diff --git a/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/components/ScreenShareZoomControls.tsx b/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/components/ScreenShareZoomControls.tsx
index 51bba8ff..775bc3f1 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/components/ScreenShareZoomControls.tsx
+++ b/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/components/ScreenShareZoomControls.tsx
@@ -79,9 +79,6 @@ export const ScreenShareZoomControls = ({
   }, [containerRef])
 
   const wheelShortcutVisual = isMacintosh() ? '⌘+scroll' : 'Ctrl+scroll'
-  const wheelShortcutSR = t(
-    isMacintosh() ? 'wheelShortcutMac' : 'wheelShortcut'
-  )
 
   return (
     <div
@@ -102,7 +99,6 @@ export const ScreenShareZoomControls = ({
           borderRadius: '2rem',
           padding: '0.5rem',
           alignItems: 'center',
-          overflow: 'hidden',
           opacity: 0.7,
           transition: 'opacity 200ms linear',
           _hover: {
@@ -113,55 +109,71 @@ export const ScreenShareZoomControls = ({
         <span className={srOnly}>
           {t(isMacintosh() ? 'wheelShortcutHintMac' : 'wheelShortcutHint')}
         </span>
-        {isZoomed && (
-          <>
-            <Button
-              size="sm"
-              variant="primaryTextDark"
-              square
-              tooltip={t('fitToWindow')}
-              aria-label={t('fitToWindow')}
-              onPress={onResetZoom}
-            >
-              <RiFullscreenExitLine size={20} />
-            </Button>
-            <Button
-              size="sm"
-              variant="primaryTextDark"
-              square
-              tooltip={t('zoomOutWithShortcut', { shortcut: wheelShortcutVisual })}
-              aria-label={t('zoomOutWithShortcut', { shortcut: wheelShortcutSR })}
-              isDisabled={!canZoomOut}
-              onPress={onZoomOut}
-            >
-              <RiZoomOutLine size={20} />
-            </Button>
-            {/* Visual only - zoom level is announced via useScreenReaderAnnounce. */}
-            <span
-              aria-hidden="true"
-              className={css({
-                color: 'white',
-                fontSize: '0.8125rem',
-                fontWeight: 500,
-                minWidth: '3.25rem',
-                textAlign: 'center',
-                userSelect: 'none',
-                display: 'flex',
-                alignItems: 'center',
-                justifyContent: 'center',
-                padding: '0 0.25rem',
-              })}
-            >
-              {zoomPercentage} %
-            </span>
-          </>
-        )}
+        {/* Animated wrapper: collapses to 0 when not zoomed. padding/margin
+            trick keeps overflow:hidden from clipping focus rings. */}
+        <div
+          className={css({
+            display: 'flex',
+            alignItems: 'center',
+            overflow: 'hidden',
+            transition: 'max-width 200ms ease-out, opacity 200ms ease-out',
+            padding: '3px',
+            margin: '-3px',
+          })}
+          style={{
+            maxWidth: isZoomed ? '12rem' : '0',
+            opacity: isZoomed ? 1 : 0,
+          }}
+          aria-hidden={!isZoomed}
+        >
+          <Button
+            size="sm"
+            variant="primaryTextDark"
+            square
+            tooltip={t('fitToWindow')}
+            aria-label={t('fitToWindow')}
+            isDisabled={!isZoomed}
+            onPress={onResetZoom}
+          >
+            <RiFullscreenExitLine size={20} />
+          </Button>
+          <Button
+            size="sm"
+            variant="primaryTextDark"
+            square
+            tooltip={t('zoomOutWithShortcut', { shortcut: wheelShortcutVisual })}
+            aria-label={t('zoomOut')}
+            isDisabled={!isZoomed || !canZoomOut}
+            onPress={onZoomOut}
+          >
+            <RiZoomOutLine size={20} />
+          </Button>
+          {/* Visual only - zoom level is announced via useScreenReaderAnnounce. */}
+          <span
+            aria-hidden="true"
+            className={css({
+              color: 'white',
+              fontSize: '0.8125rem',
+              fontWeight: 500,
+              minWidth: '3.25rem',
+              textAlign: 'center',
+              userSelect: 'none',
+              display: 'flex',
+              alignItems: 'center',
+              justifyContent: 'center',
+              padding: '0 0.25rem',
+              whiteSpace: 'nowrap',
+            })}
+          >
+            {zoomPercentage} %
+          </span>
+        </div>
         <Button
           size="sm"
           variant="primaryTextDark"
           square
           tooltip={t('zoomInWithShortcut', { shortcut: wheelShortcutVisual })}
-          aria-label={t('zoomInWithShortcut', { shortcut: wheelShortcutSR })}
+          aria-label={t('zoomIn')}
           isDisabled={!canZoomIn}
           onPress={onZoomIn}
         >
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/components/ScreenShareZoomableVideo.tsx b/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/components/ScreenShareZoomableVideo.tsx
index ce59442c..dc5e0976 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/components/ScreenShareZoomableVideo.tsx
+++ b/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/components/ScreenShareZoomableVideo.tsx
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ export const ScreenShareZoomableVideo = ({
   const { t } = useTranslation('rooms', { keyPrefix: 'screenShareZoom' })
   const announce = useScreenReaderAnnounce()
 
