rustfs/docs/testing

| Outbound target matrix | Replication of every object shape (empty, plain, retention, legal hold, multipart) against every remote-target failure mode the fake target models; an explicit expectation table pins known-red cells to an open issue | cargo nextest run -p e2e_test -E 'test(/^replication_target_matrix_test::/)' (build target/debug/rustfs first) | With e2e-repl-nightly; required locally for any change to outbound client defaults (SOP: docs/postmortems/2026-09-03-replication-checksum-default-regression.md) |

RustFS Testing

Use this when: you need to pick a test layer for a change, name a test so a gate keeps selecting it, understand why #[serial] does nothing under nextest, or handle a flaky test. Source of truth: .config/nextest.toml (profiles, test-groups, quarantine), .config/make/tests.mak (make test), .github/workflows/*.yml (what runs when; matrix in ci-gates.md).

Test taxonomy

Pick the lowest layer that can prove the change; add a higher-layer test only when the behaviour is not observable below it.

Layer	What it covers	Entry command	When it runs (details: ci-gates.md)
Unit & crate integration	Per-crate logic and in-process integration tests	cargo nextest run --all --exclude e2e_test (or -p <crate>); make test wraps it	Every PR, required (Test and Lint, ci profile)
ecstore black-box	Erasure-coded read/write/recovery validation; profiles quick / full / destructive / fuzz	scripts/run_ecstore_validation_suite.sh --profile quick	Local and release validation only; not wired into any workflow. Contract: ecstore-validation-suite-design.md
e2e (e2e_test crate)	A real rustfs binary per test, driven over the S3, admin, and protocol APIs	cargo nextest run --profile e2e-smoke -p e2e_test	PR: e2e-smoke (report-only); merge queue / main push: e2e-full; nightly: e2e-repl-nightly, e2e-nightly, e2e-protocols. Guide: crates/e2e_test/README.md
s3s-e2e conformance	External S3 conformance tool against a live server	./scripts/e2e-run.sh ./target/debug/rustfs <data-dir>	PR, report-only (second half of the End-to-End Tests job)
S3 compatibility	ceph/s3-tests (boto3; allow-list scripts/s3-tests/implemented_tests.txt) and MinIO mint	scripts/s3-tests/run.sh; mint via .github/workflows/mint.yml	s3-tests: PR report-only plus a weekly full sweep; mint: weekly, report-only
Chaos / fault-injection	Single-node disk fault injection (crates/e2e_test/src/chaos.rs, crates/e2e_test/src/fault_proxy.rs) used by the reliability and heal e2e modules	Part of the e2e crate (e2e-reliability test-group)	With the e2e-full and nightly e2e lanes. A multi-node power-loss harness is not in tree
Fuzz	cargo-fuzz targets over untrusted parsing surfaces; isolated sub-workspace under fuzz/	./scripts/fuzz/run.sh (see fuzz/README.md)	PR smoke on the paths listed in .github/workflows/fuzz.yml, plus nightly corpus
Benchmarks	Criterion benches under each crate's benches/	cargo bench -p <crate>	On demand; never a gate

Every script named above is indexed with status and wiring in scripts/README.md. Fixed GHSA advisories map to named regression tests in security-regressions.md.

The scanner checkpoint fixture diagnoses retained subtree coverage across budget interruption, persistence, reload, and plan invalidation.

Naming conventions

Reserved test-name substrings (migration gate)

scripts/check_migration_gate_count.sh (runs in Test and Lint) selects migration-critical tests by name substring and fails when the count drops below .config/migration-gate-floor.txt. A rename that drops a substring silently thins the gate, so these substrings are reserved:

Substring	Guards
data_movement	Cross-pool / cross-set object data-movement proofs
rebalance	Pool rebalance correctness
decommission	Pool decommission correctness
source_cleanup	Post-migration source cleanup
delete_marker	Delete-marker handling across migration

A deliberate reduction lowers the floor in the same PR. The list above mirrors the script; change both together.

