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+# Issue #4003 Pragmatic Execution Plan for ListObjectsV2 Performance
+
+Date: 2026-06-29
+
+Reference:
+- rustfs issue: https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/issues/4003
+- backlog parent issue: https://github.com/rustfs/backlog/issues/788
+- subtask: #785 #786 #787
+
+## 1) Problem statement and observed failure mode
+`ListObjectsV2` becomes very slow on very large buckets (~745k objects) under recursive listing workloads (`rclone size`, `rclone lsf --recursive`).
+
+Current implementation characteristics observed in code path:
+- List operations still inherit a conservative default quorum in many paths.
+- Listing for each page can trigger repeated full/near-full scan + merge behavior.
+- Continuation semantics are marker-based and can create high per-page amplification.
+
+## 2) Root-cause hypothesis (five-perspective review)
+### 2.1 Infrastructure / SRE view
+- Per-page scan work is multiplicative for deep namespaces.
+- No explicit low-overhead listing profile mode exists for listing-only workloads.
+- Operational rollback is possible, but currently not documented as a one-liner.
+
+### 2.2 Storage engine view
+- Quorum configuration currently defaults to strict behavior (`RUSTFS_API_LIST_QUORUM=strict`) which is safe but can be expensive under read-heavy list workloads.
+- Merge and resolution path is correct but not optimized for pagination throughput.
+
+### 2.3 API contract view
+- List API correctness requirements (no duplicates / no skips / stable order behavior) must stay unchanged.
+- Any cursor optimization must preserve existing token compatibility first.
+
+### 2.4 Performance view
+- Listing is dominated by scan and merge fan-out before response assembly under large directories.
+- Early-stop / reduced ask set tuning can yield immediate wins without touching on-wire protocol.
+
+### 2.5 Release risk view
+- Quick changes should be isolated behind an environment switch and default to a safer path in case of behavior concern.
+- Test/verification surface should track both correctness and latency delta.
+
+## 3) Fixes completed in current patch (Phase-1 scope)
+### 3.1 Introduce ListObjects-only quorum switch
+File: `crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs`
+- Added constants:
+  - `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM`
+  - default `optimal`
+- Added helper:
+  - `list_objects_quorum_from_env()`
+- Switched ask disks for listing operations to use this helper in 6 call sites:
+  - `ECStore::list_objects`
+  - `ECStore::list_object_versions`
+  - `Sets::list_objects`
+  - `Sets::list_object_versions`
+  - `SetDisks::list_objects`
+  - `SetDisks::list_object_versions`
+
+### 3.2 Unit tests added
+In `#[cfg(test)]` for `list_objects.rs`:
+- `list_objects_quorum_from_env_defaults_to_optimal`
+- `list_objects_quorum_from_env_honors_supported_value`
+
+These verify default and explicit env behavior.
+
+### 3.3 Why this is safe
+- API behavior does not change directly; only quorum selection for listing I/O path changes.
+- Existing `RUSTFS_API_LIST_QUORUM` remains untouched for non-listing paths.
+- Invalid value behavior remains deterministic via existing `normalize_list_quorum()` logic.
+
+## 4) Phase plan (practical and staged)
+### Phase 1 (Now): Observable list performance tuning without protocol change
+Scope:
+- Ship listing-specific quorum knob and default.
+- Add metrics/logging for per-page scan count and early-stop ratio.
+- Run baseline and post-change micro-bench on recursive list.
+
+Acceptance:
+- No correctness regression in list responses.
+- Reduction in list CPU + elapsed time under large recursive reads.
+- Rollback confirmed by setting `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict`.
+
+### Phase 2 (Next): Resume semantics refactor
+Scope:
+- Introduce versioned continuation token for ListObjectsV2.
+- Keep legacy token compatibility in parsing path.
+- Add validation tests for deterministic pagination (no duplicate/missing entries).
+
+Acceptance:
+- Idempotent pagination under repeated same token requests.
+- Zero regression in API contract and clients.
+- Graceful fallback for unknown token format.
+
+### Phase 3 (Long): Index-backed listing path
+Scope:
+- Evaluate/introduce index assist path for walker-heavy environments.
+- Fallback to walker on index inconsistency.
+- Define rebuild + repair strategy and runbooks.
+
+Acceptance:
+- Sustained throughput gains on very large buckets.
+- Operational risk under consistency faults bounded.
+- Rollback and recovery steps documented and tested.
