fix(select): enforce typed S3 Select error semantics (#5942)

* fix(select): enforce typed S3 Select error semantics * fix(select): classify function argument planner errors --------- Co-authored-by: overtrue <anzhengchao@gmail.com>
2026-08-13 16:46:55 +00:00 · 2026-08-11 23:59:38 +08:00
parent a206a0779e
commit e9728192e2
8 changed files with 1159 additions and 299 deletions
@@ -14,7 +14,12 @@

 #![recursion_limit = "256"]

-use datafusion::{common::DataFusionError, sql::sqlparser::parser::ParserError};
+use datafusion::{
+    arrow::error::ArrowError,
+    common::{DataFusionError, SchemaError},
+    parquet::errors::ParquetError,
+    sql::sqlparser::parser::ParserError,
+};
 use std::{error::Error as StdError, fmt::Display};
 use thiserror::Error;

@@ -67,23 +72,88 @@ pub enum QueryError {
    StoreError { e: String },
 }

-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-#[non_exhaustive]
-pub enum S3SelectPolicyError {
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Error, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SelectError {
+    #[error("The file is not in a supported compression format. Only GZIP and BZIP2 are supported.")]
+    InvalidCompressionFormat,
+
+    #[error("The data source type is not valid. Only CSV, JSON, and Parquet are supported.")]
+    InvalidDataSource,
+
+    #[error(
+        "Object decompression failed. Check that the object is properly compressed using the format specified in the request."
+    )]
+    TruncatedInput,
+
+    #[error("An error occurred while parsing the CSV file. Check the file and try again.")]
+    CsvParsingError,
+
+    #[error("An error occurred while parsing the JSON file. Check the file and try again.")]
+    JsonParsingError,
+
+    #[error("An error occurred while parsing the Parquet file. Check the file and try again.")]
+    ParquetParsingError,
+
+    #[error("{message}")]
+    ParseSelectFailure { message: String },
+
+    #[error("The SQL expression is invalid.")]
+    InvalidQuery,
+
+    #[error("The SQL expression contains a data type that is not valid.")]
+    InvalidDataType,
+
+    #[error("An incorrect argument type was specified in a function call in the SQL expression.")]
+    IncorrectSqlFunctionArgumentType,
+
+    #[error("The data source path in the SQL expression is not supported.")]
+    DataSourcePathUnsupported,
+
    #[error("Unsupported S3 Select SQL structure: {message}")]
    UnsupportedSqlStructure { message: String },

+    #[error("We encountered an unsupported SQL operation.")]
+    UnsupportedSqlOperation,
+
+    #[error("A column name or a path provided does not exist in the SQL expression.")]
+    EvaluatorBindingDoesNotExist,
+
+    #[error("The field name matches to multiple fields in the file. Check the SQL expression and the file, and try again.")]
+    AmbiguousFieldName,
+
+    #[error("The value of a parameter in ScanRange element is invalid. Check the service API documentation and try again.")]
+    InvalidScanRange,
+
    #[error("S3 Select query concurrency limit reached")]
    QueryConcurrencyLimit,

    #[error("S3 Select query exceeded the {seconds}-second execution limit")]
    QueryTimeout { seconds: u64 },
+
+    #[error("S3 Select query resource limit exceeded")]
+    ResourceExhausted,
+
+    #[error("The specified bucket does not exist.")]
+    BucketNotFound,
+
+    #[error("The specified key does not exist.")]
+    ObjectNotFound,
+
+    #[error("The query was canceled")]
+    Canceled,
+
+    #[error("An internal error occurred.")]
+    InternalError,
 }

