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rustfs/.docker/observability/prometheus-rules/rustfs-kms-alerts.yml
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# Copyright 2024 RustFS Team
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# =============================================================================
# RustFS KMS backend — Prometheus alerting rules
# =============================================================================
#
# Metric source: the KMS operation-policy choke point in
# crates/kms/src/policy.rs. All label values are bounded static strings
# (operation, op_class, outcome, error_class, backend, scope); key identifiers,
# key material, and tokens never appear in labels.
#
# Response procedures: docs/operations/kms-observability-runbook.md
#
# IMPORTANT — threshold status: every numeric threshold below is a
# conservative default chosen without a production baseline. Calibrate against
# a staging baseline before relying on these alerts for paging, and prefer
# loosening over tightening until the baseline exists. Formal SLO targets are
# deliberately not encoded here (see rustfs/backlog#1584).
#
# NOTE: prometheus.yml loads /etc/prometheus/rules/*.yml — keep the .yml
# extension or the file is silently ignored by the docker-compose stack.
#
# Validate: promtool check rules rustfs-kms-alerts.yml
# =============================================================================
groups:
# ==========================================================================
# Critical alerts — immediate action required
# ==========================================================================
- name: rustfs-kms-critical
interval: 30s
rules:
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# 1. KmsBackendFatalErrors
# Any attempt failure classified as fatal (non-retryable): auth
# or permission errors, malformed requests, missing keys. The
# policy never retries these, so even a low rate means real
# operations are failing right now.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
- alert: KmsBackendFatalErrors
expr: |
sum by (operation) (rate(rustfs_kms_backend_attempt_failures_total{error_class="fatal"}[5m])) > 0
for: 5m
labels:
severity: critical
component: kms
annotations:
summary: "KMS backend fatal errors on operation {{ $labels.operation }}"
description: >-
Attempt failures classified as fatal are occurring at
{{ $value | printf "%.3f" }}/s on operation
{{ $labels.operation }}. Fatal failures are not retried:
each one is a KMS backend call that failed permanently
(authentication, permissions, malformed request, or a
missing key/version).
runbook_url: "https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/blob/main/docs/operations/kms-observability-runbook.md#kmsbackendfatalerrors"
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# 2. KmsBackendHighErrorRate
# Sustained share of operations terminating without success
# (fatal, budget/deadline exhaustion, admission backpressure,
# or an open circuit). The cancelled outcome is excluded because
# shutdowns legitimately produce it.
# The traffic guard keeps a single failure on a near-idle
# cluster from firing the alert.
# Threshold: 5% for 10m — conservative default, calibrate
# against a staging baseline.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
- alert: KmsBackendHighErrorRate
expr: |
(
sum(rate(rustfs_kms_backend_operations_total{outcome!~"success|cancelled"}[5m]))
/
clamp_min(sum(rate(rustfs_kms_backend_operations_total[5m])), 1e-9)
) > 0.05
and
sum(rate(rustfs_kms_backend_operations_total[5m])) > 0.02
for: 10m
labels:
severity: critical
component: kms
annotations:
summary: "KMS backend non-success ratio above 5% for 10m"
description: >-
{{ $value | humanizePercentage }} of KMS backend operations
are terminating in fatal, budget_exhausted,
deadline_exceeded, backpressure_timeout,
backpressure_rejected, or circuit_open. Object encryption
and decryption paths depending on the KMS are degraded or
failing.
runbook_url: "https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/blob/main/docs/operations/kms-observability-runbook.md#kmsbackendhigherrorrate"
# ==========================================================================
# Warning alerts — investigation needed
# ==========================================================================
- name: rustfs-kms-warning
interval: 30s
rules:
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# 3. KmsBackendP99LatencyHigh
# p99 wall-clock duration of whole operations (attempts plus
# backoff) is sustained above 2 seconds. Because the histogram
# includes retries, a high p99 usually means the retry policy
# is absorbing backend failures, not that every call is slow.
# Threshold: 2s for 10m — conservative default, calibrate
# against a staging baseline.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
- alert: KmsBackendP99LatencyHigh
expr: |
histogram_quantile(0.99,
sum by (le) (rate(rustfs_kms_backend_operation_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))
) > 2
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
component: kms
annotations:
summary: "KMS backend operation p99 latency above 2s for 10m"
description: >-
The 99th-percentile KMS backend operation duration is
{{ $value | humanizeDuration }}, including retries and
backoff. Encryption and decryption latency is leaking into
S3 request latency.
runbook_url: "https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/blob/main/docs/operations/kms-observability-runbook.md#kmsbackendp99latencyhigh"
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# 4. KmsBackendAttemptFailureSpike
# Aggregate attempt-failure rate (all error classes) sustained
# above an absolute floor. An absolute threshold is used instead
# of an offset-1d baseline ratio because fresh deployments have
# no baseline and an empty offset vector would keep a ratio
# alert from ever firing; switch to a baseline-relative form
# (see rustfs-get-optimization-alerts.yaml for the pattern)
# once a stable staging baseline exists.
# Threshold: 0.5/s for 10m — conservative default, calibrate
# against a staging baseline.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
- alert: KmsBackendAttemptFailureSpike
expr: |
sum(rate(rustfs_kms_backend_attempt_failures_total[5m])) > 0.5
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
component: kms
annotations:
summary: "KMS backend attempt failures above 0.5/s for 10m"
description: >-
KMS backend attempts are failing at
{{ $value | printf "%.2f" }}/s across all error classes.
The retry policy may still be masking these from callers —
check the error-class breakdown before it stops absorbing
them.
runbook_url: "https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/blob/main/docs/operations/kms-observability-runbook.md#kmsbackendattemptfailurespike"
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# 5. KmsBackendRetryBudgetExhausted
# Operations are running out of retry budget (budget_exhausted)
# or operation deadline (deadline_exceeded). These surface to
# callers as failed KMS operations even though every individual
# failure was retryable — the backend is unhealthy for longer
# than the policy can bridge.
# Threshold: 0.05/s for 10m — conservative default, calibrate
# against a staging baseline.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
- alert: KmsBackendRetryBudgetExhausted
expr: |
sum by (outcome) (rate(rustfs_kms_backend_operations_total{outcome=~"budget_exhausted|deadline_exceeded"}[5m])) > 0.05
for: 10m
labels:
severity: warning
component: kms
annotations:
summary: "KMS backend operations exhausting retry budget ({{ $labels.outcome }})"
description: >-
KMS backend operations are terminating as
{{ $labels.outcome }} at {{ $value | printf "%.3f" }}/s.
Retryable failures are outlasting the retry budget, so
callers are seeing hard failures.
runbook_url: "https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/blob/main/docs/operations/kms-observability-runbook.md#kmsbackendretrybudgetexhausted"
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
# 6. KmsBackendCircuitOpen
# Direct circuit-state signal, independent of operation traffic.
# A transient open can recover on its first half-open probe; alert
# only when the circuit remains open or half-open for one minute.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------
- alert: KmsBackendCircuitOpen
expr: |
rustfs_kms_backend_circuit_open > 0
for: 1m
labels:
severity: warning
component: kms
annotations:
summary: "KMS backend circuit open ({{ $labels.backend }}/{{ $labels.scope }})"
description: >-
The KMS backend circuit for {{ $labels.backend }} scope
{{ $labels.scope }} has remained open or half-open for one
minute. Operations in this scope can terminate as
circuit_open until the half-open probe succeeds or returns
a non-retryable failure.
runbook_url: "https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/blob/main/docs/operations/kms-observability-runbook.md#kmsbackendcircuitopen"