store path in your script.
+Let suppose that you are working on a codebase that you build with `nix-build`, you can then run:
+
+```bash
+nix copy $(nix-build) --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.example.com&region=garage'
+```
+
+*This command works because the only thing that `nix-build` outputs on stdout is the paths of the built derivations in your nix store.*
+
+You can include your derivation dependencies:
+
+```bash
+nix copy $(nix-store -qR $(nix-build)) --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.example.com&region=garage'
+```
+
+Now, your binary cache stores your derivation and all its dependencies.
+Just inform your users that they must update their `nix.conf` file with the following lines:
+
+```toml
+substituters = https://cache.nixos.org https://nix.example.com
+trusted-public-keys = cache.nixos.org-1:6NCHdD59X431o0gWypbMrAURkbJ16ZPMQFGspcDShjY= nix.example.com:eTGL6kvaQn6cDR/F9lDYUIP9nCVR/kkshYfLDJf1yKs=
+```
+
+*You must re-add cache.nixorg.org because redeclaring these keys override the previous configuration instead of extending it.*
+
+Now, when your clients will run `nix-build` or any command that generates a derivation for which a hash is already present
+on the binary cache, the client will download the result from the cache instead of compiling it, saving lot of time and CPU!
+
+
+### Channels
+
+Channels additionnaly serve Nix definitions, ie. a `.nix` file referencing
+all the derivations you want to serve.
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Websites (Hugo, Jekyll, Publii...)
+
+Garage is also suitable to host static websites.
+While they can be deployed with traditional CLI tools, some static website generators have integrated options to ease your workflow.
+
+## Hugo
+
+Add to your `config.toml` the following section:
+
+```toml
+[[deployment.targets]]
+ URL = "s3://<bucket>?endpoint=<endpoint>&disableSSL=<bool>&s3ForcePathStyle=true&region=garage"
+```
+
+For example:
+
+```toml
+[[deployment.targets]]
+ URL = "s3://my-blog?endpoint=localhost:9000&disableSSL=true&s3ForcePathStyle=true&region=garage"
+```
+
+Then inform hugo of your credentials:
+
+```bash
+export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
+export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxx
+```
+
+And finally build and deploy your website:
+
+```bsh
+hugo
+hugo deploy
+```
+
+*External links:*
+  - [gocloud.dev > aws > Supported URL parameters](https://pkg.go.dev/gocloud.dev/aws?utm_source=godoc#ConfigFromURLParams)
+  - [Hugo Documentation > hugo deploy](https://gohugo.io/hosting-and-deployment/hugo-deploy/)
+
+## Publii
+
+It would require a patch either on Garage or on Publii to make both systems work.
+
+Currently, the proposed workaround is to deploy your website manually:
+  - On the left menu, click on Server, choose Manual Deployment (the logo looks like a compressed file)
+  - Set your website URL, keep Output type as "Non-compressed catalog"
+  - Click on Save changes
+  - Click on Sync your website (bottom left of the app)
+  - On the new page, click again on Sync your website
+  - Click on Get website files
+  - You need to synchronize the output folder you see in your file explorer, we will use minio client.
+
+Be sure that you [configured minio client](cli.html#minio-client-recommended).
+
+Then copy this output folder
+
+```bash
+mc mirror --overwrite output garage/my-site
+```
+
+## Generic (eg. Jekyll)
+
+Some tools do not support sending to a S3 backend but output a compiled folder on your system.
+We can then use any CLI tool to upload this content to our S3 target.
+
+First, start by [configuring minio client](cli.html#minio-client-recommended).
+
+Then build your website:
+
+```bash
+jekyll build
+```
+
+And copy jekyll's output folder on S3:
+
+```bash
+mc mirror --overwrite _site garage/my-site
+```
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-# Configuring S3 clients to interact with Garage
-
-To configure an S3 client to interact with Garage, you will need the following
-parameters:
-
- An **API endpoint**: this corresponds to the HTTP or HTTPS address
-  used to contact the Garage server. When runing Garage locally this will usually
-  be `http://127.0.0.1:3900`. In a real-world setting, you would usually have a reverse-proxy
-  that adds TLS support and makes your Garage server available under a public hostname
-  such as `https://garage.example.com`.
-
- An **API access key** and its associated **secret key**. These usually look something
-  like this: `GK3515373e4c851ebaad366558` (access key),
-  `7d37d093435a41f2aab8f13c19ba067d9776c90215f56614adad6ece597dbb34` (secret key).
-  These keys are created and managed using the `garage` CLI, as explained in the
-  [quick start](../quick_start/index.md) guide.
-
-Most S3 clients can be configured easily with these parameters,
-provided that you follow the following guidelines:
-
- **Force path style:** Garage does not support DNS-style buckets, which are now by default
-  on Amazon S3. Instead, Garage uses the legacy path-style bucket addressing.
-  Remember to configure your client to acknowledge this fact.
-
- **Configuring the S3 region:** Garage requires your client to talk to the correct "S3 region",
-  which is set in the configuration file. This is often set just to `garage`.
-  If this is not configured explicitly, clients usually try to talk to region `us-east-1`.
-  Garage should normally redirect your client to the correct region,
-  but in case your client does not support this you might have to configure it manually.
-
-We will now provide example configurations for the most common S3 clients.
-
-## AWS CLI
-
-Export the following environment variables:
-
-```bash
-export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<access key>
-export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<secret key>
-export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=<region>
-```
-
-Now invoke `aws` as follows:
-
-```bash
-aws --endpoint-url <endpoint> s3 <command...>
-```
-
-For instance: `aws --endpoint-url http://127.0.0.1:3901 s3 ls s3://my-bucket/`.
-
-## Minio client
-
-Use the following command to set an "alias", i.e. define a new S3 server to be
-used by the Minio client:
-
-```bash
-mc alias set \
-  garage \
-  <endpoint> \
-  <access key> \
-  <secret key> \
-  --api S3v4
-```
-
-Remember that `mc` is sometimes called `mcli` (such as on Arch Linux), to avoid conflicts
-with the Midnight Commander.
-
-
-## `rclone`
-
-`rclone` can be configured using the interactive assistant invoked using `rclone configure`.
-
-You can also configure `rclone` by writing directly its configuration file.
-Here is a template `rclone.ini` configuration file:
-
-```ini
-[garage]
-type = s3
-provider = Other
-env_auth = false
-access_key_id = <access key>
-secret_access_key = <secret key>
-region = <region>
-endpoint = <endpoint>
-force_path_style = true
-acl = private
-bucket_acl = private
-```
-
-## Cyberduck
-
-TODO
-
-## `s3cmd`
-
-Here is a template for the `s3cmd.cfg` file to talk with Garage:
-
-```ini
-[default]
-access_key = <access key>
-secret_key = <secret key>
-host_base = <endpoint without http(s)://>
-host_bucket = <same as host_base>
-use_https = False | True
-```
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Exposing buckets as websites
+
+You can expose your bucket as a website with this simple command:
+
+```bash
+garage bucket website --allow my-website
+```
+
+Now it will be **publicly** exposed on the web endpoint (by default listening on port 3902).
+
+Our website serving logic is as follow:
+  - Supports only static websites (no support for PHP or other languages)
+  - Does not support directory listing
+  - The index is defined in your `garage.toml`. ([ref](/reference_manual/configuration.html#index))
+
+Now we need to infer the URL of your website through your bucket name.
+Let assume:
+  - we set `root_domain = ".web.example.com"` in `garage.toml` ([ref](/reference_manual/configuration.html#root_domain))
+  - our bucket name is `garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr`.
+
+Our bucket will be served if the Host field matches one of these 2 values (the port is ignored):
+
+  - `garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr.web.example.com`: you can dedicate a subdomain to your users (here `web.example.com`).
+
+  - `garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr`: your users can bring their own domain name, they just need to point them to your Garage cluster.
+
+You can try this logic locally, without configuring any DNS, thanks to `curl`:
+
+```bash
+# prepare your test
+echo hello world > /tmp/index.html
+mc cp /tmp/index.html garage/garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr
+
+curl -H 'Host: garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr' http://localhost:3902
+# should print "hello world"
+
+curl -H 'Host: garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr.web.example.com' http://localhost:3902
+# should also print "hello world"
+```
+
+Now that you understand how website logic works on Garage, you can:
+
+ - make the website endpoint listens on port 80 (instead of 3902)
+ - use iptables to redirect the port 80 to the port 3902:  
+   `iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -dport 80 -j REDIRECT -to-port 3902`
+ - or configure a [reverse proxy](reverse_proxy.html) in front of Garage to add TLS (HTTPS), CORS support, etc.
+
+You can also take a look at [Website Integration](/connect/websites.html) to see how you can add Garage to your workflow.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Gateways
+
+Gateways allow you to expose Garage endpoints (S3 API and websites) without storing data on the node.
+
+## Benefits
+
+You can configure Garage as a gateway on all nodes that will consume your S3 API, it will provide you the following benefits:
+
+  - **It removes 1 or 2 network RTT.** Instead of (querying your reverse proxy then) querying a random node of the cluster that will forward your request to the nodes effectively storing the data, your local gateway will directly knows which node to query.
+
+  - **It eases server management.** Instead of tracking in your reverse proxy and DNS what are the current Garage nodes, your gateway being part of the cluster keeps this information for you. In your software, you will always specify `http://localhost:3900`.
+
+  - **It simplifies security.** Instead of having to maintain and renew a TLS certificate, you leverage the Secret Handshake protocol we use for our cluster. The S3 API protocol will be in plain text but limited to your local machine.
+
+## Limitations
+
+Currently it will not work with minio client. Follow issue [#64](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/64) for more information.
+
+## Spawn a Gateway
+
+The instructions are similar to a regular node, the only option that is different is while configuring the node, you must set the `--gateway` parameter:
+
+```bash
+garage layout assign --gateway --tag gw1 <node_id>
+garage layout show    # review the changes you are making
+garage layout apply   # once satisfied, apply the changes
+```
+
+Then use `http://localhost:3900` when a S3 endpoint is required:
+
+```bash
+aws --endpoint-url http://127.0.0.1:3900 s3 ls
+```
+
+If a newly added gateway node seems to not be working, do a full table resync to ensure that bucket and key list are correctly propagated:
+
+```bash
+garage repair -a --yes tables
+```
@@ -4,22 +4,23 @@ A cookbook, when you cook, is a collection of recipes.
 Similarly, Garage's cookbook contains a collection of recipes that are known to works well!
 This chapter could also be referred as "Tutorials" or "Best practices".

- **[Deploying Garage](real_world.md):** This page will walk you through all of the necessary
+- **[Multi-node deployment](real_world.md):** This page will walk you through all of the necessary
  steps to deploy Garage in a real-world setting.

- **[Configuring S3 clients](clients.md):** This page will explain how to configure
-  popular S3 clients to interact with a Garage server.
-
- **[Hosting a website](website.md):** This page explains how to use Garage
-  to host a static website.
-
- **[Recovering from failures](recovering.md):** Garage's first selling point is resilience
-  to hardware failures. This section explains how to recover from such a failure in the
-  best possible way.
-
 - **[Building from source](from_source.md):** This page explains how to build Garage from
  source in case a binary is not provided for your architecture, or if you want to
  hack with us!

- **[Starting with Systemd](from_source.md):** This page explains how to run Garage
+- **[Integration with Systemd](systemd.md):** This page explains how to run Garage
  as a Systemd service (instead of as a Docker container).
+
+- **[Configuring a gateway node](gateways.md):** This page explains how to run a gateway node in a Garage cluster, i.e. a Garage node that doesn't store data but accelerates access to data present on the other nodes.
+
+- **[Hosting a website](exposing_websites.md):** This page explains how to use Garage
+  to host a static website.
+
+- **[Configuring a reverse-proxy](reverse_proxy.md):** This page explains how to configure a reverse-proxy to add TLS support to your S3 api endpoint.
+
+- **[Recovering from failures](recovering.md):** Garage's first selling point is resilience
+  to hardware failures. This section explains how to recover from such a failure in the
+  best possible way.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ to get familiar with Garage's command line and usage patterns.

 ## Prerequisites

-To run a real-world deployment, make sure you the following conditions are met:
+To run a real-world deployment, make sure the following conditions are met:

 - You have at least three machines with sufficient storage space available.

@@ -41,18 +41,17 @@ For our example, we will suppose the following infrastructure with IPv6 connecti

 ## Get a Docker image

-Our docker image is currently named `lxpz/garage_amd64` and is stored on the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/lxpz/garage_amd64/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
+Our docker image is currently named `dxflrs/amd64_garage` and is stored on the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/dxflrs/amd64_garage/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
 We encourage you to use a fixed tag (eg. `v0.4.0`) and not the `latest` tag.
 For this example, we will use the latest published version at the time of the writing which is `v0.4.0` but it's up to you
-to check [the most recent versions on the Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/lxpz/garage_amd64/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
+to check [the most recent versions on the Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/dxflrs/amd64_garage/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).

 For example:

 ```
-sudo docker pull lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.4.0
+sudo docker pull dxflrs/amd64_garage:v0.4.0
 ```

-
 ## Deploying and configuring Garage

 On each machine, we will have a similar setup,
@@ -79,13 +78,12 @@ rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
 rpc_public_addr = "<this node's public IP>:3901"
 rpc_secret = "<RPC secret>"

-bootstrap_peers = [
-    # We will fill this in later
-]
+bootstrap_peers = []

 [s3_api]
 s3_region = "garage"
 api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
+root_domain = ".s3.garage"

 [s3_web]
 bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
@@ -102,33 +100,6 @@ Check the following for your configuration files:
 - Make sure `rpc_secret` is the same value on all nodes. It should be a 32-bytes hex-encoded secret key.
  You can generate such a key with `openssl rand -hex 32`.

-You will now have to run `garage node-id` on all nodes to generate node keys.
-This will print keys as follows:
-
-```bash
-Mercury$ garage node-id
-563e1ac825ee3323aa441e72c26d1030d6d4414aeb3dd25287c531e7fc2bc95d@[fc00:1::1]:3901
-
-Venus$ garage node-id
-86f0f26ae4afbd59aaf9cfb059eefac844951efd5b8caeec0d53f4ed6c85f332@[fc00:1::2]:3901
-
-etc.
-```
-
-You can then add these nodes to the `bootstrap_peers` list of at least one of your nodes:
-
-```toml
-bootstrap_peers = [
-    "563e1ac825ee3323aa441e72c26d1030d6d4414aeb3dd25287c531e7fc2bc95d@[fc00:1::1]:3901",
-    "86f0f26ae4afbd59aaf9cfb059eefac844951efd5b8caeec0d53f4ed6c85f332@[fc00:1::2]:3901",
-    ...
-]
-```
-
-Check the [configuration file reference documentation](../reference_manual/configuration.md)
-to learn more about all available configuration options.
-
-
 ## Starting Garage using Docker

 On each machine, you can run the daemon with:
@@ -154,7 +125,6 @@ but please check the relase notes before doing so!
 To upgrade, simply stop and remove this container and
 start again the command with a new version of Garage.

-
 ## Controling the daemon

 The `garage` binary has two purposes:
@@ -166,11 +136,51 @@ If your configuration file is at `/etc/garage.toml`, the `garage` binary should

 You can test your `garage` CLI utility by running a simple command such as:

-```
+```bash
 garage status
 ```

-You should get something like that as result:
+At this point, nodes are not yet talking to one another.
+Your output should therefore look like follows:
+
+```
+Mercury$ garage status
+==== HEALTHY NODES ====
+ID                  Hostname  Address           Tag                   Zone  Capacity
+563e1ac825ee3323…   Mercury   [fc00:1::1]:3901  NO ROLE ASSIGNED
+```
+
+
+## Connecting nodes together
+
+When your Garage nodes first start, they will generate a local node identifier
+(based on a public/private key pair).
+
+To obtain the node identifier of a node, once it is generated,
+run `garage node id`.
+This will print keys as follows:
+
+```bash
+Mercury$ garage node id
+563e1ac825ee3323aa441e72c26d1030d6d4414aeb3dd25287c531e7fc2bc95d@[fc00:1::1]:3901
+
+Venus$ garage node id
+86f0f26ae4afbd59aaf9cfb059eefac844951efd5b8caeec0d53f4ed6c85f332@[fc00:1::2]:3901
+
+etc.
+```
+
+You can then instruct nodes to connect to one another as follows:
+
+```bash
+# Instruct Venus to connect to Mercury (this will establish communication both ways)
+Venus$ garage node connect 563e1ac825ee3323aa441e72c26d1030d6d4414aeb3dd25287c531e7fc2bc95d@[fc00:1::1]:3901
+```
+
+You don't nead to instruct all node to connect to all other nodes:
+nodes will discover one another transitively.
+
+Now if your run `garage status` on any node, you should have an output that looks as follows:

 ```
 ==== HEALTHY NODES ====
@@ -181,20 +191,22 @@ ID                  Hostname  Address           Tag                   Zone  Capa
 212f7572f0c89da9…   Mars      [fc00:F::1]:3901  NO ROLE ASSIGNED
 ```

-
-## Configuring a cluster
+## Creating a cluster layout

 We will now inform Garage of the disk space available on each node of the cluster
 as well as the zone (e.g. datacenter) in which each machine is located.
+This information is called the **cluster layout** and consists
+of a role that is assigned to each active cluster node.

-For our example, we will suppose we have the following infrastructure (Capacity, Identifier and Datacenter are specific values to Garage described in the following):
+For our example, we will suppose we have the following infrastructure
+(Capacity, Identifier and Zone are specific values to Garage described in the following):

 | Location | Name    | Disk Space | `Capacity` | `Identifier` | `Zone` |
 |----------|---------|------------|------------|--------------|--------------|
-| Paris    | Mercury | 1 To       | `2`        | `563e`     | `par1`       |
-| Paris    | Venus   | 2 To       | `4`        | `86f0`     | `par1`       |
-| London   | Earth   | 2 To       | `4`        | `6814`     | `lon1`       |
-| Brussels | Mars    | 1.5 To     | `3`        | `212f`     | `bru1`       |
+| Paris    | Mercury | 1 To       | `10`       | `563e`     | `par1`       |
+| Paris    | Venus   | 2 To       | `20`       | `86f0`     | `par1`       |
+| London   | Earth   | 2 To       | `20`       | `6814`     | `lon1`       |
+| Brussels | Mars    | 1.5 To     | `15`       | `212f`     | `bru1`       |

 #### Node identifiers

@@ -229,13 +241,9 @@ in order to provide high availability despite failure of a zone.

 Garage reasons on an abstract metric about disk storage that is named the *capacity* of a node.
 The capacity configured in Garage must be proportional to the disk space dedicated to the node.
-Due to the way the Garage allocation algorithm works, capacity values must
-be **integers**, and must be **as small as possible**, for instance with
-1 representing the size of your smallest server.

-Here we chose that 1 unit of capacity = 0.5 To, so that we can express servers of size
-1 To and 2 To, as wel as the intermediate size 1.5 To, with the integer values 2, 4 and
-3 respectively (see table above).
+Capacity values must be **integers** but can be given any signification.
+Here we chose that 1 unit of capacity = 100 GB.

 Note that the amount of data stored by Garage on each server may not be strictly proportional to
 its capacity value, as Garage will priorize having 3 copies of data in different zones,
@@ -247,13 +255,29 @@ have 66% chance of being stored by Venus and 33% chance of being stored by Mercu

 Given the information above, we will configure our cluster as follow:

+```bash
+garage layout assign -z par1 -c 10 -t mercury 563e
+garage layout assign -z par1 -c 20 -t venus 86f0
+garage layout assign -z lon1 -c 20 -t earth 6814
+garage layout assign -z bru1 -c 15 -t mars 212f
 ```
-garage node configure -z par1 -c 2 -t mercury 563e
-garage node configure -z par1 -c 4 -t venus 86f0
-garage node configure -z lon1 -c 4 -t earth 6814
-garage node configure -z bru1 -c 3 -t mars 212f
+
+At this point, the changes in the cluster layout have not yet been applied.
+To show the new layout that will be applied, call:
+
+```bash
+garage layout show
 ```

+Once you are satisfied with your new layout, apply it with:
+
+```bash
+garage layout apply
+```
+
+**WARNING:** if you want to use the layout modification commands in a script,
+make sure to read [this page](/reference_manual/layout.html) first.
+

 ## Using your Garage cluster

@@ -262,5 +286,5 @@ and is covered in the [quick start guide](../quick_start/index.md).
 Remember also that the CLI is self-documented thanks to the `--help` flag and
 the `help` subcommand (e.g. `garage help`, `garage key --help`).

-Configuring an S3 client to interact with Garage is covered
-[in the next section](clients.md).
+Configuring S3-compatible applicatiosn to interact with Garage
+is covered in the [Integrations](/connect/index.html) section.
@@ -28,8 +28,10 @@ and you should instead use one of the methods detailed in the next sections.

 Removing a node is done with the following command:

-```
-garage node remove --yes <node_id>
+```bash
+garage layout remove <node_id>
+garage layout show    # review the changes you are making
+garage layout apply   # once satisfied, apply the changes
 ```

 (you can get the `node_id` of the failed node by running `garage status`)
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ We just need to tell Garage to get back all the data blocks and store them on th
 First, set up a new HDD to store Garage's data directory on the failed node, and restart Garage using
 the existing configuration.  Then, run:

-```
+```bash
 garage repair -a --yes blocks
 ```

@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ This will re-synchronize blocks of data that are missing to the new HDD, reading

 You can check on the advancement of this process by doing the following command: 

-```
+```bash
 garage stats -a
 ```

@@ -94,9 +96,11 @@ The ID of the lost node should be shown in `garage status` in the section for di

 Then, replace the broken node by the new one, using:

-```
-garage node configure --replace <old_node_id> \
-		-c <capacity> -z <zone> -t <node_tag> <new_node_id>
+```bash
+garage layout assign <new_node_id> --replace <old_node_id> \
+		-c <capacity> -z <zone> -t <node_tag>
+garage layout show    # review the changes you are making
+garage layout apply   # once satisfied, apply the changes
 ```

 Garage will then start synchronizing all required data on the new node.
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# Configuring a reverse proxy
+
+The main reason to add a reverse proxy in front of Garage is to provide TLS to your users.
+
+In production you will likely need your certificates signed by a certificate authority.
+The most automated way is to use a provider supporting the [ACME protocol](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8555) 
+such as [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/), [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com/) or [Buypass Go SSL](https://www.buypass.com/ssl/products/acme).
+
+If you are only testing Garage, you can generate a self-signed certificate to follow the documentation:
+
+```bash
+openssl req \
+    -new \
+    -x509 \
+    -keyout /tmp/garage.key \
+    -out /tmp/garage.crt \
+    -nodes  \
+    -subj "/C=XX/ST=XX/L=XX/O=XX/OU=XX/CN=localhost/emailAddress=X@X.XX" \
+    -addext "subjectAltName = DNS:localhost, IP:127.0.0.1"
+
+cat /tmp/garage.key /tmp/garage.crt > /tmp/garage.pem
+```
+
+Be careful as you will need to allow self signed certificates in your client.
+For example, with minio, you must add the `--insecure` flag.
+An example:
+
+```bash
+mc ls --insecure garage/
+```
+
+## socat (only for testing purposes)
+
+If you want to test Garage with a TLS frontend, socat can do it for you in a single command:
+
+```bash
+socat \
+"openssl-listen:443,\
+reuseaddr,\
+fork,\
+verify=0,\
+cert=/tmp/garage.pem" \
+tcp4-connect:localhost:3900
+```
+
+## Nginx
+
+Nginx is a well-known reverse proxy suitable for production.
+We do the configuration in 3 steps: first we define the upstream blocks ("the backends")
+then we define the server blocks ("the frontends") for the S3 endpoint and finally for the web endpoint.
+
+The following configuration blocks can be all put in the same `/etc/nginx/sites-available/garage.conf`.
+To make your configuration active, run `ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/garage.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/`.
+If you directly put the instructions in the root `nginx.conf`, keep in mind that these configurations must be enclosed inside a `http { }` block.
+
+And do not forget to reload nginx with `systemctl reload nginx` or `nginx -s reload`.
+
+### Defining backends
+
+First, we need to tell to nginx how to access our Garage cluster.
+Because we have multiple nodes, we want to leverage all of them by spreading the load.
+
+In nginx, we can do that with the upstream directive.
+Because we have 2 endpoints: one for the S3 API and one to serve websites,
+we create 2 backends named respectively `s3_backend` and `web_backend`.
+
+A documented example for the `s3_backend` assuming you chose port 3900:
+
+```nginx
+upstream s3_backend {
+  # if you have a garage instance locally
+  server 127.0.0.1:3900;
+  # you can also put your other instances
+  server 192.168.1.3:3900;
+  # domain names also work
+  server garage1.example.com:3900;
+  # you can assign weights if you have some servers 
+  # that are more powerful than others
+  server garage2.example.com:3900 weight=2;
+}
+```
+
+A similar example for the `web_backend` assuming you chose port 3902:
+
+```nginx
+upstream web_backend {
+  server 127.0.0.1:3902;
+  server 192.168.1.3:3902;
+  server garage1.example.com:3902;
+  server garage2.example.com:3902 weight=2;
+}
+```
+
+### Exposing the S3 API
+
+The configuration section for the S3 API is simple as we only support path-access style yet.
+We simply configure the TLS parameters and forward all the requests to the backend:
+
+```nginx
+server {
+  listen [::]:443 http2 ssl;
+  ssl_certificate     /tmp/garage.crt;
+  ssl_certificate_key /tmp/garage.key;
+
+  # should be the endpoint you want
+  # aws uses s3.amazonaws.com for example
+  server_name garage.example.com;
+
+  location / {
+    proxy_pass http://s3_backend;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+    proxy_set_header Host $host;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Exposing the web endpoint
+
+The web endpoint is a bit more complicated to configure as it listens on many different `Host` fields.
+To better understand the logic involved, you can refer to the [Exposing buckets as websites](/cookbook/exposing_websites.html) section.
+Also, for some applications, you may need to serve CORS headers: Garage can not serve them directly but we show how we can use nginx to serve them.
+You can use the following example as your starting point:
+
+```nginx
+server {
+  listen [::]:443 http2 ssl;
+  ssl_certificate     /tmp/garage.crt;
+  ssl_certificate_key /tmp/garage.key;
+
+  # We list all the Hosts fields that can access our buckets
+  server_name *.web.garage
+              example.com
+              my-site.tld
+              ;
+
+  location / {
+    # Add these headers only if you want to allow CORS requests
+    # For production use, more specific rules would be better for your security
+    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
+    add_header Access-Control-Max-Age 3600;
+    add_header Access-Control-Expose-Headers Content-Length;
+    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers Range;
+
+    # We do not forward OPTIONS requests to Garage
+    # as it does not support them but they are needed for CORS.
+    if ($request_method = OPTIONS) {
+      return 200;
+    }
+
+    proxy_pass http://web_backend;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+    proxy_set_header Host $host;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+
+## Apache httpd
+
+@TODO
+
+## Traefik
+
+@TODO
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
-# Starting Garage with systemd instead of Docker
+# Starting Garage with systemd
+
+We make some assumptions for this systemd deployment. 
+
+  - Your garage binary is located at `/usr/local/bin/garage`.
+
+  - Your configuration file is located at `/etc/garage.toml`.
+
+  - Your `garage.toml` must be set with  `metadata_dir=/var/lib/garage/meta` and `data_dir=/var/lib/garage/data`. This is mandatory to use `systemd` hardening feature [Dynamic User](https://0pointer.net/blog/dynamic-users-with-systemd.html). Note that in your host filesystem, Garage data will be held in `/var/lib/private/garage`.

-NOTE: This guide is incomplete. Typicall you would also want to create a separate
-Unix user to run Garage.

-Make sure you have the Garage binary installed on your system (see [quick start](../quick_start/index.md)), e.g. at `/usr/local/bin/garage`.

 Create a file named `/etc/systemd/system/garage.service`:

@@ -15,12 +20,18 @@ Wants=network-online.target

 [Service]
 Environment='RUST_LOG=garage=info' 'RUST_BACKTRACE=1'
-ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/garage server -c /etc/garage/garage.toml
+ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/garage server
+StateDirectory=garage
+DynamicUser=true
+ProtectHome=true
+NoNewPrivileges=true

 [Install]
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 ```

+*A note on hardening: garage will be run as a non privileged user, its user id is dynamically allocated by systemd. It cannot access (read or write) home folders (/home, /root and /run/user), the rest of the filesystem can only be read but not written, only the path seen as /var/lib/garage is writable as seen by the service (mapped to /var/lib/private/garage on your host). Additionnaly, the process can not gain new privileges over time.*
+
 To start the service then automatically enable it at boot:

 ```bash
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Goals and use cases
+
+## Goals and non-goals
+
+Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store that implements the
+[Amazon S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html)
+object storage protocole. It enables applications to store large blobs such
+as pictures, video, images, documents, etc., in a redundant multi-node
+setting. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static
+website.
+
+Garage is an opinionated object storage solutoin, we focus on the following **desirable properties**:
+
+  - **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
+  - **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
+  - **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
+  - **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
+
+We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
+The following has been identified as **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):
+
+  - **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
+  - **Feature extensiveness**: we do not plan to add additional features compared to the ones provided by the S3 API.
+  - **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
+  - **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such synchronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
+
+## Use-cases
+
+*Are you also using Garage in your organization? [Open a PR](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage) to add your use case here!*
+
+### Deuxfleurs
+
+[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr) is an experimental non-profit hosting
+organization that develops Garage. Deuxfleurs is focused on building highly
+available infrastructure through redundancy in multiple geographical
+locations. They use Garage themselves for the following tasks:
+
+- Hosting of [main website](https://deuxfleurs.fr), [this website](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr), as well as the personal website of many of the members of the organization
+
+- As a [Matrix media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider)
+
+- To store personal data and shared documents through [Bagage](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/bagage), a homegrown WebDav-to-S3 proxy
+
+- In the Drone continuous integration platform to store task logs
+
+- As a Nix binary cache
+
+- As a backup target using `rclone`
+
+The Deuxfleurs Garage cluster is a multi-site cluster currently composed of
+4 nodes in 2 physical locations. In the future it will be expanded to at
+least 3 physical locations to fully exploit Garage's potential for high
+availability.
@@ -1,5 +1,26 @@
 # Design

-The design section helps you to see Garage from a "big picture" perspective.
-It will allow you to understand if Garage is a good fit for you,
-how to better use it, how to contribute to it, what can Garage could and could not do, etc.
+The design section helps you to see Garage from a "big picture"
+perspective.  It will allow you to understand if Garage is a good fit for
+you, how to better use it, how to contribute to it, what can Garage could
+and could not do, etc.
+
+- **[Goals and use cases](goals.md):** This page explains why Garage was concieved and what practical use cases it targets.
+
+- **[Related work](related_work.md):** This pages presents the theoretical background on which Garage is built, and describes other software storage solutions and why they didn't work for us.
+
+- **[Internals](internals.md):** This page enters into more details on how Garage manages data internally.
+
+## Talks
+
+We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
+
+  - [(fr, 2021-11-13, video) Garage : Mille et une façons de stocker vos données](https://video.tedomum.net/w/moYKcv198dyMrT8hCS5jz9) and [slides (html)](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/presentations/2021-11-13/garage/) - during [RFID#1](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/programme/2021-11-13/) event
+
+  - [(en, 2021-04-28) Distributed object storage is centralised](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2021-04-28_spirals-team/talk.pdf)
+
+  - [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)
+
+*Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!*
+
+
@@ -1,158 +1,98 @@
-**WARNING: this documentation is more a "design draft", which was written before Garage's actual implementation. The general principle is similar but details have not yet been updated.**
+# Internals

-#### Modules
+## Overview

- `membership/`: configuration, membership management (gossip of node's presence and status), ring generation --> what about Serf (used by Consul/Nomad) : https://www.serf.io/? Seems a huge library with many features so maybe overkill/hard to integrate
- `metadata/`: metadata management
- `blocks/`: block management, writing, GC and rebalancing
- `internal/`: server to server communication (HTTP server and client that reuses connections, TLS if we want, etc)
- `api/`: S3 API
- `web/`: web management interface
+TODO: write this section

-#### Metadata tables
+- The Dynamo ring (see [this paper](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1323293.1294281) and [that paper](https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/eisenbud))

-**Objects:**
+- CRDTs (see [this paper](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-24550-3_29))

- *Hash key:* Bucket name (string)
- *Sort key:* Object key (string)
- *Sort key:* Version timestamp (int)
- *Sort key:* Version UUID (string)
- Complete: bool
- Inline: bool, true for objects < threshold (say 1024)
- Object size (int)
- Mime type (string)
- Data for inlined objects (blob)
- Hash of first block otherwise (string)
+- Consistency model of Garage tables

-*Having only a hash key on the bucket name will lead to storing all file entries of this table for a specific bucket on a single node. At the same time, it is the only way I see to rapidly being able to list all bucket entries...*
+In the meantime, you can find some information at the following links:

-**Blocks:**
+- [this presentation (in French)](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/main/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)

- *Hash key:* Version UUID (string)
- *Sort key:* Offset of block in total file (int)
- Hash of data block (string)
-
-A version is defined by the existence of at least one entry in the blocks table for a certain version UUID.
-We must keep the following invariant: if a version exists in the blocks table, it has to be referenced in the objects table.
-We explicitly manage concurrent versions of an object: the version timestamp and version UUID columns are index columns, thus we may have several concurrent versions of an object.
-Important: before deleting an older version from the objects table, we must make sure that we did a successfull delete of the blocks of that version from the blocks table.
-
-Thus, the workflow for reading an object is as follows:
-
-1. Check permissions (LDAP)
-2. Read entry in object table. If data is inline, we have its data, stop here.
-   -> if several versions, take newest one and launch deletion of old ones in background
-3. Read first block from cluster. If size <= 1 block, stop here.
-4. Simultaneously with previous step, if size > 1 block: query the Blocks table for the IDs of the next blocks
-5. Read subsequent blocks from cluster
-
-Workflow for PUT:
-
-1. Check write permission (LDAP)
-2. Select a new version UUID
-3. Write a preliminary entry for the new version in the objects table with complete = false
-4. Send blocks to cluster and write entries in the blocks table
-5. Update the version with complete = true and all of the accurate information (size, etc)
-6. Return success to the user
-7. Launch a background job to check and delete older versions
-
-Workflow for DELETE:
-
-1. Check write permission (LDAP)
-2. Get current version (or versions) in object table
-3. Do the deletion of those versions NOT IN A BACKGROUND JOB THIS TIME
-4. Return succes to the user if we were able to delete blocks from the blocks table and entries from the object table
-
-To delete a version:
-
-1. List the blocks from Cassandra
-2. For each block, delete it from cluster. Don't care if some deletions fail, we can do GC.
-3. Delete all of the blocks from the blocks table
-4. Finally, delete the version from the objects table
-
-Known issue: if someone is reading from a version that we want to delete and the object is big, the read might be interrupted. I think it is ok to leave it like this, we just cut the connection if data disappears during a read.
-
-("Soit P un problème, on s'en fout est une solution à ce problème")
-
-#### Block storage on disk
-
-**Blocks themselves:**
-
- file path = /blobs/(first 3 hex digits of hash)/(rest of hash)
-
-**Reverse index for GC & other block-level metadata:**
-
- file path = /meta/(first 3 hex digits of hash)/(rest of hash)
- map block hash -> set of version UUIDs where it is referenced
-
-Usefull metadata:
-
- list of versions that reference this block in the Casandra table, so that we can do GC by checking in Cassandra that the lines still exist
- list of other nodes that we know have acknowledged a write of this block, usefull in the rebalancing algorithm
-
-Write strategy: have a single thread that does all write IO so that it is serialized (or have several threads that manage independent parts of the hash space). When writing a blob, write it to a temporary file, close, then rename so that a concurrent read gets a consistent result (either not found or found with whole content).
-
-Read strategy: the only read operation is get(hash) that returns either the data or not found (can do a corruption check as well and return corrupted state if it is the case). Can be done concurrently with writes.
-
-**Internal API:**
-
- get(block hash) -> ok+data/not found/corrupted
- put(block hash & data, version uuid + offset) -> ok/error
- put with no data(block hash, version uuid + offset) -> ok/not found plz send data/error
- delete(block hash, version uuid + offset) -> ok/error
-
-GC: when last ref is deleted, delete block.
-Long GC procedure: check in Cassandra that version UUIDs still exist and references this block.
-
-Rebalancing: takes as argument the list of newly added nodes.
-
- List all blocks that we have. For each block:
- If it hits a newly introduced node, send it to them.
-  Use put with no data first to check if it has to be sent to them already or not.
-  Use a random listing order to avoid race conditions (they do no harm but we might have two nodes sending the same thing at the same time thus wasting time).
- If it doesn't hit us anymore, delete it and its reference list.
-
-Only one balancing can be running at a same time. It can be restarted at the beginning with new parameters.
-
-#### Membership management
-
-Two sets of nodes:
-
- set of nodes from which a ping was recently received, with status: number of stored blocks, request counters, error counters, GC%, rebalancing%
-  (eviction from this set after say 30 seconds without ping)
- set of nodes that are part of the system, explicitly modified by the operator using the web UI (persisted to disk),
-  is a CRDT using a version number for the value of the whole set
-
-Thus, three states for nodes:
-
- healthy: in both sets
- missing: not pingable but part of desired cluster
- unused/draining: currently present but not part of the desired cluster, empty = if contains nothing, draining = if still contains some blocks
-
-Membership messages between nodes:
-
- ping with current state + hash of current membership info -> reply with same info
- send&get back membership info (the ids of nodes that are in the two sets): used when no local membership change in a long time and membership info hash discrepancy detected with first message (passive membership fixing with full CRDT gossip)
- inform of newly pingable node(s) -> no result, when receive new info repeat to all (reliable broadcast)
- inform of operator membership change -> no result, when receive new info repeat to all (reliable broadcast)
-
-Ring: generated from the desired set of nodes, however when doing read/writes on the ring, skip nodes that are known to be not pingable.
-The tokens are generated in a deterministic fashion from node IDs (hash of node id + token number from 1 to K).
-Number K of tokens per node: decided by the operator & stored in the operator's list of nodes CRDT. Default value proposal: with node status information also broadcast disk total size and free space, and propose a default number of tokens equal to 80%Free space / 10Gb. (this is all user interface)
+- [an old design draft](/working_documents/design_draft.md)


-#### Constants
+## Garbage collection

- Block size: around 1MB ? --> Exoscale use 16MB chunks
- Number of tokens in the hash ring: one every 10Gb of allocated storage
- Threshold for storing data directly in Cassandra objects table: 1kb bytes (maybe up to 4kb?)
- Ping timeout (time after which a node is registered as unresponsive/missing): 30 seconds
- Ping interval: 10 seconds
- ??
+A faulty garbage collection procedure has been the cause of
+[critical bug #39](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/39).
+This precise bug was fixed in the code, however there are potentially more
+general issues with the garbage collector being too eager and deleting things
+too early. This has been the subject of
+[PR #135](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/pulls/135).
+This section summarizes the discussions on this topic.

-#### Links
+Rationale: we want to ensure Garage's safety by making sure things don't get
+deleted from disk if they are still needed. Two aspects are involved in this.
+
+### 1. Garbage collection of table entries (in `meta/` directory)
+
+The `Entry` trait used for table entries (defined in `tables/schema.rs`)
+defines a function `is_tombstone()` that returns `true` if that entry
+represents an entry that is deleted in the table. CRDT semantics by default
+keep all tombstones, because they are necessary for reconciliation: if node A
+has a tombstone that supersedes a value `x`, and node B has value `x`, A has to
+keep the tombstone in memory so that the value `x` can be properly deleted at
+node `B`. Otherwise, due to the CRDT reconciliation rule, the value `x` from B
+would flow back to A and a deleted item would reappear in the system.
+
+Here, we have some control on the nodes involved in storing Garage data.
+Therefore we have a garbage collector that is able to delete tombstones UNDER
+CERTAIN CONDITIONS. This garbage collector is implemented in `table/gc.rs`. To
+delete a tombstone, the following condition has to be met:
+
+- All nodes responsible for storing this entry are aware of the existence of
+  the tombstone, i.e. they cannot hold another version of the entry that is
+  superseeded by the tombstone. This ensures that deleting the tombstone is
+  safe and that no deleted value will come back in the system.
+
+Garage makes use of Sled's atomic operations (such as compare-and-swap and
+transactions) to ensure that only tombstones that have been correctly
+propagated to other nodes are ever deleted from the local entry tree.
+
+This GC is safe in the following sense: no non-tombstone data is ever deleted
+from Garage tables.
+
+**However**, there is an issue with the way this interacts with data
+rebalancing in the case when a partition is moving between nodes. If a node has
+some data of a partition for which it is not responsible, it has to offload it.
+However that offload process takes some time. In that interval, the GC does not
+check with that node if it has the tombstone before deleting the tombstone, so
+perhaps it doesn't have it and when the offload finally happens, old data comes
+back in the system.
+
+**PR 135 mostly fixes this** by implementing a 24-hour delay before anything is
+garbage collected in a table. This works under the assumption that rebalances
+that follow data shuffling terminate in less than 24 hours.
+
+**However**, in distributed systems, it is generally considered a bad practice
+to make assumptions that information propagates in a certain time interval:
+this consists in making a synchrony assumption, meaning that we are basically
+assuming a computing model that has much stronger properties than otherwise. To
+maximize the applicability of Garage, we would like to remove this assumption,
+and implement a system where time does not play a role. To do this, we would
+need to find a way to safely disable the GC when data is being shuffled around,
+and safely detect that the shuffling has terminated and thus the GC can be
+resumed. This introduces some complexity to the protocol and hasn't been
+tackled yet.
+
+### 2. Garbage collection of data blocks (in `data/` directory)
+
+Blocks in the data directory are reference-counted. In Garage versions before
+PR #135, blocks could get deleted from local disk as soon as their reference
+counter reached zero. We had a mechanism to not trigger this immediately at the
+rc-reaches-zero event, but the cleanup could be triggered by other means (for
+example by a block repair operation...). PR #135 added a safety measure so that
+blocks never get deleted in a 10 minute interval following the time when the RC
+reaches zero. This is a measure to make impossible race conditions such as #39.
+We would have liked to use a larger delay (e.g. 24 hours), but in the case of a
+rebalance of data, this would have led to the disk utilization to explode
+during the rebalancing, only to shrink again after 24 hours. The 10-minute
+delay is a compromise that gives good security while not having this problem of
+disk space explosion on rebalance.

- CDC: <https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/atc16/atc16-paper-xia.pdf>
- Erasure coding: <http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~jplank/plank/papers/CS-08-627.html>
- [Openstack Storage Concepts](https://docs.openstack.org/arch-design/design-storage/design-storage-concepts.html)
- [RADOS](https://ceph.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/weil-rados-pdsw07.pdf)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Related Work
+# Related work

 ## Context

@@ -41,14 +41,35 @@ There were many attempts in research too. I am only thinking to [LBFS](https://p

 ## Existing software

-**[Pithos](https://github.com/exoscale/pithos) :** 
+**[MinIO](https://min.io/):** MinIO shares our *Self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *Storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency.
+However, by pursuing these two non-goals, MinIO do not reach our desirable properties.
+Firstly, it fails on the *Simple* property: due to the erasure coding, MinIO has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
+Secondly, it fails on the *Internet enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, MinIO is latency sensitive.
+Furthermore, MinIO has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
+
+**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/):**
+OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *Self-contained & lightweight* goal.
+Starting it requires around 8GB of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
+We also do not classify Swift as *Simple*.
+
+**[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/):**
+This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc.
+At its core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn
+makes Ceph latency-sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal.
+Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *Self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
+In a certain way, Ceph and MinIO are closer together than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
+
+**[Pithos](https://github.com/exoscale/pithos):**
 Pithos has been abandonned and should probably not used yet, in the following we explain why we did not pick their design.
 Pithos was relying as a S3 proxy in front of Cassandra (and was working with Scylla DB too).
 From its designers' mouth, storing data in Cassandra has shown its limitations justifying the project abandonment.
 They built a closed-source version 2 that does not store blobs in the database (only metadata) but did not communicate further on it.
 We considered there v2's design but concluded that it does not fit both our *Self-contained & lightweight* and *Simple* properties. It makes the development, the deployment and the operations more complicated while reducing the flexibility.

-**[IPFS](https://ipfs.io/) :**
+**[Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/index.html):**
+*Not written yet*
+
+**[IPFS](https://ipfs.io/):**
 *Not written yet*

 ## Specific research papers
@@ -2,3 +2,13 @@

 Now that you are a Garage expert, you want to enhance it, you are in the right place!
 We discuss here how to hack on Garage, how we manage its development, etc.
+
+## Rust API (docs.rs)
+If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code's documentation!
+
+  - [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
+  - [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
+  - [garage\_rpc](https://docs.rs/garage_rpc/latest/garage_rpc/) - contains Garage's federation protocol
+  - [garage\_table](https://docs.rs/garage_table/latest/garage_table/) - contains core Garage's CRDT datatypes
+  - [garage\_util](https://docs.rs/garage_util/latest/garage_util/) - contains garage helpers
+  - [garage\_web](https://docs.rs/garage_web/latest/garage_web/) - contains the S3 website endpoint
@@ -13,42 +13,6 @@ We have a simple [PR on cargo2nix](https://github.com/cargo2nix/cargo2nix/pull/2

 Nix has no armv7 + musl toolchains but armv7l is backward compatible with armv6l.

-Signing keys are generated with: 
-
-```
-nix-store --generate-binary-cache-key nix.web.deuxfleurs.fr cache-priv-key.pem cache-pub-key.pem
-```
-
-We copy the secret key in our nix folder:
-
-```
-cp cache-priv-key.pem /etc/nix/signing-key.sec
-```
-
-Manually sign
-    
-We can sign the whole store with:
-
-```
-nix sign-paths --all -k /etc/nix/signing-key.sec
-```
-
-Or simply the current package and its dependencies with:
-
-```
-nix sign-paths --recursive -k /etc/nix/signing-key.sec
-```
-
-Setting a key in `nix.conf` will do the signature at build time automatically without additional commands, edit the `nix.conf` of your builder:
-
-```toml
-secret-key-files = /etc/nix/signing-key.sec
-max-jobs = auto
-cores = 8
-```
-
-Now you are ready to build your packages: 
-
 ```bash
 cat > $HOME/.awsrc <<EOF
 export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxx"
@@ -92,10 +92,21 @@ caching our development dependencies.
 *Currently there is no automatic garbage collection of the cache: we should monitor its growth.
 Hopefully, we can erase it totally without breaking any build, the next build will only be slower.*

+In practise, we concluded that we do not want to cache all the compilation dependencies.
+Instead, we want to cache the toolchain we use to build Garage each time we change it.
+So we removed from Drone any automatic update of the cache and instead handle them manually with:
+
+```
+source ~/.awsrc
+nix-shell --run 'refresh_toolchain'
+```
+
+Internally, it will run `nix-build` on  `nix/toolchain.nix` and send the output plus its depedencies to the cache.
+
 To erase the cache:

 ```
-mc rm --recursive --force 'garage/nix/*'
+mc rm --recursive --force 'garage/nix/'
 ```

 ### Publishing Garage
@@ -5,102 +5,75 @@
 </p>

 <p align="center" style="text-align:center;">
-	[ <a href="https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage">Git repository</a>
+	[ <a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases.html">Download</a>
+	| <a href="https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage">Git repository</a>
 	| <a href="https://matrix.to/#/%23garage:deuxfleurs.fr">Matrix channel</a>
 	| <a href="https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage">Drone CI</a>
 	]
 </p>

-```
-This very website is hosted using Garage. In other words: the doc is the PoC!
-```

-# The Garage Geo-Distributed Data Store
+# Data resiliency for everyone

-Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store.
-It comes from the observation that despite numerous object stores
-many people have broken data management policies (backup/replication on a single site or none at all).
-To promote better data management policies, we focused on the following **desirable properties**:
+Garage is an **open-source** distributed **storage service** you can **self-host** to fullfill many needs:

-  - **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
-  - **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
-  - **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
-  - **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
+<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5rem;">
+<img alt="Summary of the possible usages with a related icon: host a website, store media and backup target" src="img/usage.svg" />
+</p>

-We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
-The following has been identified as **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):
+<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5rem;">
+<a href="/design/use_cases.html">⮞ learn more about use cases ⮜</a>
+</p>

-  - **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
-  - **Feature extensiveness**: complete implementation of the S3 API or any other API to make garage a drop-in replacement is not targeted as it could lead to decisions impacting our desirable properties.
-  - **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
-  - **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such synchronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
+Garage implements the **[Amazon S3 API](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html)** and thus is already **compatible** with many applications:

-## Supported and planned protocols
+<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 8rem;">
+<img alt="Garage is already compatible with Nextcloud, Mastodon, Matrix Synapse, Cyberduck, RClone and Peertube" src="img/software.svg" />
+</p>

-Garage speaks (or will speak) the following protocols:
+<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5rem;">
+<a href="/connect/index.html">⮞ learn more about integrations ⮜</a>
+</p>

-  - [S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html) - *SUPPORTED* - Enable applications to store large blobs such as pictures, video, images, documents, etc. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static website.
-  - [IMAP](https://github.com/go-pluto/pluto) - *PLANNED* - email storage is quite complex to get good performances.
-To keep performances optimal, most IMAP servers only support on-disk storage.
-We plan to add logic to Garage to make it a viable solution for email storage.
-  - *More to come*

-## Use Cases
+Garage provides **data resiliency** by **replicating** data 3x over **distant** servers:

-**[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr):** Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which is a non-profit hosting organization.
-Especially, it is used to host their main website, this documentation and some of its members' blogs. 
-Additionally, Garage is used as a [backend for Nextcloud](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/20/admin_manual/configuration_files/primary_storage.html). 
-Deuxfleurs also plans to use Garage as their [Matrix's media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider) and as the backend of [OCIS](https://github.com/owncloud/ocis).
+<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5rem;">
+<img alt="An example deployment on a map with servers in 5 zones: UK, France, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. Each chunk of data is replicated in 3 of these 5 zones." src="img/map.svg" />
+</p>

-*Are you using Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add your organization here!*
+<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5rem;">
+<a href="/design/index.html">⮞ learn more about our design ⮜</a>
+</p>

-## Comparison to existing software
+Did you notice that *this website* is hosted and served by Garage?

-**[MinIO](https://min.io/):** MinIO shares our *Self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *Storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency.
-However, by pursuing these two non-goals, MinIO do not reach our desirable properties.
-Firstly, it fails on the *Simple* property: due to the erasure coding, MinIO has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
-Secondly, it fails on the *Internet enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, MinIO is latency sensitive.
-Furthermore, MinIO has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
+## Keeping requirements low

-**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/):**
-OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *Self-contained & lightweight* goal.
-Starting it requires around 8GB of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
-We also do not classify Swift as *Simple*.
+We worked hard to keep requirements as low as possible as we target the largest possible public.

-**[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/):**
-This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc.
-At its core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn
-makes Ceph latency-sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal.
-Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *Self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
-In a certain way, Ceph and MinIO are closer together than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
+  * **CPU:** any x86\_64 CPU from the last 10 years, ARMv7 or ARMv8.
+  * **RAM:** 1GB
+  * **Disk Space:** at least 16GB
+  * **Network:** 200ms or less, 50 Mbps or more
+  * **Heterogeneous hardware:** build a cluster with whatever second-hand machines are available

-*More comparisons are available in our [Related Work](design/related_work.md) chapter.*
+*For the network, as we do not use consensus algorithms like Paxos or Raft, Garage is not as latency sensitive.*
+*Thanks to Rust and its zero-cost abstractions, we keep CPU and memory low.*

-## Other Resources
+## Built on the shoulder of giants

-This website is not the only source of information about Garage!
-We reference here other places on the Internet where you can learn more about Garage.
+  - [Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store ](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1323293.1294281) by DeCandia et al.
+  - [Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-24550-3_29) by Shapiro et al.
+  - [Maglev: A Fast and Reliable Software Network Load Balancer](https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/eisenbud) by Eisenbud et al.

-### Rust API (docs.rs)
+## Talks

-If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code's documentation!
+  - [(fr, 2021-11-13, video) Garage : Mille et une façons de stocker vos données](https://video.tedomum.net/w/moYKcv198dyMrT8hCS5jz9) and [slides (html)](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/presentations/2021-11-13/garage/) - during [RFID#1](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/programme/2021-11-13/) event

-  - [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
-  - [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
-  - [garage\_rpc](https://docs.rs/garage_rpc/latest/garage_rpc/) - contains Garage's federation protocol
-  - [garage\_table](https://docs.rs/garage_table/latest/garage_table/) - contains core Garage's CRDT datatypes
-  - [garage\_util](https://docs.rs/garage_util/latest/garage_util/) - contains garage helpers
-  - [garage\_web](https://docs.rs/garage_web/latest/garage_web/) - contains the S3 website endpoint
+  - [(en, 2021-04-28, pdf) Distributed object storage is centralised](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2021-04-28_spirals-team/talk.pdf)

-### Talks
-
-We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
-
-  - [(en, 2021-04-28) Distributed object storage is centralised](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2021-04-28_spirals-team/talk.pdf)
-
-  - [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)
-
-*Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!*
+  - [(fr, 2020-12-02, pdf) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)

 ## Community

@@ -112,9 +85,9 @@ Our code repository and issue tracker, which is the place where you should repor
 Garage's source code, is released under the [AGPL v3 License](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html).
 Please note that if you patch Garage and then use it to provide any service over a network, you must share your code!

-# Funding
+# Sponsors and funding

-The Deuxfleurs association has received a grant promise to fund 3 people working on Garage for a year, from October 2021 to September 2022.
+The Deuxfleurs association has received a grant from [NGI POINTER](https://pointer.ngi.eu/), to fund 3 people working on Garage full-time for a year: from October 2021 to September 2022.

 <div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-around">
  <a href="https://pointer.ngi.eu/">
@@ -125,4 +98,4 @@ The Deuxfleurs association has received a grant promise to fund 3 people working
  </a>
 </div>

-_This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme within the framework of the NGI-POINTER Project funded under grant agreement No 871528._
+_This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme within the framework of the NGI-POINTER Project funded under grant agreement N° 871528._
@@ -6,22 +6,23 @@ and how to interact with it.

 Our goal is to introduce you to Garage's workflows.
 Following this guide is recommended before moving on to
-[configuring a real-world deployment](../cookbook/real_world.md).
+[configuring a multi-node cluster](../cookbook/real_world.md).

-Note that this kind of deployment should not be used in production, as it provides
-no redundancy for your data!
+Note that this kind of deployment should not be used in production,
+as it provides no redundancy for your data!

 ## Get a binary

 Download the latest Garage binary from the release pages on our repository:

-<https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases>
+<https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases.html>

 Place this binary somewhere in your `$PATH` so that you can invoke the `garage`
 command directly (for instance you can copy the binary in `/usr/local/bin`
 or in `~/.local/bin`).

 If a binary of the last version is not available for your architecture,
+or if you want a build customized for your system,
 you can [build Garage from source](../cookbook/from_source.md).


@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ bootstrap_peers = []
 [s3_api]
 s3_region = "garage"
 api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
+root_domain = ".s3.garage"

 [s3_web]
 bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
@@ -108,9 +110,9 @@ ID                 Hostname  Address         Tag                   Zone  Capacit
 563e1ac825ee3323…  linuxbox  127.0.0.1:3901  NO ROLE ASSIGNED
 ```

-## Configuring your Garage node
+## Creating a cluster layout

-Configuring the nodes in a Garage deployment means informing Garage
+Creating a cluster layout for a Garage deployment means informing Garage
 of the disk space available on each node of the cluster
 as well as the zone (e.g. datacenter) each machine is located in.

@@ -118,14 +120,18 @@ For our test deployment, we are using only one node. The way in which we configu
 it does not matter, you can simply write:

 ```bash
-garage node configure -z dc1 -c 1 <node_id>
+garage layout assign -z dc1 -c 1 <node_id>
 ```

 where `<node_id>` corresponds to the identifier of the node shown by `garage status` (first column).
 You can enter simply a prefix of that identifier.
-For instance here you could write just `garage node configure -z dc1 -c 1 563e`.
+For instance here you could write just `garage layout assign -z dc1 -c 1 563e`.

+The layout then has to be applied to the cluster, using:

+```bash
+garage layout apply
+```


 ## Creating buckets and keys
@@ -196,7 +202,7 @@ Now that we have a bucket and a key, we need to give permissions to the key on t
 ```
 garage bucket allow \
  --read \
-  --write 
+  --write \
  nextcloud-bucket \
  --key nextcloud-app-key
 ```
@@ -269,5 +275,5 @@ The following tools can also be used to send and recieve files from/to Garage:
 - [Cyberduck](https://cyberduck.io/)
 - [`s3cmd`](https://s3tools.org/s3cmd)

-Refer to the ["configuring clients"](../cookbook/clients.md) page to learn how to configure
-these clients to interact with a Garage server.
+Refer to the ["Integrations" section](../connect/index.md) to learn how to
+configure application and command line utilities to integrate with Garage.
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ sled_flush_every_ms = 2000
 [s3_api]
 api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
 s3_region = "garage"
+root_domain = ".s3.garage"

 [s3_web]
 bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
@@ -132,9 +133,9 @@ These peer identifiers have the following syntax:

 In the case where `rpc_public_addr` is correctly specified in the
 configuration file, the full identifier of a node including IP and port can
-be obtained by running `garage node-id` and then included directly in the
+be obtained by running `garage node id` and then included directly in the
 `bootstrap_peers` list of other nodes.  Otherwise, only the node's public
-key will be returned by `garage node-id` and you will have to add the IP
+key will be returned by `garage node id` and you will have to add the IP
 yourself.

 #### `consul_host` and `consul_service_name`
@@ -176,6 +177,15 @@ Garage will accept S3 API calls that are targetted to the S3 region defined here
 API calls targetted to other regions will fail with a AuthorizationHeaderMalformed error
 message that redirects the client to the correct region.

+#### `root_domain`
+
+The optionnal suffix to access bucket using vhost-style in addition to path-style request.
+Note path-style requests are always enabled, whether or not vhost-style is configured.
+Configuring vhost-style S3 required a wildcard DNS entry, and possibly a wildcard TLS certificate,
+but might be required by softwares not supporting path-style requests.
+
+If `root_domain` is `s3.garage.eu`, a bucket called `my-bucket` can be interacted with
+using the hostname `my-bucket.s3.garage.eu`.