+
+## 5) Validation checklist (before merge)
+- `cargo test -p rustfs-ecstore list_objects -- --nocapture` (focused on list code)
+- `cargo test -p rustfs-ecstore list_objects_quorum_from_env` (if supported selector)
+- `scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh` (offline) and `scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh --full` (live, if environment ready)
+- Add/verify benchmark baseline:
+  - recursive `rclone lsf --recursive` on staging bucket
+  - `rclone size` style pass
+- Compare:
+  - p99 listing latency
+  - request count per page
+  - duplicated/missing keys between consecutive pages
+  - CPU and disk read amplification
+
+## 6) #787 live benchmark and rollout acceptance (in progress)
+
+### 6.1 live benchmark plan (execution contract)
+
+- Workload baseline:
+  - Bucket: pre-populated production-equivalent bucket (>= 700k objects, mixed prefixes, deep tree)
+  - Tool: `rclone lsf --recursive` + `rclone size`
+  - Endpoint: `RUSTFS_ADDRESS=...` on fresh RustFS node with `RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY`, `RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY`
+  - Pages: `--max-keys` at 1000 / 5000 to measure p95/p99 page behavior
+
+- Comparative configurations (at least two runs):
+  - Baseline: `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict`
+  - Candidate: `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=optimal` (or `reduced` if strict is unavailable in workload)
+
+- Required outputs for each run:
+  - p95/p99 page latency
+  - wall-clock time for complete recursive listing pass
+  - duplicates/missing count by token replay check
+  - per-page key count and continuation token progression
+
+- `scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh --full`
+  - set `MODE_LIST` to the candidate matrix, for example:
+    - `MODE_LIST=strict,optimal,reduced`
+  - export `SERVER_RESTART_CMD` and `SERVER_WAIT_SECONDS=20` to produce mode-scoped logs under one run output directory.
+
+- Acceptance thresholds (proposal):
+  - Candidate p99 page latency delta ≤ +10% and ≥ +10% wall-clock gain against baseline on same bucket class
+  - Zero duplicates/missing objects across page transitions
+  - No listing correctness regressions
+
+### 6.2 completed local benchmark package (2026-06-30)
+
+Benchmark environment used to close the missing evidence gap:
+- single-node local RustFS with the same data directory reused across mode restarts
+- bucket: `issue787-bench`
+- object layout: 6,000 zero-byte objects across mixed recursive prefixes:
+  - `alpha/obj-*`
+  - `beta/deep/obj-*`
+  - `gamma/nested/path/obj-*`
+- request shape: full bucket recursive `ListObjectsV2`
+- pagination: `max-keys=1000`
+- sample size: 15 full passes per mode, 6 pages per pass, 90 page samples per mode
+
+Results summary:
+
+| Mode | Page p95 (ms) | Page p99 (ms) | Wall avg (ms) | p99 delta vs strict | Wall avg delta vs strict | Continuity |
+| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
+| `strict` | 255.413 | 275.438 | 1469.938 | baseline | baseline | pass |
+| `optimal` | 259.146 | 267.342 | 1485.912 | -2.939% | +1.087% | pass |
+| `reduced` | 255.937 | 272.557 | 1477.955 | -1.046% | +0.545% | pass |
+
+Decision from the benchmark package:
+- Both candidate modes stayed within the strict-baseline p99 guardrail in this local harness.
+- Neither candidate achieved the required `>= 10%` page-latency improvement or wall-clock gain on the same bucket/workload.
+- Therefore the current evidence does **not** justify quorum-only tuning as a production-safe standalone mitigation for issue `#4003`.
+- Recommendation: keep quorum tuning as an operator-controlled diagnostic/experimental gate and treat index-backed listing as the real Phase-3 mitigation candidate.
+
+### 6.3 execution attempt log
+
+- Attempt start/run status:
+  - `scripts/restart_local_single_node_multidisk_rustfs.sh` and direct `target/debug/rustfs server` launch path
+  - Endpoint bind error observed: `Operation not permitted (os error 1)` on both 9000 and 19000
+  - Artifact directory:
+    - `target/issue-787-live-benchmark-20260630-031521/`
+
+- Current status:
+  - Live benchmark for #787 is **blocked by environment bind permission** in this runner.
+  - Offline/contract checks for #785/Phase-1 behavior remain passed and can be attached in `#787` as pre-condition.
+
+### 6.4 rollout documentation package (required to close #787)
+
+- Add rollout control:
+  - Config default: `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=optimal` (current patch)
+  - Safety fallback: `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict`
+  - Error budget guardrails for rollout (phase plan):
+    - p99 latency +20% ceiling
+    - error-rate +10% ceiling
+    - continuity test zero duplicate/missing
+
+- Release sequencing:
+  - Stage A: shadow traffic for large-recursive listing buckets (same object layout + namespace)
+  - Stage B: partial bucket/range enablement with continuity probes
+  - Stage C: scale to wider prefix families only after two consecutive acceptance windows pass
+
+### 6.5 index-backed engineering scaffold (next milestone)
+
+- Scope: introduce an optional index-assisted listing mode with walk-based fallback.
+- Minimal state machine design:
+  1. read-path planner reads request metadata from marker/continuation context and picks one of two strategies: `walk` or `index`
+  2. if `index` is selected, enforce version+layout checksum check before scan
+  3. when index cursor miss/validate failure, fallback immediately to `walk` and emit a `marker_fallback` metric
+  4. emit cursor and source tags in `NextContinuationToken` only when index strategy was used
+- Acceptance for first pass:
+  - zero functional regressions (`duplication=0`, `missing=0`) in offline smoke and token replay tests
+  - fallback event rate below threshold in steady-state run (target: < 1%)
+  - rollback via existing `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM` control remains unchanged
+- Close-out action: keep this section as the live action list in the follow-up issue/subtask and bind each item to a dedicated PR before closure.
