certctl — Self-Hosted Certificate Lifecycle Platform

timeline
    title TLS Certificate Maximum Lifespan (CA/Browser Forum Ballot SC-081v3)
    2015 : 5 years
    2018 : 825 days
    2020 : 398 days
    March 2026 : 200 days
    March 2027 : 100 days
    March 2029 : 47 days

TLS certificate lifespans are shrinking fast. The CA/Browser Forum passed Ballot SC-081v3 unanimously in April 2025, setting a phased reduction: 200 days by March 2026, 100 days by March 2027, and 47 days by March 2029. Organizations managing dozens or hundreds of certificates can no longer rely on spreadsheets, calendar reminders, or manual renewal workflows. The math doesn't work — at 47-day lifespans, a team managing 100 certificates is processing 7+ renewals per week, every week, forever.

certctl is a self-hosted platform that automates the entire certificate lifecycle — from issuance through renewal to deployment — with zero human intervention. It works with any certificate authority, deploys to any server, and keeps private keys on your infrastructure where they belong.

Documentation

Guide	Description
Why certctl?	Competitive positioning — how certctl compares to open-source and enterprise certificate management platforms
Concepts	TLS certificates explained from scratch — for beginners who know nothing about certs
Quick Start	Get running in 5 minutes — dashboard, API, CLI, discovery, stakeholder demo flow
Advanced Demo	Issue a certificate end-to-end with technical deep-dives
Architecture	System design, data flow diagrams, security model
Feature Inventory	Complete reference of all V2 capabilities, API endpoints, and configuration
Connectors	Build custom issuer, target, and notifier connectors
Compliance Mapping	SOC 2 Type II, PCI-DSS 4.0, NIST SP 800-57 alignment guides

Why certctl Exists

Certificate lifecycle tooling today falls into two camps: expensive enterprise platforms (Venafi, Keyfactor, Sectigo) that cost six figures and take months to deploy, or single-purpose tools (cert-manager, certbot) that handle one slice of the problem. If you run a mixed infrastructure — some NGINX, some Apache, a few HAProxy nodes, maybe an F5 — and you need to manage certificates from multiple CAs, there's nothing self-hosted that covers the full lifecycle without vendor lock-in.

certctl fills that gap. It's CA-agnostic — the issuer connector interface means you can plug in any certificate authority: a self-signed local CA for dev, Let's Encrypt via ACME for public certs, Smallstep step-ca for your private PKI, your enterprise ADCS via sub-CA mode, or any custom CA through a shell script adapter. You're never locked to a single CA vendor, and you can run multiple issuers simultaneously for different certificate types.

It's also target-agnostic. Agents deploy certificates to NGINX, Apache, HAProxy, Traefik, and Caddy — all using the same pluggable connector model for any server that accepts cert files. The control plane never initiates outbound connections — agents poll for work, which means certctl works behind firewalls, across network zones, and in air-gapped environments.

For a detailed comparison with CertKit, KeyTalk, and enterprise platforms (Venafi, Keyfactor), see Why certctl?

What It Does

certctl gives you a single pane of glass for every TLS certificate in your organization:

• Web dashboard — full certificate inventory with status, ownership, expiration heatmaps, and bulk operations
• REST API — 95 endpoints under /api/v1/ + /.well-known/est/ for complete automation
• Agents — generate private keys locally, discover existing certs on disk, submit CSRs (private keys never leave your servers)
• Network scanner — discovers certificates on TLS endpoints across CIDR ranges without requiring agents
• EST server (RFC 7030) — device and WiFi certificate enrollment via industry-standard protocol
• Approval workflows — require human sign-off on renewals before deployment
• Background scheduler — watches expiration dates and triggers renewals automatically, handling constant rotation at 47-day lifespans without human involvement

For the full capability breakdown — revocation infrastructure, policy engine, observability, EST enrollment, and more — see the Feature Inventory.