-  // Single SR announcement per zoom change (buttons only expose the action label).
+  // SR announcement: announce zoom level on change, with a one-time pan hint
+  // on the first zoom above 100 % per session.
   const prevZoomRef = useRef(zoom.zoomPercentage)
   const hasAnnouncedPanHint = useRef(false)
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -50,50 +51,35 @@ export const ScreenShareZoomableVideo = ({
     return () => el.removeEventListener('keydown', zoom.handleKeyDown)
   }, [tileRef, zoom.handleKeyDown])
 
-  // Native wheel listener so we can use { passive: false } and preventDefault.
-  // React onWheel is passive — Ctrl+scroll would zoom the whole browser page.
-  const zoomSurfaceRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
+  // Native wheel listener with { passive: false } so preventDefault works.
   useEffect(() => {
-    const el = zoomSurfaceRef.current
+    const el = zoom.surfaceElRef.current
     if (!el) return
     el.addEventListener('wheel', zoom.handleWheel, { passive: false })
     return () => el.removeEventListener('wheel', zoom.handleWheel)
-  }, [zoom.handleWheel])
-
-  let panCursor: React.CSSProperties['cursor'] = 'default'
-  if (zoom.isZoomed) {
-    panCursor = zoom.isDragging ? 'grabbing' : 'grab'
-  }
+  }, [zoom.handleWheel, zoom.surfaceElRef])
 
   return (
     <>
-      {/* Pan/zoom surface - Ctrl+wheel to zoom, drag when zoomed. */}
-      {/* eslint-disable-next-line jsx-a11y/no-static-element-interactions */}
       <div
-        ref={zoomSurfaceRef}
+        ref={zoom.surfaceElRef}
         className={css({
           width: '100%',
           height: '100%',
           overflow: 'hidden',
           position: 'relative',
           userSelect: 'none',
+          touchAction: 'none',
         })}
-        style={{
-          cursor: panCursor,
-        }}
-        onMouseDown={zoom.handlePanStart}
-        onMouseMove={zoom.handlePanMove}
-        onMouseUp={zoom.handlePanEnd}
-        onMouseLeave={zoom.handlePanEnd}
+        {...zoom.moveProps}
       >
         <div
+          ref={zoom.transformElRef}
           style={{
             width: '100%',
             height: '100%',
             pointerEvents: 'none',
-            transform: `scale(${zoom.zoomLevel}) translate(${zoom.panOffset.x}%, ${zoom.panOffset.y}%)`,
             transformOrigin: 'center center',
-            transition: zoom.isDragging ? 'none' : 'transform 150ms ease-out',
           }}
         >
           <ScreenShareVideoTrack
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/hooks/useScreenShareZoom.ts b/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/hooks/useScreenShareZoom.ts
index 296595f6..2e5b9cc5 100644
--- a/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/hooks/useScreenShareZoom.ts
+++ b/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/hooks/useScreenShareZoom.ts
@@ -1,83 +1,117 @@
-import { useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react'
+import { useCallback, useRef, useSyncExternalStore } from 'react'
+import { useMove } from 'react-aria'
+import type { MoveMoveEvent } from '@react-types/shared'
+import {
+  MIN_ZOOM,
+  PAN_STEP,
+  WHEEL_ZOOM_SPEED,
+  ZOOM_STEP,
+  type PanOffset,
+  type ZoomSnapshot,
+  buildZoomSnapshot,
+  clampPan,
+  clampZoom,
+  getCursorFromZoomState,
+  getCursorPercentsFromWheelEvent,
+  getPanDeltaPercentsFromMove,
+  getWheelPanOffset,
+  getZoomTransform,
+} from '../utils/screenShareZoom'
 
