diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 0d801a02..f8134581 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ and this project adheres to
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
-## Added
+### Added
 
 - 🔧(backend) backport logging configuration from docs
+- 🧑‍💻(backend) add management command to merge duplicate users
 
 ### Fixed
 
diff --git a/src/backend/core/management/__init__.py b/src/backend/core/management/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/backend/core/management/commands/__init__.py b/src/backend/core/management/commands/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/backend/core/management/commands/merge_duplicate_users.py b/src/backend/core/management/commands/merge_duplicate_users.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc7750d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/core/management/commands/merge_duplicate_users.py
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""Management command to merge duplicate users based on their email address."""
+
+# pylint: disable=too-many-locals
+
+from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
+from django.db import transaction
+from django.db.models import Count
+
+from core.models import File, RecordingAccess, ResourceAccess, RoleChoices
+
+User = get_user_model()
+
+ROLE_PRIORITY = {
+    RoleChoices.OWNER: 3,
+    RoleChoices.ADMIN: 2,
+    RoleChoices.MEMBER: 1,
+}
+
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    """
+    Merge duplicate users sharing the same email into the most recently created one.
+
+    The KEPT user is the most recently created. All room memberships, recording
+    accesses and files are transferred to it. When a conflict exists, the
+    higher-privilege role wins. Stale users are then deleted.
+    Each email group is processed inside a single database transaction.
+    """
+
+    help = __doc__
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser):
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "--dry-run",
+            action="store_true",
+            help="Simulate the merge without writing any changes to the database.",
+        )
+
+    def handle(self, *args, **options):
+        """Execute the management command."""
+        dry_run = options["dry_run"]
+
+        if dry_run:
+            self.stdout.write("[DRY-RUN] No changes will be written.\n")
+
+        duplicate_emails = (
+            User.objects.all()
+            .exclude(email__isnull=True)
+            .exclude(email="")
+            .values("email")
+            .annotate(cnt=Count("id"))
+            .filter(cnt__gt=1)
+            .values_list("email", flat=True)
+        )
+
+        if not duplicate_emails:
+            self.stdout.write("[INFO] No duplicate users found. Nothing to do.")
+            return
+
+        self.stdout.write(
+            f"[INFO] Found {len(duplicate_emails)} email(s) with duplicate users."
+        )
+
+        total_merged = 0
+        total_deleted = 0
+        failed_emails = []
+
+        for email in duplicate_emails:
+            # Secondary sort by id ensures a stable, deterministic order when
+            # created_at timestamps are equal (common in tests and bulk imports).
+            users = list(User.objects.filter(email=email).order_by("created_at", "id"))
+            kept_user = users[-1]
+            stale_users = users[:-1]
+
+            self.stdout.write(
+                f"\n[INFO] Email '{email}': {len(users)} users — "
+                f"keeping {kept_user.id} (created {kept_user.created_at.date()})."
+            )
+            for u in stale_users:
+                self.stdout.write(
+                    f"       stale: {u.id} (created {u.created_at.date()})"
+                )
+
+            if dry_run:
+                ra_count = ResourceAccess.objects.filter(user__in=stale_users).count()
+                rca_count = RecordingAccess.objects.filter(user__in=stale_users).count()
+                f_count = File.objects.filter(creator__in=stale_users).count()
+                self.stdout.write(
+                    f"       [DRY-RUN] Would migrate: {ra_count} ResourceAccess, "
+                    f"{rca_count} RecordingAccess, {f_count} File(s)."
+                )
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                group_deleted = 0
+                with transaction.atomic():
+                    for stale_user in stale_users:
+                        self._merge_resource_accesses(stale_user, kept_user)
+                        self._merge_recording_accesses(stale_user, kept_user)
+                        self._merge_files(stale_user, kept_user)
+                        stale_user.delete()
+                        group_deleted += 1
+
+                total_deleted += group_deleted
+                total_merged += 1
+
+            except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 #pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+                failed_emails.append(email)
+                self.stderr.write(f"[ERROR] Failed to merge '{email}': {exc}")
+
+        if failed_emails:
+            raise CommandError(
+                f"Failed to merge {len(failed_emails)} email group(s): {', '.join(failed_emails)}"
+            )
+
+        self.stdout.write(
+            self.style.SUCCESS(
+                f"\n[DONE] Merged {total_merged} group(s), deleted {total_deleted} user(s)."
+            )
+        )
+
+    def _merge_resource_accesses(self, stale_user, kept_user):
+        """Transfer room memberships from stale_user to kept_user."""
