rustfs/docs/testing

| Outbound target matrix | Replication of every object shape (empty, plain, retention, legal hold, multipart) against every remote-target failure mode the fake target models; an explicit expectation table pins known-red cells to an open issue | cargo nextest run -p e2e_test -E 'test(/^replication_target_matrix_test::/)' (build target/debug/rustfs first) | With e2e-repl-nightly; required locally for any change to outbound client defaults (SOP: docs/postmortems/2026-09-03-replication-checksum-default-regression.md) |

RustFS Testing

Use this when: you need to pick a test layer for a change, name a test so a gate keeps selecting it, understand why #[serial] does nothing under nextest, or handle a flaky test. Source of truth: .config/nextest.toml (profiles, test-groups, quarantine), .config/make/tests.mak (make test), .github/workflows/*.yml (what runs when; matrix in ci-gates.md).

Test taxonomy

Pick the lowest layer that can prove the change; add a higher-layer test only when the behaviour is not observable below it.

Layer	What it covers	Entry command	When it runs (details: ci-gates.md)
Unit & crate integration	Per-crate logic and in-process integration tests	cargo nextest run --all --exclude e2e_test (or -p <crate>); make test wraps it	Every PR, required (Test and Lint, ci profile)
ecstore black-box	Erasure-coded read/write/recovery validation; profiles quick / full / destructive / fuzz	scripts/run_ecstore_validation_suite.sh --profile quick	Local and release validation only; not wired into any workflow. Contract: ecstore-validation-suite-design.md
e2e (e2e_test crate)	A real rustfs binary per test, driven over the S3, admin, and protocol APIs	cargo nextest run --profile e2e-smoke -p e2e_test	PR: e2e-smoke (report-only); merge queue / main push: e2e-full; nightly: e2e-repl-nightly, e2e-nightly, e2e-protocols, e2e-distributed. Guide: crates/e2e_test/README.md; 4-node 4-disk map: distributed-e2e.md
s3s-e2e conformance	External S3 conformance tool against a live server	./scripts/e2e-run.sh ./target/debug/rustfs <data-dir>	PR, report-only (second half of the End-to-End Tests job)
S3 compatibility	ceph/s3-tests (boto3; allow-list scripts/s3-tests/implemented_tests.txt) and MinIO mint	scripts/s3-tests/run.sh; mint via .github/workflows/mint.yml	s3-tests: PR report-only plus a weekly full sweep; mint: weekly, report-only
Chaos / fault-injection	Single-node disk fault injection (crates/e2e_test/src/chaos.rs, crates/e2e_test/src/fault_proxy.rs) plus the 4-node kill/fresh-drive/blackhole cases in crates/e2e_test/src/distributed/chaos_test.rs	Part of the e2e crate (e2e-reliability and e2e-distributed)	Reliability cases with e2e-full; 4-node chaos on storage-sensitive PRs and nightly via e2e-distributed
Fuzz	cargo-fuzz targets over untrusted parsing surfaces; isolated sub-workspace under fuzz/	./scripts/fuzz/run.sh (see fuzz/README.md)	PR smoke on the paths listed in .github/workflows/fuzz.yml, plus nightly corpus
Benchmarks	Criterion benches under each crate's benches/	cargo bench -p <crate>	On demand; never a gate

Every script named above is indexed with status and wiring in scripts/README.md. Fixed GHSA advisories map to named regression tests in security-regressions.md.

The scanner checkpoint fixture diagnoses retained subtree coverage across budget interruption, persistence, reload, and plan invalidation.

The scanner cache cost profile separates clone, subtree copy, encoding, and counted save costs without changing production cache behavior.

Naming conventions

Reserved test-name substrings (migration gate)

scripts/check_migration_gate_count.sh (runs in Test and Lint) selects migration-critical tests by name substring and fails when the count drops below .config/migration-gate-floor.txt. A rename that drops a substring silently thins the gate, so these substrings are reserved:

Substring	Guards
data_movement	Cross-pool / cross-set object data-movement proofs
rebalance	Pool rebalance correctness
decommission	Pool decommission correctness
source_cleanup	Post-migration source cleanup
delete_marker	Delete-marker handling across migration

A deliberate reduction lowers the floor in the same PR. The list above mirrors the script; change both together.