 ## The `[s3_web]` section

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Creating and updating a cluster layout
+
+The cluster layout in Garage is a table that assigns to each node a role in
+the cluster. The role of a node in Garage can either be a storage node with
+a certain capacity, or a gateway node that does not store data and is only
+used as an API entry point for faster cluster access.
+An introduction to building cluster layouts can be found in the [production deployment](/cookbook/real_world.md) page.
+
+## How cluster layouts work in Garage
+
+In Garage, a cluster layout is composed of the following components:
+
+- a table of roles assigned to nodes
+- a version number
+
+Garage nodes will always use the cluster layout with the highest version number.
+
+Garage nodes also maintain and synchronize between them a set of proposed role
+changes that haven't yet been applied. These changes will be applied (or
+canceled) in the next version of the layout
+
+The following commands insert modifications to the set of proposed role changes
+for the next layout version (but they do not create the new layout immediately):
+
+```bash
+garage layout assign [...]
+garage layout remove [...]
+```
+
+The following command can be used to inspect the layout that is currently set in the cluster
+and the changes proposed for the next layout version, if any:
+
+```bash
+garage layout show
+```
+
+The following commands create a new layout with the specified version number,
+that either takes into account the proposed changes or cancels them:
+
+```bash
+garage layout apply --version <new_version_number>
+garage layout revert --version <new_version_number>
+```
+
+The version number of the new layout to create must be 1 + the version number
+of the previous layout that existed in the cluster.  The `apply` and `revert`
+commands will fail otherwise.
+
+## Warnings about Garage cluster layout management
+
+**Warning: never make several calls to `garage layout apply` or `garage layout
+revert` with the same value of the `--version` flag. Doing so can lead to the
+creation of several different layouts with the same version number, in which
+case your Garage cluster will become inconsistent until fixed.** If a call to
+`garage layout apply` or `garage layout revert` has failed and `garage layout
+show` indicates that a new layout with the given version number has not been
+set in the cluster, then it is fine to call the command again with the same
+version number.
+
+If you are using the `garage` CLI by typing individual commands in your
+shell, you shouldn't have much issues as long as you run commands one after
+the other and take care of checking the output of `garage layout show`
+before applying any changes.
+
+If you are using the `garage` CLI to script layout changes, follow the following recommendations:
+
+- Make all of your `garage` CLI calls to the same RPC host. Do not use the
+  `garage` CLI to connect to individual nodes to send them each a piece of the
+  layout changes you are making, as the changes propagate asynchronously
+  between nodes and might not all be taken into account at the time when the
+  new layout is applied.
+
+- **Only call `garage layout apply` once**, and call it **strictly after** all
+  of the `layout assign` and `layout remove` commands have returned.
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# S3 compatibility target
+
+If there is a specific S3 functionnality you have a need for, feel free to open
+a PR to put the corresponding endpoints higher in the list.  Please explain
+your motivations for doing so in the PR message.
+
+| Priority                   | Endpoints  |
+| -------------------------- | --------- |
+| **S-tier** (high priority) | |
+| 							 | HeadBucket |
+| 							 | GetBucketLocation |
+| 							 | *CreateBucket* |
+| 							 | *DeleteBucket* |
+| 							 | ListBuckets |
+| 							 | ListObjects |
+| 							 | ListObjectsV2 |
+| 							 | HeadObject |
+| 							 | GetObject |
+| 							 | PutObject |
+| 							 | CopyObject |
+| 							 | DeleteObject |
+| 							 | DeleteObjects |
+| 							 | CreateMultipartUpload |
+| 							 | CompleteMultipartUpload |
+| 							 | AbortMultipartUpload |
+| 							 | UploadPart |
+| 							 | *ListMultipartUploads* |
+| 							 | *ListParts* |
+| **A-tier** (will implement)     | |
+| 							 | *GetBucketCors* |
+| 							 | *PutBucketCors* |
+| 							 | *DeleteBucketCors* |
+| 							 | *UploadPartCopy* |
+| 							 | *GetBucketWebsite* |
+| 							 | *PutBucketWebsite* |
+| 							 | *DeleteBucketWebsite* |
+| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
+| **B-tier** | |
+| 							 | GetBucketAcl |
+| 							 | PutBucketAcl |
+| 							 | GetObjectLockConfiguration |
+| 							 | PutObjectLockConfiguration |
+| 							 | GetObjectRetention |
+| 							 | PutObjectRetention |
+| 							 | GetObjectLegalHold |
+| 							 | PutObjectLegalHold |
+| **C-tier** | |
+| 							 | GetBucketVersioning |
+| 							 | PutBucketVersioning |
+| 							 | ListObjectVersions |
+| 							 | GetObjectAcl |
+| 							 | PutObjectAcl |
+| **garbage-tier**   | |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketEncryption |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketAnalyticsConfiguration |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketInventoryConfiguration |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketLifecycle |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketMetricsConfiguration |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketOwnershipControls |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketPolicy |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketReplication |
+| 							 | DeleteBucketTagging |
+| 							 | DeleteObjectTagging |
+| 							 | DeletePublicAccessBlock |
+| 							 | GetBucketAccelerateConfiguration |
+| 							 | GetBucketAnalyticsConfiguration |
+| 							 | GetBucketEncryption |
+| 							 | GetBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration |
+| 							 | GetBucketInventoryConfiguration |
+| 							 | GetBucketLifecycleConfiguration |
+| 							 | GetBucketLogging |
+| 							 | GetBucketMetricsConfiguration |
+| 							 | GetBucketNotificationConfiguration |
+| 							 | GetBucketOwnershipControls |
+| 							 | GetBucketPolicy |
+| 							 | GetBucketPolicyStatus |
+| 							 | GetBucketReplication |
+| 							 | GetBucketRequestPayment |
+| 							 | GetBucketTagging |
+| 							 | GetObjectTagging |
+| 							 | GetObjectTorrent |
+| 							 | GetPublicAccessBlock |
+| 							 | ListBucketAnalyticsConfigurations |
+| 							 | ListBucketIntelligentTieringConfigurations |
+| 							 | ListBucketInventoryConfigurations |
+| 							 | ListBucketMetricsConfigurations |
+| 							 | PutBucketAccelerateConfiguration |
+| 							 | PutBucketAnalyticsConfiguration |
+| 							 | PutBucketEncryption |
+| 							 | PutBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration |
+| 							 | PutBucketInventoryConfiguration |
+| 							 | PutBucketLifecycleConfiguration |
+| 							 | PutBucketLogging |
+| 							 | PutBucketMetricsConfiguration |
+| 							 | PutBucketNotificationConfiguration |
+| 							 | PutBucketOwnershipControls |
+| 							 | PutBucketPolicy |
+| 							 | PutBucketReplication |
+| 							 | PutBucketRequestPayment |
+| 							 | PutBucketTagging |
+| 							 | PutObjectTagging |
+| 							 | PutPublicAccessBlock |
+| 							 | RestoreObject |
+| 							 | SelectObjectContent |
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# Design draft
+
+**WARNING: this documentation is a design draft which was written before Garage's actual implementation.
+The general principle are similar, but details have not been updated.**
+
+
+#### Modules
+
+- `membership/`: configuration, membership management (gossip of node's presence and status), ring generation --> what about Serf (used by Consul/Nomad) : https://www.serf.io/? Seems a huge library with many features so maybe overkill/hard to integrate
+- `metadata/`: metadata management
+- `blocks/`: block management, writing, GC and rebalancing
+- `internal/`: server to server communication (HTTP server and client that reuses connections, TLS if we want, etc)
+- `api/`: S3 API
+- `web/`: web management interface
+
+#### Metadata tables
+
+**Objects:**
+
+- *Hash key:* Bucket name (string)
+- *Sort key:* Object key (string)
+- *Sort key:* Version timestamp (int)
+- *Sort key:* Version UUID (string)
+- Complete: bool
+- Inline: bool, true for objects < threshold (say 1024)
+- Object size (int)
+- Mime type (string)
+- Data for inlined objects (blob)
+- Hash of first block otherwise (string)
+
+*Having only a hash key on the bucket name will lead to storing all file entries of this table for a specific bucket on a single node. At the same time, it is the only way I see to rapidly being able to list all bucket entries...*
+
+**Blocks:**
+
+- *Hash key:* Version UUID (string)
+- *Sort key:* Offset of block in total file (int)
+- Hash of data block (string)
+
+A version is defined by the existence of at least one entry in the blocks table for a certain version UUID.
+We must keep the following invariant: if a version exists in the blocks table, it has to be referenced in the objects table.
+We explicitly manage concurrent versions of an object: the version timestamp and version UUID columns are index columns, thus we may have several concurrent versions of an object.
+Important: before deleting an older version from the objects table, we must make sure that we did a successfull delete of the blocks of that version from the blocks table.
+
+Thus, the workflow for reading an object is as follows:
+
+1. Check permissions (LDAP)
+2. Read entry in object table. If data is inline, we have its data, stop here.
+   -> if several versions, take newest one and launch deletion of old ones in background
+3. Read first block from cluster. If size <= 1 block, stop here.
+4. Simultaneously with previous step, if size > 1 block: query the Blocks table for the IDs of the next blocks
+5. Read subsequent blocks from cluster
+
+Workflow for PUT:
+
+1. Check write permission (LDAP)
+2. Select a new version UUID
+3. Write a preliminary entry for the new version in the objects table with complete = false
+4. Send blocks to cluster and write entries in the blocks table
+5. Update the version with complete = true and all of the accurate information (size, etc)
+6. Return success to the user
+7. Launch a background job to check and delete older versions
+
+Workflow for DELETE:
+
+1. Check write permission (LDAP)
+2. Get current version (or versions) in object table
+3. Do the deletion of those versions NOT IN A BACKGROUND JOB THIS TIME
+4. Return succes to the user if we were able to delete blocks from the blocks table and entries from the object table
+
+To delete a version:
+
+1. List the blocks from Cassandra
+2. For each block, delete it from cluster. Don't care if some deletions fail, we can do GC.
+3. Delete all of the blocks from the blocks table
+4. Finally, delete the version from the objects table
+
+Known issue: if someone is reading from a version that we want to delete and the object is big, the read might be interrupted. I think it is ok to leave it like this, we just cut the connection if data disappears during a read.
+
+("Soit P un problème, on s'en fout est une solution à ce problème")
+
+#### Block storage on disk
+
+**Blocks themselves:**
+
+- file path = /blobs/(first 3 hex digits of hash)/(rest of hash)
+
+**Reverse index for GC & other block-level metadata:**
+
+- file path = /meta/(first 3 hex digits of hash)/(rest of hash)
+- map block hash -> set of version UUIDs where it is referenced
+
+Usefull metadata:
+
+- list of versions that reference this block in the Casandra table, so that we can do GC by checking in Cassandra that the lines still exist
+- list of other nodes that we know have acknowledged a write of this block, usefull in the rebalancing algorithm
+
+Write strategy: have a single thread that does all write IO so that it is serialized (or have several threads that manage independent parts of the hash space). When writing a blob, write it to a temporary file, close, then rename so that a concurrent read gets a consistent result (either not found or found with whole content).
+
+Read strategy: the only read operation is get(hash) that returns either the data or not found (can do a corruption check as well and return corrupted state if it is the case). Can be done concurrently with writes.
+
+**Internal API:**
+
+- get(block hash) -> ok+data/not found/corrupted
+- put(block hash & data, version uuid + offset) -> ok/error
+- put with no data(block hash, version uuid + offset) -> ok/not found plz send data/error
+- delete(block hash, version uuid + offset) -> ok/error
+
+GC: when last ref is deleted, delete block.
+Long GC procedure: check in Cassandra that version UUIDs still exist and references this block.
+
+Rebalancing: takes as argument the list of newly added nodes.
+
+- List all blocks that we have. For each block:
+- If it hits a newly introduced node, send it to them.
+  Use put with no data first to check if it has to be sent to them already or not.
+  Use a random listing order to avoid race conditions (they do no harm but we might have two nodes sending the same thing at the same time thus wasting time).
+- If it doesn't hit us anymore, delete it and its reference list.
+
+Only one balancing can be running at a same time. It can be restarted at the beginning with new parameters.
+
+#### Membership management
+
+Two sets of nodes:
+
+- set of nodes from which a ping was recently received, with status: number of stored blocks, request counters, error counters, GC%, rebalancing%
+  (eviction from this set after say 30 seconds without ping)
+- set of nodes that are part of the system, explicitly modified by the operator using the web UI (persisted to disk),
+  is a CRDT using a version number for the value of the whole set
+
+Thus, three states for nodes:
+
+- healthy: in both sets
+- missing: not pingable but part of desired cluster
+- unused/draining: currently present but not part of the desired cluster, empty = if contains nothing, draining = if still contains some blocks
+
+Membership messages between nodes:
+
+- ping with current state + hash of current membership info -> reply with same info
+- send&get back membership info (the ids of nodes that are in the two sets): used when no local membership change in a long time and membership info hash discrepancy detected with first message (passive membership fixing with full CRDT gossip)
+- inform of newly pingable node(s) -> no result, when receive new info repeat to all (reliable broadcast)
+- inform of operator membership change -> no result, when receive new info repeat to all (reliable broadcast)
+
+Ring: generated from the desired set of nodes, however when doing read/writes on the ring, skip nodes that are known to be not pingable.
+The tokens are generated in a deterministic fashion from node IDs (hash of node id + token number from 1 to K).
+Number K of tokens per node: decided by the operator & stored in the operator's list of nodes CRDT. Default value proposal: with node status information also broadcast disk total size and free space, and propose a default number of tokens equal to 80%Free space / 10Gb. (this is all user interface)
+
+
+#### Constants
+
+- Block size: around 1MB ? --> Exoscale use 16MB chunks
+- Number of tokens in the hash ring: one every 10Gb of allocated storage
+- Threshold for storing data directly in Cassandra objects table: 1kb bytes (maybe up to 4kb?)
+- Ping timeout (time after which a node is registered as unresponsive/missing): 30 seconds
+- Ping interval: 10 seconds
+- ??
+
+#### Links
+
+- CDC: <https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/atc16/atc16-paper-xia.pdf>
+- Erasure coding: <http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~jplank/plank/papers/CS-08-627.html>
+- [Openstack Storage Concepts](https://docs.openstack.org/arch-design/design-storage/design-storage-concepts.html)
+- [RADOS](https://ceph.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/weil-rados-pdsw07.pdf)
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Load Balancing Data (planned for version 0.2)

+**This is being yet improved in release 0.5. The working document has not been updated yet, it still only applies to Garage 0.2 through 0.4.**
+
 I have conducted a quick study of different methods to load-balance data over different Garage nodes using consistent hashing.

 ## Requirements
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# Migrating from 0.3 to 0.4
+
+**Migrating from 0.3 to 0.4 is unsupported. This document is only intended to
+document the process internally for the Deuxfleurs cluster where we have to do
+it. Do not try it yourself, you will lose your data and we will not help you.**
+
+**Migrating from 0.2 to 0.4 will break everything for sure. Never try it.**
+
+The internal data format of Garage hasn't changed much between 0.3 and 0.4.
+The Sled database is still the same, and the data directory as well.
+
+The following has changed, all in the meta directory:
+
+- `node_id` in 0.3 contains the identifier of the current node. In 0.4, this
+  file does nothing and should be deleted. It is replaced by `node_key` (the
+  secret key) and `node_key.pub` (the associated public key). A node's
+  identifier on the ring is its public key.
+
+- `peer_info` in 0.3 contains the list of peers saved automatically by Garage.
+  The format has changed and it is now stored in `peer_list` (`peer_info`
+  should be deleted).
+
+When migrating, all node identifiers will change. This also means that the
+affectation of data partitions on the ring will change, and lots of data will
+have to be rebalanced.
+
+- If your cluster has only 3 nodes, all nodes store everything, therefore nothing has to be rebalanced.
+
+- If your cluster has only 4 nodes, for any partition there will always be at
+  least 2 nodes that stored data before that still store it after. Therefore
+  the migration should in theory be transparent and Garage should continue to
+  work during the rebalance.
+
+- If your cluster has 5 or more nodes, data will disappear during the
+  migration. Do not migrate (fortunately we don't have this scenario at
+  Deuxfleurs), or if you do, make Garage unavailable until things stabilize
+  (disable web and api access).
+
+
+The migration steps are as follows:
+
+1. Prepare a new configuration file for 0.4. For each node, point to the same
+   meta and data directories as Garage 0.3. Basically, the things that change
+   are the following:
+
+  - No more `rpc_tls` section
+  - You have to generate a shared `rpc_secret` and put it in all config files
+  - `bootstrap_peers` has a different syntax as it has to contain node keys.
+    Leave it empty and use `garage node-id` and `garage node connect` instead (new features of 0.4)
+  - put the publicly accessible RPC address of your node in `rpc_public_addr` if possible (its optional but recommended)
+  - If you are using Consul, change the `consul_service_name` to NOT be the name advertised by Nomad.
+    Now Garage is responsible for advertising its own service itself.
+
+2. Disable api and web access for some time (Garage does not support disabling
+   these endpoints but you can change the port number or stop your reverse
+   proxy for instance).
+
+3. Do `garage repair -a --yes tables` and `garage repair -a --yes blocks`,
+   check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
+   nodes.
+
+4. Save somewhere the output of `garage status`. We will need this to remember
+   how to reconfigure nodes in 0.4.
+
+5. Turn off Garage 0.3
+
+6. Backup metadata folders if you can (i.e. if you have space to do it
+   somewhere). Backuping data folders could also be usefull but that's much
+   harder to do. If your filesystem supports snapshots, this could be a good
+   time to use them.
+
+7. Turn on Garage 0.4
+
+8. At this point, running `garage status` should indicate that all nodes of the
+   previous cluster are "unavailable". The nodes have new identifiers that
+   should appear in healthy nodes once they can talk to one another (use
+   `garage node connect` if necessary`). They should have NO ROLE ASSIGNED at
+   the moment.
+
+9. Prepare a script with several `garage node configure` commands that replace
+   each of the v0.3 node ID with the corresponding v0.4 node ID, with the same
+   zone/tag/capacity. For example if your node `drosera` had identifier `c24e`
+   before and now has identifier `789a`, and it was configured with capacity
+   `2` in zone `dc1`, put the following command in your script:
+
+```bash
+garage node configure 789a -z dc1 -c 2 -t drosera --replace c24e
+```
+
+10. Run your reconfiguration script. Check that the new output of `garage
+	status` contains the correct node IDs with the correct values for capacity
+	and zone. Old nodes should no longer be mentioned.
+
+11. If your cluster has 4 nodes or less, and you are feeling adventurous, you
+	can reenable Web and API access now. Things will probably work.
+
+12. Garage might already be resyncing stuff. Issue a `garage repair -a --yes
+	tables` and `garage repair -a --yes blocks` to force it to do so.
+
+13. Wait for resyncing activity to stop in the logs. Do steps 12 and 13 two or
+	three times, until you see that when you issue the repair commands, nothing
+	gets resynced any longer.
+
+14. Your upgraded cluster should be in a working state. Re-enable API and Web
+	access and check that everything went well.
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -xe
-
-cd $(dirname $0)
-
-mkdir -p pki
-cd pki
-
-# Create a certificate authority that both the client side and the server side of
-# the RPC protocol will use to authenticate the other side.
-if [ ! -f garage-ca.key ]; then
-    echo "Generating Garage CA keys..."
-	openssl genpkey -algorithm ED25519 -out garage-ca.key
-	openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key garage-ca.key -sha256 -days 3650 -out garage-ca.crt -subj "/C=FR/O=Garage"
-fi
-
-
-# Generate a certificate that can be used either as a server certificate
-# or a client certificate. This is what the RPC client and server will use
-# to prove that they are authenticated by the CA.
-if [ ! -f garage.crt ]; then
-	echo "Generating Garage agent keys..."
-	if [ ! -f garage.key ]; then
-		openssl genpkey -algorithm ED25519 -out garage.key
-	fi
-	openssl req -new -sha256 -key garage.key -subj "/C=FR/O=Garage/CN=garage" \
-		-out garage.csr
-	openssl req -in garage.csr -noout -text
-	openssl x509 -req -in garage.csr \
-		-extensions v3_req \
-		-extfile <(cat <<EOF
-[req]
-distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
-req_extensions = v3_req
-prompt = no
-
-[req_distinguished_name]
-C = FR
-O = Garage
-CN = garage
-
-[v3_req]
-keyUsage = keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
-extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth
-subjectAltName = @alt_names
-[alt_names]
-DNS.1 = garage
-EOF
-) \
-		-CA garage-ca.crt -CAkey garage-ca.key -CAcreateserial \
-		-out garage.crt -days 365
-fi
-
-# Client-only certificate used for the CLI
-if [ ! -f garage-client.crt ]; then
-	echo "Generating Garage client keys..."
-	if [ ! -f garage-client.key ]; then
-		openssl genpkey -algorithm ED25519 -out garage-client.key
-	fi
-	openssl req -new -sha256 -key garage-client.key -subj "/C=FR/O=Garage" \
-		-out garage-client.csr
-	openssl req -in garage-client.csr -noout -text
-	openssl x509 -req -in garage-client.csr \
-		-extensions v3_req \
-		-extfile <(cat <<EOF
-[req]
-distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
-req_extensions = v3_req
-prompt = no
-
-[req_distinguished_name]
-C = FR
-O = Garage
-
-[v3_req]
-keyUsage = keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
-extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth
-EOF
-) \
-		-CA garage-ca.crt -CAkey garage-ca.key -CAcreateserial \
-		-out garage-client.crt -days 365
-fi
@@ -12,16 +12,10 @@ rec {
    url = "https://github.com/superboum/cargo2nix";
    rev = "1364752cd784764db2ef5b1e1248727cebfae2ce";
  };
-  rustOverlaySrc = fetchGit {
-    # As of 2021-10-05
-    url = "https://github.com/oxalica/rust-overlay";
-    rev = "9c2fc6a62ccbc6f420d71ecac6bf0b84dbbee64f";
-  };

  /*
   * Shared objects
   */
-  rustOverlay = import rustOverlaySrc;
  cargo2nix = import cargo2nixSrc;
  cargo2nixOverlay = import "${cargo2nixSrc}/overlay";
 }
@@ -2,6 +2,3 @@ substituters = https://cache.nixos.org https://nix.web.deuxfleurs.fr
 trusted-public-keys = cache.nixos.org-1:6NCHdD59X431o0gWypbMrAURkbJ16ZPMQFGspcDShjY= nix.web.deuxfleurs.fr:eTGL6kvaQn6cDR/F9lDYUIP9nCVR/kkshYfLDJf1yKs=
 max-jobs = auto
 cores = 4
-
-# required for containers
-sandbox = false
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  system ? builtins.currentSystem,
+}:
+
+with import ./common.nix;
+
+let
+  platforms = [
+    "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl"
+    "i686-unknown-linux-musl"
+    "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl"
+    "armv6l-unknown-linux-musleabihf"
+  ];
+  pkgsList = builtins.map (target: import pkgsSrc { 
+    inherit system; 
+    crossSystem = { config = target; };
+  }) platforms;
+  pkgsHost = import pkgsSrc {};
+  lib = pkgsHost.lib;
+  kaniko = (import ./kaniko.nix) pkgsHost;
+in 
+  lib.flatten (builtins.map (pkgs: [
+     pkgs.rustPlatform.rust.rustc
+     pkgs.rustPlatform.rust.cargo
+     pkgs.buildPackages.stdenv.cc
+  ]) pkgsList) ++ [
+    kaniko
+  ]
+
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ EOF

 echo -en "$LABEL configuration written to $CONF_PATH\n"

+(garage -c /tmp/config.$count.toml server 2>&1|while read r; do echo -en "$LABEL $r\n"; done) &
+done
+# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> END FOR LOOP ON NODES
+
 if [ -z "$SKIP_HTTPS" ]; then
  echo -en "$LABEL Starting dummy HTTPS reverse proxy\n"
  mkdir -p /tmp/garagessl
@@ -62,14 +66,10 @@ if [ -z "$SKIP_HTTPS" ]; then
  socat openssl-listen:4443,reuseaddr,fork,cert=/tmp/garagessl/test.pem,verify=0 tcp4-connect:localhost:3911 &
 fi

-(garage -c /tmp/config.$count.toml server 2>&1|while read r; do echo -en "$LABEL $r\n"; done) &
-done
-# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> END FOR LOOP ON NODES
-
 sleep 3
 # Establish connections between nodes
 for count in $(seq 1 3); do
-	NODE=$(garage -c /tmp/config.$count.toml node-id -q)
+	NODE=$(garage -c /tmp/config.$count.toml node id -q)
 	for count2 in $(seq 1 3); do
 		garage -c /tmp/config.$count2.toml node connect $NODE
 	done
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml status \
 	| grep 'NO ROLE' \
 	| grep -Po '^[0-9a-f]+' \
 	| while read id; do 
-	  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml node configure -z dc1 -c 1 $id
+	  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml layout assign $id -z dc1 -c 1
 	done

+garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml layout apply --version 1
@@ -116,15 +116,30 @@ if [ -z "$SKIP_AWS" ]; then
  echo "🧪 Website Testing"
  echo "<h1>hello world</h1>" > /tmp/garage-index.html
  aws s3 cp /tmp/garage-index.html s3://eprouvette/index.html
-  [ `curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --header "Host: eprouvette.garage.tld"  http://127.0.0.1:3923/ ` == 404 ]
+  [ `curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --header "Host: eprouvette.garage.tld"  http://127.0.0.1:3921/ ` == 404 ]
  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml bucket website --allow eprouvette
-  [ `curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --header "Host: eprouvette.garage.tld"  http://127.0.0.1:3923/ ` == 200 ]
+  [ `curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --header "Host: eprouvette.garage.tld"  http://127.0.0.1:3921/ ` == 200 ]
  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml bucket website --deny eprouvette
-  [ `curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --header "Host: eprouvette.garage.tld"  http://127.0.0.1:3923/ ` == 404 ]
+  [ `curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --header "Host: eprouvette.garage.tld"  http://127.0.0.1:3921/ ` == 404 ]
  aws s3 rm s3://eprouvette/index.html
  rm /tmp/garage-index.html
 fi

+if [ -z "$SKIP_AWS" ]; then
+  echo "🪣 Test bucket logic "
+  AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=`cat /tmp/garage.s3 |cut -d' ' -f1`
+  [ $(aws s3 ls | wc -l) == 1 ]
+  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml bucket create seau
+  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml bucket allow --read seau --key $AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+  [ $(aws s3 ls | wc -l) == 2 ]
+  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml bucket deny --read seau --key $AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+  [ $(aws s3 ls | wc -l) == 1 ]
+  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml bucket allow --read seau --key $AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+  [ $(aws s3 ls | wc -l) == 2 ]
+  garage -c /tmp/config.1.toml bucket delete --yes seau
+  [ $(aws s3 ls | wc -l) == 1 ]
+fi
+
 echo "🏁 Teardown"
 AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=`cat /tmp/garage.s3 |cut -d' ' -f1`
 AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=`cat /tmp/garage.s3 |cut -d' ' -f2`
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 {
  system ? builtins.currentSystem,
-  crossSystem ? null,
  rust ? true,
  integration ? true,
  release ? true,
@@ -10,10 +9,9 @@ with import ./nix/common.nix;

 let
  pkgs = import pkgsSrc {
-    inherit system crossSystem;
-    overlays = [ cargo2nixOverlay rustOverlay ];
+    inherit system;
+    overlays = [ cargo2nixOverlay ];
  };
-  rustDist = pkgs.buildPackages.rust-bin.stable.latest.default;
  kaniko = (import ./nix/kaniko.nix) pkgs;

 in
@@ -57,13 +55,39 @@ function refresh_index {
      result \
      s3://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases.html
 }
+
+function refresh_toolchain {
+  nix copy \
+    --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
+    $(nix-store -qR \
+      $(nix-build --quiet --no-build-output --no-out-link nix/toolchain.nix))
+}
  '';

  nativeBuildInputs = 
-   (if rust then [ rustDist (pkgs.callPackage cargo2nix {}).package ] else [])
+   (if rust then [
+     pkgs.rustPlatform.rust.rustc
+     pkgs.rustPlatform.rust.cargo
+     pkgs.clippy
+     pkgs.rustfmt
+     /*(pkgs.callPackage cargo2nix {}).package*/
+    ] else [])
   ++
-   (if integration then [ pkgs.s3cmd pkgs.awscli2 pkgs.minio-client pkgs.rclone pkgs.socat pkgs.psmisc pkgs.which ] else [])
+   (if integration then [ 
+     pkgs.s3cmd
+     pkgs.awscli2
+     pkgs.minio-client
+     pkgs.rclone
+     pkgs.socat
+     pkgs.psmisc
+     pkgs.which
+     pkgs.openssl
+     pkgs.curl
+    ] else [])
   ++
-   (if release then [ pkgs.awscli2 kaniko ] else [])
+   (if release then [ 
+     pkgs.awscli2
+     kaniko 
+    ] else [])
   ;
 }
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "garage_api"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 authors = ["Alex Auvolat <alex@adnab.me>"]
 edition = "2018"
 license = "AGPL-3.0"
 description = "S3 API server crate for the Garage object store"
 repository = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage"
+readme = "../../README.md"