Supported Integrations

Certificate Issuers

Issuer	Status	Type
Local CA (self-signed + sub-CA)	Implemented	GenericCA
ACME v2 (Let's Encrypt, Sectigo)	Implemented (HTTP-01 + DNS-01 + DNS-PERSIST-01)	ACME
ACME EAB (ZeroSSL, Google Trust)	Implemented (auto-fetch EAB from ZeroSSL)	ACME
step-ca	Implemented	StepCA
OpenSSL / Custom CA	Implemented	OpenSSL
Vault PKI	Future	—
DigiCert	Future	—

Note: ADCS integration is handled via the Local CA's sub-CA mode — certctl operates as a subordinate CA with its signing certificate issued by ADCS. Any CA with a shell-accessible signing interface can be integrated today via the OpenSSL/Custom CA connector.

Deployment Targets

Target	Status	Type
NGINX	Implemented	NGINX
Apache httpd	Implemented	Apache
HAProxy	Implemented	HAProxy
Traefik	Implemented	Traefik
Caddy	Implemented	Caddy
F5 BIG-IP	Interface only	F5
Microsoft IIS	Interface only	IIS

Notifiers

Notifier	Status	Type
Email (SMTP)	Implemented	Email
Webhooks	Implemented	Webhook
Slack	Implemented	Slack
Microsoft Teams	Implemented	Teams
PagerDuty	Implemented	PagerDuty
OpsGenie	Implemented	OpsGenie

All connectors are pluggable — build your own by implementing the connector interface.

Screenshots

Dashboard Stats, expiration heatmap, renewal trends	Certificates Inventory with status, owner, team filters	Agents Fleet health, OS/arch, IP, version
Fleet Overview OS distribution, status breakdown	Jobs Issuance, renewal, deployment queue	Notifications Expiration warnings, renewal results
Policies Ownership, lifetime, renewal rules	Profiles Key types, max TTL, crypto constraints	Issuers Local CA, ACME, step-ca connectors
Targets NGINX, Apache, HAProxy, Traefik, Caddy deployment	Owners Cert ownership with team assignment	Teams Org grouping for notification routing
Agent Groups Dynamic grouping by OS, arch, CIDR	Audit Trail Immutable log, CSV/JSON export	Short-Lived Creds Ephemeral certs with live TTL countdown

Quick Start

Docker Pull

docker pull shankar0123.docker.scarf.sh/certctl-server
docker pull shankar0123.docker.scarf.sh/certctl-agent

Docker Compose (Recommended)

git clone https://github.com/shankar0123/certctl.git
cd certctl
docker compose -f deploy/docker-compose.yml up -d --build

Wait ~30 seconds, then open http://localhost:8443 in your browser.

The dashboard comes pre-loaded with 15 demo certificates, 5 agents, policy rules, audit events, and notifications — a realistic snapshot of a certificate inventory so you can explore immediately.

Verify the API:

curl http://localhost:8443/health
# {"status":"healthy"}

curl -s http://localhost:8443/api/v1/certificates | jq '.total'
# 15

Manual Build

# Prerequisites: Go 1.25+, PostgreSQL 16+
go mod download
make build

# Set up database
export CERTCTL_DATABASE_URL="postgres://certctl:certctl@localhost:5432/certctl?sslmode=disable"
export CERTCTL_AUTH_TYPE=none
make migrate-up

# Start server
./bin/server

# Start agent (separate terminal)
export CERTCTL_SERVER_URL=http://localhost:8443
export CERTCTL_API_KEY=change-me-in-production
export CERTCTL_AGENT_NAME=local-agent
export CERTCTL_AGENT_ID=agent-local-01
./bin/agent --agent-id=agent-local-01

Architecture

Control plane (Go 1.25 net/http) → PostgreSQL 16 (21 tables, TEXT primary keys) → Agents (key generation, CSR submission, cert deployment). Background scheduler runs 6 loops: renewal checks (1h), job processing (30s), agent health (2m), notifications (1m), short-lived cert expiry (30s), network scanning (6h). See Architecture Guide for full system diagrams and data flow.