+pub type S3SelectPolicyError = SelectError;
+
+const MAX_ERROR_SOURCE_DEPTH: usize = 16;
+
 impl QueryError {
    fn source_error<T: StdError + 'static>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
        let mut err: &(dyn StdError + 'static) = self;
-        for _ in 0..16 {
+        for _ in 0..MAX_ERROR_SOURCE_DEPTH {
            if let Some(source) = err.downcast_ref::<T>() {
                return Some(source);
            }
@@ -99,10 +169,113 @@ impl QueryError {
    pub fn s3_select_policy_error(&self) -> Option<&S3SelectPolicyError> {
        self.source_error()
    }
+
+    pub fn select_error(&self) -> SelectError {
+        let mut err: &(dyn StdError + 'static) = match self {
+            Self::Datafusion { source } => source.as_ref(),
+            _ => self,
+        };
+        for _ in 0..MAX_ERROR_SOURCE_DEPTH {
+            if let Some(select_error) = classify_select_error_source(err) {
+                return select_error;
+            }
+            let Some(source) = err.source() else {
+                break;
+            };
+            err = source;
+        }
+
+        match self {
+            QueryError::NotImplemented { .. } => SelectError::UnsupportedSqlOperation,
+            QueryError::MultiStatement { .. } => SelectError::UnsupportedSqlStructure {
+                message: "multiple SQL statements are not supported".to_string(),
+            },
+            QueryError::BuildQueryDispatcher { .. } | QueryError::FunctionExists { .. } | QueryError::StoreError { .. } => {
+                SelectError::InternalError
+            }
+            QueryError::Cancel => SelectError::Canceled,
+            QueryError::FunctionNotExists { .. } => SelectError::InvalidQuery,
+            QueryError::Datafusion { .. } | QueryError::Parser { .. } => SelectError::InternalError,
+        }
+    }
 }

-impl From<S3SelectPolicyError> for QueryError {
-    fn from(value: S3SelectPolicyError) -> Self {
+fn classify_select_error_source(err: &(dyn StdError + 'static)) -> Option<SelectError> {
+    if let Some(error) = err.downcast_ref::<SelectError>() {
+        return Some(error.clone());
+    }
+    if let Some(error) = err.downcast_ref::<object_store::SelectObjectStoreError>() {
+        return Some(error.select_error());
+    }
+    if let Some(error) = err.downcast_ref::<datafusion::object_store::Error>() {
+        return match error {
+            datafusion::object_store::Error::NotFound { source, .. } => Some(
+                source
+                    .downcast_ref::<object_store::SelectObjectStoreError>()
+                    .map_or(SelectError::ObjectNotFound, object_store::SelectObjectStoreError::select_error),
+            ),
+            _ => None,
+        };
+    }
+    if let Some(error) = err.downcast_ref::<ParserError>() {
+        return Some(SelectError::ParseSelectFailure {
+            message: error.to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(error) = err.downcast_ref::<ArrowError>() {
+        return match error {
+            ArrowError::CsvError(_) => Some(SelectError::CsvParsingError),
+            ArrowError::JsonError(_) => Some(SelectError::JsonParsingError),
+            ArrowError::ParquetError(_) => Some(SelectError::ParquetParsingError),
+            ArrowError::CastError(_) | ArrowError::ParseError(_) => Some(SelectError::InvalidDataType),
+            ArrowError::MemoryError(_) => Some(SelectError::ResourceExhausted),
+            ArrowError::ExternalError(_) | ArrowError::IoError(_, _) => None,
+            _ => Some(SelectError::InternalError),
+        };
+    }
+    if let Some(error) = err.downcast_ref::<ParquetError>() {
+        return match error {
+            ParquetError::External(_) => None,
+            _ => Some(SelectError::ParquetParsingError),
+        };
+    }
+    if let Some(error) = err.downcast_ref::<SchemaError>() {
+        return Some(match error {
+            SchemaError::FieldNotFound { .. } => SelectError::EvaluatorBindingDoesNotExist,
+            SchemaError::AmbiguousReference { .. }
+            | SchemaError::DuplicateQualifiedField { .. }
+            | SchemaError::DuplicateUnqualifiedField { .. } => SelectError::AmbiguousFieldName,
+        });
+    }
+    if let Some(error) = err.downcast_ref::<DataFusionError>() {
+        return match error {
+            DataFusionError::NotImplemented(_) => Some(SelectError::UnsupportedSqlOperation),
+            DataFusionError::Plan(_) => Some(SelectError::InvalidQuery),
+            DataFusionError::ResourcesExhausted(_) => Some(SelectError::ResourceExhausted),
+            DataFusionError::Internal(_)
+            | DataFusionError::Execution(_)
+            | DataFusionError::Configuration(_)
+            | DataFusionError::Substrait(_)
+            | DataFusionError::Ffi(_) => Some(SelectError::InternalError),
+            DataFusionError::ArrowError(_, _)
+            | DataFusionError::ParquetError(_)
+            | DataFusionError::ObjectStore(_)
+            | DataFusionError::IoError(_)
+            | DataFusionError::SQL(_, _)
+            | DataFusionError::SchemaError(_, _)
+            | DataFusionError::ExecutionJoin(_)
+            | DataFusionError::External(_)
+            | DataFusionError::Context(_, _)
+            | DataFusionError::Diagnostic(_, _)
+            | DataFusionError::Collection(_)
+            | DataFusionError::Shared(_) => None,
+        };
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+impl From<SelectError> for QueryError {
+    fn from(value: SelectError) -> Self {
        Self::Datafusion {
            source: Box::new(DataFusionError::External(Box::new(value))),
        }
@@ -161,7 +334,7 @@ mod tests {
        };
        assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "Multi-statement not allow, found num:2, sql:SELECT 1; SELECT 2;");