-const MIN_ZOOM = 1
-const MAX_ZOOM = 4
-const ZOOM_STEP = 0.1
-const WHEEL_ZOOM_SPEED = 0.002
-const WHEEL_ZOOM_FOCUS_BLEND = 0.3
-const PAN_STEP = 5
-const PAN_CLAMP_HALF = 50
+/**
+ * Manages zoom and pan state for a remote screen share.
+ *
+ * Performance: zoom/pan live in refs and are applied imperatively to the DOM
+ * (via transformElRef / surfaceElRef) so the hot path (drag, wheel) never
+ * triggers a React re-render. A useSyncExternalStore snapshot is flushed only
+ * when the toolbar UI needs to update (zoom level change, drag end).
+ *
+ * Drag/touch panning is handled by react-aria's useMove (moveProps).
+ * Ctrl/Cmd + wheel zoom is a native listener (must be non-passive to
+ * preventDefault and block browser page zoom).
+ * Arrow key panning and +/-/0 zoom are on a keydown listener attached to the
+ * tile container (which has tabIndex=0 and focus).
+ */
+export const useScreenShareZoom = () => {
+  const zoomRef = useRef(MIN_ZOOM)
+  const panRef = useRef<PanOffset>({ x: 0, y: 0 })
+  const draggingRef = useRef(false)
 
-interface PanOffset {
-  x: number
-  y: number
-}
+  // The consumer binds these to the inner transform div and the outer drag surface.
+  const transformElRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null)
+  const surfaceElRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null>(null)
 
-export function useScreenShareZoom() {
-  const [zoomLevel, setZoomLevel] = useState(MIN_ZOOM)
-  const [panOffset, setPanOffset] = useState<PanOffset>({ x: 0, y: 0 })
-  const [isDragging, setIsDragging] = useState(false)
-
-  // Ref for event handlers; state drives cursor re-renders during drag.
-  const isDraggingRef = useRef(false)
-  const dragStart = useRef<PanOffset>({ x: 0, y: 0 })
-  const panStart = useRef<PanOffset>({ x: 0, y: 0 })
-
-  const isZoomed = zoomLevel > MIN_ZOOM
-  const canZoomIn = zoomLevel < MAX_ZOOM
-  const canZoomOut = zoomLevel > MIN_ZOOM
-
-  const clampPan = useCallback(
-    (pan: PanOffset, zoom: number): PanOffset => {
-      // Max pan in %, keeps content within the visible area at a given zoom level.
-      const maxPan = ((zoom - 1) / zoom) * PAN_CLAMP_HALF
-      return {
-        x: Math.max(-maxPan, Math.min(maxPan, pan.x)),
-        y: Math.max(-maxPan, Math.min(maxPan, pan.y)),
-      }
-    },
-    []
+  // Snapshot store: subscribers are notified only on explicit flush() calls.
+  const snapshotRef = useRef<ZoomSnapshot>(
+    buildZoomSnapshot(MIN_ZOOM, { x: 0, y: 0 }, false)
   )
+  const listenersRef = useRef(new Set<() => void>())
 