Key Design Decisions

• Private keys isolated from the control plane. Agents generate ECDSA P-256 keys locally and submit CSRs (public key only). The server signs the CSR and returns the certificate — private keys never touch the control plane. Server-side keygen is available via CERTCTL_KEYGEN_MODE=server for demo/development only.
• TEXT primary keys, not UUIDs. IDs are human-readable prefixed strings (mc-api-prod, t-platform, o-alice) so you can identify resource types at a glance in logs and queries.
• Handler → Service → Repository layering. Handlers define their own service interfaces for clean dependency inversion. No global service singletons.
• Idempotent migrations. All schema uses IF NOT EXISTS and seed data uses ON CONFLICT (id) DO NOTHING, safe for repeated execution.

PostgreSQL 16 with 21 tables covering certificates, versions, policies, issuers, targets, agents, jobs, teams, owners, profiles, agent groups, revocations, discovery, network scans, and audit events. See the Architecture Guide for the full schema.

Configuration

All environment variables use the CERTCTL_ prefix. Full reference below (39 variables across server, agent, and connector config).

Server — Core

Variable	Default	Description
CERTCTL_SERVER_HOST	127.0.0.1	Server bind address
CERTCTL_SERVER_PORT	8080	Server listen port (1–65535)
CERTCTL_DATABASE_URL	postgres://localhost/certctl	PostgreSQL connection string (required)
CERTCTL_DATABASE_MAX_CONNS	25	PostgreSQL connection pool size (min 1)
CERTCTL_DATABASE_MIGRATIONS_PATH	./migrations	Path to migration SQL files
CERTCTL_MAX_BODY_SIZE	1048576	Max HTTP request body in bytes (default 1MB)
CERTCTL_LOG_LEVEL	info	Log verbosity: debug, info, warn, error
CERTCTL_LOG_FORMAT	json	Log format: json (structured) or text (human-readable)

Server — Auth, CORS, Rate Limiting

Variable	Default	Description
CERTCTL_AUTH_TYPE	api-key	Auth mode: api-key, jwt, or none (demo only)
CERTCTL_AUTH_SECRET	—	Required for api-key and jwt auth types
CERTCTL_CORS_ORIGINS	(empty = deny all)	Comma-separated allowed origins, or * for dev
CERTCTL_RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED	true	Enable token bucket rate limiting
CERTCTL_RATE_LIMIT_RPS	50	Requests per second per client
CERTCTL_RATE_LIMIT_BURST	100	Max burst size
CERTCTL_KEYGEN_MODE	agent	Key generation: agent (production) or server (demo only)

Server — Scheduler

Variable	Default	Description
CERTCTL_SCHEDULER_RENEWAL_CHECK_INTERVAL	1h	How often to check expiring certs (min 1m)
CERTCTL_SCHEDULER_JOB_PROCESSOR_INTERVAL	30s	How often to process pending jobs (min 1s)
CERTCTL_SCHEDULER_AGENT_HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL	2m	Agent heartbeat check frequency (min 1s)
CERTCTL_SCHEDULER_NOTIFICATION_PROCESS_INTERVAL	1m	Notification send frequency (min 1s)

Server — Sub-CA Mode

Variable	Default	Description
CERTCTL_CA_CERT_PATH	—	PEM-encoded CA certificate for sub-CA mode
CERTCTL_CA_KEY_PATH	—	PEM-encoded CA private key (RSA, ECDSA, PKCS#8)

Server — Feature Flags

Variable	Default	Description
CERTCTL_EST_ENABLED	false	Enable RFC 7030 EST enrollment endpoints
CERTCTL_EST_ISSUER_ID	iss-local	Which issuer processes EST enrollments
CERTCTL_EST_PROFILE_ID	—	Constrain EST to a specific certificate profile
CERTCTL_NETWORK_SCAN_ENABLED	false	Enable server-side TLS network scanning
CERTCTL_NETWORK_SCAN_INTERVAL	6h	How often scheduled scans run
CERTCTL_VERIFY_DEPLOYMENT	true	TLS verification after certificate deployment
CERTCTL_VERIFY_TIMEOUT	10s	TLS probe timeout
CERTCTL_VERIFY_DELAY	2s	Delay before verification probe