 [lib]
 path = "lib.rs"
@@ -13,9 +14,9 @@ path = "lib.rs"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
-garage_model = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../model" }
-garage_table = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../table" }
-garage_util = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../util" }
+garage_model = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../model" }
+garage_table = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../table" }
+garage_util = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../util" }

 base64 = "0.13"
 bytes = "1.0"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ crypto-mac = "0.10"
 err-derive = "0.3"
 hex = "0.4"
 hmac = "0.10"
+idna = "0.2"
 log = "0.4"
 md-5 = "0.9"
 sha2 = "0.9"
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::sync::Arc;

 use futures::future::Future;
+use hyper::header;
 use hyper::server::conn::AddrStream;
 use hyper::service::{make_service_fn, service_fn};
-use hyper::{Body, Method, Request, Response, Server};
+use hyper::{Body, Request, Response, Server};

 use garage_util::error::Error as GarageError;

@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ use garage_model::garage::Garage;
 use crate::error::*;
 use crate::signature::check_signature;

+use crate::helpers::*;
 use crate::s3_bucket::*;
 use crate::s3_copy::*;
 use crate::s3_delete::*;
 use crate::s3_get::*;
 use crate::s3_list::*;
 use crate::s3_put::*;
+use crate::s3_router::{Authorization, Endpoint};

 /// Run the S3 API server
 pub async fn run_api_server(
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ pub async fn run_api_server(
 		}
 	});

-	let server = Server::bind(&addr).serve(service);
+	let server = Server::bind(addr).serve(service);

 	let graceful = server.with_graceful_shutdown(shutdown_signal);
 	info!("API server listening on http://{}", addr);
@@ -63,10 +65,15 @@ async fn handler(
 		}
 		Err(e) => {
 			let body: Body = Body::from(e.aws_xml(&garage.config.s3_api.s3_region, uri.path()));
-			let http_error = Response::builder()
+			let mut http_error_builder = Response::builder()
 				.status(e.http_status_code())
-				.header("Content-Type", "application/xml")
-				.body(body)?;
+				.header("Content-Type", "application/xml");
+
+			if let Some(header_map) = http_error_builder.headers_mut() {
+				e.add_headers(header_map)
+			}
+
+			let http_error = http_error_builder.body(body)?;

 			if e.http_status_code().is_server_error() {
 				warn!("Response: error {}, {}", e.http_status_code(), e);
@@ -79,182 +86,197 @@ async fn handler(
 }

 async fn handler_inner(garage: Arc<Garage>, req: Request<Body>) -> Result<Response<Body>, Error> {
-	let path = req.uri().path().to_string();
-	let path = percent_encoding::percent_decode_str(&path).decode_utf8()?;
 	let (api_key, content_sha256) = check_signature(&garage, &req).await?;
-	if path == "/" {
-		return handle_list_buckets(&api_key);
-	}

-	let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key(&path)?;
-	let allowed = match req.method() {
-		&Method::HEAD | &Method::GET => api_key.allow_read(&bucket),
-		_ => api_key.allow_write(&bucket),
+	let authority = req
+		.headers()
+		.get(header::HOST)
+		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest("HOST header required".to_owned()))?
+		.to_str()?;
+
+	let host = authority_to_host(authority)?;
+
+	let bucket = garage
+		.config
+		.s3_api
+		.root_domain
+		.as_ref()
+		.and_then(|root_domain| host_to_bucket(&host, root_domain));
+
+	let endpoint = Endpoint::from_request(&req, bucket.map(ToOwned::to_owned))?;
+	let allowed = match endpoint.authorization_type() {
+		Authorization::None => true,
+		Authorization::Read(bucket) => api_key.allow_read(bucket),
+		Authorization::Write(bucket) => api_key.allow_write(bucket),
 	};
+
 	if !allowed {
 		return Err(Error::Forbidden(
 			"Operation is not allowed for this key.".to_string(),
 		));
 	}

-	let mut params = HashMap::new();
-	if let Some(query) = req.uri().query() {
-		let query_pairs = url::form_urlencoded::parse(query.as_bytes());
-		for (key, val) in query_pairs {
-			params.insert(key.to_lowercase(), val.to_string());
+	match endpoint {
+		Endpoint::ListBuckets => handle_list_buckets(&api_key),
+		Endpoint::HeadObject { bucket, key, .. } => handle_head(garage, &req, &bucket, &key).await,
+		Endpoint::GetObject { bucket, key, .. } => handle_get(garage, &req, &bucket, &key).await,
+		Endpoint::UploadPart {
+			bucket,
+			key,
+			part_number,
+			upload_id,
+		} => {
+			handle_put_part(
+				garage,
+				req,
+				&bucket,
+				&key,
+				part_number,
+				&upload_id,
+				content_sha256,
+			)
+			.await
 		}
-	}
-
-	if let Some(key) = key {
-		match *req.method() {
-			Method::HEAD => {
-				// HeadObject query
-				Ok(handle_head(garage, &req, &bucket, &key).await?)
+		Endpoint::CopyObject { bucket, key } => {
+			let copy_source = req.headers().get("x-amz-copy-source").unwrap().to_str()?;
+			let copy_source = percent_encoding::percent_decode_str(copy_source).decode_utf8()?;
+			let (source_bucket, source_key) = parse_bucket_key(&copy_source, None)?;
+			if !api_key.allow_read(source_bucket) {
+				return Err(Error::Forbidden(format!(
+					"Reading from bucket {} not allowed for this key",
+					source_bucket
+				)));
 			}
-			Method::GET => {
-				// GetObject query
-				Ok(handle_get(garage, &req, &bucket, &key).await?)
-			}
-			Method::PUT => {
-				if params.contains_key(&"partnumber".to_string())
-					&& params.contains_key(&"uploadid".to_string())
-				{
-					// UploadPart query
-					let part_number = params.get("partnumber").unwrap();
-					let upload_id = params.get("uploadid").unwrap();
-					Ok(handle_put_part(
-						garage,
-						req,
-						&bucket,
-						&key,
-						part_number,
-						upload_id,
-						content_sha256,
-					)
-					.await?)
-				} else if req.headers().contains_key("x-amz-copy-source") {
-					// CopyObject query
-					let copy_source = req.headers().get("x-amz-copy-source").unwrap().to_str()?;
-					let copy_source =
-						percent_encoding::percent_decode_str(&copy_source).decode_utf8()?;
-					let (source_bucket, source_key) = parse_bucket_key(&copy_source)?;
-					if !api_key.allow_read(&source_bucket) {
-						return Err(Error::Forbidden(format!(
-							"Reading from bucket {} not allowed for this key",
-							source_bucket
-						)));
-					}
-					let source_key = source_key.ok_or_bad_request("No source key specified")?;
-					Ok(
-						handle_copy(garage, &req, &bucket, &key, &source_bucket, &source_key)
-							.await?,
-					)
-				} else {
-					// PutObject query
-					Ok(handle_put(garage, req, &bucket, &key, content_sha256).await?)
-				}
-			}
-			Method::DELETE => {
-				if params.contains_key(&"uploadid".to_string()) {
-					// AbortMultipartUpload query
-					let upload_id = params.get("uploadid").unwrap();
-					Ok(handle_abort_multipart_upload(garage, &bucket, &key, upload_id).await?)
-				} else {
-					// DeleteObject query
-					Ok(handle_delete(garage, &bucket, &key).await?)
-				}
-			}
-			Method::POST => {
-				if params.contains_key(&"uploads".to_string()) {
-					// CreateMultipartUpload call
-					Ok(handle_create_multipart_upload(garage, &req, &bucket, &key).await?)
-				} else if params.contains_key(&"uploadid".to_string()) {
-					// CompleteMultipartUpload call
-					let upload_id = params.get("uploadid").unwrap();
-					Ok(handle_complete_multipart_upload(
-						garage,
-						req,
-						&bucket,
-						&key,
-						upload_id,
-						content_sha256,
-					)
-					.await?)
-				} else {
-					Err(Error::BadRequest(
-						"Not a CreateMultipartUpload call, what is it?".to_string(),
-					))
-				}
-			}
-			_ => Err(Error::BadRequest("Invalid method".to_string())),
+			let source_key = source_key.ok_or_bad_request("No source key specified")?;
+			handle_copy(garage, &req, &bucket, &key, source_bucket, source_key).await
 		}
-	} else {
-		match *req.method() {
-			Method::PUT => {
-				// CreateBucket
-				// If we're here, the bucket already exists, so just answer ok
-				debug!(
-					"Body: {}",
-					std::str::from_utf8(&hyper::body::to_bytes(req.into_body()).await?)
-						.unwrap_or("<invalid utf8>")
-				);
-				let empty_body: Body = Body::from(vec![]);
-				let response = Response::builder()
-					.header("Location", format!("/{}", bucket))
-					.body(empty_body)
-					.unwrap();
-				Ok(response)
-			}
-			Method::HEAD => {
-				// HeadBucket
-				let empty_body: Body = Body::from(vec![]);
-				let response = Response::builder().body(empty_body).unwrap();
-				Ok(response)
-			}
-			Method::DELETE => {
-				// DeleteBucket query
-				Err(Error::Forbidden(
-					"Cannot delete buckets using S3 api, please talk to Garage directly".into(),
-				))
-			}
-			Method::GET => {
-				if params.contains_key("location") {
-					// GetBucketLocation call
-					Ok(handle_get_bucket_location(garage)?)
-				} else if params.contains_key("versioning") {
-					// GetBucketVersioning
-					Ok(handle_get_bucket_versioning()?)
-				} else {
-					// ListObjects or ListObjectsV2 query
-					let q = parse_list_objects_query(bucket, &params)?;
-					Ok(handle_list(garage, &q).await?)
-				}
-			}
-			Method::POST => {
-				if params.contains_key(&"delete".to_string()) {
-					// DeleteObjects
-					Ok(handle_delete_objects(garage, bucket, req, content_sha256).await?)
-				} else {
-					debug!(
-						"Body: {}",
-						std::str::from_utf8(&hyper::body::to_bytes(req.into_body()).await?)
-							.unwrap_or("<invalid utf8>")
-					);
-					Err(Error::BadRequest("Unsupported call".to_string()))
-				}
-			}
-			_ => Err(Error::BadRequest("Invalid method".to_string())),
+		Endpoint::PutObject { bucket, key } => {
+			handle_put(garage, req, &bucket, &key, content_sha256).await
 		}
+		Endpoint::AbortMultipartUpload {
+			bucket,
+			key,
+			upload_id,
+		} => handle_abort_multipart_upload(garage, &bucket, &key, &upload_id).await,
+		Endpoint::DeleteObject { bucket, key, .. } => handle_delete(garage, &bucket, &key).await,
+		Endpoint::CreateMultipartUpload { bucket, key } => {
+			handle_create_multipart_upload(garage, &req, &bucket, &key).await
+		}
+		Endpoint::CompleteMultipartUpload {
+			bucket,
+			key,
+			upload_id,
+		} => {
+			handle_complete_multipart_upload(garage, req, &bucket, &key, &upload_id, content_sha256)
+				.await
+		}
+		Endpoint::CreateBucket { bucket } => {
+			debug!(
+				"Body: {}",
+				std::str::from_utf8(&hyper::body::to_bytes(req.into_body()).await?)
+					.unwrap_or("<invalid utf8>")
+			);
+			let empty_body: Body = Body::from(vec![]);
+			let response = Response::builder()
+				.header("Location", format!("/{}", bucket))
+				.body(empty_body)
+				.unwrap();
+			Ok(response)
+		}
+		Endpoint::HeadBucket { .. } => {
+			let empty_body: Body = Body::from(vec![]);
+			let response = Response::builder().body(empty_body).unwrap();
+			Ok(response)
+		}
+		Endpoint::DeleteBucket { .. } => Err(Error::Forbidden(
+			"Cannot delete buckets using S3 api, please talk to Garage directly".into(),
+		)),
+		Endpoint::GetBucketLocation { .. } => handle_get_bucket_location(garage),
+		Endpoint::GetBucketVersioning { .. } => handle_get_bucket_versioning(),
+		Endpoint::ListObjects {
+			bucket,
+			delimiter,
+			encoding_type,
+			marker,
+			max_keys,
+			prefix,
+		} => {
+			handle_list(
+				garage,
+				&ListObjectsQuery {
+					is_v2: false,
+					bucket,
+					delimiter: delimiter.map(|d| d.to_string()),
+					max_keys: max_keys.unwrap_or(1000),
+					prefix: prefix.unwrap_or_default(),
+					marker,
+					continuation_token: None,
+					start_after: None,
+					urlencode_resp: encoding_type.map(|e| e == "url").unwrap_or(false),
+				},
+			)
+			.await
+		}
+		Endpoint::ListObjectsV2 {
+			bucket,
+			delimiter,
+			encoding_type,
+			max_keys,
+			prefix,
+			continuation_token,
+			start_after,
+			list_type,
+			..
+		} => {
+			if list_type == "2" {
+				handle_list(
+					garage,
+					&ListObjectsQuery {
+						is_v2: true,
+						bucket,
+						delimiter: delimiter.map(|d| d.to_string()),
+						max_keys: max_keys.unwrap_or(1000),
+						prefix: prefix.unwrap_or_default(),
+						marker: None,
+						continuation_token,
+						start_after,
+						urlencode_resp: encoding_type.map(|e| e == "url").unwrap_or(false),
+					},
+				)
+				.await
+			} else {
+				Err(Error::BadRequest(format!(
+					"Invalid endpoint: list-type={}",
+					list_type
+				)))
+			}
+		}
+		Endpoint::DeleteObjects { bucket } => {
+			handle_delete_objects(garage, &bucket, req, content_sha256).await
+		}
+		endpoint => Err(Error::NotImplemented(endpoint.name().to_owned())),
 	}
 }

-/// Extract the bucket name and the key name from an HTTP path
+/// Extract the bucket name and the key name from an HTTP path and possibly a bucket provided in
+/// the host header of the request
 ///
 /// S3 internally manages only buckets and keys. This function splits
 /// an HTTP path to get the corresponding bucket name and key.
-fn parse_bucket_key(path: &str) -> Result<(&str, Option<&str>), Error> {
+fn parse_bucket_key<'a>(
+	path: &'a str,
+	host_bucket: Option<&'a str>,
+) -> Result<(&'a str, Option<&'a str>), Error> {
 	let path = path.trim_start_matches('/');

+	if let Some(bucket) = host_bucket {
+		if !path.is_empty() {
+			return Ok((bucket, Some(path)));
+		} else {
+			return Ok((bucket, None));
+		}
+	}
+
 	let (bucket, key) = match path.find('/') {
 		Some(i) => {
 			let key = &path[i + 1..];
@@ -278,7 +300,7 @@ mod tests {

 	#[test]
 	fn parse_bucket_containing_a_key() -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("/my_bucket/a/super/file.jpg")?;
+		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("/my_bucket/a/super/file.jpg", None)?;
 		assert_eq!(bucket, "my_bucket");
 		assert_eq!(key.expect("key must be set"), "a/super/file.jpg");
 		Ok(())
@@ -286,10 +308,10 @@ mod tests {

 	#[test]
 	fn parse_bucket_containing_no_key() -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("/my_bucket/")?;
+		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("/my_bucket/", None)?;
 		assert_eq!(bucket, "my_bucket");
 		assert!(key.is_none());
-		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("/my_bucket")?;
+		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("/my_bucket", None)?;
 		assert_eq!(bucket, "my_bucket");
 		assert!(key.is_none());
 		Ok(())
@@ -297,11 +319,30 @@ mod tests {

 	#[test]
 	fn parse_bucket_containing_no_bucket() {
-		let parsed = parse_bucket_key("");
+		let parsed = parse_bucket_key("", None);
 		assert!(parsed.is_err());
-		let parsed = parse_bucket_key("/");
+		let parsed = parse_bucket_key("/", None);
 		assert!(parsed.is_err());
-		let parsed = parse_bucket_key("////");
+		let parsed = parse_bucket_key("////", None);
 		assert!(parsed.is_err());
 	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn parse_bucket_with_vhost_and_key() -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("/a/super/file.jpg", Some("my-bucket"))?;
+		assert_eq!(bucket, "my-bucket");
+		assert_eq!(key.expect("key must be set"), "a/super/file.jpg");
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn parse_bucket_with_vhost_no_key() -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("", Some("my-bucket"))?;
+		assert_eq!(bucket, "my-bucket");
+		assert!(key.is_none());
+		let (bucket, key) = parse_bucket_key("/", Some("my-bucket"))?;
+		assert_eq!(bucket, "my-bucket");
+		assert!(key.is_none());
+		Ok(())
+	}
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+use std::convert::TryInto;
+
 use err_derive::Error;
-use hyper::StatusCode;
+use hyper::header::HeaderValue;
+use hyper::{HeaderMap, StatusCode};

 use garage_util::error::Error as GarageError;

@@ -57,11 +60,15 @@ pub enum Error {

 	/// The client sent a range header with invalid value
 	#[error(display = "Invalid HTTP range: {:?}", _0)]
-	InvalidRange(#[error(from)] http_range::HttpRangeParseError),
+	InvalidRange(#[error(from)] (http_range::HttpRangeParseError, u64)),

 	/// The client sent an invalid request
 	#[error(display = "Bad request: {}", _0)]
 	BadRequest(String),
+
+	/// The client sent a request for an action not supported by garage
+	#[error(display = "Unimplemented action: {}", _0)]
+	NotImplemented(String),
 }

 impl From<roxmltree::Error> for Error {
@@ -90,6 +97,8 @@ impl Error {
 			Error::InternalError(_) | Error::Hyper(_) | Error::Http(_) => {
 				StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
 			}
+			Error::InvalidRange(_) => StatusCode::RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE,
+			Error::NotImplemented(_) => StatusCode::NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
 			_ => StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
 		}
 	}
@@ -127,6 +136,22 @@ impl Error {
 			.into()
 		})
 	}
+
+	pub fn add_headers(&self, header_map: &mut HeaderMap<HeaderValue>) {
+		use hyper::header;
+		#[allow(clippy::single_match)]
+		match self {
+			Error::InvalidRange((_, len)) => {
+				header_map.append(
+					header::CONTENT_RANGE,
+					format!("bytes */{}", len)
+						.try_into()
+						.expect("header value only contain ascii"),
+				);
+			}
+			_ => (),
+		}
+	}
 }

 /// Trait to map error to the Bad Request error code
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+use crate::Error;
+use idna::domain_to_unicode;
+
+/// Host to bucket
+///
+/// Convert a host, like "bucket.garage-site.tld" to the corresponding bucket "bucket",
+/// considering that ".garage-site.tld" is the "root domain". For domains not matching
+/// the provided root domain, no bucket is returned
+/// This behavior has been chosen to follow AWS S3 semantic.
+pub fn host_to_bucket<'a>(host: &'a str, root: &str) -> Option<&'a str> {
+	let root = root.trim_start_matches('.');
+	let label_root = root.chars().filter(|c| c == &'.').count() + 1;
+	let root = root.rsplit('.');
+	let mut host = host.rsplitn(label_root + 1, '.');
+	for root_part in root {
+		let host_part = host.next()?;
+		if root_part != host_part {
+			return None;
+		}
+	}
+	host.next()
+}
+
+/// Extract host from the authority section given by the HTTP host header
+///
+/// The HTTP host contains both a host and a port.
+/// Extracting the port is more complex than just finding the colon (:) symbol due to IPv6
+/// We do not use the collect pattern as there is no way in std rust to collect over a stack allocated value
+/// check here: <https://docs.rs/collect_slice/1.2.0/collect_slice/>
+pub fn authority_to_host(authority: &str) -> Result<String, Error> {
+	let mut iter = authority.chars().enumerate();
+	let (_, first_char) = iter
+		.next()
+		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest("Authority is empty".to_string()))?;
+
+	let split = match first_char {
+		'[' => {
+			let mut iter = iter.skip_while(|(_, c)| c != &']');
+			match iter.next() {
+				Some((_, ']')) => iter.next(),
+				_ => {
+					return Err(Error::BadRequest(format!(
+						"Authority {} has an illegal format",
+						authority
+					)))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		_ => iter.find(|(_, c)| *c == ':'),
+	};
+
+	let authority = match split {
+		Some((i, ':')) => Ok(&authority[..i]),
+		None => Ok(authority),
+		Some((_, _)) => Err(Error::BadRequest(format!(
+			"Authority {} has an illegal format",
+			authority
+		))),
+	};
+	authority.map(|h| domain_to_unicode(h).0)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::*;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn authority_to_host_with_port() -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let domain = authority_to_host("[::1]:3902")?;
+		assert_eq!(domain, "[::1]");
+		let domain2 = authority_to_host("garage.tld:65200")?;
+		assert_eq!(domain2, "garage.tld");
+		let domain3 = authority_to_host("127.0.0.1:80")?;
+		assert_eq!(domain3, "127.0.0.1");
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn authority_to_host_without_port() -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let domain = authority_to_host("[::1]")?;
+		assert_eq!(domain, "[::1]");
+		let domain2 = authority_to_host("garage.tld")?;
+		assert_eq!(domain2, "garage.tld");
+		let domain3 = authority_to_host("127.0.0.1")?;
+		assert_eq!(domain3, "127.0.0.1");
+		assert!(authority_to_host("[").is_err());
+		assert!(authority_to_host("[hello").is_err());
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn host_to_bucket_test() {
+		assert_eq!(
+			host_to_bucket("john.doe.garage.tld", ".garage.tld").unwrap(),
+			"john.doe"
+		);
+
+		assert_eq!(
+			host_to_bucket("john.doe.garage.tld", "garage.tld").unwrap(),
+			"john.doe"
+		);
+
+		assert_eq!(host_to_bucket("john.doe.com", "garage.tld"), None);
+
+		assert_eq!(host_to_bucket("john.doe.com", ".garage.tld"), None);
+
+		assert_eq!(host_to_bucket("garage.tld", "garage.tld"), None);
+
+		assert_eq!(host_to_bucket("garage.tld", ".garage.tld"), None);
+
+		assert_eq!(host_to_bucket("not-garage.tld", "garage.tld"), None);
+		assert_eq!(host_to_bucket("not-garage.tld", ".garage.tld"), None);
+	}
+}
@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ pub use api_server::run_api_server;

 mod signature;

+pub mod helpers;
 mod s3_bucket;
 mod s3_copy;
 mod s3_delete;
 pub mod s3_get;
 mod s3_list;
 mod s3_put;
+mod s3_router;
 mod s3_xml;
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ pub fn handle_list_buckets(api_key: &Key) -> Result<Response<Body>, Error> {
 				.authorized_buckets
 				.items()
 				.iter()
+				.filter(|(_, _, perms)| perms.allow_read || perms.allow_write)
 				.map(|(name, ts, _)| s3_xml::Bucket {
 					creation_date: s3_xml::Value(msec_to_rfc3339(*ts)),
 					name: s3_xml::Value(name.to_string()),
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ async fn handle_delete_internal(
 	);

 	garage.object_table.insert(&object).await?;
-	return Ok((deleted_version, version_uuid));
+
+	Ok((deleted_version, version_uuid))
 }

 pub async fn handle_delete(
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ pub async fn handle_delete_objects(
 	let body = hyper::body::to_bytes(req.into_body()).await?;
 	verify_signed_content(content_sha256, &body[..])?;

-	let cmd_xml = roxmltree::Document::parse(&std::str::from_utf8(&body)?)?;
+	let cmd_xml = roxmltree::Document::parse(std::str::from_utf8(&body)?)?;
 	let cmd = parse_delete_objects_xml(&cmd_xml).ok_or_bad_request("Invalid delete XML query")?;

 	let mut ret_deleted = Vec::new();
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ pub async fn handle_head(
 		_ => unreachable!(),
 	};

-	if let Some(cached) = try_answer_cached(&version, version_meta, req) {
+	if let Some(cached) = try_answer_cached(version, version_meta, req) {
 		return Ok(cached);
 	}

 	let body: Body = Body::empty();
-	let response = object_headers(&version, version_meta)
+	let response = object_headers(version, version_meta)
 		.header("Content-Length", format!("{}", version_meta.size))
 		.status(StatusCode::OK)
 		.body(body)
@@ -149,18 +149,19 @@ pub async fn handle_get(
 		ObjectVersionData::FirstBlock(meta, _) => meta,
 	};

-	if let Some(cached) = try_answer_cached(&last_v, last_v_meta, req) {
+	if let Some(cached) = try_answer_cached(last_v, last_v_meta, req) {
 		return Ok(cached);
 	}

 	let range = match req.headers().get("range") {
 		Some(range) => {
 			let range_str = range.to_str()?;
-			let mut ranges = http_range::HttpRange::parse(range_str, last_v_meta.size)?;
+			let mut ranges = http_range::HttpRange::parse(range_str, last_v_meta.size)
+				.map_err(|e| (e, last_v_meta.size))?;
 			if ranges.len() > 1 {
-				return Err(Error::BadRequest(
-					"Multiple ranges not supported".to_string(),
-				));
+				// garage does not support multi-range requests yet, so we respond with the entire
+				// object when multiple ranges are requested
+				None
 			} else {
 				ranges.pop()
 			}
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ pub async fn handle_get(
 		.await;
 	}

-	let resp_builder = object_headers(&last_v, last_v_meta)
+	let resp_builder = object_headers(last_v, last_v_meta)
 		.header("Content-Length", format!("{}", last_v_meta.size))
 		.status(StatusCode::OK);

@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ pub async fn handle_get(
 			Ok(resp_builder.body(body)?)
 		}
 		ObjectVersionData::FirstBlock(_, first_block_hash) => {
-			let read_first_block = garage.block_manager.rpc_get_block(&first_block_hash);
+			let read_first_block = garage.block_manager.rpc_get_block(first_block_hash);
 			let get_next_blocks = garage.version_table.get(&last_v.uuid, &EmptyKey);

 			let (first_block, version) = futures::try_join!(read_first_block, get_next_blocks)?;
@@ -235,10 +236,6 @@ async fn handle_get_range(
 	begin: u64,
 	end: u64,
 ) -> Result<Response<Body>, Error> {
-	if end > version_meta.size {
-		return Err(Error::BadRequest("Range not included in file".to_string()));
-	}
-
 	let resp_builder = object_headers(version, version_meta)
 		.header("Content-Length", format!("{}", end - begin))
 		.header(
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap};
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;

 use hyper::{Body, Response};
@@ -35,32 +35,6 @@ struct ListResultInfo {
 	etag: String,
 }

-pub fn parse_list_objects_query(
-	bucket: &str,
-	params: &HashMap<String, String>,
-) -> Result<ListObjectsQuery, Error> {
-	Ok(ListObjectsQuery {
-		is_v2: params.get("list-type").map(|x| x == "2").unwrap_or(false),
-		bucket: bucket.to_string(),
-		delimiter: params.get("delimiter").filter(|x| !x.is_empty()).cloned(),
-		max_keys: params
-			.get("max-keys")
-			.map(|x| {
-				x.parse::<usize>()
-					.ok_or_bad_request("Invalid value for max-keys")
-			})
-			.unwrap_or(Ok(1000))?,
-		prefix: params.get("prefix").cloned().unwrap_or_default(),
-		marker: params.get("marker").cloned(),
-		continuation_token: params.get("continuation-token").cloned(),
-		start_after: params.get("start-after").cloned(),
-		urlencode_resp: params
-			.get("encoding-type")
-			.map(|x| x == "url")
-			.unwrap_or(false),
-	})
-}
-
 pub async fn handle_list(
 	garage: Arc<Garage>,
 	query: &ListObjectsQuery,
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ async fn read_and_put_blocks(

 	let mut next_offset = first_block.len();
 	let mut put_curr_version_block = put_block_meta(
-		&garage,
-		&version,
+		garage,
+		version,
 		part_number,
 		0,
 		first_block_hash,
@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ async fn read_and_put_blocks(
 			let block_hash = blake2sum(&block[..]);
 			let block_len = block.len();
 			put_curr_version_block = put_block_meta(
-				&garage,
-				&version,
+				garage,
+				version,
 				part_number,
 				next_offset as u64,
 				block_hash,
@@ -354,15 +354,10 @@ pub async fn handle_put_part(
 	req: Request<Body>,
 	bucket: &str,
 	key: &str,
-	part_number_str: &str,
+	part_number: u64,
 	upload_id: &str,
 	content_sha256: Option<Hash>,
 ) -> Result<Response<Body>, Error> {
-	// Check parameters
-	let part_number = part_number_str
-		.parse::<u64>()
-		.ok_or_bad_request("Invalid part number")?;
-
 	let version_uuid = decode_upload_id(upload_id)?;

 	let content_md5 = match req.headers().get("content-md5") {
@@ -437,7 +432,7 @@ pub async fn handle_complete_multipart_upload(
 	let body = hyper::body::to_bytes(req.into_body()).await?;
 	verify_signed_content(content_sha256, &body[..])?;