General naming

• Name a regression test after what it pins (issue or advisory number, or the invariant) so rg finds the guard for a past bug.
• e2e lane membership is selected by test-name patterns in .config/nextest.toml (for example _real_dual_node / _real_single_node route replication tests to the nightly lane). Follow the existing marker of the suite you extend.
• Symbol naming follows the Rust API Guidelines (see AGENTS.md).

nextest and #[serial]

cargo-nextest is the runner: make test requires it and CI installs it. nextest runs every test in its own process, so serial_test's in-process #[serial] mutex does not serialize tests against each other; it only affects the plain cargo test fallback. Cross-test serialization under nextest comes from a [test-groups] entry with max-threads = 1 in .config/nextest.toml (for example ecstore-serial-flaky, e2e-reliability) or from a -j 1 lane. Prefer making tests self-isolating (per-test instance context, random port, own temp dir) over adding serialization. RUSTFS_ALLOW_CARGO_TEST_FALLBACK=1 make test runs plain cargo test; its results are not authoritative because [test-groups] do not apply.

Time-driven tests use paused tokio time (start_paused plus tokio::time::advance) or explicit synchronization instead of fixed sleep windows.

Profiles

All profiles are defined in .config/nextest.toml; its block comments hold the filters and rationale.

Profile	Role
default	Local runs; never retries
ci	PR gate for everything except e2e_test; global retries = 0 plus the quarantine list
e2e-smoke	PR subset of e2e_test
e2e-full	Merge-queue / main-push single-node e2e lane
e2e-repl-nightly	Nightly slow / cross-process replication lane
e2e-nightly	Nightly serial multi-process cluster fault lane
e2e-distributed	Storage-sensitive PR and nightly 4-node 4-disk S3 / lock / versioning / replication / quota / expand / decommission / rebalance / site-replication / chaos / upgrade (history + IAM AK/SK) lane
e2e-protocols	Nightly fixed-port FTPS/SFTP/WebDAV lane, run with -j 1

Membership of each e2e profile is pinned by a digest in .config/e2e-<profile>-selection.txt and checked by scripts/check_test_wiring.py --check-profile <profile> before the lane runs. To list what a profile selects on your platform (the result is platform-dependent because some modules are linux-only):

cargo nextest list -p e2e_test --profile e2e-smoke --message-format json \
  | jq -r '.["rust-suites"][].testcases | to_entries[] | select(.value["filter-match"].status == "matches") | .key | split("::")[0]' \
  | sort | uniq -c

Flake policy

A flaky test fails non-deterministically without a corresponding code change. Retry semantics live in .config/nextest.toml: default never retries, ci has global retries = 0, and only quarantined tests get retries = 2 under ci. A quarantined test that passes on retry is marked flaky in target/nextest/ci/junit.xml (uploaded as a CI artifact); that marker, not a green check, is how a live flake stays visible.

1. Discover — a non-deterministic failure (CI or local) or a flaky JUnit marker.
2. Open an issue within 24h describing symptom, suspected cause, and affected suite. No silent re-runs.
3. Quarantine — add a [[profile.ci.overrides]] entry with retries = 2 and a comment linking exactly one OPEN issue. The current quarantine list is the [[profile.ci.overrides]] block in .config/nextest.toml.
4. Fix or delete within 30 days — make the test robust and remove the entry, or delete the test. An entry without a live OPEN issue link is a policy violation.

Coverage

• .github/workflows/coverage.yml measures workspace line coverage on its schedule and on manual dispatch: cargo llvm-cov nextest --workspace --exclude e2e_test under the ci profile, the same scope as the PR gate. The per-crate table lands in the job summary; lcov and JSON exports are uploaded as an artifact (retention set in the workflow).
• PRs touching the paths listed in coverage.yml also run a report-only comparison against .config/coverage-baselines.toml via scripts/check_security_coverage.py: a regression is recorded in the summary without failing the job; missing or malformed coverage evidence fails closed.
• make coverage (.config/make/coverage.mak) is the local equivalent; it writes target/llvm-cov/lcov.info and coverage.json and prints the same table via scripts/coverage_per_crate.py.
• Not measured: doctests (ci.yml runs them uninstrumented) and the e2e_test crate.
• A baseline change needs a linked coverage run and a reviewed explanation in the PR.