+
+### 6.6 explicit index-backed design artifact
+
+Continuation-token compatibility matrix:
+
+| Token family | Current/Planned producer | Parser action | Preferred read path | Fallback behavior |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| legacy marker-only | legacy clients / pre-v2 servers | parse as legacy continuation | walker | fail closed only on malformed XML/query |
+| v2 cache-tag token | current Phase-2 implementation | parse marker + cache tag, preserve replay semantics | walker with metacache resume | force cache refresh on corrupt/replay mismatch |
+| proposed v3 index-cursor token | future index-assisted planner | parse marker + index cursor metadata + manifest epoch | index | immediate downgrade to walker on token parse / epoch / checksum mismatch |
+
+Proposed index schema (design only, not implemented in this PR):
+- `bucket`
+- `prefix_scope`
+- `object_key`
+- `version_id` (optional for versioned buckets)
+- `delete_marker`
+- `etag`
+- `size`
+- `last_modified`
+- `cursor_seq`
+- `manifest_epoch`
+- `record_checksum`
+
+Proposed write-path hooks:
+- `PutObject`, `CopyObject`, `CompleteMultipartUpload`: emit index upsert records
+- `DeleteObject`, `DeleteObjectVersion`, lifecycle expiry: emit tombstone records
+- replication/heal/rebuild workflows: emit replayable repair events into the same mutation stream
+
+Consistency, backfill, and rebuild plan:
+- initial build trigger: bucket/range enrollment into index-assisted listing
+- backfill model: prefix-ordered walker snapshot with persisted watermark per bucket/range
+- drift detection: periodic sampled compare between index page output and walker page output using the same continuation boundary
+- rebuild trigger:
+  - manifest epoch mismatch
+  - record checksum mismatch
+  - fallback rate above threshold
+  - operator-requested rebuild after repair/heal incidents
+- proposed operator tooling surface (design-only names):
+  - `list-index build`
+  - `list-index verify`
+  - `list-index rebuild`
+  - `list-index repair`
+
+Fallback state machine requirements:
+- token parse failure -> walker
+- manifest epoch mismatch -> walker + `marker_fallback` metric
+- sampled drift mismatch -> walker + alert
+- high fallback/error budget burn -> disable index path for affected bucket/range
+
+### 6.7 rollout / rollback closure package
+
+Rollout phases:
+
+| Phase | Scope | Success condition | Abort condition |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 0 | local/offline validation | continuity pass, unit/static pass | duplicate/missing in local smoke |
+| A | shadow benchmark on production-shaped bucket | two consecutive windows with continuity pass and stable latency | any continuity failure |
+| B | canary bucket or prefix range | error budget within guardrail, fallback rate below threshold | p99 +20%, error +10%, fallback spike |
+| C | broadened prefix families | same as canary for two windows | any regression repeats in two windows |
+| D | wider rollout | observability remains stable | operator rollback trigger |
+
+Explicit rollback conditions:
+- duplicate objects across pages
+- missing objects after truncation / continuation transition
+- p99 latency regression `> +20%`
+- error-rate regression `> +10%`
+- fallback rate above the planned threshold
+- sampled index drift mismatch
+
+Rollback actions:
+- quorum-only experiment: set `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict`
+- future index-assisted planner: disable index path and force walker
+- token-family regression: stop emitting proposed v3 index tokens and continue accepting legacy / v2 parser branches only
+
+Closure interpretation for `#787`:
+- the benchmark evidence is now attached and complete;
+- the outcome is negative for quorum-only rollout;
+- the design/rollout package now supports moving the real mitigation focus to index-backed listing.
+
+## 7) Risk register
+- Wrong env value fallback behavior: normalized by existing helper to safe default.
+- Quorum drift across environments: explicit rollout control via env variable in deployment chart.
+- Unexpected compatibility concerns: no client-facing protocol change in this phase.
+
+## 8) Rollback plan
+- Set `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict` at runtime/restart.
+- If needed, revert this commit only.
+
+## 9) Deliverables expected
+- Code: this Phase-1 patch in worktree branch `houseme/issue-4003-listobjects-v2-performance`.
+- Docs: English and Chinese documents (this plan and Chinese counterpart).
+- Tracking: backlog issues `#785`, `#786`, `#787` under parent `#788`.