-        let err = S3SelectPolicyError::UnsupportedSqlStructure {
+        let err = SelectError::UnsupportedSqlStructure {
            message: "JOIN is not supported".to_string(),
        };
        assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "Unsupported S3 Select SQL structure: JOIN is not supported");
@@ -170,11 +343,11 @@ mod tests {
        assert_eq!(err.to_string(), "The query has been canceled");

        assert_eq!(
-            S3SelectPolicyError::QueryConcurrencyLimit.to_string(),
+            SelectError::QueryConcurrencyLimit.to_string(),
            "S3 Select query concurrency limit reached"
        );
        assert_eq!(
-            S3SelectPolicyError::QueryTimeout { seconds: 300 }.to_string(),
+            SelectError::QueryTimeout { seconds: 300 }.to_string(),
            "S3 Select query exceeded the 300-second execution limit"
        );

@@ -223,12 +396,132 @@ mod tests {

    #[test]
    fn policy_error_is_recoverable_from_query_error() {
-        let err: QueryError = S3SelectPolicyError::QueryTimeout { seconds: 300 }.into();
+        let err: QueryError = SelectError::QueryTimeout { seconds: 300 }.into();

-        assert!(matches!(
-            err.s3_select_policy_error(),
-            Some(S3SelectPolicyError::QueryTimeout { seconds: 300 })
-        ));
+        assert!(matches!(err.s3_select_policy_error(), Some(SelectError::QueryTimeout { seconds: 300 })));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn query_error_classifies_data_errors_without_display_matching() {
+        let cases = [
+            (
+                DataFusionError::ArrowError(Box::new(ArrowError::CsvError("private csv detail".to_string())), None),
+                SelectError::CsvParsingError,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::ArrowError(Box::new(ArrowError::JsonError("private json detail".to_string())), None),
+                SelectError::JsonParsingError,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::ParquetError(Box::new(ParquetError::General("private parquet detail".to_string()))),
+                SelectError::ParquetParsingError,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::External(Box::new(SelectError::TruncatedInput)),
+                SelectError::TruncatedInput,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::ArrowError(
+                    Box::new(ArrowError::InvalidArgumentError("private implementation detail".to_string())),
+                    None,
+                ),
+                SelectError::InternalError,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::ArrowError(Box::new(ArrowError::CastError("invalid cast".to_string())), None),
+                SelectError::InvalidDataType,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::ArrowError(Box::new(ArrowError::MemoryError("query memory limit".to_string())), None),
+                SelectError::ResourceExhausted,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::Execution("private execution detail".to_string()),
+                SelectError::InternalError,
+            ),
+            (DataFusionError::Plan("invalid expression".to_string()), SelectError::InvalidQuery),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::NotImplemented("unsupported expression".to_string()),
+                SelectError::UnsupportedSqlOperation,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::SchemaError(
+                    Box::new(SchemaError::FieldNotFound {
+                        field: Box::new(datafusion::common::Column::from_name("missing")),
+                        valid_fields: Vec::new(),
+                    }),
+                    Box::new(None),
+                ),
+                SelectError::EvaluatorBindingDoesNotExist,
+            ),
+            (
+                DataFusionError::SchemaError(
+                    Box::new(SchemaError::AmbiguousReference {
+                        field: Box::new(datafusion::common::Column::from_name("duplicate")),
+                    }),
+                    Box::new(None),
+                ),
+                SelectError::AmbiguousFieldName,
+            ),
+        ];
+
+        for (source, expected) in cases {
+            let error = QueryError::from(source);
+            assert_eq!(error.select_error(), expected, "wrong classification for {error:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn query_error_preserves_typed_object_store_classification() {