Server — Notification Connectors

Variable	Default	Description
CERTCTL_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL	—	Slack incoming webhook URL (enables Slack)
CERTCTL_SLACK_CHANNEL	—	Override default webhook channel
CERTCTL_SLACK_USERNAME	certctl	Bot display name
CERTCTL_TEAMS_WEBHOOK_URL	—	Microsoft Teams webhook URL (enables Teams)
CERTCTL_PAGERDUTY_ROUTING_KEY	—	PagerDuty Events API v2 key (enables PagerDuty)
CERTCTL_PAGERDUTY_SEVERITY	warning	Event severity: info, warning, error, critical
CERTCTL_OPSGENIE_API_KEY	—	OpsGenie Alert API key (enables OpsGenie)
CERTCTL_OPSGENIE_PRIORITY	P3	Alert priority: P1–P5

Agent

Variable	Default	Description
CERTCTL_SERVER_URL	http://localhost:8080	Control plane URL
CERTCTL_API_KEY	—	Agent API key for authentication
CERTCTL_AGENT_ID	—	Registered agent ID (required)
CERTCTL_KEY_DIR	/var/lib/certctl/keys	Private key storage directory (0600 perms)
CERTCTL_DISCOVERY_DIRS	—	Directories to scan for existing certs (comma-separated)

Docker Compose overrides for the demo stack are in deploy/docker-compose.yml.

Development

# Install dev tools (golangci-lint, migrate CLI, air)
make install-tools

# Run tests
make test

# Run tests with race detection (same as CI)
go test -race ./internal/service/... ./internal/api/handler/... ./internal/api/middleware/... ./internal/scheduler/... ./internal/connector/... ./internal/domain/... ./internal/validation/...

# Run with coverage
make test-coverage

# Lint (runs golangci-lint with project config)
make lint

# Vulnerability scan
govulncheck ./...

# Format
make fmt

CI Pipeline

Every push and PR runs: go vet, go test -race (race detection), golangci-lint (11 linters including gosec and bodyclose), govulncheck (dependency CVE scanning), and per-layer coverage thresholds (service 60%, handler 60%, domain 40%, middleware 50%). Frontend CI runs TypeScript type checking, Vitest tests, and Vite production build. See .github/workflows/ci.yml for details.

Docker Compose

make docker-up          # Start stack (server + postgres + agent)
make docker-down        # Stop stack
make docker-logs-server # Server logs
make docker-logs-agent  # Agent logs
make docker-clean       # Stop + remove volumes

Security

Private Key Management

• Agent keygen mode (default): Agents generate ECDSA P-256 keys locally and store them with 0600 permissions in CERTCTL_KEY_DIR (default /var/lib/certctl/keys). Only the CSR (public key) is sent to the control plane. Private keys never leave agent infrastructure.
• Server keygen mode (demo only): Set CERTCTL_KEYGEN_MODE=server for development/demo with Local CA. The control plane generates RSA-2048 keys server-side. A log warning is emitted at startup.

Authentication

• Agent-to-server: API key (registered at agent creation)
• API key and JWT auth types supported; none for demo/development
• Auth type and secret configured via CERTCTL_AUTH_TYPE and CERTCTL_AUTH_SECRET

CORS

• Deny-by-default: Empty CERTCTL_CORS_ORIGINS blocks all cross-origin requests. Operators must explicitly list allowed origins (comma-separated) or set * for development.