+        for ra in ResourceAccess.objects.filter(user=stale_user):
+            existing = ResourceAccess.objects.filter(
+                user=kept_user, resource=ra.resource
+            ).first()
+
+            if existing is None:
+                ra.user = kept_user
+                ra.save(update_fields=["user"])
+            else:
+                if ROLE_PRIORITY.get(ra.role, 0) > ROLE_PRIORITY.get(existing.role, 0):
+                    existing.role = ra.role
+                    existing.save(update_fields=["role"])
+                ra.delete()
+
+    def _merge_recording_accesses(self, stale_user, kept_user):
+        """Transfer recording accesses from stale_user to kept_user."""
+        for rca in RecordingAccess.objects.filter(user=stale_user):
+            existing = RecordingAccess.objects.filter(
+                user=kept_user, recording=rca.recording
+            ).first()
+
+            if existing is None:
+                rca.user = kept_user
+                rca.save(update_fields=["user"])
+            else:
+                if ROLE_PRIORITY.get(rca.role, 0) > ROLE_PRIORITY.get(existing.role, 0):
+                    existing.role = rca.role
+                    existing.save(update_fields=["role"])
+                rca.delete()
+
+    def _merge_files(self, stale_user, kept_user):
+        """Re-assign files created by stale_user to kept_user."""
+        File.objects.filter(creator=stale_user).update(creator=kept_user)
diff --git a/src/backend/core/tests/management/__init__.py b/src/backend/core/tests/management/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/backend/core/tests/management/test_management_merge_duplicate_users.py b/src/backend/core/tests/management/test_management_merge_duplicate_users.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe1d6a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/core/tests/management/test_management_merge_duplicate_users.py
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+"""Tests for the merge_duplicate_users management command."""
+
+from unittest import mock
+
+from django.core.management import base, call_command
+
+import pytest
+
+from core.factories import (
+    FileFactory,
+    UserFactory,
+    UserRecordingAccessFactory,
+    UserResourceAccessFactory,
+)
+from core.models import RecordingAccess, ResourceAccess, RoleChoices, User
+
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.django_db
+
+# pylint: disable=W0613
+
+
+def test_merge_no_duplicates_does_nothing():
+    """Command should do nothing when no duplicate users exist."""
+    user = UserFactory(email="unique@example.com")
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert User.objects.count() == 1
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user.id).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_keeps_most_recently_created_user():
+    """Command should keep the most recently created user when duplicates exist."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert not User.objects.filter(id=user1.id).exists()
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user2.id).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_deletes_all_stale_users():
+    """Command should delete all stale users and keep only the most recently created one."""
+    email = "many@example.com"
+    UserFactory(email=email)
+    UserFactory(email=email)
+    user_kept = UserFactory(email=email)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert User.objects.filter(email=email).count() == 1
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user_kept.id).exists()
+
+
+# ── ResourceAccess ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_merge_transfers_resource_access_to_kept_user():
+    """ResourceAccess should be transferred to the kept user when stale user is merged."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    ra = UserResourceAccessFactory(user=user1)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    ra.refresh_from_db()
+    assert ra.user == user2
+
+
+def test_merge_transfers_multiple_room_accesses():
+    """All ResourceAccesses should be transferred to the kept user when stale user is merged."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    accesses = UserResourceAccessFactory.create_batch(3, user=user1)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert not ResourceAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for ra in accesses:
+        assert ResourceAccess.objects.filter(user=user2, resource=ra.resource).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_all_resource_accesses_owned_by_kept_user_nothing_changes():
+    """ResourceAccesses should remain unchanged when all are already owned by the kept user."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    accesses = UserResourceAccessFactory.create_batch(3, user=user2)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert not ResourceAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for ra in accesses:
+        ra.refresh_from_db()
+        assert ra.user == user2
+
+
+def test_merge_resource_access_conflict_upgrades_to_owner():
+    """ResourceAccess role should be upgraded to owner when stale user has a higher role."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    ra1 = UserResourceAccessFactory(user=user1, role=RoleChoices.OWNER)
+    ra2 = UserResourceAccessFactory(
+        user=user2, resource=ra1.resource, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    other_accesses = UserResourceAccessFactory.create_batch(
+        3, user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    ra2.refresh_from_db()
+    assert ra2.role == RoleChoices.OWNER
+    assert not ResourceAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for ra in other_accesses:
+        assert ResourceAccess.objects.filter(
+            user=user2, resource=ra.resource, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+        ).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_resource_access_conflict_upgrades_to_admin():
+    """ResourceAccess role should be upgraded to admin when stale user has a higher role."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    ra1 = UserResourceAccessFactory(user=user1, role=RoleChoices.ADMIN)
+    ra2 = UserResourceAccessFactory(
+        user=user2, resource=ra1.resource, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    other_accesses = UserResourceAccessFactory.create_batch(
+        3, user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    ra2.refresh_from_db()
+    assert ra2.role == RoleChoices.ADMIN
+    assert not ResourceAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for ra in other_accesses:
+        assert ResourceAccess.objects.filter(
+            user=user2, resource=ra.resource, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+        ).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_resource_access_conflict_does_not_downgrade_role():
+    """ResourceAccess role should not be downgraded when stale user has a lower role."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    ra1 = UserResourceAccessFactory(user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER)
+    ra2 = UserResourceAccessFactory(