+        let bucket_error = QueryError::from(DataFusionError::ObjectStore(Box::new(datafusion::object_store::Error::NotFound {
+            path: "private-bucket/private-object".to_string(),
+            source: Box::new(object_store::SelectObjectStoreError::BucketNotFound {
+                source: SelectStorageError::BucketNotFound("private-bucket".to_string()),
+            }),
+        })));
+        let object_error = QueryError::from(DataFusionError::ObjectStore(Box::new(datafusion::object_store::Error::NotFound {
+            path: "private-bucket/private-object".to_string(),
+            source: Box::new(object_store::SelectObjectStoreError::ObjectNotFound {
+                source: SelectStorageError::ObjectNotFound("private-bucket".to_string(), "private-object".to_string()),
+            }),
+        })));
+        let scan_range_error =
+            QueryError::from(DataFusionError::ObjectStore(Box::new(datafusion::object_store::Error::Generic {
+                store: "test",
+                source: Box::new(object_store::SelectObjectStoreError::InvalidScanRange),
+            })));
+        let storage_error = QueryError::from(DataFusionError::ObjectStore(Box::new(datafusion::object_store::Error::Generic {
+            store: "test",
+            source: Box::new(object_store::SelectObjectStoreError::Storage {
+                source: SelectStorageError::LessData,
+            }),
+        })));
+
+        assert_eq!(bucket_error.select_error(), SelectError::BucketNotFound);
+        assert_eq!(object_error.select_error(), SelectError::ObjectNotFound);
+        assert_eq!(scan_range_error.select_error(), SelectError::InvalidScanRange);
+        assert_eq!(storage_error.select_error(), SelectError::InternalError);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn select_error_source_traversal_stops_at_the_depth_bound() {
+        #[derive(Debug)]
+        struct CyclicError;
+
+        impl std::fmt::Display for CyclicError {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+                f.write_str("cyclic error")
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl StdError for CyclicError {
+            fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn StdError + 'static)> {
+                Some(self)
+            }
+        }
+
+        let error = QueryError::from(DataFusionError::External(Box::new(CyclicError)));
+        assert_eq!(error.select_error(), SelectError::InternalError);
    }

    #[test]
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.

 use crate::{
-    PrepareSelectObjectSnapshotError, SELECT_DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, SelectGetObjectReader, SelectObjectOptions,
+    PrepareSelectObjectSnapshotError, SELECT_DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, SelectError, SelectGetObjectReader, SelectObjectOptions,
    SelectObjectSnapshot, SelectObjectSnapshotReadError, SelectStorageError, SelectStore, SnapshotConsistencyError,
    query::{
        parser::RustFsDialect,
@@ -115,6 +115,38 @@ pub(crate) enum EcObjectStoreBuildError {
    Snapshot(#[source] SnapshotConsistencyError),
 }

+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub(crate) enum SelectObjectStoreError {
+    #[error("SelectObjectContent bucket does not exist")]
+    BucketNotFound {
+        #[source]
+        source: SelectStorageError,
+    },
+    #[error("SelectObjectContent object does not exist")]
+    ObjectNotFound {
+        #[source]
+        source: SelectStorageError,
+    },
+    #[error("SelectObjectContent storage failure")]
+    Storage {
+        #[source]
+        source: SelectStorageError,
+    },
+    #[error("SelectObjectContent ScanRange is invalid")]
+    InvalidScanRange,
+}
+
+impl SelectObjectStoreError {
+    pub(crate) fn select_error(&self) -> SelectError {
+        match self {
+            Self::BucketNotFound { .. } => SelectError::BucketNotFound,
+            Self::ObjectNotFound { .. } => SelectError::ObjectNotFound,
+            Self::InvalidScanRange => SelectError::InvalidScanRange,
+            Self::Storage { .. } => SelectError::InternalError,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub struct SelectScanRange {
    start: u64,
@@ -502,8 +534,7 @@ fn map_prepare_snapshot_error(bucket: &str, object: &str, err: PrepareSelectObje
 }