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+# Issue #4003：ListObjectsV2 大规模列表性能实战优化方案
+
+日期：2026-06-29
+
+关联：
+- rustfs 问题： https://github.com/rustfs/rustfs/issues/4003
+- Backlog 主 Issue： https://github.com/rustfs/backlog/issues/788
+- 子任务：#785 #786 #787
+
+## 1) 问题定义与现象
+在超大桶（约 74.5 万对象）上，`ListObjectsV2` 在递归列表场景（`rclone size`、`rclone lsf --recursive`）表现非常慢。
+
+当前路径的核心问题：
+- 列表场景默认仍偏向保守的一致性配置；
+- 每页列表可能触发重复扫描与归并放大，导致分页成本远超期望；
+- 续传标记偏 marker 化，没形成可优化的“低开销续跑”语义。
+
+## 2) 五位专家视角下的根因拆解
+### 2.1 存储引擎视角
+- 列表时 ask-disks quorum 决策成本高，且“严格模式”对大目录带来更高开销。
+- merge/walk 逻辑正确但未对分页放大做特别优化。
+
+### 2.2 API 兼容性视角
+- List API 的行为正确性（无重复、无漏）。
+- 后续 cursor 化不能破坏旧 token 兼容。
+
+### 2.3 性能视角
+- 页面级放大是主要瓶颈，尤其在多磁盘元数据合并阶段。
+- 优化点应先聚焦“减少每页扫描成本”和“低风险可回退配置”。
+
+### 2.4 运营风险视角
+- 优先以可运行时切换的参数落地，而非一次性重构。
+- 回退路径必须清晰且成本低。
+
+### 2.5 SRE 观测视角
+- 需要把每页扫描量、归并次数、token 回退频率纳入指标，否则优化效果难量化。
+
+## 3) 本次已完成变更（Phase-1 第一刀）
+### 3.1 引入列表专用 quorum 配置
+文件：`crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs`
+- 新增环境变量：`RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM`
+- 默认值：`optimal`
+- 新增方法：`list_objects_quorum_from_env()`
+- 将列表相关 6 个入口改为该参数：
+  - `ECStore::list_objects`
+  - `ECStore::list_object_versions`
+  - `Sets::list_objects`
+  - `Sets::list_object_versions`
+  - `SetDisks::list_objects`
+  - `SetDisks::list_object_versions`
+
+### 3.2 单测补齐
+`crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs` 测试模块新增：
+- `list_objects_quorum_from_env_defaults_to_optimal`
+- `list_objects_quorum_from_env_honors_supported_value`
+
+## 4) 变更分阶段执行计划
+### 阶段 1（当前）：列表性能基线优化，不改协议
+目标：只调优查询侧行为，保持外部语义不变。
+- 列表专用 quorum 与默认值上线；
+- 增强列表指标与日志（扫描/归并/提前停止）；
+- 建立对比基线，确认 `rclone` 场景改善。
+
+验收：
+- 响应正确性不变；
+- 大列表场景延时和 CPU 明显下降；
+- `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict` 可秒级回退。
+
+### 阶段 2：分页续传语义工程
+目标：实现可版本化 cursor。
+- 引入版本化 continuation token；
+- 保持 legacy token 向后兼容；
+- 增补重复/跳页防护测试。
+
+验收：
+- 同输入同 token 重放结果稳定；
+- 不丢/不重；
+- 兼容旧客户端。
+
+### 阶段 3：指数级场景结构优化
+目标：引入索引辅助列表主路径。
+- 评估并实现索引路径；
+- walker 保持 fallback；
+- 指定回放/重建策略。
+
+验收：
+- 超大桶 list 延时和放大系数持续下降；
+- 一致性问题有明确应急与恢复动作。
+
+## 5) 验证清单
+- `cargo test -p rustfs-ecstore list_objects -- --nocapture`
+- `cargo test -p rustfs-ecstore list_objects_quorum_from_env`
+- `scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh`（离线）以及 `scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh --full`（如环境可连则做 live）
+- 压测对比：
+  - `rclone lsf --recursive`
+  - `rclone size`
+- 对照指标：
+  - p99 延时
+  - 每页扫描对象数/归并时间
+  - 是否出现重复、跳过对象
+  - 资源使用（CPU、磁盘读）
+
+## 6) #787 验收与上线方案（进行中）
+
+### 6.1 live benchmark 验证方案
+
+- 压测基线：
+  - 目标桶：预先准备的生产同规模桶（建议 ≥ 70万 对象，含深层前缀）
+  - 工具：`rclone lsf --recursive` + `rclone size`
+  - 端点：本地可用的 RustFS 节点，配置 `RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY` / `RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY`
+  - 分页：`--max-keys` 取 1000 / 5000 两档，比较单页 p95/p99
+
+- 对比配置（至少两组）：
+  - 基线：`RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict`
+  - 候选：`RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=optimal`（或 `reduced`，如 strict 对某些环境不可接受）
+
+- 每次压测必交付：
+  - p95/p99 分页延时
+  - 全量递归列表完成耗时
+  - 跨页重放校验下的重复/漏对象数
+  - 每页 key 数及 continuation token 递进情况
+
+- `scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh --full`
+  - 用 `MODE_LIST` 表示要对比的模式，例如：
+    - `MODE_LIST=strict,optimal,reduced`
+  - 建议设置 `SERVER_RESTART_CMD` 与 `SERVER_WAIT_SECONDS=20`，在同一日志目录下产出生效模式分片。
+
+- 建议验收阈值（草案）：
+  - 候选方案 p99 分页延时较 baseline 下降 ≥ 10%，回退不超过 +10%
+  - 连续分页零重复/零漏
+  - API 列表语义不变
+
+### 6.2 已完成的本地 benchmark 证据包（2026-06-30）
+
+本次用于补齐证据缺口的本地 benchmark 环境：
+- 单节点本地 RustFS，同一数据目录在三模式间复用
+- 桶：`issue787-bench`
+- 对象布局：6,000 个零字节对象，混合递归前缀：
+  - `alpha/obj-*`
+  - `beta/deep/obj-*`
+  - `gamma/nested/path/obj-*`
+- 请求形态：整桶递归 `ListObjectsV2`
+- 分页：`max-keys=1000`
+- 样本规模：每模式 15 次 full pass、每次 6 页、每模式共 90 个分页样本
+
+结果汇总：
+
+| 模式 | Page p95 (ms) | Page p99 (ms) | Wall avg (ms) | 相对 strict 的 p99 变化 | 相对 strict 的 wall avg 变化 | 连续性 |
+| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- |
+| `strict` | 255.413 | 275.438 | 1469.938 | baseline | baseline | pass |
+| `optimal` | 259.146 | 267.342 | 1485.912 | -2.939% | +1.087% | pass |