+        user=user2, resource=ra1.resource, role=RoleChoices.OWNER
+    )
+    other_accesses = UserResourceAccessFactory.create_batch(
+        3, user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    ra2.refresh_from_db()
+    assert ra2.role == RoleChoices.OWNER
+    assert not ResourceAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for ra in other_accesses:
+        assert ResourceAccess.objects.filter(
+            user=user2, resource=ra.resource, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+        ).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_resource_access_conflict_equal_role_keeps_single_access():
+    """ResourceAccess should keep one entry for the kept user when both ones have the same role."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    ra1 = UserResourceAccessFactory(user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER)
+    UserResourceAccessFactory(
+        user=user2, resource=ra1.resource, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    accesses = ResourceAccess.objects.filter(resource=ra1.resource)
+    assert accesses.count() == 1
+    assert accesses.first().user == user2
+    assert accesses.first().role == RoleChoices.MEMBER
+
+
+# ── RecordingAccess ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_merge_transfers_recording_access_to_kept_user():
+    """RecordingAccess should be transferred to the kept user when stale user is merged."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    rca = UserRecordingAccessFactory(user=user1)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    rca.refresh_from_db()
+    assert rca.user == user2
+
+
+def test_merge_transfers_multiple_recording_accesses():
+    """All RecordingAccesses should be transferred to the kept user when stale user is merged."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    accesses = UserRecordingAccessFactory.create_batch(3, user=user1)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert not RecordingAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for rca in accesses:
+        assert RecordingAccess.objects.filter(
+            user=user2, recording=rca.recording
+        ).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_all_recording_accesses_owned_by_kept_user_nothing_changes():
+    """RecordingAccesses should remain unchanged when all are already owned by the kept user."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    accesses = UserRecordingAccessFactory.create_batch(3, user=user2)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert not RecordingAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for rca in accesses:
+        rca.refresh_from_db()
+        assert rca.user == user2
+
+
+def test_merge_recording_access_conflict_upgrades_to_owner():
+    """RecordingAccess role should be upgraded to owner when stale user has a higher role."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    rca1 = UserRecordingAccessFactory(user=user1, role=RoleChoices.OWNER)
+    rca2 = UserRecordingAccessFactory(
+        user=user2, recording=rca1.recording, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    other_accesses = UserRecordingAccessFactory.create_batch(
+        3, user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    rca2.refresh_from_db()
+    assert rca2.role == RoleChoices.OWNER
+    assert not RecordingAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for rca in other_accesses:
+        assert RecordingAccess.objects.filter(
+            user=user2, recording=rca.recording, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+        ).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_recording_access_conflict_upgrades_to_admin():
+    """RecordingAccess role should be upgraded to admin when stale user has a higher role."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    rca1 = UserRecordingAccessFactory(user=user1, role=RoleChoices.ADMIN)
+    rca2 = UserRecordingAccessFactory(
+        user=user2, recording=rca1.recording, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    other_accesses = UserRecordingAccessFactory.create_batch(
+        3, user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    rca2.refresh_from_db()
+    assert rca2.role == RoleChoices.ADMIN
+    assert not RecordingAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for rca in other_accesses:
+        assert RecordingAccess.objects.filter(
+            user=user2, recording=rca.recording, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+        ).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_recording_access_conflict_does_not_downgrade_role():
+    """RecordingAccess role should not be downgraded when stale user has a lower role."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    rca1 = UserRecordingAccessFactory(user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER)
+    rca2 = UserRecordingAccessFactory(
+        user=user2, recording=rca1.recording, role=RoleChoices.OWNER
+    )
+    other_accesses = UserRecordingAccessFactory.create_batch(
+        3, user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    rca2.refresh_from_db()
+    assert rca2.role == RoleChoices.OWNER
+    assert not RecordingAccess.objects.filter(user=user1).exists()
+    for rca in other_accesses:
+        assert RecordingAccess.objects.filter(
+            user=user2, recording=rca.recording, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+        ).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_recording_access_conflict_equal_role_keeps_single_access():
+    """RecordingAccess should keep one entry for the user when both users have the same role."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    rca1 = UserRecordingAccessFactory(user=user1, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER)
+    UserRecordingAccessFactory(
+        user=user2, recording=rca1.recording, role=RoleChoices.MEMBER
+    )
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    accesses = RecordingAccess.objects.filter(recording=rca1.recording)
+    assert accesses.count() == 1
+    assert accesses.first().user == user2
+    assert accesses.first().role == RoleChoices.MEMBER
+
+
+# ── Files ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_merge_reassigns_files_to_kept_user():
+    """Files should be reassigned to the kept user when stale user is merged."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    files = FileFactory.create_batch(3, creator=user1)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    for f in files:
+        f.refresh_from_db()
+        assert f.creator == user2
+
+
+def test_merge_kept_user_own_files_untouched():
+    """Files already owned by the kept user should remain unchanged after merge."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    FileFactory(creator=user1)
+    kept_file = FileFactory(creator=user2)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    kept_file.refresh_from_db()
+    assert kept_file.creator == user2
+
+
+# ── Dry-run ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_merge_dry_run_does_not_delete_users():
+    """Command should not delete any users when dry-run is enabled."""