Input Validation

• Shell command injection prevention on all connector scripts (strict character whitelist, no metacharacters)
• RFC 1123 domain name validation, base64url ACME token validation
• SSRF protection in network scanner (loopback, link-local, multicast, broadcast ranges filtered)

Concurrency Safety

• Scheduler loops protected by sync/atomic.Bool idempotency guards — duplicate ticks are skipped
• Graceful shutdown waits up to 30 seconds for in-flight work before database close

Audit Trail

• Immutable append-only log in PostgreSQL (audit_events table)
• Every lifecycle action attributed to an actor with timestamp and resource reference
• No update or delete operations on audit records
• Every API call recorded to audit trail with method, path, actor, SHA-256 body hash, response status, and latency

API Overview

95 endpoints under /api/v1/ + /.well-known/est/, all returning JSON. List endpoints support pagination, sparse field selection (?fields=), sort (?sort=-notAfter), time-range filters, and cursor-based pagination. Full request/response schemas in the OpenAPI 3.1 spec.

Key Endpoints

# Certificate lifecycle
GET    /api/v1/certificates              List (filter, sort, cursor, sparse fields)
POST   /api/v1/certificates/{id}/renew   Trigger renewal → 202 Accepted
POST   /api/v1/certificates/{id}/revoke  Revoke with RFC 5280 reason code
GET    /api/v1/certificates/{id}/export/pem    Export PEM (JSON or file download)
POST   /api/v1/certificates/{id}/export/pkcs12 Export PKCS#12 bundle (no private key)
GET    /api/v1/crl/{issuer_id}           DER-encoded X.509 CRL
GET    /api/v1/ocsp/{issuer_id}/{serial} OCSP responder (good/revoked/unknown)

# Agent operations
POST   /api/v1/agents/{id}/csr           Submit CSR for issuance
GET    /api/v1/agents/{id}/work          Poll for pending deployment jobs
POST   /api/v1/agents/{id}/discoveries   Submit certificate discovery scan results

# Discovery & network scanning
GET    /api/v1/discovered-certificates   List discovered certs (?agent_id, ?status)
POST   /api/v1/discovered-certificates/{id}/claim  Link to managed cert
POST   /api/v1/network-scan-targets/{id}/scan      Trigger immediate TLS scan

# Jobs & approval
POST   /api/v1/jobs/{id}/approve         Approve interactive renewal
POST   /api/v1/jobs/{id}/reject          Reject interactive renewal

# Post-deployment verification
POST   /api/v1/jobs/{id}/verify          Submit TLS verification result
GET    /api/v1/jobs/{id}/verification    Get verification status

# Observability
GET    /api/v1/metrics/prometheus         Prometheus exposition format
GET    /api/v1/stats/summary             Dashboard summary

# EST enrollment (RFC 7030)
POST   /.well-known/est/simpleenroll     Device certificate enrollment
GET    /.well-known/est/cacerts          CA certificate chain (PKCS#7)

Full CRUD is available for certificates, agents, issuers, targets, teams, owners, policies, profiles, agent groups, notifications, and audit events. See the OpenAPI spec or Feature Inventory for the complete endpoint reference.

CLI

# Install
go install github.com/shankar0123/certctl/cmd/cli@latest

# Configure
export CERTCTL_SERVER_URL=http://localhost:8443
export CERTCTL_API_KEY=your-api-key

# Certificate commands
certctl-cli certs list                    # List all certificates
certctl-cli certs get mc-api-prod         # Get certificate details
certctl-cli certs renew mc-api-prod       # Trigger renewal
certctl-cli certs revoke mc-api-prod --reason keyCompromise

# Agent and job commands
certctl-cli agents list                   # List registered agents
certctl-cli jobs list                     # List jobs
certctl-cli jobs cancel job-123           # Cancel a pending job

# Operations
certctl-cli status                        # Server health + summary stats
certctl-cli import certs.pem              # Bulk import from PEM file

# Output formats
certctl-cli certs list --format json      # JSON output (default: table)

MCP Server (AI Integration)

certctl ships a standalone MCP (Model Context Protocol) server that exposes all 78 API endpoints as tools for AI assistants — Claude, Cursor, Windsurf, OpenClaw, VS Code Copilot, and any MCP-compatible client.