-	let body_xml = roxmltree::Document::parse(&std::str::from_utf8(&body)?)?;
+	let body_xml = roxmltree::Document::parse(std::str::from_utf8(&body)?)?;
 	let body_list_of_parts = parse_complete_multpart_upload_body(&body_xml)
 		.ok_or_bad_request("Invalid CompleteMultipartUpload XML")?;
 	debug!(
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub async fn check_signature(
 	let canonical_request = canonical_request(
 		request.method(),
 		&request.uri().path().to_string(),
-		&canonical_query_string(&request.uri()),
+		&canonical_query_string(request.uri()),
 		&headers,
 		&authorization.signed_headers,
 		&authorization.content_sha256,
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ fn canonical_request(
 		method.as_str(),
 		url_path,
 		canonical_query_string,
-		&canonical_header_string(&headers, signed_headers),
+		&canonical_header_string(headers, signed_headers),
 		"",
 		signed_headers,
 		content_sha256,
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "garage"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 authors = ["Alex Auvolat <alex@adnab.me>"]
 edition = "2018"
 license = "AGPL-3.0"
 description = "Garage, an S3-compatible distributed object store for self-hosted deployments"
 repository = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage"
+readme = "../../README.md"

 [[bin]]
 name = "garage"
@@ -14,12 +15,12 @@ path = "main.rs"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
-garage_api = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../api" }
-garage_model = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../model" }
-garage_rpc = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../rpc" }
-garage_table = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../table" }
-garage_util = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../util" }
-garage_web = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../web" }
+garage_api = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../api" }
+garage_model = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../model" }
+garage_rpc = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../rpc" }
+garage_table = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../table" }
+garage_util = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../util" }
+garage_web = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../web" }

 bytes = "1.0"
 git-version = "0.3.4"
@@ -41,4 +42,5 @@ futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "rt-multi-thread", "io-util", "net", "time", "macros", "sync", "signal", "fs"] }

-netapp = { version = "0.3.0", git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp" }
+#netapp = { version = "0.3.0", git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp" }
+netapp = "0.3.0"
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ impl AdminRpcHandler {

 			let mut failures = vec![];
 			let ring = self.garage.system.ring.borrow().clone();
-			for node in ring.config.members.keys() {
+			for node in ring.layout.node_ids().iter() {
 				let node = (*node).into();
 				let resp = self
 					.endpoint
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ impl AdminRpcHandler {
 			let mut ret = String::new();
 			let ring = self.garage.system.ring.borrow().clone();

-			for node in ring.config.members.keys() {
+			for node in ring.layout.node_ids().iter() {
 				let mut opt = opt.clone();
 				opt.all_nodes = false;

@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ impl AdminRpcHandler {
 		if opt.detailed {
 			writeln!(
 				&mut ret,
-				"  number of blocks: {}",
+				"  number of RC entries (~= number of blocks): {}",
 				self.garage.block_manager.rc_len()
 			)
 			.unwrap();
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;

 use garage_util::error::*;

-use garage_rpc::ring::*;
+use garage_rpc::layout::*;
 use garage_rpc::system::*;
 use garage_rpc::*;

@@ -20,11 +20,8 @@ pub async fn cli_command_dispatch(
 		Command::Node(NodeOperation::Connect(connect_opt)) => {
 			cmd_connect(system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host, connect_opt).await
 		}
-		Command::Node(NodeOperation::Configure(configure_opt)) => {
-			cmd_configure(system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host, configure_opt).await
-		}
-		Command::Node(NodeOperation::Remove(remove_opt)) => {
-			cmd_remove(system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host, remove_opt).await
+		Command::Layout(layout_opt) => {
+			cli_layout_command_dispatch(layout_opt, system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host).await
 		}
 		Command::Bucket(bo) => {
 			cmd_admin(admin_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host, AdminRpc::BucketOperation(bo)).await
@@ -48,76 +45,91 @@ pub async fn cmd_status(rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>, rpc_host: NodeID) ->
 		SystemRpc::ReturnKnownNodes(nodes) => nodes,
 		resp => return Err(Error::Message(format!("Invalid RPC response: {:?}", resp))),
 	};
-	let config = match rpc_cli
-		.call(&rpc_host, &SystemRpc::PullConfig, PRIO_NORMAL)
-		.await??
-	{
-		SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(cfg) => cfg,
-		resp => return Err(Error::Message(format!("Invalid RPC response: {:?}", resp))),
-	};
+	let layout = fetch_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host).await?;

 	println!("==== HEALTHY NODES ====");
-	let mut healthy_nodes = vec!["ID\tHostname\tAddress\tTag\tZone\tCapacity".to_string()];
+	let mut healthy_nodes = vec!["ID\tHostname\tAddress\tTags\tZone\tCapacity".to_string()];
 	for adv in status.iter().filter(|adv| adv.is_up) {
-		if let Some(cfg) = config.members.get(&adv.id) {
-			healthy_nodes.push(format!(
-				"{id:?}\t{host}\t{addr}\t[{tag}]\t{zone}\t{capacity}",
-				id = adv.id,
-				host = adv.status.hostname,
-				addr = adv.addr,
-				tag = cfg.tag,
-				zone = cfg.zone,
-				capacity = cfg.capacity_string(),
-			));
-		} else {
-			healthy_nodes.push(format!(
-				"{id:?}\t{h}\t{addr}\tNO ROLE ASSIGNED",
-				id = adv.id,
-				h = adv.status.hostname,
-				addr = adv.addr,
-			));
+		match layout.roles.get(&adv.id) {
+			Some(NodeRoleV(Some(cfg))) => {
+				healthy_nodes.push(format!(
+					"{id:?}\t{host}\t{addr}\t[{tags}]\t{zone}\t{capacity}",
+					id = adv.id,
+					host = adv.status.hostname,
+					addr = adv.addr,
+					tags = cfg.tags.join(","),
+					zone = cfg.zone,
+					capacity = cfg.capacity_string(),
+				));
+			}
+			_ => {
+				let new_role = match layout.staging.get(&adv.id) {
+					Some(NodeRoleV(Some(_))) => "(pending)",
+					_ => "NO ROLE ASSIGNED",
+				};
+				healthy_nodes.push(format!(
+					"{id:?}\t{h}\t{addr}\t{new_role}",
+					id = adv.id,
+					h = adv.status.hostname,
+					addr = adv.addr,
+					new_role = new_role,
+				));
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	format_table(healthy_nodes);

 	let status_keys = status.iter().map(|adv| adv.id).collect::<HashSet<_>>();
 	let failure_case_1 = status.iter().any(|adv| !adv.is_up);
-	let failure_case_2 = config
-		.members
+	let failure_case_2 = layout
+		.roles
+		.items()
 		.iter()
-		.any(|(id, _)| !status_keys.contains(id));
+		.filter(|(_, _, v)| v.0.is_some())
+		.any(|(id, _, _)| !status_keys.contains(id));
 	if failure_case_1 || failure_case_2 {
 		println!("\n==== FAILED NODES ====");
 		let mut failed_nodes =
-			vec!["ID\tHostname\tAddress\tTag\tZone\tCapacity\tLast seen".to_string()];
+			vec!["ID\tHostname\tAddress\tTags\tZone\tCapacity\tLast seen".to_string()];
 		for adv in status.iter().filter(|adv| !adv.is_up) {
-			if let Some(cfg) = config.members.get(&adv.id) {
+			if let Some(NodeRoleV(Some(cfg))) = layout.roles.get(&adv.id) {
 				failed_nodes.push(format!(
-					"{id:?}\t{host}\t{addr}\t[{tag}]\t{zone}\t{capacity}\t{last_seen}s ago",
+					"{id:?}\t{host}\t{addr}\t[{tags}]\t{zone}\t{capacity}\t{last_seen}",
 					id = adv.id,
 					host = adv.status.hostname,
 					addr = adv.addr,
-					tag = cfg.tag,
+					tags = cfg.tags.join(","),
 					zone = cfg.zone,
 					capacity = cfg.capacity_string(),
-					last_seen = "FIXME", // FIXME was (now_msec() - adv.last_seen) / 1000,
+					last_seen = adv
+						.last_seen_secs_ago
+						.map(|s| format!("{}s ago", s))
+						.unwrap_or_else(|| "never seen".into()),
 				));
 			}
 		}
-		for (id, cfg) in config.members.iter() {
-			if !status_keys.contains(id) {
-				failed_nodes.push(format!(
-					"{id:?}\t??\t??\t[{tag}]\t{zone}\t{capacity}\tnever seen",
-					id = id,
-					tag = cfg.tag,
-					zone = cfg.zone,
-					capacity = cfg.capacity_string(),
-				));
+		for (id, _, role_v) in layout.roles.items().iter() {
+			if let NodeRoleV(Some(cfg)) = role_v {
+				if !status_keys.contains(id) {
+					failed_nodes.push(format!(
+						"{id:?}\t??\t??\t[{tags}]\t{zone}\t{capacity}\tnever seen",
+						id = id,
+						tags = cfg.tags.join(","),
+						zone = cfg.zone,
+						capacity = cfg.capacity_string(),
+					));
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		format_table(failed_nodes);
 	}

+	if print_staging_role_changes(&layout) {
+		println!();
+		println!("Please use `garage layout show` to check the proposed new layout and apply it.");
+		println!();
+	}
+
 	Ok(())
 }

@@ -138,115 +150,6 @@ pub async fn cmd_connect(
 	}
 }

-pub async fn cmd_configure(
-	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
-	rpc_host: NodeID,
-	args: ConfigureNodeOpt,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
-	let status = match rpc_cli
-		.call(&rpc_host, &SystemRpc::GetKnownNodes, PRIO_NORMAL)
-		.await??
-	{
-		SystemRpc::ReturnKnownNodes(nodes) => nodes,
-		resp => return Err(Error::Message(format!("Invalid RPC response: {:?}", resp))),
-	};
-
-	let added_node = find_matching_node(status.iter().map(|adv| adv.id), &args.node_id)?;
-
-	let mut config = match rpc_cli
-		.call(&rpc_host, &SystemRpc::PullConfig, PRIO_NORMAL)
-		.await??
-	{
-		SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(cfg) => cfg,
-		resp => return Err(Error::Message(format!("Invalid RPC response: {:?}", resp))),
-	};
-
-	for replaced in args.replace.iter() {
-		let replaced_node = find_matching_node(config.members.keys().cloned(), replaced)?;
-		if config.members.remove(&replaced_node).is_none() {
-			return Err(Error::Message(format!(
-				"Cannot replace node {:?} as it is not in current configuration",
-				replaced_node
-			)));
-		}
-	}
-
-	if args.capacity.is_some() && args.gateway {
-		return Err(Error::Message(
-				"-c and -g are mutually exclusive, please configure node either with c>0 to act as a storage node or with -g to act as a gateway node".into()));
-	}
-	if args.capacity == Some(0) {
-		return Err(Error::Message("Invalid capacity value: 0".into()));
-	}
-
-	let new_entry = match config.members.get(&added_node) {
-		None => {
-			let capacity = match args.capacity {
-				Some(c) => Some(c),
-				None if args.gateway => None,
-				_ => return Err(Error::Message(
-						"Please specify a capacity with the -c flag, or set node explicitly as gateway with -g".into())),
-			};
-			NetworkConfigEntry {
-				zone: args.zone.ok_or("Please specifiy a zone with the -z flag")?,
-				capacity,
-				tag: args.tag.unwrap_or_default(),
-			}
-		}
-		Some(old) => {
-			let capacity = match args.capacity {
-				Some(c) => Some(c),
-				None if args.gateway => None,
-				_ => old.capacity,
-			};
-			NetworkConfigEntry {
-				zone: args.zone.unwrap_or_else(|| old.zone.to_string()),
-				capacity,
-				tag: args.tag.unwrap_or_else(|| old.tag.to_string()),
-			}
-		}
-	};
-
-	config.members.insert(added_node, new_entry);
-	config.version += 1;
-
-	rpc_cli
-		.call(&rpc_host, &SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(config), PRIO_NORMAL)
-		.await??;
-	Ok(())
-}
-
-pub async fn cmd_remove(
-	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
-	rpc_host: NodeID,
-	args: RemoveNodeOpt,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
-	let mut config = match rpc_cli
-		.call(&rpc_host, &SystemRpc::PullConfig, PRIO_NORMAL)
-		.await??
-	{
-		SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(cfg) => cfg,
-		resp => return Err(Error::Message(format!("Invalid RPC response: {:?}", resp))),
-	};
-
-	let deleted_node = find_matching_node(config.members.keys().cloned(), &args.node_id)?;
-
-	if !args.yes {
-		return Err(Error::Message(format!(
-			"Add the flag --yes to really remove {:?} from the cluster",
-			deleted_node
-		)));
-	}
-
-	config.members.remove(&deleted_node);
-	config.version += 1;
-
-	rpc_cli
-		.call(&rpc_host, &SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(config), PRIO_NORMAL)
-		.await??;
-	Ok(())
-}
-
 pub async fn cmd_admin(
 	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<AdminRpc, ()>,
 	rpc_host: NodeID,
@@ -280,5 +183,3 @@ pub async fn cmd_admin(
 	}
 	Ok(())
 }
-
-// --- Utility functions ----
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use std::path::PathBuf;

+use log::warn;
+
 use garage_util::error::*;

 pub const READ_KEY_ERROR: &str = "Unable to read node key. It will be generated by your garage node the first time is it launched. Ensure that your garage node is currently running. (The node key is supposed to be stored in your metadata directory.)";
@@ -22,11 +24,11 @@ pub fn node_id_command(config_file: PathBuf, quiet: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
 		println!("{}", idstr);

 		if !quiet {
-			eprintln!("WARNING: I don't know the public address to reach this node.");
-			eprintln!("In all of the instructions below, replace 127.0.0.1:3901 by the appropriate address and port.");
+			warn!("WARNING: I don't know the public address to reach this node.");
+			warn!("In all of the instructions below, replace 127.0.0.1:{} by the appropriate address and port.", config.rpc_bind_addr.port());
 		}

-		format!("{}@127.0.0.1:3901", idstr)
+		format!("{}@127.0.0.1:{}", idstr, config.rpc_bind_addr.port())
 	};

 	if !quiet {
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+use garage_util::crdt::Crdt;
+use garage_util::data::*;
+use garage_util::error::*;
+
+use garage_rpc::layout::*;
+use garage_rpc::system::*;
+use garage_rpc::*;
+
+use crate::cli::*;
+
+pub async fn cli_layout_command_dispatch(
+	cmd: LayoutOperation,
+	system_rpc_endpoint: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
+	rpc_host: NodeID,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	match cmd {
+		LayoutOperation::Assign(configure_opt) => {
+			cmd_assign_role(system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host, configure_opt).await
+		}
+		LayoutOperation::Remove(remove_opt) => {
+			cmd_remove_role(system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host, remove_opt).await
+		}
+		LayoutOperation::Show => cmd_show_layout(system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host).await,
+		LayoutOperation::Apply(apply_opt) => {
+			cmd_apply_layout(system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host, apply_opt).await
+		}
+		LayoutOperation::Revert(revert_opt) => {
+			cmd_revert_layout(system_rpc_endpoint, rpc_host, revert_opt).await
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pub async fn cmd_assign_role(
+	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
+	rpc_host: NodeID,
+	args: AssignRoleOpt,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let status = match rpc_cli
+		.call(&rpc_host, &SystemRpc::GetKnownNodes, PRIO_NORMAL)
+		.await??
+	{
+		SystemRpc::ReturnKnownNodes(nodes) => nodes,
+		resp => return Err(Error::Message(format!("Invalid RPC response: {:?}", resp))),
+	};
+
+	let added_node = find_matching_node(status.iter().map(|adv| adv.id), &args.node_id)?;
+
+	let mut layout = fetch_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host).await?;
+
+	let mut roles = layout.roles.clone();
+	roles.merge(&layout.staging);
+
+	for replaced in args.replace.iter() {
+		let replaced_node = find_matching_node(layout.node_ids().iter().cloned(), replaced)?;
+		match roles.get(&replaced_node) {
+			Some(NodeRoleV(Some(_))) => {
+				layout
+					.staging
+					.merge(&roles.update_mutator(replaced_node, NodeRoleV(None)));
+			}
+			_ => {
+				return Err(Error::Message(format!(
+					"Cannot replace node {:?} as it is not currently in planned layout",
+					replaced_node
+				)));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if args.capacity.is_some() && args.gateway {
+		return Err(Error::Message(
+				"-c and -g are mutually exclusive, please configure node either with c>0 to act as a storage node or with -g to act as a gateway node".into()));
+	}
+	if args.capacity == Some(0) {
+		return Err(Error::Message("Invalid capacity value: 0".into()));
+	}
+
+	let new_entry = match roles.get(&added_node) {
+		Some(NodeRoleV(Some(old))) => {
+			let capacity = match args.capacity {
+				Some(c) => Some(c),
+				None if args.gateway => None,
+				None => old.capacity,
+			};
+			let tags = if args.tags.is_empty() {
+				old.tags.clone()
+			} else {
+				args.tags
+			};
+			NodeRole {
+				zone: args.zone.unwrap_or_else(|| old.zone.to_string()),
+				capacity,
+				tags,
+			}
+		}
+		_ => {
+			let capacity = match args.capacity {
+				Some(c) => Some(c),
+				None if args.gateway => None,
+				None => return Err(Error::Message(
+						"Please specify a capacity with the -c flag, or set node explicitly as gateway with -g".into())),
+			};
+			NodeRole {
+				zone: args.zone.ok_or("Please specifiy a zone with the -z flag")?,
+				capacity,
+				tags: args.tags,
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	layout
+		.staging
+		.merge(&roles.update_mutator(added_node, NodeRoleV(Some(new_entry))));
+
+	send_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host, layout).await?;
+
+	println!("Role change is staged but not yet commited.");
+	println!("Use `garage layout show` to view staged role changes,");
+	println!("and `garage layout apply` to enact staged changes.");
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+pub async fn cmd_remove_role(
+	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
+	rpc_host: NodeID,
+	args: RemoveRoleOpt,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let mut layout = fetch_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host).await?;
+
+	let mut roles = layout.roles.clone();
+	roles.merge(&layout.staging);
+
+	let deleted_node =
+		find_matching_node(roles.items().iter().map(|(id, _, _)| *id), &args.node_id)?;
+
+	layout
+		.staging
+		.merge(&roles.update_mutator(deleted_node, NodeRoleV(None)));
+
+	send_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host, layout).await?;
+
+	println!("Role removal is staged but not yet commited.");
+	println!("Use `garage layout show` to view staged role changes,");
+	println!("and `garage layout apply` to enact staged changes.");
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+pub async fn cmd_show_layout(
+	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
+	rpc_host: NodeID,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let mut layout = fetch_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host).await?;
+
+	println!("==== CURRENT CLUSTER LAYOUT ====");
+	if !print_cluster_layout(&layout) {
+		println!("No nodes currently have a role in the cluster.");
+		println!("See `garage status` to view available nodes.");
+	}
+	println!();
+	println!("Current cluster layout version: {}", layout.version);
+
+	if print_staging_role_changes(&layout) {
+		layout.roles.merge(&layout.staging);
+
+		println!();
+		println!("==== NEW CLUSTER LAYOUT AFTER APPLYING CHANGES ====");
+		if !print_cluster_layout(&layout) {
+			println!("No nodes have a role in the new layout.");
+		}
+		println!();
+
+		// this will print the stats of what partitions
+		// will move around when we apply
+		if layout.calculate_partition_assignation() {
+			println!("To enact the staged role changes, type:");
+			println!();
+			println!("    garage layout apply --version {}", layout.version + 1);
+			println!();
+			println!(
+				"You can also revert all proposed changes with: garage layout revert --version {}",
+				layout.version + 1
+			);
+		} else {
+			println!("Not enough nodes have an assigned role to maintain enough copies of data.");
+			println!("This new layout cannot yet be applied.");
+		}
+	}
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+pub async fn cmd_apply_layout(
+	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
+	rpc_host: NodeID,
+	apply_opt: ApplyLayoutOpt,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let mut layout = fetch_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host).await?;
+
+	match apply_opt.version {
+		None => {
+			println!("Please pass the --version flag to ensure that you are writing the correct version of the cluster layout.");
+			println!("To know the correct value of the --version flag, invoke `garage layout show` and review the proposed changes.");
+			return Err(Error::Message("--version flag is missing".into()));
+		}
+		Some(v) => {
+			if v != layout.version + 1 {
+				return Err(Error::Message("Invalid value of --version flag".into()));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	layout.roles.merge(&layout.staging);
+
+	if !layout.calculate_partition_assignation() {
+		return Err(Error::Message("Could not calculate new assignation of partitions to nodes. This can happen if there are less nodes than the desired number of copies of your data (see the replication_mode configuration parameter).".into()));
+	}
+
+	layout.staging.clear();
+	layout.staging_hash = blake2sum(&rmp_to_vec_all_named(&layout.staging).unwrap()[..]);
+
+	layout.version += 1;
+
+	send_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host, layout).await?;
+
+	println!("New cluster layout with updated role assignation has been applied in cluster.");
+	println!("Data will now be moved around between nodes accordingly.");
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+pub async fn cmd_revert_layout(
+	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
+	rpc_host: NodeID,
+	revert_opt: RevertLayoutOpt,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	let mut layout = fetch_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host).await?;
+
+	match revert_opt.version {
+		None => {
+			println!("Please pass the --version flag to ensure that you are writing the correct version of the cluster layout.");
+			println!("To know the correct value of the --version flag, invoke `garage layout show` and review the proposed changes.");
+			return Err(Error::Message("--version flag is missing".into()));
+		}
+		Some(v) => {
+			if v != layout.version + 1 {
+				return Err(Error::Message("Invalid value of --version flag".into()));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	layout.staging.clear();
+	layout.staging_hash = blake2sum(&rmp_to_vec_all_named(&layout.staging).unwrap()[..]);
+
+	layout.version += 1;
+
+	send_layout(rpc_cli, rpc_host, layout).await?;
+
+	println!("All proposed role changes in cluster layout have been canceled.");
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+// --- utility ---
+
+pub async fn fetch_layout(
+	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
+	rpc_host: NodeID,
+) -> Result<ClusterLayout, Error> {
+	match rpc_cli
+		.call(&rpc_host, &SystemRpc::PullClusterLayout, PRIO_NORMAL)
+		.await??
+	{
+		SystemRpc::AdvertiseClusterLayout(t) => Ok(t),
+		resp => Err(Error::Message(format!("Invalid RPC response: {:?}", resp))),
+	}
+}
+
+pub async fn send_layout(
+	rpc_cli: &Endpoint<SystemRpc, ()>,
+	rpc_host: NodeID,
+	layout: ClusterLayout,
+) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	rpc_cli
+		.call(
+			&rpc_host,
+			&SystemRpc::AdvertiseClusterLayout(layout),
+			PRIO_NORMAL,
+		)
+		.await??;
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn print_cluster_layout(layout: &ClusterLayout) -> bool {
+	let mut table = vec!["ID\tTags\tZone\tCapacity".to_string()];
+	for (id, _, role) in layout.roles.items().iter() {
+		let role = match &role.0 {
+			Some(r) => r,
+			_ => continue,
+		};
+		let tags = role.tags.join(",");
+		table.push(format!(
+			"{:?}\t{}\t{}\t{}",
+			id,
+			tags,
+			role.zone,
+			role.capacity_string()
+		));
+	}
+	if table.len() == 1 {
+		false
+	} else {
+		format_table(table);
+		true
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn print_staging_role_changes(layout: &ClusterLayout) -> bool {
+	if !layout.staging.items().is_empty() {
+		println!();
+		println!("==== STAGED ROLE CHANGES ====");
+		let mut table = vec!["ID\tTags\tZone\tCapacity".to_string()];
+		for (id, _, role) in layout.staging.items().iter() {
+			if let Some(role) = &role.0 {
+				let tags = role.tags.join(",");
+				table.push(format!(
+					"{:?}\t{}\t{}\t{}",
+					id,
+					tags,
+					role.zone,
+					role.capacity_string()
+				));
+			} else {
+				table.push(format!("{:?}\tREMOVED", id));
+			}
+		}
+		format_table(table);
+		true
+	} else {
+		false
+	}
+}
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 pub(crate) mod cmd;
 pub(crate) mod init;
+pub(crate) mod layout;
 pub(crate) mod structs;
 pub(crate) mod util;

 pub(crate) use cmd::*;
 pub(crate) use init::*;
+pub(crate) use layout::*;
 pub(crate) use structs::*;
 pub(crate) use util::*;
@@ -8,24 +8,23 @@ pub enum Command {
 	#[structopt(name = "server")]
 	Server,

-	/// Print identifier (public key) of this garage node.
-	/// Generates a new keypair if necessary.
-	#[structopt(name = "node-id")]
-	NodeId(NodeIdOpt),
-
 	/// Get network status
 	#[structopt(name = "status")]
 	Status,

-	/// Garage node operations
+	/// Operations on individual Garage nodes
 	#[structopt(name = "node")]
 	Node(NodeOperation),

-	/// Bucket operations
+	/// Operations on the assignation of node roles in the cluster layout
+	#[structopt(name = "layout")]
+	Layout(LayoutOperation),
+
+	/// Operations on buckets
 	#[structopt(name = "bucket")]
 	Bucket(BucketOperation),

-	/// Key operations
+	/// Operations on S3 access keys
 	#[structopt(name = "key")]
 	Key(KeyOperation),

@@ -40,17 +39,13 @@ pub enum Command {

 #[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
 pub enum NodeOperation {
+	/// Print identifier (public key) of this Garage node
+	#[structopt(name = "id")]
+	NodeId(NodeIdOpt),
+
 	/// Connect to Garage node that is currently isolated from the system
 	#[structopt(name = "connect")]
 	Connect(ConnectNodeOpt),
-
-	/// Configure Garage node
-	#[structopt(name = "configure")]
-	Configure(ConfigureNodeOpt),
-
-	/// Remove Garage node from cluster
-	#[structopt(name = "remove")]
-	Remove(RemoveNodeOpt),
 }

 #[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
@@ -68,8 +63,31 @@ pub struct ConnectNodeOpt {
 }

 #[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
-pub struct ConfigureNodeOpt {
-	/// Node to configure (prefix of hexadecimal node id)
+pub enum LayoutOperation {
+	/// Assign role to Garage node
+	#[structopt(name = "assign")]
+	Assign(AssignRoleOpt),
+
+	/// Remove role from Garage cluster node
+	#[structopt(name = "remove")]
+	Remove(RemoveRoleOpt),
+
+	/// Show roles currently assigned to nodes and changes staged for commit
+	#[structopt(name = "show")]
+	Show,
+
+	/// Apply staged changes to cluster layout
+	#[structopt(name = "apply")]
+	Apply(ApplyLayoutOpt),
+
+	/// Revert staged changes to cluster layout
+	#[structopt(name = "revert")]
+	Revert(RevertLayoutOpt),
+}
+
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
+pub struct AssignRoleOpt {
+	/// Node to which to assign role (prefix of hexadecimal node id)
 	pub(crate) node_id: String,

 	/// Location (zone or datacenter) of the node
@@ -84,9 +102,9 @@ pub struct ConfigureNodeOpt {
 	#[structopt(short = "g", long = "gateway")]
 	pub(crate) gateway: bool,

-	/// Optional node tag
+	/// Optional tags to add to node
 	#[structopt(short = "t", long = "tag")]
-	pub(crate) tag: Option<String>,
+	pub(crate) tags: Vec<String>,

 	/// Replaced node(s): list of node IDs that will be removed from the current cluster
 	#[structopt(long = "replace")]
@@ -94,13 +112,24 @@ pub struct ConfigureNodeOpt {
 }

 #[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
-pub struct RemoveNodeOpt {
-	/// Node to configure (prefix of hexadecimal node id)
+pub struct RemoveRoleOpt {
+	/// Node whose role to remove (prefix of hexadecimal node id)
 	pub(crate) node_id: String,
+}

-	/// If this flag is not given, the node won't be removed
-	#[structopt(long = "yes")]
-	pub(crate) yes: bool,
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
+pub struct ApplyLayoutOpt {
+	/// Version number of new configuration: this command will fail if
+	/// it is not exactly 1 + the previous configuration's version
+	#[structopt(long = "version")]
+	pub(crate) version: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+#[derive(StructOpt, Debug)]
+pub struct RevertLayoutOpt {
+	/// Version number of old configuration to which to revert
+	#[structopt(long = "version")]
+	pub(crate) version: Option<u64>,
 }

 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, StructOpt, Debug)]
@@ -265,7 +294,7 @@ pub struct RepairOpt {
 	pub yes: bool,

 	#[structopt(subcommand)]
-	pub what: Option<RepairWhat>,
+	pub what: RepairWhat,
 }

 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, StructOpt, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
@@ -282,6 +311,13 @@ pub enum RepairWhat {
 	/// Only redo the propagation of version deletions to the block ref table (extremely slow)
 	#[structopt(name = "block_refs")]
 	BlockRefs,
+	/// Verify integrity of all blocks on disc (extremely slow, i/o intensive)
+	#[structopt(name = "scrub")]
+	Scrub {
+		/// Tranquility factor (see tranquilizer documentation)
+		#[structopt(name = "tranquility", default_value = "2")]
+		tranquility: u32,
+	},
 }

 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, StructOpt, Debug, Clone)]
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub fn format_table(data: Vec<String>) {
 			out.push_str(col);
 			(0..col_len - col.chars().count() + 2).for_each(|_| out.push(' '));
 		}
-		out.push_str(&row[row.len() - 1]);
+		out.push_str(row[row.len() - 1]);
 		out.push('\n');
 	}

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ mod cli;
 mod repair;
 mod server;