 fn map_build_error_to_s3(error: EcObjectStoreBuildError) -> S3Error {
-    let message = error.to_string();
-    let mut s3_error = S3Error::with_message(S3ErrorCode::InternalError, message);
+    let mut s3_error = S3Error::with_message(S3ErrorCode::InternalError, SelectError::InternalError.to_string());
    s3_error.set_source(Box::new(error));
    s3_error
 }
@@ -519,15 +550,21 @@ fn snapshot_read_error(bucket: &str, object: &str, err: SelectObjectSnapshotRead
 }

 fn map_storage_error(bucket: &str, object: &str, err: SelectStorageError) -> o_Error {
-    if select_is_err_bucket_not_found(&err) || select_is_err_object_not_found(&err) || select_is_err_version_not_found(&err) {
+    if select_is_err_bucket_not_found(&err) {
        return o_Error::NotFound {
            path: format!("{bucket}/{object}"),
-            source: Box::new(err),
+            source: Box::new(SelectObjectStoreError::BucketNotFound { source: err }),
+        };
+    }
+    if select_is_err_object_not_found(&err) || select_is_err_version_not_found(&err) {
+        return o_Error::NotFound {
+            path: format!("{bucket}/{object}"),
+            source: Box::new(SelectObjectStoreError::ObjectNotFound { source: err }),
        };
    }
    o_Error::Generic {
        store: "EcObjectStore",
-        source: Box::new(err),
+        source: Box::new(SelectObjectStoreError::Storage { source: err }),
    }
 }

@@ -602,7 +639,7 @@ fn parse_scan_range_from_bounds(
 fn invalid_scan_range_store_error() -> o_Error {
    o_Error::Generic {
        store: "EcObjectStore",
-        source: format!("ScanRange: {INVALID_SCAN_RANGE_MESSAGE}").into(),
+        source: Box::new(SelectObjectStoreError::InvalidScanRange),
    }
 }

@@ -1150,7 +1187,11 @@ where
        })?
        .map_err(|e| o_Error::Generic {
            store: "EcObjectStore",
-            source: Box::new(e),
+            source: if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData {
+                Box::new(SelectError::JsonParsingError)
+            } else {
+                Box::new(e)
+            },
        })?;

        // ── 3. Yield phase (one Bytes per NDJSON line) ───────────────────
@@ -1341,12 +1382,13 @@ mod test {
        SELECT_DEFAULT_READ_BUFFER_SIZE, SelectObjectOptions, SelectObjectSnapshot, SelectScanRange, SnapshotConsistencyError,
        bytes_stream, convert_csv_delimiter_stream, convert_field_delimiter_stream, convert_record_delimiter_stream,
        extract_json_sub_path_from_expression, find_delimiter, flatten_json_document_to_ndjson, http_range_spec_from_get_range,
-        json_document_ndjson_stream, json_document_ndjson_stream_with_parser, scan_range_from_bounds, scan_range_stream,
-        select_read_headers, snapshot_last_modified, validate_json_document_size,
+        json_document_ndjson_stream, json_document_ndjson_stream_with_parser, map_storage_error, scan_range_from_bounds,
+        scan_range_stream, select_read_headers, snapshot_last_modified, validate_json_document_size,
    };
    use crate::query::session::{QueryExecutionGuard, QueryExecutionOwner, QueryExecutionTracker};
    use crate::storage_api::SelectPutObjReader;
    use crate::storage_api::object_store::ObjectIO as _;
+    use crate::{QueryError, SelectError, SelectStorageError};
    use bytes::Bytes;
    use datafusion::{
        common::DataFusionError,
@@ -2688,6 +2730,69 @@ mod test {
        assert!(output.next().await.is_none());
    }

