* feat(gitlab-ci): Add `semver-partial` versioning
* Add supported range strategies to semver-partial
* Add test cases for invalid semver inputs
* Remove unused sortVersions spec test
* Add tests for semver-partial versioning edge cases
* Simplify semver-partial version comparison logic
* Rewrite AI slop
* Add tests and improve semver-partial version matching
* Remove support for v-prefixed versions and bump strategy
* Refactor isLessThanRange to use parseVersion/Range
* Remove duplicate test cases in semver-partial spec
* Remove GitLab CI extract changes (split into separate PR)
Sergei Zharinov