+use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::path::PathBuf;

 use structopt::StructOpt;
@@ -29,15 +30,20 @@ use cli::*;
 struct Opt {
 	/// Host to connect to for admin operations, in the format:
 	/// <public-key>@<ip>:<port>
-	#[structopt(short = "h", long = "rpc-host")]
+	#[structopt(short = "h", long = "rpc-host", env = "GARAGE_RPC_HOST")]
 	pub rpc_host: Option<String>,

 	/// RPC secret network key for admin operations
-	#[structopt(short = "s", long = "rpc-secret")]
+	#[structopt(short = "s", long = "rpc-secret", env = "GARAGE_RPC_SECRET")]
 	pub rpc_secret: Option<String>,

 	/// Configuration file (garage.toml)
-	#[structopt(short = "c", long = "config", default_value = "/etc/garage.toml")]
+	#[structopt(
+		short = "c",
+		long = "config",
+		env = "GARAGE_CONFIG_FILE",
+		default_value = "/etc/garage.toml"
+	)]
 	pub config_file: PathBuf,

 	#[structopt(subcommand)]
@@ -46,6 +52,9 @@ struct Opt {

 #[tokio::main]
 async fn main() {
+	if std::env::var("RUST_LOG").is_err() {
+		std::env::set_var("RUST_LOG", "garage=info")
+	}
 	pretty_env_logger::init();
 	sodiumoxide::init().expect("Unable to init sodiumoxide");

@@ -61,7 +70,9 @@ async fn main() {

 			server::run_server(opt.config_file).await
 		}
-		Command::NodeId(node_id_opt) => node_id_command(opt.config_file, node_id_opt.quiet),
+		Command::Node(NodeOperation::NodeId(node_id_opt)) => {
+			node_id_command(opt.config_file, node_id_opt.quiet)
+		}
 		_ => cli_command(opt).await,
 	};

@@ -99,12 +110,23 @@ async fn cli_command(opt: Opt) -> Result<(), Error> {
 	let (id, addr) = if let Some(h) = opt.rpc_host {
 		let (id, addrs) = parse_and_resolve_peer_addr(&h).ok_or_else(|| format!("Invalid RPC remote node identifier: {}. Expected format is <pubkey>@<IP or hostname>:<port>.", h))?;
 		(id, addrs[0])
-	} else if let Some(a) = config.as_ref().map(|c| c.rpc_public_addr).flatten() {
-		let node_id = garage_rpc::system::read_node_id(&config.unwrap().metadata_dir)
-			.err_context(READ_KEY_ERROR)?;
-		(node_id, a)
 	} else {
-		return Err(Error::Message("No RPC host provided".into()));
+		let node_id = garage_rpc::system::read_node_id(&config.as_ref().unwrap().metadata_dir)
+			.err_context(READ_KEY_ERROR)?;
+		if let Some(a) = config.as_ref().map(|c| c.rpc_public_addr).flatten() {
+			(node_id, a)
+		} else {
+			let default_addr = SocketAddr::new(
+				"127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap(),
+				config.as_ref().unwrap().rpc_bind_addr.port(),
+			);
+			warn!(
+				"Trying to contact Garage node at default address {}",
+				default_addr
+			);
+			warn!("If this doesn't work, consider adding rpc_public_addr in your config file or specifying the -h command line parameter.");
+			(node_id, default_addr)
+		}
 	};

 	// Connect to target host
@@ -27,42 +27,38 @@ impl Repair {
 		opt: RepairOpt,
 		must_exit: watch::Receiver<bool>,
 	) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let todo = |x| opt.what.as_ref().map(|y| *y == x).unwrap_or(true);
-
-		if todo(RepairWhat::Tables) {
-			info!("Launching a full sync of tables");
-			self.garage.bucket_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
-			self.garage.object_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
-			self.garage.version_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
-			self.garage.block_ref_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
-			self.garage.key_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
+		match opt.what {
+			RepairWhat::Tables => {
+				info!("Launching a full sync of tables");
+				self.garage.bucket_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
+				self.garage.object_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
+				self.garage.version_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
+				self.garage.block_ref_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
+				self.garage.key_table.syncer.add_full_sync();
+			}
+			RepairWhat::Versions => {
+				info!("Repairing the versions table");
+				self.repair_versions(&must_exit).await?;
+			}
+			RepairWhat::BlockRefs => {
+				info!("Repairing the block refs table");
+				self.repair_block_ref(&must_exit).await?;
+			}
+			RepairWhat::Blocks => {
+				info!("Repairing the stored blocks");
+				self.garage
+					.block_manager
+					.repair_data_store(&must_exit)
+					.await?;
+			}
+			RepairWhat::Scrub { tranquility } => {
+				info!("Verifying integrity of stored blocks");
+				self.garage
+					.block_manager
+					.scrub_data_store(&must_exit, tranquility)
+					.await?;
+			}
 		}
-
-		// TODO: wait for full sync to finish before proceeding to the rest?
-
-		if todo(RepairWhat::Versions) {
-			info!("Repairing the versions table");
-			self.repair_versions(&must_exit).await?;
-		}
-
-		if todo(RepairWhat::BlockRefs) {
-			info!("Repairing the block refs table");
-			self.repair_block_ref(&must_exit).await?;
-		}
-
-		if opt.what.is_none() {
-			info!("Repairing the RC");
-			self.repair_rc(&must_exit).await?;
-		}
-
-		if todo(RepairWhat::Blocks) {
-			info!("Repairing the stored blocks");
-			self.garage
-				.block_manager
-				.repair_data_store(&must_exit)
-				.await?;
-		}
-
 		Ok(())
 	}

@@ -150,10 +146,4 @@ impl Repair {
 		}
 		Ok(())
 	}
-
-	async fn repair_rc(&self, _must_exit: &watch::Receiver<bool>) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		// TODO
-		warn!("repair_rc: not implemented");
-		Ok(())
-	}
 }
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "garage_model"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 authors = ["Alex Auvolat <alex@adnab.me>"]
 edition = "2018"
 license = "AGPL-3.0"
 description = "Core data model for the Garage object store"
 repository = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage"
+readme = "../../README.md"

 [lib]
 path = "lib.rs"
@@ -13,9 +14,9 @@ path = "lib.rs"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
-garage_rpc = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../rpc" }
-garage_table = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../table" }
-garage_util = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../util" }
+garage_rpc = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../rpc" }
+garage_table = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../table" }
+garage_util = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../util" }

 async-trait = "0.1.7"
 arc-swap = "1.0"
@@ -33,4 +34,5 @@ futures = "0.3"
 futures-util = "0.3"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "rt-multi-thread", "io-util", "net", "time", "macros", "sync", "signal", "fs"] }

-netapp = { version = "0.3.0", git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp" }
+#netapp = { version = "0.3.0", git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp" }
+netapp = "0.3.0"
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "garage_rpc"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 authors = ["Alex Auvolat <alex@adnab.me>"]
 edition = "2018"
 license = "AGPL-3.0"
 description = "Cluster membership management and RPC protocol for the Garage object store"
 repository = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage"
+readme = "../../README.md"

 [lib]
 path = "lib.rs"
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ path = "lib.rs"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
-garage_util = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../util" }
+garage_util = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../util" }

 arc-swap = "1.0"
 bytes = "1.0"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ sodiumoxide = { version = "0.2.5-0", package = "kuska-sodiumoxide" }
 async-trait = "0.1.7"
 rmp-serde = "0.15"
 serde = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["derive", "rc"] }
+serde_bytes = "0.11"
 serde_json = "1.0"

 futures = "0.3"
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ futures-util = "0.3"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "rt-multi-thread", "io-util", "net", "time", "macros", "sync", "signal", "fs"] }
 tokio-stream = { version = "0.1", features = ["net"] }

-netapp = { version = "0.3.0", git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp" }
+#netapp = { version = "0.3.0", git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp" }
+netapp = "0.3.0"
 hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["client", "http1", "runtime", "tcp"] }

@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+use garage_util::crdt::{AutoCrdt, Crdt, LwwMap};
+use garage_util::data::*;
+
+use crate::ring::*;
+
+/// The layout of the cluster, i.e. the list of roles
+/// which are assigned to each cluster node
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ClusterLayout {
+	pub version: u64,
+
+	pub replication_factor: usize,
+	pub roles: LwwMap<Uuid, NodeRoleV>,
+
+	/// node_id_vec: a vector of node IDs with a role assigned
+	/// in the system (this includes gateway nodes).
+	/// The order here is different than the vec stored by `roles`, because:
+	/// 1. non-gateway nodes are first so that they have lower numbers
+	/// 2. nodes that don't have a role are excluded (but they need to
+	///    stay in the CRDT as tombstones)
+	pub node_id_vec: Vec<Uuid>,
+	/// the assignation of data partitions to node, the values
+	/// are indices in node_id_vec
+	#[serde(with = "serde_bytes")]
+	pub ring_assignation_data: Vec<CompactNodeType>,
+
+	/// Role changes which are staged for the next version of the layout
+	pub staging: LwwMap<Uuid, NodeRoleV>,
+	pub staging_hash: Hash,
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct NodeRoleV(pub Option<NodeRole>);
+
+impl AutoCrdt for NodeRoleV {
+	const WARN_IF_DIFFERENT: bool = true;
+}
+
+/// The user-assigned roles of cluster nodes
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct NodeRole {
+	/// Datacenter at which this entry belong. This information might be used to perform a better
+	/// geodistribution
+	pub zone: String,
+	/// The (relative) capacity of the node
+	/// If this is set to None, the node does not participate in storing data for the system
+	/// and is only active as an API gateway to other nodes
+	pub capacity: Option<u32>,
+	/// A set of tags to recognize the node
+	pub tags: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl NodeRole {
+	pub fn capacity_string(&self) -> String {
+		match self.capacity {
+			Some(c) => format!("{}", c),
+			None => "gateway".to_string(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl ClusterLayout {
+	pub fn new(replication_factor: usize) -> Self {
+		let empty_lwwmap = LwwMap::new();
+		let empty_lwwmap_hash = blake2sum(&rmp_to_vec_all_named(&empty_lwwmap).unwrap()[..]);
+
+		ClusterLayout {
+			version: 0,
+			replication_factor,
+			roles: LwwMap::new(),
+			node_id_vec: Vec::new(),
+			ring_assignation_data: Vec::new(),
+			staging: empty_lwwmap,
+			staging_hash: empty_lwwmap_hash,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn merge(&mut self, other: &ClusterLayout) -> bool {
+		match other.version.cmp(&self.version) {
+			Ordering::Greater => {
+				*self = other.clone();
+				true
+			}
+			Ordering::Equal => {
+				self.staging.merge(&other.staging);
+
+				let new_staging_hash = blake2sum(&rmp_to_vec_all_named(&self.staging).unwrap()[..]);
+				let changed = new_staging_hash != self.staging_hash;
+
+				self.staging_hash = new_staging_hash;
+
+				changed
+			}
+			Ordering::Less => false,
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Returns a list of IDs of nodes that currently have
+	/// a role in the cluster
+	pub fn node_ids(&self) -> &[Uuid] {
+		&self.node_id_vec[..]
+	}
+
+	pub fn num_nodes(&self) -> usize {
+		self.node_id_vec.len()
+	}
+
+	/// Returns the role of a node in the layout
+	pub fn node_role(&self, node: &Uuid) -> Option<&NodeRole> {
+		match self.roles.get(node) {
+			Some(NodeRoleV(Some(v))) => Some(v),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Check a cluster layout for internal consistency
+	/// returns true if consistent, false if error
+	pub fn check(&self) -> bool {
+		// Check that the hash of the staging data is correct
+		let staging_hash = blake2sum(&rmp_to_vec_all_named(&self.staging).unwrap()[..]);
+		if staging_hash != self.staging_hash {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Check that node_id_vec contains the correct list of nodes
+		let mut expected_nodes = self
+			.roles
+			.items()
+			.iter()
+			.filter(|(_, _, v)| v.0.is_some())
+			.map(|(id, _, _)| *id)
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+		expected_nodes.sort();
+		let mut node_id_vec = self.node_id_vec.clone();
+		node_id_vec.sort();
+		if expected_nodes != node_id_vec {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Check that the assignation data has the correct length
+		if self.ring_assignation_data.len() != (1 << PARTITION_BITS) * self.replication_factor {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Check that the assigned nodes are correct identifiers
+		// of nodes that are assigned a role
+		// and that role is not the role of a gateway nodes
+		for x in self.ring_assignation_data.iter() {
+			if *x as usize >= self.node_id_vec.len() {
+				return false;
+			}
+			let node = self.node_id_vec[*x as usize];
+			match self.roles.get(&node) {
+				Some(NodeRoleV(Some(x))) if x.capacity.is_some() => (),
+				_ => return false,
+			}
+		}
+
+		true
+	}
+
+	/// Calculate an assignation of partitions to nodes
+	pub fn calculate_partition_assignation(&mut self) -> bool {
+		let (configured_nodes, zones) = self.configured_nodes_and_zones();
+		let n_zones = zones.len();
+
+		println!("Calculating updated partition assignation, this may take some time...");
+		println!();
+
+		let old_partitions = self.parse_assignation_data();
+
+		let mut partitions = old_partitions.clone();
+		for part in partitions.iter_mut() {
+			part.nodes
+				.retain(|(_, info)| info.map(|x| x.capacity.is_some()).unwrap_or(false));
+		}
+
+		// When nodes are removed, or when bootstraping an assignation from
+		// scratch for a new cluster, the old partitions will have holes (or be empty).
+		// Here we add more nodes to make a complete (sub-optimal) assignation,
+		// using an initial partition assignation that is calculated using the multi-dc maglev trick
+		match self.initial_partition_assignation() {
+			Some(initial_partitions) => {
+				for (part, ipart) in partitions.iter_mut().zip(initial_partitions.iter()) {
+					for (id, info) in ipart.nodes.iter() {
+						if part.nodes.len() < self.replication_factor {
+							part.add(part.nodes.len() + 1, n_zones, id, info.unwrap());
+						}
+					}
+					assert!(part.nodes.len() == self.replication_factor);
+				}
+			}
+			None => {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Calculate how many partitions each node should ideally store,
+		// and how many partitions they are storing with the current assignation
+		// This defines our target for which we will optimize in the following loop.
+		let total_capacity = configured_nodes
+			.iter()
+			.map(|(_, info)| info.capacity.unwrap_or(0))
+			.sum::<u32>() as usize;
+		let total_partitions = self.replication_factor * (1 << PARTITION_BITS);
+		let target_partitions_per_node = configured_nodes
+			.iter()
+			.map(|(id, info)| {
+				(
+					*id,
+					info.capacity.unwrap_or(0) as usize * total_partitions / total_capacity,
+				)
+			})
+			.collect::<HashMap<&Uuid, usize>>();
+
+		let mut partitions_per_node = self.partitions_per_node(&partitions[..]);
+
+		println!("Target number of partitions per node:");
+		for (node, npart) in target_partitions_per_node.iter() {
+			println!("{:?}\t{}", node, npart);
+		}
+		println!();
+
+		// Shuffle partitions between nodes so that nodes will reach (or better approach)
+		// their target number of stored partitions
+		loop {
+			let mut option = None;
+			for (i, part) in partitions.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+				for (irm, (idrm, _)) in part.nodes.iter().enumerate() {
+					let suprm = partitions_per_node.get(*idrm).cloned().unwrap_or(0) as i32
+						- target_partitions_per_node.get(*idrm).cloned().unwrap_or(0) as i32;
+
+					for (idadd, infoadd) in configured_nodes.iter() {
+						// skip replacing a node by itself
+						// and skip replacing by gateway nodes
+						if idadd == idrm || infoadd.capacity.is_none() {
+							continue;
+						}
+
+						let supadd = partitions_per_node.get(*idadd).cloned().unwrap_or(0) as i32
+							- target_partitions_per_node.get(*idadd).cloned().unwrap_or(0) as i32;
+
+						// We want to try replacing node idrm by node idadd
+						// if that brings us close to our goal.
+						let square = |i: i32| i * i;
+						let oldcost = square(suprm) + square(supadd);
+						let newcost = square(suprm - 1) + square(supadd + 1);
+						if newcost >= oldcost {
+							// not closer to our goal
+							continue;
+						}
+						let gain = oldcost - newcost;
+
+						let mut newpart = part.clone();
+
+						newpart.nodes.remove(irm);
+						if !newpart.add(newpart.nodes.len() + 1, n_zones, idadd, infoadd) {
+							continue;
+						}
+						assert!(newpart.nodes.len() == self.replication_factor);
+
+						if !old_partitions[i]
+							.is_valid_transition_to(&newpart, self.replication_factor)
+						{
+							continue;
+						}
+
+						if option
+							.as_ref()
+							.map(|(old_gain, _, _, _, _)| gain > *old_gain)
+							.unwrap_or(true)
+						{
+							option = Some((gain, i, idadd, idrm, newpart));
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if let Some((_gain, i, idadd, idrm, newpart)) = option {
+				*partitions_per_node.entry(idadd).or_insert(0) += 1;
+				*partitions_per_node.get_mut(idrm).unwrap() -= 1;
+				partitions[i] = newpart;
+			} else {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Check we completed the assignation correctly
+		// (this is a set of checks for the algorithm's consistency)
+		assert!(partitions.len() == (1 << PARTITION_BITS));
+		assert!(partitions
+			.iter()
+			.all(|p| p.nodes.len() == self.replication_factor));
+
+		let new_partitions_per_node = self.partitions_per_node(&partitions[..]);
+		assert!(new_partitions_per_node == partitions_per_node);
+
+		// Show statistics
+		println!("New number of partitions per node:");
+		for (node, npart) in partitions_per_node.iter() {
+			println!("{:?}\t{}", node, npart);
+		}
+		println!();
+
+		let mut diffcount = HashMap::new();
+		for (oldpart, newpart) in old_partitions.iter().zip(partitions.iter()) {
+			let nminus = oldpart.txtplus(newpart);
+			let nplus = newpart.txtplus(oldpart);
+			if nminus != "[...]" || nplus != "[...]" {
+				let tup = (nminus, nplus);
+				*diffcount.entry(tup).or_insert(0) += 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if diffcount.is_empty() {
+			println!("No data will be moved between nodes.");
+		} else {
+			let mut diffcount = diffcount.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+			diffcount.sort();
+			println!("Number of partitions that move:");
+			for ((nminus, nplus), npart) in diffcount {
+				println!("\t{}\t{} -> {}", npart, nminus, nplus);
+			}
+		}
+		println!();
+
+		// Calculate and save new assignation data
+		let (nodes, assignation_data) =
+			self.compute_assignation_data(&configured_nodes[..], &partitions[..]);
+
+		self.node_id_vec = nodes;
+		self.ring_assignation_data = assignation_data;
+
+		true
+	}
+
+	fn initial_partition_assignation(&self) -> Option<Vec<PartitionAss<'_>>> {
+		let (configured_nodes, zones) = self.configured_nodes_and_zones();
+		let n_zones = zones.len();
+
+		// Create a vector of partition indices (0 to 2**PARTITION_BITS-1)
+		let partitions_idx = (0usize..(1usize << PARTITION_BITS)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+		// Prepare ring
+		let mut partitions: Vec<PartitionAss> = partitions_idx
+			.iter()
+			.map(|_i| PartitionAss::new())
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+		// Create MagLev priority queues for each node
+		let mut queues = configured_nodes
+			.iter()
+			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
+			.map(|(node_id, node_info)| {
+				let mut parts = partitions_idx
+					.iter()
+					.map(|i| {
+						let part_data =
+							[&u16::to_be_bytes(*i as u16)[..], node_id.as_slice()].concat();
+						(*i, fasthash(&part_data[..]))
+					})
+					.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+				parts.sort_by_key(|(_i, h)| *h);
+				let parts_i = parts.iter().map(|(i, _h)| *i).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+				(node_id, node_info, parts_i, 0)
+			})
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+		let max_capacity = configured_nodes
+			.iter()
+			.filter_map(|(_, node_info)| node_info.capacity)
+			.fold(0, std::cmp::max);
+
+		// Fill up ring
+		for rep in 0..self.replication_factor {
+			queues.sort_by_key(|(ni, _np, _q, _p)| {
+				let queue_data = [&u16::to_be_bytes(rep as u16)[..], ni.as_slice()].concat();
+				fasthash(&queue_data[..])
+			});
+
+			for (_, _, _, pos) in queues.iter_mut() {
+				*pos = 0;
+			}
+
+			let mut remaining = partitions_idx.len();
+			while remaining > 0 {
+				let remaining0 = remaining;
+				for i_round in 0..max_capacity {
+					for (node_id, node_info, q, pos) in queues.iter_mut() {
+						if i_round >= node_info.capacity.unwrap() {
+							continue;
+						}
+						for (pos2, &qv) in q.iter().enumerate().skip(*pos) {
+							if partitions[qv].add(rep + 1, n_zones, node_id, node_info) {
+								remaining -= 1;
+								*pos = pos2 + 1;
+								break;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if remaining == remaining0 {
+					// No progress made, exit
+					return None;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		Some(partitions)
+	}
+
+	fn configured_nodes_and_zones(&self) -> (Vec<(&Uuid, &NodeRole)>, HashSet<&str>) {
+		let configured_nodes = self
+			.roles
+			.items()
+			.iter()
+			.filter(|(_id, _, info)| info.0.is_some())
+			.map(|(id, _, info)| (id, info.0.as_ref().unwrap()))
+			.collect::<Vec<(&Uuid, &NodeRole)>>();
+
+		let zones = configured_nodes
+			.iter()
+			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
+			.map(|(_id, info)| info.zone.as_str())
+			.collect::<HashSet<&str>>();
+
+		(configured_nodes, zones)
+	}
+
+	fn compute_assignation_data<'a>(
+		&self,
+		configured_nodes: &[(&'a Uuid, &'a NodeRole)],
+		partitions: &[PartitionAss<'a>],
+	) -> (Vec<Uuid>, Vec<CompactNodeType>) {
+		assert!(partitions.len() == (1 << PARTITION_BITS));
+
+		// Make a canonical order for nodes
+		let mut nodes = configured_nodes
+			.iter()
+			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
+			.map(|(id, _)| **id)
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+		let nodes_rev = nodes
+			.iter()
+			.enumerate()
+			.map(|(i, id)| (*id, i as CompactNodeType))
+			.collect::<HashMap<Uuid, CompactNodeType>>();
+
+		let mut assignation_data = vec![];
+		for partition in partitions.iter() {
+			assert!(partition.nodes.len() == self.replication_factor);
+			for (id, _) in partition.nodes.iter() {
+				assignation_data.push(*nodes_rev.get(id).unwrap());
+			}
+		}
+
+		nodes.extend(
+			configured_nodes
+				.iter()
+				.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_none())
+				.map(|(id, _)| **id),
+		);
+
+		(nodes, assignation_data)
+	}
+
+	fn parse_assignation_data(&self) -> Vec<PartitionAss<'_>> {
+		if self.ring_assignation_data.len() == self.replication_factor * (1 << PARTITION_BITS) {
+			// If the previous assignation data is correct, use that
+			let mut partitions = vec![];
+			for i in 0..(1 << PARTITION_BITS) {
+				let mut part = PartitionAss::new();
+				for node_i in self.ring_assignation_data
+					[i * self.replication_factor..(i + 1) * self.replication_factor]
+					.iter()
+				{
+					let node_id = &self.node_id_vec[*node_i as usize];
+
+					if let Some(NodeRoleV(Some(info))) = self.roles.get(node_id) {
+						part.nodes.push((node_id, Some(info)));
+					} else {
+						part.nodes.push((node_id, None));
+					}
+				}
+				partitions.push(part);
+			}
+			partitions
+		} else {
+			// Otherwise start fresh
+			(0..(1 << PARTITION_BITS))
+				.map(|_| PartitionAss::new())
+				.collect()
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn partitions_per_node<'a>(&self, partitions: &[PartitionAss<'a>]) -> HashMap<&'a Uuid, usize> {
+		let mut partitions_per_node = HashMap::<&Uuid, usize>::new();
+		for p in partitions.iter() {
+			for (id, _) in p.nodes.iter() {
+				*partitions_per_node.entry(*id).or_insert(0) += 1;
+			}
+		}
+		partitions_per_node
+	}
+}
+
+// ---- Internal structs for partition assignation in layout ----
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct PartitionAss<'a> {
+	nodes: Vec<(&'a Uuid, Option<&'a NodeRole>)>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> PartitionAss<'a> {
+	fn new() -> Self {
+		Self { nodes: Vec::new() }
+	}
+
+	fn nplus(&self, other: &PartitionAss<'a>) -> usize {
+		self.nodes
+			.iter()
+			.filter(|x| !other.nodes.contains(x))
+			.count()
+	}
+
+	fn txtplus(&self, other: &PartitionAss<'a>) -> String {
+		let mut nodes = self
+			.nodes
+			.iter()
+			.filter(|x| !other.nodes.contains(x))
+			.map(|x| format!("{:?}", x.0))
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+		nodes.sort();
+		if self.nodes.iter().any(|x| other.nodes.contains(x)) {
+			nodes.push("...".into());
+		}
+		format!("[{}]", nodes.join(" "))
+	}
+
+	fn is_valid_transition_to(&self, other: &PartitionAss<'a>, replication_factor: usize) -> bool {
+		let min_keep_nodes_per_part = (replication_factor + 1) / 2;
+		let n_removed = self.nplus(other);
+
+		if self.nodes.len() <= min_keep_nodes_per_part {
+			n_removed == 0
+		} else {
+			n_removed <= self.nodes.len() - min_keep_nodes_per_part
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn add(
+		&mut self,
+		target_len: usize,
+		n_zones: usize,
+		node: &'a Uuid,
+		role: &'a NodeRole,
+	) -> bool {
+		if self.nodes.len() != target_len - 1 {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		let p_zns = self
+			.nodes
+			.iter()
+			.map(|(_id, info)| info.unwrap().zone.as_str())
+			.collect::<HashSet<&str>>();
+		if (p_zns.len() < n_zones && !p_zns.contains(&role.zone.as_str()))
+			|| (p_zns.len() == n_zones && !self.nodes.iter().any(|(id, _)| *id == node))
+		{
+			self.nodes.push((node, Some(role)));
+			true
+		} else {
+			false
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ extern crate log;

 mod consul;

+pub mod layout;
 pub mod ring;
 pub mod system;

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 //! Module containing types related to computing nodes which should receive a copy of data blocks
 //! and metadata
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::convert::TryInto;

-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
 use garage_util::data::*;

+use crate::layout::ClusterLayout;
+
 /// A partition id, which is stored on 16 bits
 /// i.e. we have up to 2**16 partitions.
 /// (in practice we have exactly 2**PARTITION_BITS partitions)
@@ -22,47 +21,6 @@ pub const PARTITION_BITS: usize = 8;

 const PARTITION_MASK_U16: u16 = ((1 << PARTITION_BITS) - 1) << (16 - PARTITION_BITS);

-/// The user-defined configuration of the cluster's nodes
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct NetworkConfig {
-	/// Map of each node's id to it's configuration
-	pub members: HashMap<Uuid, NetworkConfigEntry>,
-	/// Version of this config
-	pub version: u64,
-}
-
-impl NetworkConfig {
-	pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
-		Self {
-			members: HashMap::new(),
-			version: 0,
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/// The overall configuration of one (possibly remote) node
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-pub struct NetworkConfigEntry {
-	/// Datacenter at which this entry belong. This infromation might be used to perform a better
-	/// geodistribution
-	pub zone: String,
-	/// The (relative) capacity of the node
-	/// If this is set to None, the node does not participate in storing data for the system
-	/// and is only active as an API gateway to other nodes
-	pub capacity: Option<u32>,
-	/// A tag to recognize the entry, not used for other things than display
-	pub tag: String,
-}
-
-impl NetworkConfigEntry {
-	pub fn capacity_string(&self) -> String {
-		match self.capacity {
-			Some(c) => format!("{}", c),
-			None => "gateway".to_string(),
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 /// A ring distributing fairly objects to nodes
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Ring {
@@ -70,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct Ring {
 	pub replication_factor: usize,

 	/// The network configuration used to generate this ring
-	pub config: NetworkConfig,
+	pub layout: ClusterLayout,

 	// Internal order of nodes used to make a more compact representation of the ring
 	nodes: Vec<Uuid>,
@@ -81,7 +39,7 @@ pub struct Ring {

 // Type to store compactly the id of a node in the system
 // Change this to u16 the day we want to have more than 256 nodes in a cluster
-type CompactNodeType = u8;
+pub type CompactNodeType = u8;

