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345 lines
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<title>Quinn</title>
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="quinn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Quinn introduction</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="quic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> The QUIC protocol</a></li></ol>
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<h1 class="menu-title">Quinn</h1>
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<main>
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<h1 align="center"><img width="500" src="./docs/thumbnail.svg" /></h1>
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<p><a href="https://docs.rs/quinn/"><img src="https://docs.rs/quinn/badge.svg" alt="Documentation" /></a>
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<a href="https://crates.io/crates/quinn"><img src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/quinn.svg" alt="Crates.io" /></a>
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<a href="LICENSE-MIT"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg" alt="License: MIT" /></a>
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<a href="LICENSE-APACHE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg" alt="License: Apache 2.0" /></a></p>
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<h1><a class="header" href="#pure-rust-quic-protocol-implementation" id="pure-rust-quic-protocol-implementation">Pure-rust QUIC protocol implementation</a></h1>
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<p>Quinn is a pure-rust, future-based implementation of the <a href="https://quicwg.github.io/">QUIC</a> transport protocol undergoing standardization by the IETF.
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This library is at <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-quic-transport/32/">draft 32</a>.</p>
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<h2><a class="header" href="#features" id="features">Features</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Simultaneous client/server operation.</li>
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<li>Ordered and unordered stream reads for improved performance.</li>
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<li>Works on stable Rust, tested on Linux, macOS and Windows.</li>
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<li>Pluggable cryptography, with a standard implementation backed by
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<a href="https://github.com/ctz/rustls">rustls</a> and <a href="https://github.com/briansmith/ring"><em>ring</em></a>.</li>
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<li>Application-layer datagrams for small, unreliable messages.</li>
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<li>Future-based async API.</li>
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<li>Experimental HTTP over QUIC.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a class="header" href="#overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>quinn:</strong> High-level async API based on tokio, see for usage. This will be used by most developers. (Basic benchmarks are included.)</li>
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<li><strong>quinn-proto:</strong> Deterministic state machine of the protocol which performs <a href="https://sans-io.readthedocs.io/how-to-sans-io.html"><strong>no</strong> I/O</a> internally and is suitable for use with custom event loops (and potentially a C or C++ API).</li>
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<li><strong>quinn-h3:</strong> Contains an implementation of HTTP-3 and QPACK. It is split internally in a deterministic state machine and a tokio-based high-level async API.</li>
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<li><strong>bench:</strong> Benchmarks without any framework.</li>
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<li><strong>interop:</strong> Tooling that helps to run interoperability tests.</li>
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<li><strong>fuzz:</strong> Fuzz tests.</li>
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</ul>
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<h1><a class="header" href="#getting-started" id="getting-started">Getting Started</a></h1>
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<p><strong>Examples</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">$ cargo run --example server ./
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$ cargo run --example client https://localhost:4433/Cargo.toml
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</code></pre>
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<p>This launches an HTTP 0.9 server on the loopback address serving the current
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working directory, with the client fetching <code>./Cargo.toml</code>. By default, the
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server generates a self-signed certificate and stores it to disk, where the
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client will automatically find and trust it.</p>
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<p><strong>Links</strong></p>
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<ul>
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<li>Talk at <a href="https://paris.rustfest.eu/sessions/a-quic-future-in-rust">RustFest Paris (May 2018) presentation</a>; <a href="https://dirkjan.ochtman.nl/files/quic-future-in-rust.pdf">slides</a>; <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHgyY5DNdvI">YouTube</a></li>
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<li>Usage <a href="https://github.com/djc/quinn/tree/main/quinn/examples">examples</a></li>
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<li>Guide <a href="https://github.com/djc/quinn/issues/865">book</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a class="header" href="#usage-notes" id="usage-notes">Usage Notes</a></h2>
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<details>
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<summary>
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Click to show the notes
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</summary>
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<h3><a class="header" href="#buffers" id="buffers">Buffers</a></h3>
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<p>A Quinn endpoint corresponds to a single UDP socket, no matter how many
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connections are in use. Handling high aggregate data rates on a single endpoint
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can require a larger UDP buffer than is configured by default in most
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environments. If you observe erratic latency and/or throughput over a stable
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network link, consider increasing the buffer sizes used. For example, you could
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adjust the <code>SO_SNDBUF</code> and <code>SO_RCVBUF</code> options of the UDP socket to be used