+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn malformed_json_document_stream_has_typed_select_error() {
+        let input = b"{bad".to_vec();
+        let memory_pool: Arc<dyn MemoryPool> =
+            Arc::new(GreedyMemoryPool::new(input.len() * JSON_DOCUMENT_MEMORY_RESERVATION_MULTIPLIER));
+        let mut output = json_document_ndjson_stream(
+            Box::new(std::io::Cursor::new(input.clone())),
+            input.len() as u64,
+            None,
+            memory_pool,
+            None,
+        );
+
+        let source = output
+            .next()
+            .await
+            .expect("malformed JSON should produce one stream error")
+            .expect_err("malformed JSON DOCUMENT must fail");
+        let error = QueryError::from(DataFusionError::ObjectStore(Box::new(source)));
+
+        assert_eq!(error.select_error(), SelectError::JsonParsingError);
+        assert!(output.next().await.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn storage_error_mapper_preserves_protocol_classification() {
+        let classify = |source| QueryError::from(DataFusionError::ObjectStore(Box::new(source))).select_error();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            classify(map_storage_error(
+                "private-bucket",
+                "private-object",
+                SelectStorageError::BucketNotFound("private-bucket".to_string()),
+            )),
+            SelectError::BucketNotFound
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            classify(map_storage_error(
+                "private-bucket",
+                "private-object",
+                SelectStorageError::ObjectNotFound("private-bucket".to_string(), "private-object".to_string()),
+            )),
+            SelectError::ObjectNotFound
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            classify(map_storage_error("private-bucket", "private-object", SelectStorageError::LessData)),
+            SelectError::InternalError
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            classify(scan_range_from_bounds(Some(10), None, 10).expect_err("out-of-bounds range must fail")),
+            SelectError::InvalidScanRange
+        );
+        let parquet_source = map_storage_error(
+            "private-bucket",
+            "private-object",
+            SelectStorageError::ObjectNotFound("private-bucket".to_string(), "private-object".to_string()),
+        );
+        let parquet_error = QueryError::from(DataFusionError::ParquetError(Box::new(
+            datafusion::parquet::errors::ParquetError::External(Box::new(parquet_source)),
+        )));
+        assert_eq!(parquet_error.select_error(), SelectError::ObjectNotFound);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn test_json_document_size_error_is_resource_exhausted() {
        assert!(validate_json_document_size(super::MAX_JSON_DOCUMENT_BYTES).is_ok());
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ impl SessionCtxFactory {
            let path = Path::from(context.input.key.clone());
            store.put(&path, data_bytes.into()).await.map_err(|e| {
                error!("put data into memory failed: {}", e.to_string());
-                QueryError::StoreError { e: e.to_string() }
+                QueryError::from(DataFusionError::from(e))
            })?;

            df_session_state.with_object_store(&store_url, store).build()
@@ -477,16 +477,11 @@ fn test_parquet_bytes() -> QueryResult<Vec<u8>> {

    let mut bytes = Vec::new();
    {
-        let mut writer =
-            ArrowWriter::try_new(&mut bytes, schema, None).map_err(|e| QueryError::StoreError { e: e.to_string() })?;
-        writer
-            .write(&first_batch)
-            .map_err(|e| QueryError::StoreError { e: e.to_string() })?;
-        writer.flush().map_err(|e| QueryError::StoreError { e: e.to_string() })?;
-        writer
-            .write(&second_batch)
-            .map_err(|e| QueryError::StoreError { e: e.to_string() })?;
-        writer.close().map_err(|e| QueryError::StoreError { e: e.to_string() })?;
+        let mut writer = ArrowWriter::try_new(&mut bytes, schema, None).map_err(DataFusionError::from)?;
+        writer.write(&first_batch).map_err(DataFusionError::from)?;
+        writer.flush().map_err(DataFusionError::from)?;
+        writer.write(&second_batch).map_err(DataFusionError::from)?;
+        writer.close().map_err(DataFusionError::from)?;
    }
    Ok(bytes)
 }
@@ -509,7 +504,8 @@ fn test_parquet_batch(
            Arc::new(Int32Array::from(salaries.to_vec())),
        ],
    )
-    .map_err(|e| QueryError::StoreError { e: e.to_string() })
+    .map_err(DataFusionError::from)
+    .map_err(QueryError::from)
 }

 #[cfg(test)]