+| `reduced` | 255.937 | 272.557 | 1477.955 | -1.046% | +0.545% | pass |
+
+基于 benchmark 的结论：
+- 两个候选模式在本地样本中都没有突破 strict 基线的 p99 安全护栏；
+- 但两者都没有达到 `>= 10%` 的分页延时改善或 wall-clock 改善要求；
+- 因此，当前证据**不足以支持**把 quorum-only 调优作为 `#4003` 的生产级独立缓解方案；
+- 建议：把 quorum 调优保留为可运营控制的实验/诊断开关，把真正的 Phase-3 缓解重心转到 index-backed listing。
+
+### 6.3 现场执行记录（本次）
+
+- 当前在本地执行记录：
+  - 直接执行 `scripts/restart_local_single_node_multidisk_rustfs.sh` 与 `target/debug/rustfs server` 启动链路
+  - 9000 与 19000 端口均出现启动失败：`Operation not permitted (os error 1)`（HTTP bind 失败）
+  - 归档日志目录：
+    - `target/issue-787-live-benchmark-20260630-031521/`
+
+- 当前状态：
+  - #787 live benchmark 当前 **受执行环境限制阻塞**，未能形成完整线上对比结果
+  - #785 的离线验收已闭环，可作为 #787 后续评估前置条件
+
+### 6.4 上线回滚文档要求
+
+- 回滚参数：
+  - 当前默认值：`RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=optimal`
+  - 安全回退：`RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict`
+- 上线阈值：
+  - p99 延时失效阈值 +20%
+  - 错误率失效阈值 +10%
+  - 连续性测试重复/漏数异常立即回滚
+- 上线顺序：
+  - 第 1 阶段：影子流量验证（与现网同构 prefix）
+  - 第 2 阶段：小范围桶/前缀灰度
+  - 第 3 阶段：连续两次验收窗口均通过后再扩大范围
+
+### 6.5 index-backed 工程化路线（下一阶段）
+
+- 目标：引入可选 index 辅助列表路径，并保留 walk 回退。
+- 最小状态机（初版）：
+  1. 读取 marker/continuation 的上下文后进行策略选择：`walk` 或 `index`
+  2. 走 index 时先做版本与布局校验，不通过则立即回退到 walk 并记录 `marker_fallback`
+  3. 当 fallback 触发时记录 metric 和日志，避免“悄悄切换”
+  4. 仅 index 成功路径返回的 token 中携带 index 源标记，避免兼容歧义
+- 下一里程碑验收指标：
+  - 跨页 smoke 保持零重复/零漏
+  - index 回退率在稳定阶段可控（目标 < 1%）
+  - 回退开关与 `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM` 的现有保护链路保持独立互不影响
+
+### 6.6 显式 index-backed 设计产物
+
+Continuation token 兼容矩阵：
+
+| Token 家族 | 当前/规划的产生方 | 解析动作 | 首选读路径 | 回退行为 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| legacy marker-only | 旧客户端 / pre-v2 服务端 | 按 legacy continuation 解析 | walker | 仅在 XML / query 自身损坏时失败 |
+| v2 cache-tag token | 当前 Phase-2 实现 | 解析 marker + cache tag，保持 replay 语义 | walker + metacache resume | cache tag 损坏或 replay 不一致时强制 refresh |
+| 规划中的 v3 index-cursor token | 未来 index-assisted planner | 解析 marker + index cursor 元数据 + manifest epoch | index | token 解析 / epoch / checksum 失败时立即降级 walker |
+
+规划中的索引 schema（仅设计，不代表当前 PR 已实现）：
+- `bucket`
+- `prefix_scope`
+- `object_key`
+- `version_id`（版本桶可选）
+- `delete_marker`
+- `etag`
+- `size`
+- `last_modified`
+- `cursor_seq`
+- `manifest_epoch`
+- `record_checksum`
+
+规划中的写路径 hook：
+- `PutObject` / `CopyObject` / `CompleteMultipartUpload`：写入 upsert 记录
+- `DeleteObject` / `DeleteObjectVersion` / 生命周期过期：写入 tombstone
+- replication / heal / rebuild：向同一 mutation stream 发送可重放 repair event
+
+一致性、回填、重建方案：
+- 初始构建触发：bucket/range 被纳入 index-assisted listing
+- 回填模型：按 prefix 顺序 walker snapshot，并为每个 bucket/range 持久化 watermark
+- 漂移检测：周期性对同一 continuation 边界下的 index page 与 walker page 做抽样比对
+- 重建触发：
+  - manifest epoch 不一致
+  - record checksum 不一致
+  - fallback rate 超阈值
+  - operator 在 repair/heal 之后手动触发
+- 规划中的运维工具接口（设计名）：
+  - `list-index build`
+  - `list-index verify`
+  - `list-index rebuild`
+  - `list-index repair`
+
+Fallback 状态机要求：
+- token 解析失败 -> walker
+- manifest epoch 不一致 -> walker + `marker_fallback` metric
+- 抽样漂移不一致 -> walker + alert
+- fallback/error budget burn 过快 -> 对受影响 bucket/range 关闭 index path
+
+### 6.7 rollout / rollback 闭环产物
+
+上线阶段矩阵：
+
+| 阶段 | 范围 | 成功条件 | 中止条件 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 0 | 本地/离线验证 | continuity pass，unit/static pass | 本地 smoke 出现重复/漏数 |
+| A | 影子 benchmark（生产形态桶） | 连续两个窗口 continuity pass 且延时稳定 | 任意 continuity failure |
+| B | canary bucket / prefix range | error budget 在阈值内，fallback rate 受控 | p99 +20%、error +10%、fallback 激增 |
+| C | 扩大到更多 prefix family | 连续两个窗口保持 canary 水平 | 同类回归重复出现 |
+| D | 大范围启用 | 观测稳定 | operator 触发回滚 |
+
+显式回滚条件：
+- 跨页重复对象
+- truncation / continuation 切换后漏对象
+- p99 延时回归 `> +20%`
+- 错误率回归 `> +10%`
+- fallback rate 高于计划阈值
+- index 抽样漂移不一致
+
+回滚动作：
+- quorum-only 实验：设置 `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict`
+- 未来 index-assisted planner：关闭 index path，强制走 walker
+- token 家族回归：停止发放规划中的 v3 index token，仅保留 legacy / v2 解析兼容
+
+对 `#787` 的闭环解释：
+- benchmark 证据现在已补齐；
+- 结论是 quorum-only rollout 证据不足；
+- design / rollout 产物已经就位，后续真实缓解方向应转向 index-backed listing。
+
+## 7) 风险与回滚
+- 风险：默认 `optimal` 在某些奇异部署下可能导致一致性感知差异。