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before passing it in to Quinn. Note that some platforms (e.g. Linux) require
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elevated privileges or modified system configuration for a process to increase
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its UDP buffer sizes.</p>
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<h3><a class="header" href="#certificates" id="certificates">Certificates</a></h3>
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<p>By default, Quinn clients validate the cryptographic identity of servers they
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connect to. This prevents an active, on-path attacker from intercepting
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messages, but requires trusting some certificate authority. For many purposes,
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this can be accomplished by using certificates from <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/">Let's Encrypt</a>
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for servers, and relying on the default configuration for clients.</p>
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<p>For some cases, including peer-to-peer, trust-on-first-use, deliberately
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insecure applications, or any case where servers are not identified by domain
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name, this isn't practical. Arbitrary certificate validation logic can be
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implemented by enabling the <code>dangerous_configuration</code> feature of <code>rustls</code> and
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constructing a Quinn <code>ClientConfig</code> with an overridden certificate verifier by
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hand.</p>
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<p>When operating your own certificate authority doesn't make sense, <a href="https://crates.io/crates/rcgen">rcgen</a>
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can be used to generate self-signed certificates on demand. To support
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trust-on-first-use, servers that automatically generate self-signed certificates
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should write their generated certificate to persistent storage and reuse it on
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future runs.</p>
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</details>
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<p></p>
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<h2><a class="header" href="#contribution" id="contribution">Contribution</a></h2>
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<p>All feedback welcome. Feel free to file bugs, requests for documentation and
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any other feedback to the <a href="https://github.com/djc/quinn/issues">issue tracker</a>.</p>
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<p>The quinn-proto test suite uses simulated IO for reproducibility and to avoid
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long sleeps in certain timing-sensitive tests. If the <code>SSLKEYLOGFILE</code>
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environment variable is set, the tests will emit UDP packets for inspection
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using external protocol analyzers like Wireshark, and NSS-compatible key logs
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for the client side of each connection will be written to the path specified in
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the variable.</p>
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<h2><a class="header" href="#authors" id="authors">Authors</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Dirkjan Ochtman</strong> - <em>Project owner & founder</em></li>
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<li><strong>Benjamin Saunders</strong> - <em>Project owner & founder</em></li>
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<li><strong>Jean-Christophe Begue</strong> - <em>Project collaborator, author of the HTTP/3 Implementation</em></li>
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</ul>
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<h1><a class="header" href="#the-quic-protocol" id="the-quic-protocol">The QUIC protocol</a></h1>
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<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QUIC">QUIC</a> is a general-purpose network protocol built on top of UDP.
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The protocol is still under development and standardized by the <a href="https://www.ietf.org/">IETF</a>.
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Quinn strives to implement the latest <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-quic-transport/">draft</a> but may lag a bit behind. Although QUIC is still in a draft phase,
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the protocol is used for all connections from Chrome web browsers to the Google servers. </p>
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<p>QUIC solves a number of transport-layer and application-layer problems experienced by modern web applications.
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It is very similar to TCP+TLS+HTTP2, but implemented on top of UDP.
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Having QUIC as a self-contained protocol allows innovations which aren’t
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possible with existing protocols as they are hampered by legacy clients and middleboxes.</p>
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<p>Key advantages of QUIC over TCP+TLS+HTTP2 include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Improved connection establishment speed (0-rtt).</li>
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<li>Improved congestion control by moving congestion control algorithms into the user space at both endpoints.</li>
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<li>Improved bandwidth estimation in each direction to avoid congestion. </li>
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<li>Improved multiplexing without head-of-line blocking.</li>
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<li>Contains forward error correction (FEC). </li>
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</ul>
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<p>While QUIC's intentions are originally web-oriented, it offers interesting opportunities in other areas like game networking.
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One thing is for sure, QUIC has many great potentials and will serve us in the future with HTTP/3. </p>
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<p>In the upcoming chapter we will be discussing various aspects of QUIC also in relation to Quinn. </p>
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