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users", dry_run=True)
+    assert User.objects.filter(email="dup@example.com").count() == 2
+
+
+def test_merge_dry_run_does_not_move_resource_access():
+    """Command should not move resource accesses when dry-run is enabled."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    ra = UserResourceAccessFactory(user=user1)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users", dry_run=True)
+    ra.refresh_from_db()
+    assert ra.user == user1
+
+
+def test_merge_dry_run_does_not_move_recording_access():
+    """Command should not move recording accesses when dry-run is enabled."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    ra = UserRecordingAccessFactory(user=user1)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users", dry_run=True)
+    ra.refresh_from_db()
+    assert ra.user == user1
+
+
+def test_merge_dry_run_does_not_move_files():
+    """Command should not reassign files when dry-run is enabled."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    f = FileFactory(creator=user1)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users", dry_run=True)
+    f.refresh_from_db()
+    assert f.creator == user1
+
+
+# ── Isolation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_merge_non_duplicate_users_untouched():
+    """Non-duplicate users should remain untouched when other duplicates are merged."""
+    unique = UserFactory(email="unique@example.com")
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=unique.id).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_non_duplicate_resource_access_untouched():
+    """ResourceAccess of non-duplicate users should remain untouched."""
+    unique = UserFactory(email="unique@example.com")
+    ra = UserResourceAccessFactory(user=unique)
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    ra.refresh_from_db()
+    assert ra.user == unique
+
+
+def test_merge_multiple_email_groups_all_merged():
+    """Command should merge all duplicate email groups in a single run."""
+    for i in range(3):
+        UserFactory(email=f"group{i}@example.com")
+        UserFactory(email=f"group{i}@example.com")
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    for i in range(3):
+        assert User.objects.filter(email=f"group{i}@example.com").count() == 1
+    assert User.objects.count() == 3
+
+
+# ── NULL / blank email guard ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_merge_does_not_merge_users_with_null_email():
+    """Users with NULL email must never be merged together, even if multiple exist."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email=None)
+    user2 = UserFactory(email=None)
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user1.id).exists()
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user2.id).exists()
+
+
+def test_merge_does_not_merge_users_with_blank_email():
+    """Users with empty-string email must never be merged together, even if multiple exist."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="")
+    call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user1.id).exists()
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user2.id).exists()
+
+
+# ── Atomicity ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+@mock.patch(
+    "core.management.commands.merge_duplicate_users.Command._merge_recording_accesses",
+    side_effect=Exception("forced failure"),
+)
+def test_merge_is_atomic_rolls_back_all_on_any_failure(mock_reassign_files):
+    """Merge should be fully rolled back when any step fails."""
+    user1 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    user2 = UserFactory(email="dup@example.com")
+    resource_accesses = UserResourceAccessFactory.create_batch(3, user=user1)
+    recording_accesses = UserRecordingAccessFactory.create_batch(3, user=user1)
+    files = FileFactory.create_batch(3, creator=user1)
+
+    with pytest.raises(base.CommandError):
+        call_command("merge_duplicate_users")
+
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user1.id).exists()
+    assert User.objects.filter(id=user2.id).exists()
+    for ra in resource_accesses:
+        ra.refresh_from_db()
+        assert ra.user == user1
+    for rca in recording_accesses:
+        rca.refresh_from_db()
+        assert rca.user == user1
+    for f in files:
+        f.refresh_from_db()
+        assert f.creator == user1