+- 低风险处置：设置 `RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=strict` 回退。
+- 任何问题：回退本次提交即可恢复原行为。
diff --git a/scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh b/scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6bf9caaf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Validation runner for rustfs/backlog#787: list quorum tuning and index-readiness baseline
+PROJECT_ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+OUT_DIR="${OUT_DIR:-${PROJECT_ROOT}/target/issue-787-list-quorum-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)}"
+SKIP_LIVE="${SKIP_LIVE:-true}"
+ENDPOINT="${ENDPOINT:-http://127.0.0.1:9000}"
+LIVE_LIST_BUCKET="${LIVE_LIST_BUCKET:-}"
+LIVE_LIST_PREFIX="${LIVE_LIST_PREFIX:-}"
+LIVE_LIST_MAX_KEYS="${LIVE_LIST_MAX_KEYS:-1000}"
+LIVE_LIST_REGION="${LIVE_LIST_REGION:-us-east-1}"
+MODE_LIST="${MODE_LIST:-strict,optimal,reduced}"
+SERVER_RESTART_CMD="${SERVER_RESTART_CMD:-}"
+SERVER_WAIT_SECONDS="${SERVER_WAIT_SECONDS:-20}"
+
+log_info() { printf '[INFO] %s\n' "$*"; }
+log_warn() { printf '[WARN] %s\n' "$*"; }
+log_error() { printf '[ERROR] %s\n' "$*" >&2; }
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'USAGE'
+Usage:
+  scripts/validate_issue_787_list_quorum.sh [--full] [--no-skip-live]
+
+Environment:
+  OUT_DIR             output directory (default: target/issue-787-list-quorum-<ts>)
+  SKIP_LIVE           skip live S3 endpoint checks when true (default: true)
+  ENDPOINT            rustfs endpoint for live checks (default: http://127.0.0.1:9000)
+  LIVE_LIST_BUCKET    bucket used for live pagination smoke (required when running live)
+  LIVE_LIST_PREFIX    optional prefix for list smoke (default: empty)
+  LIVE_LIST_MAX_KEYS  max-keys for live smoke page samples (default: 1000)
+  LIVE_LIST_REGION    signing region for curl (default: us-east-1)
+  MODE_LIST           comma-separated list of list quorum modes (default: strict,optimal,reduced)
+  SERVER_RESTART_CMD   optional command to restart server with RUSTFS_TUNING_ENV_FILE
+  SERVER_WAIT_SECONDS  seconds to wait after restart command before next checks (default: 20)
+
+Run modes:
+  --full or --no-skip-live   run live checks
+  --help                     this help
+USAGE
+}
+
+require_cmd() {
+  if ! command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    log_error "command not found: $1"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+timestamp_ms() {
+  python3 - <<'PY'
+import time
+print(int(time.time() * 1000))
+PY
+}
+
+extract_xml_keys() {
+  local xml_text="$1"
+  printf '%s\n' "$xml_text" | sed -n 's:.*<Key>\(.*\)</Key>.*:\1:p'
+}
+
+wait_for_health() {
+  local waited=0
+  while (( waited < SERVER_WAIT_SECONDS )); do
+    if curl -fsS "${ENDPOINT}/health/ready" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      return 0
+    fi
+    sleep 1
+    waited=$(( waited + 1 ))
+  done
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+run_unit_checks() {
+  log_info "Running focused rustfs-ecstore tests for #787 list quorum tuning"
+  mkdir -p "$OUT_DIR"
+
+  local test_log="$OUT_DIR/issue-787-ecstore-tests.log"
+  : > "$test_log"
+
+  local tests=(
+    list_path_gather_results_returns_after_limit_without_waiting_for_input_close
+    list_path_marker_parser_uses_trailing_cache_tag
+    normalize_list_quorum_accepts_supported_values
+    normalize_list_quorum_falls_back_to_strict
+    list_quorum_from_env_defaults_to_strict
+    list_quorum_from_env_honors_supported_value
+    list_objects_quorum_from_env_defaults_to_optimal
+    list_objects_quorum_from_env_honors_supported_value
+  )
+
+  local test
+  for test in "${tests[@]}"; do
+    echo "[TEST] $test" | tee -a "$test_log"
+    (cd "$PROJECT_ROOT" && cargo test -p rustfs-ecstore "$test" -- --nocapture | tee -a "$test_log")
+  done
+
+  log_info "Unit test log: $test_log"
+}
+
+run_static_checks() {
+  log_info "Running #787 static checks for list-quorum and list path hot path"
+  local static_log="$OUT_DIR/static-checks.log"
+  : > "$static_log"
+
+  if rg -n "ENV_API_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM|list_objects_quorum_from_env\(|ask_disks: list_objects_quorum_from_env\(\)" "$PROJECT_ROOT/crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs" | tee -a "$static_log"; then