# Install
go install github.com/shankar0123/certctl/cmd/mcp-server@latest

# Configure
export CERTCTL_SERVER_URL=http://localhost:8443
export CERTCTL_API_KEY=your-api-key

# Run (stdio transport — add to your AI client config)
mcp-server

Claude Desktop (claude_desktop_config.json):

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "certctl": {
      "command": "mcp-server",
      "env": {
        "CERTCTL_SERVER_URL": "http://localhost:8443",
        "CERTCTL_API_KEY": "your-api-key"
      }
    }
  }
}

Roadmap

V1 (v1.0.0)

Core lifecycle management — Local CA + ACME v2 issuers, NGINX target connector, agent-side key generation, API auth + rate limiting, React dashboard, CI pipeline with coverage gates, Docker images on GHCR.

V2: Operational Maturity

21 milestones complete, 1100+ tests. See the Feature Inventory for details on every capability.

What shipped (all ✅):

• Issuers — Sub-CA mode (enterprise root chains), ACME DNS-01 + DNS-PERSIST-01 (wildcard certs, any DNS provider), step-ca (native /sign API), OpenSSL/Custom CA (script-based signing)

• Revocation — RFC 5280 reason codes, DER-encoded X.509 CRL, embedded OCSP responder, short-lived cert exemption

• Profiles + Ownership — certificate profiles (key types, max TTL, crypto constraints), ownership tracking (owners + teams), dynamic agent groups, interactive renewal approval

• GUI Operations — bulk renew/revoke/reassign, deployment timeline, inline policy editor, target wizard, audit export (CSV/JSON), short-lived credentials view

• Discovery — filesystem scanning (PEM/DER) + network TLS scanning (CIDR ranges), triage workflow (claim/dismiss), network scan target management

• Observability — Prometheus + JSON metrics, 5 stats API endpoints, dashboard charts (heatmap, trends, distribution), agent fleet overview, structured logging

• EST Server (RFC 7030) — device/WiFi certificate enrollment, PKCS#7 wire format, configurable issuer + profile binding

• MCP Server — 78 API operations as AI tools for Claude, Cursor, and any MCP-compatible client

• CLI — 12 subcommands (list/get/renew/revoke certs, agents, jobs, import, status), JSON/table output

• Notifications — Slack, Microsoft Teams, PagerDuty, OpsGenie connectors

• API Enhancements — sparse fields, sort, time-range filters, cursor pagination, immutable API audit logging

• Compliance Mapping — SOC 2 Type II, PCI-DSS 4.0, NIST SP 800-57 alignment guides

• Post-Deployment TLS Verification — agent-side TLS probe confirms the target is serving the correct certificate by SHA-256 fingerprint match

• Traefik + Caddy Targets — Traefik (file provider, auto-reload) and Caddy (Admin API hot-reload or file-based)

• Certificate Export — PEM (JSON or file download) and PKCS#12 formats, private keys never included (agent-side only), audit trail

• S/MIME Support — EKU-aware issuance (emailProtection, codeSigning, timeStamping), adaptive KeyUsage flags, email SAN routing

V3: certctl Pro

Team access controls, identity provider integration, enterprise deployment targets, compliance and risk scoring, advanced fleet operations, event-driven architecture, advanced search, real-time operational views, and premium CA integrations.

V4+: Cloud, Scale & Passive Discovery

Passive network discovery (TLS listener), Kubernetes integration (cert-manager external issuer, Secrets target), cloud infrastructure targets (AWS ALB/ACM, Azure Key Vault), extended CA support (Vault PKI, Google CAS, EJBCA), and platform-scale features (Terraform provider, multi-tenancy, HSM support).

License

Certctl is licensed under the Business Source License 1.1. The source code is publicly available and free to use, modify, and self-host. The one restriction: you may not offer certctl as a managed/hosted certificate management service to third parties.