-  const clampZoom = useCallback((value: number) => {
-    return Math.max(MIN_ZOOM, Math.min(MAX_ZOOM, value))
+  const subscribe = useCallback((cb: () => void) => {
+    listenersRef.current.add(cb)
+    return () => {
+      listenersRef.current.delete(cb)
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  const getSnapshot = useCallback(() => snapshotRef.current, [])
+
+  const snapshot = useSyncExternalStore(subscribe, getSnapshot, getSnapshot)
+
+  const flush = useCallback(() => {
+    snapshotRef.current = buildZoomSnapshot(
+      zoomRef.current,
+      panRef.current,
+      draggingRef.current
+    )
+    listenersRef.current.forEach((cb) => cb())
+  }, [])
+
+  const applyTransform = useCallback((transition: boolean) => {
+    const el = transformElRef.current
+    if (!el) return
+    el.style.transform = getZoomTransform(zoomRef.current, panRef.current)
+    el.style.transition = transition ? 'transform 150ms ease-out' : 'none'
+  }, [])
+
+  const applyCursor = useCallback(() => {
+    const el = surfaceElRef.current
+    if (!el) return
+    el.style.cursor = getCursorFromZoomState(
+      zoomRef.current,
+      draggingRef.current
+    )
   }, [])
 
   const zoomIn = useCallback(() => {
-    setZoomLevel((prev) => {
-      const next = clampZoom(prev + ZOOM_STEP)
-      setPanOffset((pan) => clampPan(pan, next))
-      return next
-    })
-  }, [clampZoom, clampPan])
+    const next = clampZoom(zoomRef.current + ZOOM_STEP)
+    zoomRef.current = next
+    panRef.current = clampPan(panRef.current, next)
+    applyTransform(true)
+    applyCursor()
+    flush()
+  }, [applyTransform, applyCursor, flush])
 
   const zoomOut = useCallback(() => {
-    setZoomLevel((prev) => {
-      const next = clampZoom(prev - ZOOM_STEP)
-      if (next <= MIN_ZOOM) {
-        setPanOffset({ x: 0, y: 0 })
-        return MIN_ZOOM
-      }
-      setPanOffset((pan) => clampPan(pan, next))
-      return next
-    })
-  }, [clampZoom, clampPan])
+    const next = clampZoom(zoomRef.current - ZOOM_STEP)
+    zoomRef.current = next
+    panRef.current =
+      next <= MIN_ZOOM ? { x: 0, y: 0 } : clampPan(panRef.current, next)
+    applyTransform(true)
+    applyCursor()
+    flush()
+  }, [applyTransform, applyCursor, flush])
 
   const resetZoom = useCallback(() => {
-    setZoomLevel(MIN_ZOOM)
-    setPanOffset({ x: 0, y: 0 })
-  }, [])
-
-  // Arrow key panning (keyboard a11y).
-  const panBy = useCallback(
-    (dx: number, dy: number) => {
-      setPanOffset((pan) =>
-        clampPan({ x: pan.x + dx, y: pan.y + dy }, zoomLevel)
-      )
-    },
-    [zoomLevel, clampPan]
-  )
+    zoomRef.current = MIN_ZOOM
+    panRef.current = { x: 0, y: 0 }
+    applyTransform(true)
+    applyCursor()
+    flush()
+  }, [applyTransform, applyCursor, flush])
 
+  // Must be attached with { passive: false } so preventDefault() blocks
+  // the browser's native Ctrl+scroll page zoom.
   const handleWheel = useCallback(
     (e: WheelEvent) => {
       if (!e.ctrlKey && !e.metaKey) return
@@ -86,89 +120,95 @@ export function useScreenShareZoom() {
       e.stopPropagation()
 
       const target = e.currentTarget as HTMLElement
+      const prev = zoomRef.current
       const delta = -e.deltaY * WHEEL_ZOOM_SPEED
-      const rect = target.getBoundingClientRect()
-      const cursorXPercent =
-        ((e.clientX - rect.left) / rect.width) * 100 - PAN_CLAMP_HALF
-      const cursorYPercent =
-        ((e.clientY - rect.top) / rect.height) * 100 - PAN_CLAMP_HALF
+      const next = clampZoom(prev + delta)
 