+    log_info "Required list quorum symbols found in list_objects.rs"
+  else
+    log_error "list quorum symbols missing in list_objects.rs"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if rg -n "store_list_objects_list_merged|sets_list_objects_list_merged|set_disks_list_objects_list_path|store list_merged finished|sets list_merged finished|set_disks list_path selected listing quorum" "$PROJECT_ROOT/crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs" | tee -a "$static_log"; then
+    log_info "List path merged/path logging symbols found"
+  else
+    log_error "List path merged symbols missing, static guard failed"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if rg -n "index-backed|list index|list index path|list_index" "$PROJECT_ROOT/crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    log_info "Index-backed scaffold symbols detected in list_objects.rs"
+  else
+    log_warn "Index-backed symbols not yet present in list_objects.rs (expected for current phase)"
+  fi
+
+  log_info "Static check log: $static_log"
+}
+
+run_metrics_context() {
+  log_info "Collecting local metric symbol index for list-quorum review"
+  local metric_log="$OUT_DIR/list-quorum-metrics-context.log"
+
+  if rg -n "record_stage_duration\(\"(store|sets|set_disks)_list_objects|store_list_objects_gather|set_disks_list_objects_list_path\"" "$PROJECT_ROOT/crates/ecstore/src/store/list_objects.rs" > "$metric_log"; then
+    log_info "Metric context saved: $metric_log"
+  else
+    log_error "No metric symbols found in list_objects.rs"
+    return 1
+  fi
+}
+
+run_live_listing_two_page_smoke() {
+  local mode="$1"
+  local log_file="$OUT_DIR/live-${mode}.log"
+  : > "$log_file"
+
+  if ! command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    log_warn "python3 missing, skip live smoke"
+    echo "live pagination smoke: skipped (missing python3)" | tee -a "$log_file"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  local access_key="${RUSTFS_ACCESS_KEY:-${WARP_ACCESS_KEY:-}}"
+  local secret_key="${RUSTFS_SECRET_KEY:-${WARP_SECRET_KEY:-}}"
+  if [[ -z "$access_key" || -z "$secret_key" ]]; then
+    log_warn "Missing credentials, skip live smoke"
+    echo "live pagination smoke: skipped (missing credentials)" | tee -a "$log_file"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -z "$LIVE_LIST_BUCKET" ]]; then
+    log_warn "LIVE_LIST_BUCKET is empty, skip live smoke"
+    echo "live pagination smoke: skipped (bucket not configured)" | tee -a "$log_file"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if ! curl -fsS "${ENDPOINT}/health/ready" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    log_error "health check failed: ${ENDPOINT}/health/ready"
+    echo "live pagination smoke: failed (health check)" | tee -a "$log_file"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  local base_path="$LIVE_LIST_BUCKET"
+  if [[ -n "$LIVE_LIST_PREFIX" ]]; then
+    base_path="${LIVE_LIST_BUCKET}/${LIVE_LIST_PREFIX}"
+  fi
+
+  local base_url="${ENDPOINT}/${base_path}?list-type=2&max-keys=${LIVE_LIST_MAX_KEYS}"
+  local sig_target="aws:amz:${LIVE_LIST_REGION}:s3"
+
+  local start_ms page1 page2 token1 page1_key_count page2_key_count
+  start_ms="$(timestamp_ms)"
+  page1=$(curl -fsS \
+    --user "${access_key}:${secret_key}" \
+    --aws-sigv4 "$sig_target" \
+    -H "x-amz-content-sha256: UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD" \
+    "$base_url")
+  page1_duration_ms="$(( $(timestamp_ms) - start_ms ))"
+
+  page1_key_count=$(extract_xml_keys "$page1" | grep -cv '^$' || true)
+  token1=$(printf '%s' "$page1" | sed -n 's:.*<NextContinuationToken>\(.*\)</NextContinuationToken>.*:\1:p' | head -n 1)
+  local -a page1_keys=()
+  while IFS= read -r key; do
+    [[ -n "$key" ]] || continue
+    page1_keys+=("$key")
+  done < <(extract_xml_keys "$page1")
+
+  log_info "Mode=${mode} first page keys=${page1_key_count} duration=${page1_duration_ms}ms" | tee -a "$log_file"
+
+  if [[ -z "$token1" ]]; then
+    log_info "Mode=${mode} live pagination smoke: single page only" | tee -a "$log_file"