 // The maximum number of times an object might get replicated
 // This must be at least 3 because Garage supports 3-way replication
@@ -102,132 +60,26 @@ struct RingEntry {
 }

 impl Ring {
-	// TODO this function MUST be refactored, it's 100 lines long, with a 50 lines loop, going up to 6
-	// levels of imbrication. It is basically impossible to test, maintain, or understand for an
-	// outsider.
-	pub(crate) fn new(config: NetworkConfig, replication_factor: usize) -> Self {
-		// Create a vector of partition indices (0 to 2**PARTITION_BITS-1)
-		let partitions_idx = (0usize..(1usize << PARTITION_BITS)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-		let zones = config
-			.members
-			.iter()
-			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
-			.map(|(_id, info)| info.zone.as_str())
-			.collect::<HashSet<&str>>();
-		let n_zones = zones.len();
-
-		// Prepare ring
-		let mut partitions: Vec<Vec<(&Uuid, &NetworkConfigEntry)>> = partitions_idx
-			.iter()
-			.map(|_i| Vec::new())
-			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-		// Create MagLev priority queues for each node
-		let mut queues = config
-			.members
-			.iter()
-			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
-			.map(|(node_id, node_info)| {
-				let mut parts = partitions_idx
-					.iter()
-					.map(|i| {
-						let part_data =
-							[&u16::to_be_bytes(*i as u16)[..], node_id.as_slice()].concat();
-						(*i, fasthash(&part_data[..]))
-					})
-					.collect::<Vec<_>>();
-				parts.sort_by_key(|(_i, h)| *h);
-				let parts_i = parts.iter().map(|(i, _h)| *i).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-				(node_id, node_info, parts_i, 0)
-			})
-			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-		let max_capacity = config
-			.members
-			.iter()
-			.filter_map(|(_, node_info)| node_info.capacity)
-			.fold(0, std::cmp::max);
-
-		assert!(replication_factor <= MAX_REPLICATION);
-
-		// Fill up ring
-		for rep in 0..replication_factor {
-			queues.sort_by_key(|(ni, _np, _q, _p)| {
-				let queue_data = [&u16::to_be_bytes(rep as u16)[..], ni.as_slice()].concat();
-				fasthash(&queue_data[..])
-			});
-
-			for (_, _, _, pos) in queues.iter_mut() {
-				*pos = 0;
-			}
-
-			let mut remaining = partitions_idx.len();
-			while remaining > 0 {
-				let remaining0 = remaining;
-				for i_round in 0..max_capacity {
-					for (node_id, node_info, q, pos) in queues.iter_mut() {
-						if i_round >= node_info.capacity.unwrap() {
-							continue;
-						}
-						for (pos2, &qv) in q.iter().enumerate().skip(*pos) {
-							if partitions[qv].len() != rep {
-								continue;
-							}
-							let p_zns = partitions[qv]
-								.iter()
-								.map(|(_id, info)| info.zone.as_str())
-								.collect::<HashSet<&str>>();
-							if (p_zns.len() < n_zones && !p_zns.contains(&node_info.zone.as_str()))
-								|| (p_zns.len() == n_zones
-									&& !partitions[qv].iter().any(|(id, _i)| id == node_id))
-							{
-								partitions[qv].push((node_id, node_info));
-								remaining -= 1;
-								*pos = pos2 + 1;
-								break;
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				if remaining == remaining0 {
-					// No progress made, exit
-					warn!("Could not build ring, not enough nodes configured.");
-					return Self {
-						replication_factor,
-						config,
-						nodes: vec![],
-						ring: vec![],
-					};
-				}
-			}
+	pub(crate) fn new(layout: ClusterLayout, replication_factor: usize) -> Self {
+		if replication_factor != layout.replication_factor {
+			warn!("Could not build ring: replication factor does not match between local configuration and network role assignation.");
+			return Self::empty(layout, replication_factor);
 		}

-		// Make a canonical order for nodes
-		let nodes = config
-			.members
-			.iter()
-			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
-			.map(|(id, _)| *id)
-			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
-		let nodes_rev = nodes
-			.iter()
-			.enumerate()
-			.map(|(i, id)| (*id, i as CompactNodeType))
-			.collect::<HashMap<Uuid, CompactNodeType>>();
+		if layout.ring_assignation_data.len() != replication_factor * (1 << PARTITION_BITS) {
+			warn!("Could not build ring: network role assignation data has invalid length");
+			return Self::empty(layout, replication_factor);
+		}

-		let ring = partitions
-			.iter()
-			.enumerate()
-			.map(|(i, nodes)| {
+		let nodes = layout.node_id_vec.clone();
+		let ring = (0..(1 << PARTITION_BITS))
+			.map(|i| {
 				let top = (i as u16) << (16 - PARTITION_BITS);
-				let nodes = nodes
-					.iter()
-					.map(|(id, _info)| *nodes_rev.get(id).unwrap())
-					.collect::<Vec<CompactNodeType>>();
-				assert!(nodes.len() == replication_factor);
 				let mut nodes_buf = [0u8; MAX_REPLICATION];
-				nodes_buf[..replication_factor].copy_from_slice(&nodes[..]);
+				nodes_buf[..replication_factor].copy_from_slice(
+					&layout.ring_assignation_data
+						[replication_factor * i..replication_factor * (i + 1)],
+				);
 				RingEntry {
 					hash_prefix: top,
 					nodes_buf,
@@ -237,12 +89,21 @@ impl Ring {

 		Self {
 			replication_factor,
-			config,
+			layout,
 			nodes,
 			ring,
 		}
 	}

+	fn empty(layout: ClusterLayout, replication_factor: usize) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			replication_factor,
+			layout,
+			nodes: vec![],
+			ring: vec![],
+		}
+	}
+
 	/// Get the partition in which data would fall on
 	pub fn partition_of(&self, position: &Hash) -> Partition {
 		let top = u16::from_be_bytes(position.as_slice()[0..2].try_into().unwrap());
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use futures::stream::futures_unordered::FuturesUnordered;
 use futures::stream::StreamExt;
 use futures_util::future::FutureExt;
 use tokio::select;
+use tokio::sync::{watch, Semaphore};

 pub use netapp::endpoint::{Endpoint, EndpointHandler, Message as Rpc};
 use netapp::peering::fullmesh::FullMeshPeeringStrategy;
@@ -14,11 +15,18 @@ pub use netapp::proto::*;
 pub use netapp::{NetApp, NodeID};

 use garage_util::background::BackgroundRunner;
-use garage_util::data::Uuid;
+use garage_util::data::*;
 use garage_util::error::Error;

+use crate::ring::Ring;
+
 const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);

+// Try to never have more than 200MB of outgoing requests
+// buffered at the same time. Other requests are queued until
+// space is freed.
+const REQUEST_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 200 * 1024 * 1024;
+
 /// Strategy to apply when making RPC
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct RequestStrategy {
@@ -61,12 +69,32 @@ impl RequestStrategy {
 }

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct RpcHelper {
-	pub(crate) fullmesh: Arc<FullMeshPeeringStrategy>,
-	pub(crate) background: Arc<BackgroundRunner>,
+pub struct RpcHelper(Arc<RpcHelperInner>);
+
+struct RpcHelperInner {
+	our_node_id: Uuid,
+	fullmesh: Arc<FullMeshPeeringStrategy>,
+	background: Arc<BackgroundRunner>,
+	ring: watch::Receiver<Arc<Ring>>,
+	request_buffer_semaphore: Semaphore,
 }

 impl RpcHelper {
+	pub(crate) fn new(
+		our_node_id: Uuid,
+		fullmesh: Arc<FullMeshPeeringStrategy>,
+		background: Arc<BackgroundRunner>,
+		ring: watch::Receiver<Arc<Ring>>,
+	) -> Self {
+		Self(Arc::new(RpcHelperInner {
+			our_node_id,
+			fullmesh,
+			background,
+			ring,
+			request_buffer_semaphore: Semaphore::new(REQUEST_BUFFER_SIZE),
+		}))
+	}
+
 	pub async fn call<M, H, S>(
 		&self,
 		endpoint: &Endpoint<M, H>,
@@ -92,10 +120,23 @@ impl RpcHelper {
 		M: Rpc<Response = Result<S, Error>>,
 		H: EndpointHandler<M>,
 	{
+		let msg_size = rmp_to_vec_all_named(&msg)?.len() as u32;
+		let permit = self
+			.0
+			.request_buffer_semaphore
+			.acquire_many(msg_size)
+			.await?;
+
 		let node_id = to.into();
 		select! {
-			res = endpoint.call(&node_id, &msg, strat.rs_priority) => Ok(res??),
-			_ = tokio::time::sleep(strat.rs_timeout) => Err(Error::Timeout),
+			res = endpoint.call(&node_id, &msg, strat.rs_priority) => {
+				drop(permit);
+				Ok(res??)
+			}
+			_ = tokio::time::sleep(strat.rs_timeout) => {
+				drop(permit);
+				Err(Error::Timeout)
+			}
 		}
 	}

@@ -133,6 +174,7 @@ impl RpcHelper {
 		H: EndpointHandler<M>,
 	{
 		let to = self
+			.0
 			.fullmesh
 			.get_peer_list()
 			.iter()
@@ -141,8 +183,8 @@ impl RpcHelper {
 		self.call_many(endpoint, &to[..], msg, strat).await
 	}

-	/// Make a RPC call to multiple servers, returning either a Vec of responses, or an error if
-	/// strategy could not be respected due to too many errors
+	/// Make a RPC call to multiple servers, returning either a Vec of responses,
+	/// or an error if quorum could not be reached due to too many errors
 	pub async fn try_call_many<M, H, S>(
 		&self,
 		endpoint: &Arc<Endpoint<M, H>>,
@@ -156,54 +198,146 @@ impl RpcHelper {
 		S: Send,
 	{
 		let msg = Arc::new(msg);
-		let mut resp_stream = to
-			.to_vec()
-			.into_iter()
-			.map(|to| {
-				let self2 = self.clone();
-				let msg = msg.clone();
-				let endpoint2 = endpoint.clone();
-				async move { self2.call_arc(&endpoint2, to, msg, strategy).await }
-			})
-			.collect::<FuturesUnordered<_>>();

-		let mut results = vec![];
-		let mut errors = vec![];
+		// Build future for each request
+		// They are not started now: they are added below in a FuturesUnordered
+		// object that will take care of polling them (see below)
+		let requests = to.iter().cloned().map(|to| {
+			let self2 = self.clone();
+			let msg = msg.clone();
+			let endpoint2 = endpoint.clone();
+			(to, async move {
+				self2.call_arc(&endpoint2, to, msg, strategy).await
+			})
+		});
 		let quorum = strategy.rs_quorum.unwrap_or(to.len());

-		while let Some(resp) = resp_stream.next().await {
-			match resp {
-				Ok(msg) => {
-					results.push(msg);
-					if results.len() >= quorum {
-						break;
+		// Vectors in which success results and errors will be collected
+		let mut successes = vec![];
+		let mut errors = vec![];
+
+		if strategy.rs_interrupt_after_quorum {
+			// Case 1: once quorum is reached, other requests don't matter.
+			// What we do here is only send the required number of requests
+			// to reach a quorum, priorizing nodes with the lowest latency.
+			// When there are errors, we start new requests to compensate.
+
+			// Retrieve some status variables that we will use to sort requests
+			let peer_list = self.0.fullmesh.get_peer_list();
+			let ring: Arc<Ring> = self.0.ring.borrow().clone();
+			let our_zone = match ring.layout.node_role(&self.0.our_node_id) {
+				Some(pc) => &pc.zone,
+				None => "",
+			};
+
+			// Augment requests with some information used to sort them.
+			// The tuples are as follows:
+			//         (is another node?, is another zone?, latency, node ID, request future)
+			// We store all of these tuples in a vec that we can sort.
+			// By sorting this vec, we priorize ourself, then nodes in the same zone,
+			// and within a same zone we priorize nodes with the lowest latency.
+			let mut requests = requests
+				.map(|(to, fut)| {
+					let peer_zone = match ring.layout.node_role(&to) {
+						Some(pc) => &pc.zone,
+						None => "",
+					};
+					let peer_avg_ping = peer_list
+						.iter()
+						.find(|x| x.id.as_ref() == to.as_slice())
+						.map(|pi| pi.avg_ping)
+						.flatten()
+						.unwrap_or_else(|| Duration::from_secs(1));
+					(
+						to != self.0.our_node_id,
+						peer_zone != our_zone,
+						peer_avg_ping,
+						to,
+						fut,
+					)
+				})
+				.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+			// Sort requests by (priorize ourself, priorize same zone, priorize low latency)
+			requests
+				.sort_by_key(|(diffnode, diffzone, ping, _to, _fut)| (*diffnode, *diffzone, *ping));
+
+			// Make an iterator to take requests in their sorted order
+			let mut requests = requests.into_iter();
+
+			// resp_stream will contain all of the requests that are currently in flight.
+			// (for the moment none, they will be added in the loop below)
+			let mut resp_stream = FuturesUnordered::new();
+
+			// Do some requests and collect results
+			'request_loop: while successes.len() < quorum {
+				// If the current set of requests that are running is not enough to possibly
+				// reach quorum, start some new requests.
+				while successes.len() + resp_stream.len() < quorum {
+					if let Some((_, _, _, _to, fut)) = requests.next() {
+						resp_stream.push(fut);
+					} else {
+						// If we have no request to add, we know that we won't ever
+						// reach quorum: bail out now.
+						break 'request_loop;
 					}
 				}
-				Err(e) => {
-					errors.push(e);
+				assert!(!resp_stream.is_empty()); // because of loop invariants
+
+				// Wait for one request to terminate
+				match resp_stream.next().await.unwrap() {
+					Ok(msg) => {
+						successes.push(msg);
+					}
+					Err(e) => {
+						errors.push(e);
+					}
 				}
 			}
+		} else {
+			// Case 2: all of the requests need to be sent in all cases,
+			// and need to terminate. (this is the case for writes that
+			// must be spread to n nodes)
+			// Just start all the requests in parallel and return as soon
+			// as the quorum is reached.
+			let mut resp_stream = requests
+				.map(|(_, fut)| fut)
+				.collect::<FuturesUnordered<_>>();
+
+			while let Some(resp) = resp_stream.next().await {
+				match resp {
+					Ok(msg) => {
+						successes.push(msg);
+						if successes.len() >= quorum {
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					Err(e) => {
+						errors.push(e);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if !resp_stream.is_empty() {
+				// Continue remaining requests in background.
+				// Continue the remaining requests immediately using tokio::spawn
+				// but enqueue a task in the background runner
+				// to ensure that the process won't exit until the requests are done
+				// (if we had just enqueued the resp_stream.collect directly in the background runner,
+				// the requests might have been put on hold in the background runner's queue,
+				// in which case they might timeout or otherwise fail)
+				let wait_finished_fut = tokio::spawn(async move {
+					resp_stream.collect::<Vec<Result<_, _>>>().await;
+				});
+				self.0.background.spawn(wait_finished_fut.map(|_| Ok(())));
+			}
 		}

-		if results.len() >= quorum {
-			// Continue requests in background.
-			// Continue the remaining requests immediately using tokio::spawn
-			// but enqueue a task in the background runner
-			// to ensure that the process won't exit until the requests are done
-			// (if we had just enqueued the resp_stream.collect directly in the background runner,
-			// the requests might have been put on hold in the background runner's queue,
-			// in which case they might timeout or otherwise fail)
-			if !strategy.rs_interrupt_after_quorum {
-				let wait_finished_fut = tokio::spawn(async move {
-					resp_stream.collect::<Vec<_>>().await;
-				});
-				self.background.spawn(wait_finished_fut.map(|_| Ok(())));
-			}
-
-			Ok(results)
+		if successes.len() >= quorum {
+			Ok(successes)
 		} else {
 			let errors = errors.iter().map(|e| format!("{}", e)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-			Err(Error::Quorum(quorum, results.len(), to.len(), errors))
+			Err(Error::Quorum(quorum, successes.len(), to.len(), errors))
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::io::{Read, Write};
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::path::Path;
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
-use std::time::Duration;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};

 use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@ use netapp::{NetApp, NetworkKey, NodeID, NodeKey};

 use garage_util::background::BackgroundRunner;
 use garage_util::config::Config;
-use garage_util::data::Uuid;
+use garage_util::data::*;
 use garage_util::error::*;
 use garage_util::persister::Persister;
 use garage_util::time::*;

 use crate::consul::*;
+use crate::layout::*;
 use crate::ring::*;
 use crate::rpc_helper::*;

@@ -48,13 +49,13 @@ pub enum SystemRpc {
 	Ok,
 	/// Request to connect to a specific node (in <pubkey>@<host>:<port> format)
 	Connect(String),
-	/// Ask other node its config. Answered with AdvertiseConfig
-	PullConfig,
+	/// Ask other node its cluster layout. Answered with AdvertiseClusterLayout
+	PullClusterLayout,
 	/// Advertise Garage status. Answered with another AdvertiseStatus.
 	/// Exchanged with every node on a regular basis.
 	AdvertiseStatus(NodeStatus),
-	/// Advertisement of nodes config. Sent spontanously or in response to PullConfig
-	AdvertiseConfig(NetworkConfig),
+	/// Advertisement of cluster layout. Sent spontanously or in response to PullClusterLayout
+	AdvertiseClusterLayout(ClusterLayout),
 	/// Get known nodes states
 	GetKnownNodes,
 	/// Return known nodes
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ pub struct System {
 	/// The id of this node
 	pub id: Uuid,

-	persist_config: Persister<NetworkConfig>,
+	persist_cluster_layout: Persister<ClusterLayout>,
 	persist_peer_list: Persister<Vec<(Uuid, SocketAddr)>>,

 	local_status: ArcSwap<NodeStatus>,
@@ -103,8 +104,10 @@ pub struct NodeStatus {
 	pub hostname: String,
 	/// Replication factor configured on the node
 	pub replication_factor: usize,
-	/// Configuration version
-	pub config_version: u64,
+	/// Cluster layout version
+	pub cluster_layout_version: u64,
+	/// Hash of cluster layout staging data
+	pub cluster_layout_staging_hash: Hash,
 }

 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ pub struct KnownNodeInfo {
 	pub id: Uuid,
 	pub addr: SocketAddr,
 	pub is_up: bool,
+	pub last_seen_secs_ago: Option<u64>,
 	pub status: NodeStatus,
 }

@@ -186,17 +190,17 @@ impl System {
 			gen_node_key(&config.metadata_dir).expect("Unable to read or generate node ID");
 		info!("Node public key: {}", hex::encode(&node_key.public_key()));

-		let persist_config = Persister::new(&config.metadata_dir, "network_config");
+		let persist_cluster_layout = Persister::new(&config.metadata_dir, "cluster_layout");
 		let persist_peer_list = Persister::new(&config.metadata_dir, "peer_list");

-		let net_config = match persist_config.load() {
+		let cluster_layout = match persist_cluster_layout.load() {
 			Ok(x) => x,
 			Err(e) => {
 				info!(
-					"No valid previous network configuration stored ({}), starting fresh.",
+					"No valid previous cluster layout stored ({}), starting fresh.",
 					e
 				);
-				NetworkConfig::new()
+				ClusterLayout::new(replication_factor)
 			}
 		};

@@ -205,10 +209,11 @@ impl System {
 				.into_string()
 				.unwrap_or_else(|_| "<invalid utf-8>".to_string()),
 			replication_factor,
-			config_version: net_config.version,
+			cluster_layout_version: cluster_layout.version,
+			cluster_layout_staging_hash: cluster_layout.staging_hash,
 		};

-		let ring = Ring::new(net_config, replication_factor);
+		let ring = Ring::new(cluster_layout, replication_factor);
 		let (update_ring, ring) = watch::channel(Arc::new(ring));

 		if let Some(addr) = config.rpc_public_addr {
@@ -228,16 +233,13 @@ impl System {

 		let sys = Arc::new(System {
 			id: netapp.id.into(),
-			persist_config,
+			persist_cluster_layout,
 			persist_peer_list,
 			local_status: ArcSwap::new(Arc::new(local_status)),
 			node_status: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
 			netapp: netapp.clone(),
 			fullmesh: fullmesh.clone(),
-			rpc: RpcHelper {
-				fullmesh,
-				background: background.clone(),
-			},
+			rpc: RpcHelper::new(netapp.id.into(), fullmesh, background.clone(), ring.clone()),
 			system_endpoint,
 			replication_factor,
 			rpc_listen_addr: config.rpc_bind_addr,
@@ -294,12 +296,12 @@ impl System {
 	}

 	/// Save network configuration to disc
-	async fn save_network_config(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+	async fn save_cluster_layout(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<(), Error> {
 		let ring: Arc<Ring> = self.ring.borrow().clone();
-		self.persist_config
-			.save_async(&ring.config)
+		self.persist_cluster_layout
+			.save_async(&ring.layout)
 			.await
-			.expect("Cannot save current cluster configuration");
+			.expect("Cannot save current cluster layout");
 		Ok(())
 	}

@@ -307,7 +309,8 @@ impl System {
 		let mut new_si: NodeStatus = self.local_status.load().as_ref().clone();

 		let ring = self.ring.borrow();
-		new_si.config_version = ring.config.version;
+		new_si.cluster_layout_version = ring.layout.version;
+		new_si.cluster_layout_staging_hash = ring.layout.staging_hash;
 		self.local_status.swap(Arc::new(new_si));
 	}

@@ -339,9 +342,9 @@ impl System {
 		)));
 	}

-	fn handle_pull_config(&self) -> SystemRpc {
+	fn handle_pull_cluster_layout(&self) -> SystemRpc {
 		let ring = self.ring.borrow().clone();
-		SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(ring.config.clone())
+		SystemRpc::AdvertiseClusterLayout(ring.layout.clone())
 	}

 	fn handle_get_known_nodes(&self) -> SystemRpc {
@@ -354,6 +357,7 @@ impl System {
 				id: n.id.into(),
 				addr: n.addr,
 				is_up: n.is_up(),
+				last_seen_secs_ago: n.last_seen.map(|t| (Instant::now() - t).as_secs()),
 				status: node_status
 					.get(&n.id.into())
 					.cloned()
@@ -361,7 +365,8 @@ impl System {
 					.unwrap_or(NodeStatus {
 						hostname: "?".to_string(),
 						replication_factor: 0,
-						config_version: 0,
+						cluster_layout_version: 0,
+						cluster_layout_staging_hash: Hash::from([0u8; 32]),
 					}),
 			})
 			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
@@ -382,10 +387,12 @@ impl System {
 			std::process::exit(1);
 		}

-		if info.config_version > local_info.config_version {
+		if info.cluster_layout_version > local_info.cluster_layout_version
+			|| info.cluster_layout_staging_hash != local_info.cluster_layout_staging_hash
+		{
 			let self2 = self.clone();
 			self.background.spawn_cancellable(async move {
-				self2.pull_config(from).await;
+				self2.pull_cluster_layout(from).await;
 				Ok(())
 			});
 		}
@@ -398,32 +405,39 @@ impl System {
 		Ok(SystemRpc::Ok)
 	}

-	async fn handle_advertise_config(
+	async fn handle_advertise_cluster_layout(
 		self: Arc<Self>,
-		adv: &NetworkConfig,
+		adv: &ClusterLayout,
 	) -> Result<SystemRpc, Error> {
 		let update_ring = self.update_ring.lock().await;
-		let ring: Arc<Ring> = self.ring.borrow().clone();
+		let mut layout: ClusterLayout = self.ring.borrow().layout.clone();

-		if adv.version > ring.config.version {
-			let ring = Ring::new(adv.clone(), self.replication_factor);
+		let prev_layout_check = layout.check();
+		if layout.merge(adv) {
+			if prev_layout_check && !layout.check() {
+				error!("New cluster layout is invalid, discarding.");
+				return Err(Error::Message(
+					"New cluster layout is invalid, discarding.".into(),
+				));
+			}
+
+			let ring = Ring::new(layout.clone(), self.replication_factor);
 			update_ring.send(Arc::new(ring))?;
 			drop(update_ring);

 			let self2 = self.clone();
-			let adv = adv.clone();
 			self.background.spawn_cancellable(async move {
 				self2
 					.rpc
 					.broadcast(
 						&self2.system_endpoint,
-						SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(adv),
+						SystemRpc::AdvertiseClusterLayout(layout),
 						RequestStrategy::with_priority(PRIO_HIGH),
 					)
 					.await;
 				Ok(())
 			});
-			self.background.spawn(self.clone().save_network_config());
+			self.background.spawn(self.clone().save_cluster_layout());
 		}

 		Ok(SystemRpc::Ok)
@@ -457,14 +471,15 @@ impl System {
 		};

 		while !*stop_signal.borrow() {
-			let not_configured = self.ring.borrow().config.members.is_empty();
+			let not_configured = !self.ring.borrow().layout.check();
 			let no_peers = self.fullmesh.get_peer_list().len() < self.replication_factor;
+			let expected_n_nodes = self.ring.borrow().layout.num_nodes();
 			let bad_peers = self
 				.fullmesh
 				.get_peer_list()
 				.iter()
 				.filter(|p| p.is_up())
-				.count() != self.ring.borrow().config.members.len();
+				.count() != expected_n_nodes;

 			if not_configured || no_peers || bad_peers {
 				info!("Doing a bootstrap/discovery step (not_configured: {}, no_peers: {}, bad_peers: {})", not_configured, no_peers, bad_peers);
@@ -498,13 +513,7 @@ impl System {
 				}
 			}

-			let peer_list = self
-				.fullmesh
-				.get_peer_list()
-				.iter()
-				.map(|n| (n.id.into(), n.addr))
-				.collect::<Vec<_>>();
-			if let Err(e) = self.persist_peer_list.save_async(&peer_list).await {
+			if let Err(e) = self.save_peer_list().await {
 				warn!("Could not save peer list to file: {}", e);
 			}

@@ -518,18 +527,40 @@ impl System {
 		}
 	}

-	async fn pull_config(self: Arc<Self>, peer: Uuid) {
+	async fn save_peer_list(&self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		// Prepare new peer list to save to file
+		// It is a vec of tuples (node ID as Uuid, node SocketAddr)
+		let mut peer_list = self
+			.fullmesh
+			.get_peer_list()
+			.iter()
+			.map(|n| (n.id.into(), n.addr))
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+		// Before doing it, we read the current peer list file (if it exists)
+		// and append it to the list we are about to save,
+		// so that no peer ID gets lost in the process.
+		if let Ok(mut prev_peer_list) = self.persist_peer_list.load_async().await {
+			prev_peer_list.retain(|(id, _ip)| peer_list.iter().all(|(id2, _ip2)| id2 != id));
+			peer_list.extend(prev_peer_list);
+		}
+
+		// Save new peer list to file
+		self.persist_peer_list.save_async(&peer_list).await
+	}
+
+	async fn pull_cluster_layout(self: Arc<Self>, peer: Uuid) {
 		let resp = self
 			.rpc
 			.call(
 				&self.system_endpoint,
 				peer,
-				SystemRpc::PullConfig,
+				SystemRpc::PullClusterLayout,
 				RequestStrategy::with_priority(PRIO_HIGH).with_timeout(PING_TIMEOUT),
 			)
 			.await;
-		if let Ok(SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(config)) = resp {
-			let _: Result<_, _> = self.handle_advertise_config(&config).await;
+		if let Ok(SystemRpc::AdvertiseClusterLayout(layout)) = resp {
+			let _: Result<_, _> = self.handle_advertise_cluster_layout(&layout).await;
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -539,9 +570,11 @@ impl EndpointHandler<SystemRpc> for System {
 	async fn handle(self: &Arc<Self>, msg: &SystemRpc, from: NodeID) -> Result<SystemRpc, Error> {
 		match msg {
 			SystemRpc::Connect(node) => self.handle_connect(node).await,
-			SystemRpc::PullConfig => Ok(self.handle_pull_config()),
+			SystemRpc::PullClusterLayout => Ok(self.handle_pull_cluster_layout()),
 			SystemRpc::AdvertiseStatus(adv) => self.handle_advertise_status(from.into(), adv).await,
-			SystemRpc::AdvertiseConfig(adv) => self.clone().handle_advertise_config(&adv).await,
+			SystemRpc::AdvertiseClusterLayout(adv) => {
+				self.clone().handle_advertise_cluster_layout(adv).await
+			}
 			SystemRpc::GetKnownNodes => Ok(self.handle_get_known_nodes()),
 			_ => Err(Error::BadRpc("Unexpected RPC message".to_string())),
 		}
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "garage_table"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 authors = ["Alex Auvolat <alex@adnab.me>"]
 edition = "2018"
 license = "AGPL-3.0"
 description = "Table sharding and replication engine (DynamoDB-like) for the Garage object store"
 repository = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage"
+readme = "../../README.md"

 [lib]
 path = "lib.rs"
@@ -13,8 +14,8 @@ path = "lib.rs"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

 [dependencies]
-garage_rpc = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../rpc" }
-garage_util = { version = "0.4.0", path = "../util" }
+garage_rpc = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../rpc" }
+garage_util = { version = "0.5.0", path = "../util" }

 async-trait = "0.1.7"
 bytes = "1.0"
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use garage_util::error::*;
 use garage_rpc::system::System;

 use crate::crdt::Crdt;
+use crate::gc::GcTodoEntry;
 use crate::replication::*;
 use crate::schema::*;

@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ where
 			.expect("Unable to open DB Merkle TODO tree");

 		let gc_todo = db
-			.open_tree(&format!("{}:gc_todo", name))
+			.open_tree(&format!("{}:gc_todo_v2", name))
 			.expect("Unable to open DB tree");

 		Arc::new(Self {
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ where
 				let pk_hash = Hash::try_from(&tree_key[..32]).unwrap();
 				let nodes = self.replication.write_nodes(&pk_hash);
 				if nodes.first() == Some(&self.system.id) {
-					self.gc_todo.insert(&tree_key, new_bytes_hash.as_slice())?;
+					GcTodoEntry::new(tree_key, new_bytes_hash).save(&self.gc_todo)?;
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::convert::TryInto;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;