General naming

• Name a regression test after what it pins (issue or advisory number, or the invariant) so rg finds the guard for a past bug.
• e2e lane membership is selected by test-name patterns in .config/nextest.toml (for example _real_dual_node / _real_single_node route replication tests to the nightly lane). Follow the existing marker of the suite you extend.
• Symbol naming follows the Rust API Guidelines (see AGENTS.md).

nextest and #[serial]

cargo-nextest is the runner: make test requires it and CI installs it. nextest runs every test in its own process, so serial_test's in-process #[serial] mutex does not serialize tests against each other; it only affects the plain cargo test fallback. Cross-test serialization under nextest comes from a [test-groups] entry with max-threads = 1 in .config/nextest.toml (for example ecstore-serial-flaky, e2e-reliability) or from a -j 1 lane. Prefer making tests self-isolating (per-test instance context, random port, own temp dir) over adding serialization. RUSTFS_ALLOW_CARGO_TEST_FALLBACK=1 make test runs plain cargo test; its results are not authoritative because [test-groups] do not apply.

Time-driven tests use paused tokio time (start_paused plus tokio::time::advance) or explicit synchronization instead of fixed sleep windows.

Profiles

All profiles are defined in .config/nextest.toml; its block comments hold the filters and rationale.

Profile	Role
default	Local runs; never retries
ci	PR gate for everything except e2e_test; global retries = 0 plus the quarantine list
e2e-smoke	PR subset of e2e_test
e2e-full	Merge-queue / main-push single-node e2e lane
e2e-repl-nightly	Nightly slow / cross-process replication lane
e2e-nightly	Nightly serial multi-process cluster fault lane
e2e-protocols	Nightly fixed-port FTPS/SFTP/WebDAV lane, run with -j 1

Membership of each e2e profile is pinned by a digest in .config/e2e-<profile>-selection.txt and checked by scripts/check_test_wiring.py --check-profile <profile> before the lane runs. To list what a profile selects on your platform (the result is platform-dependent because some modules are linux-only):

cargo nextest list -p e2e_test --profile e2e-smoke --message-format json \
  | jq -r '.["rust-suites"][].testcases | to_entries[] | select(.value["filter-match"].status == "matches") | .key | split("::")[0]' \
  | sort | uniq -c

Flake policy

A flaky test fails non-deterministically without a corresponding code change. Retry semantics live in .config/nextest.toml: default never retries, ci has global retries = 0, and only quarantined tests get retries = 2 under ci. A quarantined test that passes on retry is marked flaky in target/nextest/ci/junit.xml (uploaded as a CI artifact); that marker, not a green check, is how a live flake stays visible.

1. Discover — a non-deterministic failure (CI or local) or a flaky JUnit marker.
2. Open an issue within 24h describing symptom, suspected cause, and affected suite. No silent re-runs.
3. Quarantine — add a [[profile.ci.overrides]] entry with retries = 2 and a comment linking exactly one OPEN issue. The current quarantine list is the [[profile.ci.overrides]] block in .config/nextest.toml.
4. Fix or delete within 30 days — make the test robust and remove the entry, or delete the test. An entry without a live OPEN issue link is a policy violation.

Coverage

• .github/workflows/coverage.yml measures workspace line coverage on its schedule and on manual dispatch: cargo llvm-cov nextest --workspace --exclude e2e_test under the ci profile, the same scope as the PR gate. The per-crate table lands in the job summary; lcov and JSON exports are uploaded as an artifact (retention set in the workflow).
• PRs touching the paths listed in coverage.yml also run a report-only comparison against .config/coverage-baselines.toml via scripts/check_security_coverage.py: a regression is recorded in the summary without failing the job; missing or malformed coverage evidence fails closed.
• make coverage (.config/make/coverage.mak) is the local equivalent; it writes target/llvm-cov/lcov.info and coverage.json and prints the same table via scripts/coverage_per_crate.py.
• Not measured: doctests (ci.yml runs them uninstrumented) and the e2e_test crate.
• A baseline change needs a linked coverage run and a reviewed explanation in the PR.