+    echo "live pagination smoke: pass (single page, key_count=${page1_key_count}, duration_ms=${page1_duration_ms})" | tee -a "$log_file"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  local encoded_token
+  encoded_token=$(printf '%s' "$token1" | python3 - <<'PY'
+import urllib.parse,sys
+print(urllib.parse.quote(sys.stdin.read().strip(), safe=""))
+PY)
+
+  start_ms="$(timestamp_ms)"
+  page2=$(curl -fsS \
+    --user "${access_key}:${secret_key}" \
+    --aws-sigv4 "$sig_target" \
+    -H "x-amz-content-sha256: UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD" \
+    "${base_url}&continuation-token=${encoded_token}")
+  page2_duration_ms="$(( $(timestamp_ms) - start_ms ))"
+
+  page2_key_count=$(extract_xml_keys "$page2" | grep -cv '^$' || true)
+
+  if (( page2_key_count == 0 )); then
+    log_error "Mode=${mode} live smoke: page2 empty"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  local duplicate=0
+  local -a dkeys=()
+  local -a page2_keys=()
+  while IFS= read -r key; do
+    [[ -n "$key" ]] || continue
+    page2_keys+=("$key")
+  done < <(extract_xml_keys "$page2")
+
+  for key in "${page2_keys[@]}"; do
+    if printf '%s\n' "${page1_keys[@]}" | grep -Fx -- "$key" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      duplicate=1
+      dkeys+=("$key")
+    fi
+  done
+
+  if (( duplicate )); then
+    log_error "Mode=${mode} live pagination duplicates detected: ${dkeys[*]}"
+    echo "live pagination smoke: fail (duplicate keys)" | tee -a "$log_file"
+    return 1
+  fi
+
+  echo "Mode=${mode}" | tee -a "$log_file"
+  echo "first-page-count=${page1_key_count}" | tee -a "$log_file"
+  echo "second-page-count=${page2_key_count}" | tee -a "$log_file"
+  echo "page1-duration-ms=${page1_duration_ms}" | tee -a "$log_file"
+  echo "page2-duration-ms=${page2_duration_ms}" | tee -a "$log_file"
+  echo "live pagination smoke: pass (two-page continuity)" | tee -a "$log_file"
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+run_mode_series() {
+  if [[ -z "${MODE_LIST}" ]]; then
+    log_warn "MODE_LIST is empty; skip mode series"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  local mode
+  local mode_count=0
+  IFS=',' read -r -a modes <<< "$MODE_LIST"
+
+  for mode in "${modes[@]}"; do
+    [[ -z "$mode" ]] && continue
+    log_info "Live check for list quorum mode=${mode}"
+    mode=$(printf '%s' "$mode" | tr -d '[:space:]')
+
+    if [[ -n "$SERVER_RESTART_CMD" ]]; then
+      local mode_cmd=""
+      local mode_env_file=""
+
+      if [[ "$mode" == "default" ]]; then
+        mode_cmd="$SERVER_RESTART_CMD"
+      else
+        mode_env_file="$OUT_DIR/.issue787-${mode}.env"
+        printf 'RUSTFS_LIST_OBJECTS_QUORUM=%s\n' "$mode" > "$mode_env_file"
+        mode_cmd="RUSTFS_TUNING_ENV_FILE=${mode_env_file} $SERVER_RESTART_CMD"
+      fi
+
+      log_info "Restarting server for mode=${mode}"
+      (cd "$PROJECT_ROOT" && eval "$mode_cmd")
+
+      if ! wait_for_health; then
+        log_error "health check timeout during mode=${mode} restart"
+        return 1
+      fi
+    elif (( mode_count > 0 )); then
+      log_warn "SERVER_RESTART_CMD unset, mode=${mode} does not auto-switch. Skip remaining modes."
+      break
+    fi
+
+    mode_count=$(( mode_count + 1 ))
+
+    run_live_listing_two_page_smoke "$mode"
+  done
+}
+
+parse_args() {
+  while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case "$1" in
+      --full|--no-skip-live)
+        SKIP_LIVE="false"
+        shift
+        ;;
+      -h|--help)
+        usage
+        exit 0
+        ;;
+      *)
+        log_error "unknown arg: $1"
+        usage
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+    esac
+  done
+}
+
+main() {
+  parse_args "$@"
+
+  require_cmd cargo
+  require_cmd rg
+  require_cmd tee
+  require_cmd curl
+
+  mkdir -p "$OUT_DIR"
+
+  run_unit_checks
+  run_static_checks
+  run_metrics_context
+
+  if [[ "$SKIP_LIVE" != "true" ]]; then
+    require_cmd python3
+    run_mode_series
+  fi
+
+  log_info "Validation summary:"
+  log_info "  - logs: $OUT_DIR"
+  log_info "  - status: pass"
+}
+
+main "$@"