@@ -12,7 +13,8 @@ use futures_util::future::*;
 use tokio::sync::watch;

 use garage_util::data::*;
-use garage_util::error::Error;
+use garage_util::error::*;
+use garage_util::time::*;

 use garage_rpc::system::System;
 use garage_rpc::*;
@@ -24,7 +26,12 @@ use crate::schema::*;
 const TABLE_GC_BATCH_SIZE: usize = 1024;
 const TABLE_GC_RPC_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);

-pub struct TableGc<F: TableSchema + 'static, R: TableReplication + 'static> {
+// GC delay for table entries: 1 day (24 hours)
+// (the delay before the entry is added in the GC todo list
+// and the moment the garbage collection actually happens)
+const TABLE_GC_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_secs(24 * 3600);
+
+pub(crate) struct TableGc<F: TableSchema + 'static, R: TableReplication + 'static> {
 	system: Arc<System>,
 	data: Arc<TableData<F, R>>,

@@ -72,63 +79,100 @@ where
 	async fn gc_loop(self: Arc<Self>, mut must_exit: watch::Receiver<bool>) {
 		while !*must_exit.borrow() {
 			match self.gc_loop_iter().await {
-				Ok(true) => {
+				Ok(None) => {
 					// Stuff was done, loop immediately
-					continue;
 				}
-				Ok(false) => {
-					// Nothing was done, sleep for some time (below)
+				Ok(Some(wait_delay)) => {
+					// Nothing was done, wait specified delay.
+					select! {
+						_ = tokio::time::sleep(wait_delay).fuse() => {},
+						_ = must_exit.changed().fuse() => {},
+					}
 				}
 				Err(e) => {
 					warn!("({}) Error doing GC: {}", self.data.name, e);
 				}
 			}
-			select! {
-				_ = tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)).fuse() => {},
-				_ = must_exit.changed().fuse() => {},
-			}
 		}
 	}

-	async fn gc_loop_iter(&self) -> Result<bool, Error> {
+	async fn gc_loop_iter(&self) -> Result<Option<Duration>, Error> {
+		let now = now_msec();
+
 		let mut entries = vec![];
 		let mut excluded = vec![];

-		for item in self.data.gc_todo.iter() {
-			let (k, vhash) = item?;
+		// List entries in the GC todo list
+		// These entries are put there when a tombstone is inserted in the table
+		// (see update_entry in data.rs)
+		for entry_kv in self.data.gc_todo.iter() {
+			let (k, vhash) = entry_kv?;
+			let mut todo_entry = GcTodoEntry::parse(&k, &vhash);
+
+			if todo_entry.deletion_time() > now {
+				if entries.is_empty() && excluded.is_empty() {
+					// If the earliest entry in the todo list shouldn't yet be processed,
+					// return a duration to wait in the loop
+					return Ok(Some(Duration::from_millis(
+						todo_entry.deletion_time() - now,
+					)));
+				} else {
+					// Otherwise we have some entries to process, do a normal iteration.
+					break;
+				}
+			}

 			let vhash = Hash::try_from(&vhash[..]).unwrap();

-			let v_opt = self
+			// Check if the tombstone is still the current value of the entry.
+			// If not, we don't actually want to GC it, and we will remove it
+			// from the gc_todo table later (below).
+			todo_entry.value = self
 				.data
 				.store
 				.get(&k[..])?
-				.filter(|v| blake2sum(&v[..]) == vhash);
+				.filter(|v| blake2sum(&v[..]) == vhash)
+				.map(|v| v.to_vec());

-			if let Some(v) = v_opt {
-				entries.push((ByteBuf::from(k.to_vec()), vhash, ByteBuf::from(v.to_vec())));
+			if todo_entry.value.is_some() {
+				entries.push(todo_entry);
 				if entries.len() >= TABLE_GC_BATCH_SIZE {
 					break;
 				}
 			} else {
-				excluded.push((k, vhash));
+				excluded.push(todo_entry);
 			}
 		}

-		for (k, vhash) in excluded {
-			self.todo_remove_if_equal(&k[..], vhash)?;
+		// Remove from gc_todo entries for tombstones where we have
+		// detected that the current value has changed and
+		// is no longer a tombstone.
+		for entry in excluded {
+			entry.remove_if_equal(&self.data.gc_todo)?;
 		}

+		// Remaining in `entries` is the list of entries we want to GC,
+		// and for which they are still currently tombstones in the table.
+
 		if entries.is_empty() {
-			// Nothing to do in this iteration
-			return Ok(false);
+			// Nothing to do in this iteration (no entries present)
+			// Wait for a default delay of 60 seconds
+			return Ok(Some(Duration::from_secs(60)));
 		}

 		debug!("({}) GC: doing {} items", self.data.name, entries.len());

+		// Split entries to GC by the set of nodes on which they are stored.
+		// Here we call them partitions but they are not exactly
+		// the same as partitions as defined in the ring: those partitions
+		// are defined by the first 8 bits of the hash, but two of these
+		// partitions can be stored on the same set of nodes.
+		// Here we detect when entries are stored on the same set of nodes:
+		// even if they are not in the same 8-bit partition, we can still
+		// handle them together.
 		let mut partitions = HashMap::new();
-		for (k, vhash, v) in entries {
-			let pkh = Hash::try_from(&k[..32]).unwrap();
+		for entry in entries {
+			let pkh = Hash::try_from(&entry.key[..32]).unwrap();
 			let mut nodes = self.data.replication.write_nodes(&pkh);
 			nodes.retain(|x| *x != self.system.id);
 			nodes.sort();
@@ -136,9 +180,12 @@ where
 			if !partitions.contains_key(&nodes) {
 				partitions.insert(nodes.clone(), vec![]);
 			}
-			partitions.get_mut(&nodes).unwrap().push((k, vhash, v));
+			partitions.get_mut(&nodes).unwrap().push(entry);
 		}

+		// For each set of nodes that contains some items,
+		// ensure they are aware of the tombstone status, and once they
+		// are, instruct them to delete the entries.
 		let resps = join_all(
 			partitions
 				.into_iter()
@@ -146,6 +193,8 @@ where
 		)
 		.await;

+		// Collect errors and return a single error value even if several
+		// errors occurred.
 		let mut errs = vec![];
 		for resp in resps {
 			if let Err(e) = resp {
@@ -154,7 +203,7 @@ where
 		}

 		if errs.is_empty() {
-			Ok(true)
+			Ok(None)
 		} else {
 			Err(Error::Message(
 				errs.into_iter()
@@ -162,23 +211,42 @@ where
 					.collect::<Vec<_>>()
 					.join(", "),
 			))
+			.err_context("in try_send_and_delete in table GC:")
 		}
 	}

 	async fn try_send_and_delete(
 		&self,
 		nodes: Vec<Uuid>,
-		items: Vec<(ByteBuf, Hash, ByteBuf)>,
+		mut items: Vec<GcTodoEntry>,
 	) -> Result<(), Error> {
 		let n_items = items.len();

+		// Strategy: we first send all of the values to the remote nodes,
+		// to ensure that they are aware of the tombstone state,
+		// and that the previous state was correctly overwritten
+		// (if they have a newer state that overrides the tombstone, that's fine).
+		// Second, once everyone is at least at the tombstone state,
+		// we instruct everyone to delete the tombstone IF that is still their current state.
+		// If they are now at a different state, it means that that state overrides the
+		// tombstone in the CRDT lattice, and it will be propagated back to us at some point
+		// (either just a regular update that hasn't reached us yet, or later when the
+		// table is synced).
+
+		// Here, we store in updates all of the tombstones to send for step 1,
+		// and in deletes the list of keys and hashes of value for step 2.
 		let mut updates = vec![];
 		let mut deletes = vec![];
-		for (k, vhash, v) in items {
-			updates.push(v);
-			deletes.push((k, vhash));
+		for item in items.iter_mut() {
+			updates.push(ByteBuf::from(item.value.take().unwrap()));
+			deletes.push((ByteBuf::from(item.key.clone()), item.value_hash));
 		}

+		// Step 1: ensure everyone is at least at tombstone in CRDT lattice
+		// Here the quorum is nodes.len(): we cannot tolerate even a single failure,
+		// otherwise old values before the tombstone might come back in the data.
+		// GC'ing is not a critical function of the system, so it's not a big
+		// deal if we can't do it right now.
 		self.system
 			.rpc
 			.try_call_many(
@@ -189,40 +257,43 @@ where
 					.with_quorum(nodes.len())
 					.with_timeout(TABLE_GC_RPC_TIMEOUT),
 			)
-			.await?;
+			.await
+			.err_context("GC: send tombstones")?;

 		info!(
 			"({}) GC: {} items successfully pushed, will try to delete.",
 			self.data.name, n_items
 		);

+		// Step 2: delete tombstones everywhere.
+		// Here we also fail if even a single node returns a failure:
+		// it means that the garbage collection wasn't completed and has
+		// to be retried later.
 		self.system
 			.rpc
 			.try_call_many(
 				&self.endpoint,
 				&nodes[..],
-				GcRpc::DeleteIfEqualHash(deletes.clone()),
+				GcRpc::DeleteIfEqualHash(deletes),
 				RequestStrategy::with_priority(PRIO_BACKGROUND)
 					.with_quorum(nodes.len())
 					.with_timeout(TABLE_GC_RPC_TIMEOUT),
 			)
-			.await?;
+			.await
+			.err_context("GC: remote delete tombstones")?;

-		for (k, vhash) in deletes {
-			self.data.delete_if_equal_hash(&k[..], vhash)?;
-			self.todo_remove_if_equal(&k[..], vhash)?;
+		// GC has been successfull for all of these entries.
+		// We now remove them all from our local table and from the GC todo list.
+		for item in items {
+			self.data
+				.delete_if_equal_hash(&item.key[..], item.value_hash)
+				.err_context("GC: local delete tombstones")?;
+			item.remove_if_equal(&self.data.gc_todo)
+				.err_context("GC: remove from todo list after successfull GC")?;
 		}

 		Ok(())
 	}
-
-	fn todo_remove_if_equal(&self, key: &[u8], vhash: Hash) -> Result<(), Error> {
-		let _ = self
-			.data
-			.gc_todo
-			.compare_and_swap::<_, _, Vec<u8>>(key, Some(vhash), None)?;
-		Ok(())
-	}
 }

 #[async_trait]
@@ -240,7 +311,6 @@ where
 			GcRpc::DeleteIfEqualHash(items) => {
 				for (key, vhash) in items.iter() {
 					self.data.delete_if_equal_hash(&key[..], *vhash)?;
-					self.todo_remove_if_equal(&key[..], *vhash)?;
 				}
 				Ok(GcRpc::Ok)
 			}
@@ -248,3 +318,77 @@ where
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+/// An entry stored in the gc_todo Sled tree associated with the table
+/// Contains helper function for parsing, saving, and removing
+/// such entry in Sled
+///
+/// Format of an entry:
+/// - key =    8 bytes: timestamp of tombstone
+///                     (used to implement GC delay)
+///            n bytes: key in the main data table
+/// - value =  hash of the table entry to delete (the tombstone)
+///            for verification purpose, because we don't want to delete
+///            things that aren't tombstones
+pub(crate) struct GcTodoEntry {
+	tombstone_timestamp: u64,
+	key: Vec<u8>,
+	value_hash: Hash,
+	value: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+}
+
+impl GcTodoEntry {
+	/// Creates a new GcTodoEntry (not saved in Sled) from its components:
+	/// the key of an entry in the table, and the hash of the associated
+	/// serialized value
+	pub(crate) fn new(key: Vec<u8>, value_hash: Hash) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			tombstone_timestamp: now_msec(),
+			key,
+			value_hash,
+			value: None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Parses a GcTodoEntry from a (k, v) pair stored in the gc_todo tree
+	pub(crate) fn parse(sled_k: &[u8], sled_v: &[u8]) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			tombstone_timestamp: u64::from_be_bytes(sled_k[0..8].try_into().unwrap()),
+			key: sled_k[8..].to_vec(),
+			value_hash: Hash::try_from(sled_v).unwrap(),
+			value: None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Saves the GcTodoEntry in the gc_todo tree
+	pub(crate) fn save(&self, gc_todo_tree: &sled::Tree) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		gc_todo_tree.insert(self.todo_table_key(), self.value_hash.as_slice())?;
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	/// Removes the GcTodoEntry from the gc_todo tree if the
+	/// hash of the serialized value is the same here as in the tree.
+	/// This is usefull to remove a todo entry only under the condition
+	/// that it has not changed since the time it was read, i.e.
+	/// what we have to do is still the same
+	pub(crate) fn remove_if_equal(&self, gc_todo_tree: &sled::Tree) -> Result<(), Error> {
+		let _ = gc_todo_tree.compare_and_swap::<_, _, Vec<u8>>(
+			&self.todo_table_key()[..],
+			Some(self.value_hash),
+			None,
+		)?;
+		Ok(())
+	}
+
+	fn todo_table_key(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+		[
+			&u64::to_be_bytes(self.tombstone_timestamp)[..],
+			&self.key[..],
+		]
+		.concat()
+	}
+
+	fn deletion_time(&self) -> u64 {
+		self.tombstone_timestamp + TABLE_GC_DELAY.as_millis() as u64
+	}
+}
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate log;

-pub mod crdt;
 pub mod schema;
 pub mod util;

@@ -18,3 +17,7 @@ pub mod table;
 pub use schema::*;
 pub use table::*;
 pub use util::*;
+
+pub mod crdt {
+	pub use garage_util::crdt::*;
+}
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ where
 		// Calculate an update to apply to this node
 		// This update is an Option<_>, so that it is None if the update is a no-op
 		// and we can thus skip recalculating and re-storing everything
-		let mutate = match self.read_node_txn(tx, &key)? {
+		let mutate = match self.read_node_txn(tx, key)? {
 			MerkleNode::Empty => new_vhash.map(|vhv| MerkleNode::Leaf(k.to_vec(), vhv)),
 			MerkleNode::Intermediate(mut children) => {
 				let key2 = key.next_key(khash);
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ where
 		};

 		if let Some(new_node) = mutate {
-			let hash = self.put_node_txn(tx, &key, &new_node)?;
+			let hash = self.put_node_txn(tx, key, &new_node)?;
 			Ok(Some(hash))
 		} else {
 			Ok(None)
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ impl TableReplication for TableFullReplication {

 	fn write_nodes(&self, _hash: &Hash) -> Vec<Uuid> {
 		let ring = self.system.ring.borrow();
-		ring.config.members.keys().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+		ring.layout.node_ids().to_vec()
 	}
 	fn write_quorum(&self) -> usize {
-		let nmembers = self.system.ring.borrow().config.members.len();
+		let nmembers = self.system.ring.borrow().layout.node_ids().len();
 		if nmembers > self.max_faults {
 			nmembers - self.max_faults
 		} else {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub struct TableShardedReplication {
 impl TableReplication for TableShardedReplication {
 	fn read_nodes(&self, hash: &Hash) -> Vec<Uuid> {
 		let ring = self.system.ring.borrow();
-		ring.get_nodes(&hash, self.replication_factor)
+		ring.get_nodes(hash, self.replication_factor)
 	}
 	fn read_quorum(&self) -> usize {
 		self.read_quorum
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl TableReplication for TableShardedReplication {

 	fn write_nodes(&self, hash: &Hash) -> Vec<Uuid> {
 		let ring = self.system.ring.borrow();
-		ring.get_nodes(&hash, self.replication_factor)
+		ring.get_nodes(hash, self.replication_factor)
 	}
 	fn write_quorum(&self) -> usize {
 		self.write_quorum
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ where
 				let nodes = self
 					.data
 					.replication
-					.write_nodes(&begin)
+					.write_nodes(begin)
 					.into_iter()
 					.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 				if nodes.contains(&self.system.id) {
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ where
 				Ok(SyncRpc::RootCkDifferent(hash != *h))
 			}
 			SyncRpc::GetNode(k) => {
-				let node = self.merkle.read_node(&k)?;
+				let node = self.merkle.read_node(k)?;
 				Ok(SyncRpc::Node(k.clone(), node))
 			}
 			SyncRpc::Items(items) => {
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "garage_util"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.5.0"
 authors = ["Alex Auvolat <alex@adnab.me>"]
 edition = "2018"
 license = "AGPL-3.0"
 description = "Utility crate for the Garage object store"
 repository = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage"
+readme = "../../README.md"

 [lib]
 path = "lib.rs"
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ toml = "0.5"
 futures = "0.3"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["rt", "rt-multi-thread", "io-util", "net", "time", "macros", "sync", "signal", "fs"] }

-netapp = { version = "0.3.0", git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp" }
+#netapp = { version = "0.3.0", git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/lx/netapp" }
+netapp = "0.3.0"
+
 http = "0.2"
 hyper = "0.14"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub struct Config {
 	pub rpc_public_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,

 	/// Bootstrap peers RPC address
-	#[serde(deserialize_with = "deserialize_vec_addr")]
+	#[serde(deserialize_with = "deserialize_vec_addr", default)]
 	pub bootstrap_peers: Vec<(NodeID, SocketAddr)>,
 	/// Consul host to connect to to discover more peers
 	pub consul_host: Option<String>,
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ pub struct ApiConfig {
 	pub api_bind_addr: SocketAddr,
 	/// S3 region to use
 	pub s3_region: String,
+	/// Suffix to remove from domain name to find bucket. If None,
+	/// vhost-style S3 request are disabled
+	pub root_domain: Option<String>,
 }

 /// Configuration for serving files as normal web server
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use garage_util::data::*;
+use crate::data::*;

 /// Definition of a CRDT - all CRDT Rust types implement this.
 ///
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

-use garage_util::time::now_msec;
+use crate::time::now_msec;

 use crate::crdt::crdt::*;

@@ -104,11 +106,15 @@ where
 	T: Clone + Crdt,
 {
 	fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
-		if other.ts > self.ts {
-			self.ts = other.ts;
-			self.v = other.v.clone();
-		} else if other.ts == self.ts {
-			self.v.merge(&other.v);
+		match other.ts.cmp(&self.ts) {
+			Ordering::Greater => {
+				self.ts = other.ts;
+				self.v = other.v.clone();
+			}
+			Ordering::Equal => {
+				self.v.merge(&other.v);
+			}
+			Ordering::Less => (),
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

-use garage_util::time::now_msec;
+use crate::time::now_msec;

 use crate::crdt::crdt::*;

@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ where
 	}
 	/// Get a reference to the value assigned to a key
 	pub fn get(&self, k: &K) -> Option<&V> {
-		match self.vals.binary_search_by(|(k2, _, _)| k2.cmp(&k)) {
+		match self.vals.binary_search_by(|(k2, _, _)| k2.cmp(k)) {
 			Ok(i) => Some(&self.vals[i].2),
 			Err(_) => None,
 		}
@@ -132,14 +134,18 @@ where
 {
 	fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
 		for (k, ts2, v2) in other.vals.iter() {
-			match self.vals.binary_search_by(|(k2, _, _)| k2.cmp(&k)) {
+			match self.vals.binary_search_by(|(k2, _, _)| k2.cmp(k)) {
 				Ok(i) => {
 					let (_, ts1, _v1) = &self.vals[i];
-					if ts2 > ts1 {
-						self.vals[i].1 = *ts2;
-						self.vals[i].2 = v2.clone();
-					} else if ts1 == ts2 {
-						self.vals[i].2.merge(&v2);
+					match ts2.cmp(ts1) {
+						Ordering::Greater => {
+							self.vals[i].1 = *ts2;
+							self.vals[i].2 = v2.clone();
+						}
+						Ordering::Equal => {
+							self.vals[i].2.merge(v2);
+						}
+						Ordering::Less => (),
 					}
 				}
 				Err(i) => {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ where

 	/// Get a reference to the value assigned to a key
 	pub fn get(&self, k: &K) -> Option<&V> {
-		match self.vals.binary_search_by(|(k2, _)| k2.cmp(&k)) {
+		match self.vals.binary_search_by(|(k2, _)| k2.cmp(k)) {
 			Ok(i) => Some(&self.vals[i].1),
 			Err(_) => None,
 		}
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ where
 {
 	fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
 		for (k, v2) in other.vals.iter() {
-			match self.vals.binary_search_by(|(k2, _)| k2.cmp(&k)) {
+			match self.vals.binary_search_by(|(k2, _)| k2.cmp(k)) {
 				Ok(i) => {
-					self.vals[i].1.merge(&v2);
+					self.vals[i].1.merge(v2);
 				}
 				Err(i) => {
 					self.vals.insert(i, (k.clone(), v2.clone()));
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ pub enum Error {
 	#[error(display = "Tokio join error: {}", _0)]
 	TokioJoin(#[error(source)] tokio::task::JoinError),

+	#[error(display = "Tokio semaphore acquire error: {}", _0)]
+	TokioSemAcquire(#[error(source)] tokio::sync::AcquireError),
+
 	#[error(display = "Remote error: {}", _0)]
 	RemoteError(String),

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ extern crate log;

 pub mod background;
 pub mod config;
+pub mod crdt;
 pub mod data;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod persister;
 pub mod time;
+pub mod token_bucket;
+pub mod tranquilizer;
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use tokio::time::sleep;
+
+pub struct TokenBucket {
+	// Replenish rate: number of tokens per second
+	replenish_rate: u64,
+	// Current number of tokens
+	tokens: u64,
+	// Last replenish time
+	last_replenish: Instant,
+}
+
+impl TokenBucket {
+	pub fn new(replenish_rate: u64) -> Self {
+		Self {
+			replenish_rate,
+			tokens: 0,
+			last_replenish: Instant::now(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub async fn take(&mut self, tokens: u64) {
+		while self.tokens < tokens {
+			let needed = tokens - self.tokens;
+			let delay = (needed as f64) / (self.replenish_rate as f64);
+			sleep(Duration::from_secs_f64(delay)).await;
+			self.replenish();
+		}
+		self.tokens -= tokens;
+	}
+
+	pub fn replenish(&mut self) {
+		let now = Instant::now();
+		let new_tokens =
+			((now - self.last_replenish).as_secs_f64() * (self.replenish_rate as f64)) as u64;
+		self.tokens += new_tokens;
+		self.last_replenish = now;
+	}
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Alex Auvolat	4b369347c0	S3 compatibility target	2021-12-06 17:18:45 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	224c89ad6e	Reorganize and improve documentation	2021-12-06 16:33:01 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	7c2037ba87	WIP front page garage	2021-12-06 15:33:43 +01:00
trinity-1686a	c4ac8835d3	add proper request router for s3 api (#163 ) fix #161 Current request router was organically grown, and is getting messier and messier with each addition. This router cover exaustively existing API endpoints (with exceptions listed in [#161(comment)](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/161#issuecomment-1773) either because new and old api endpoint can't feasabily be differentied, or it's more lambda than s3). Co-authored-by: Trinity Pointard <trinity.pointard@gmail.com> Reviewed-on: https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/pulls/163 Reviewed-by: Alex <alex@adnab.me> Co-authored-by: trinity-1686a <trinity.pointard@gmail.com> Co-committed-by: trinity-1686a <trinity.pointard@gmail.com>	2021-12-06 15:17:47 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	ccce75bc25	Remove TODO and genkeys.sh	2021-12-06 13:15:50 +01:00
trinity-1686a	7f26ed55cd	Improved handling of HTTP ranges - correct HTTP code when range syntax is invalid (fix #140) - when multiple ranges are given, simply ignore and send whole file Co-authored-by: Trinity Pointard <trinity.pointard@gmail.com> Reviewed-on: https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/pulls/157 Reviewed-by: Alex <alex@adnab.me> Co-authored-by: trinity-1686a <trinity.pointard@gmail.com> Co-committed-by: trinity-1686a <trinity.pointard@gmail.com>	2021-11-29 11:52:42 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	8811bb08e6	In ListBuckets, hide entry if no perms	2021-11-22 12:10:28 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	85b2e4ca29	Start socat only once Fixes #124	2021-11-17 10:59:32 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	c94406f428	Improve how node roles are assigned in Garage - change the terminology: the network configuration becomes the role table, the configuration of a nodes becomes a node's role - the modification of the role table takes place in two steps: first, changes are staged in a CRDT data structure. Then, once the user is happy with the changes, they can commit them all at once (or revert them). - update documentation - fix tests - implement smarter partition assignation algorithm This patch breaks the format of the network configuration: when migrating, the cluster will be in a state where no roles are assigned. All roles must be re-assigned and commited at once. This migration should not pose an issue.	2021-11-16 16:05:53 +01:00
Trinity Pointard	53888995bd	update doc and comments	2021-11-16 15:41:41 +01:00
Trinity Pointard	f0893b904d	update cargo.nix	2021-11-16 15:41:41 +01:00
Trinity Pointard	396fe4c702	clippy	2021-11-16 15:41:41 +01:00
Trinity Pointard	02158ee666	fix issue where list on vhost-bucket would list bucket instead of bucket content	2021-11-16 15:41:41 +01:00
Trinity Pointard	57df9c6e2d	add s3_api.root_domain to doc book	2021-11-16 15:41:41 +01:00
Trinity Pointard	9c58ec28d3	add support for vhost-style s3 bucket	2021-11-16 15:41:41 +01:00
adrien	cdeb5b4dbb	added link to RFID Garage talk (#155 ) Co-authored-by: ADRN <adrien@luxeylab.net> Reviewed-on: https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/pulls/155 Co-authored-by: adrien <adrien@luxeylab.net> Co-committed-by: adrien <adrien@luxeylab.net>	2021-11-16 15:39:08 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	100aad8bf4	Add rclone mount doc	2021-11-10 18:38:17 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	80a87929b0	Improve CLI documentation	2021-11-10 18:18:34 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	76d21be1b9	Add skeleton for backups, fuse and code sections	2021-11-10 18:05:07 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	1928f59d54	Add documentation for Gitea.	2021-11-10 12:41:09 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	323514be15	Documentation for Nix binary cache	2021-11-10 10:02:22 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	ad8d5139cf	hugo deploy does not build website, fix doc	2021-11-10 10:02:22 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	08b1e8a7ea	Move design draft to separate file; write about GC in internals	2021-11-09 12:25:33 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	ad7ab31411	Implement GC delay for table data	2021-11-08 15:47:47 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	74a7a550eb	Safety: never voluntarily delete block in 10min interval after RC reaches zero	2021-11-08 15:47:47 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	cc255d46cd	Refactor and comment table GC logic	2021-11-08 15:47:44 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	8e25a37f0e	Add documentation for nginx	2021-11-08 12:20:40 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	e342db19aa	Add documentation about Gateways	2021-11-08 12:20:40 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	f3405b6378	Doc about exposing your website	2021-11-08 12:20:40 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	860ccf2811	Harden Garage's systemd service	2021-11-08 12:20:40 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	9df7559446	Documentation for hugo, jekyll and publii	2021-11-08 12:20:40 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	a97467075d	Add documentation for synapse-s3-storage-provider	2021-11-08 12:20:40 +01:00
Trinity Pointard	9d7535c3f5	allow missing bootstrap_peers in garage.toml	2021-11-05 16:36:25 +01:00
Trinity Pointard	da6efb4b23	fix missing bootstrap_peers in doc	2021-11-05 11:21:50 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	e8811f7c9d	Request strategy: don't launch all 3 requests if not needed	2021-11-04 16:19:27 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	2090a6187f	Add tranquilizer mechanism to improve on token bucket mechanism	2021-11-04 13:26:59 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	6f13d083ab	Add semaphore to limit RAM used by buffered outgoing requests	2021-11-03 18:02:57 +01:00
Alex Auvolat	8c4f418fe8	Fix peer list persistence: do not forget previous peers	2021-11-03 17:34:44 +01:00
Jill	bef6d627b0	Add environment variables equivalents for some CLI options.	2021-11-03 16:00:57 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	e93d7fb228	Add Peertube + improve CLI instructions	2021-11-03 14:39:14 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	eaf54efb25	Add doc for Nextcloud	2021-11-03 14:07:55 +01:00
Quentin Dufour	93f8d59e4c	Extract toolchain build from the CI	2021-10-29 11:34:01 +02:00
Quentin Dufour	cc1caa87fb	Use Rust binaries from Nix instead of rustup	2021-10-29 11:34:01 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	69b89fb46d	Fix race in block resync	2021-10-27 12:01:12 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	6b47c294f5	Refactoring on repair commands	2021-10-27 11:14:55 +02:00
Trinity Pointard	28c015d9ff	add cli parameter to verify local bloc integrity reuse code for listing local blocks add disk i/o speed limit on integrity check	2021-10-27 10:31:03 +02:00
ADRN	4e8af1d956	Modified the 'Funding' sentence to remove 'promise' since we actually got the first instalment	2021-10-26 13:34:28 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	3e7f766d95	CLI: default rpc_host	2021-10-26 11:36:30 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	43e13a501d	Use published netapp crate instead of git repo	2021-10-26 10:36:57 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	ada7899b24	Fix clippy lints (fix #121 )	2021-10-26 10:20:05 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	b2c51844a1	Add download link on homepage	2021-10-25 15:55:30 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	f6ebcbc7a7	Disable i686 and armv6l pipelines for now	2021-10-25 15:25:01 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	df8a4068d9	Refactor block manager code, and hopefully fix deadlock	2021-10-25 14:21:51 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	de4276202a	Improve CLI, adapt tests, update documentation	2021-10-25 14:21:48 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	1b450c4b49	Improvements to CLI and various fixes for netapp version Discovery via consul, persist peer list to file	2021-10-22 16:55:24 +02:00
Alex Auvolat	4067797d01	First port of Garage to Netapp	2021-10-22 15:55:18 +02:00