-      setZoomLevel((prev) => {
-        const next = clampZoom(prev + delta)
-
-        if (next <= MIN_ZOOM) {
-          setPanOffset({ x: 0, y: 0 })
-          return MIN_ZOOM
-        }
-
-        setPanOffset((pan) => {
-          const zoomRatio = next / prev
-          return clampPan(
-            {
-              x:
-                pan.x +
-                (cursorXPercent - pan.x) *
-                  (1 - 1 / zoomRatio) *
-                  WHEEL_ZOOM_FOCUS_BLEND,
-              y:
-                pan.y +
-                (cursorYPercent - pan.y) *
-                  (1 - 1 / zoomRatio) *
-                  WHEEL_ZOOM_FOCUS_BLEND,
-            },
-            next
-          )
+      if (next <= MIN_ZOOM) {
+        zoomRef.current = MIN_ZOOM
+        panRef.current = { x: 0, y: 0 }
+      } else {
+        const { cursorXPercent, cursorYPercent } =
+          getCursorPercentsFromWheelEvent(e, target)
+        zoomRef.current = next
+        panRef.current = getWheelPanOffset({
+          pan: panRef.current,
+          prevZoom: prev,
+          nextZoom: next,
+          cursorXPercent,
+          cursorYPercent,
         })
+      }
 
-        return next
-      })
+      applyTransform(false)
+      applyCursor()
+      flush()
     },
-    [clampZoom, clampPan]
+    [applyTransform, applyCursor, flush]
   )
 
-  const handlePanStart = useCallback(
-    (e: React.MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
-      if (!isZoomed) return
-
-      e.preventDefault()
-      isDraggingRef.current = true
-      setIsDragging(true)
-      dragStart.current = { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY }
-      panStart.current = { ...panOffset }
+  // useMove handles mouse drag + touch pan. Keyboard arrows are not handled
+  // here because moveProps is on the zoom surface, while focus is on the tile
+  // container, see handleKeyDown below.
+  const { moveProps } = useMove({
+    onMoveStart() {
+      if (zoomRef.current <= MIN_ZOOM) return
+      draggingRef.current = true
+      applyCursor()
+      flush()
     },
-    [isZoomed, panOffset]
-  )
+    onMove(e: MoveMoveEvent) {
+      if (zoomRef.current <= MIN_ZOOM) return
 
-  const handlePanMove = useCallback(
-    (e: React.MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
-      if (!isDraggingRef.current) return
+      const el = surfaceElRef.current
+      if (!el) return
 
-      const rect = e.currentTarget.getBoundingClientRect()
-      const deltaXPercent =
-        ((e.clientX - dragStart.current.x) / rect.width) * 100
-      const deltaYPercent =
-        ((e.clientY - dragStart.current.y) / rect.height) * 100
-
-      setPanOffset(
-        clampPan(
-          {
-            x: panStart.current.x + deltaXPercent,
-            y: panStart.current.y + deltaYPercent,
-          },
-          zoomLevel
-        )
+      const { deltaXPercent, deltaYPercent } = getPanDeltaPercentsFromMove(
+        e.deltaX,
+        e.deltaY,
+        el
       )
+
+      panRef.current = clampPan(
+        {
+          x: panRef.current.x + deltaXPercent,
+          y: panRef.current.y + deltaYPercent,
+        },
+        zoomRef.current
+      )
+
+      applyTransform(false)
+      // Mouse drag: skip flush (imperative-only) to avoid re-renders per frame.
+      // Keyboard: flush so the toolbar reflects the updated position.
+      if (e.pointerType === 'keyboard') {
+        flush()
+      }
     },
-    [zoomLevel, clampPan]
+    onMoveEnd() {
+      draggingRef.current = false
+      applyTransform(true)
+      applyCursor()
+      flush()
+    },
+  })
+
+  const panBy = useCallback(
+    (dx: number, dy: number) => {
+      panRef.current = clampPan(
+        { x: panRef.current.x + dx, y: panRef.current.y + dy },
+        zoomRef.current
+      )
+      applyTransform(true)
+      flush()
+    },
+    [applyTransform, flush]
   )
 
-  const handlePanEnd = useCallback(() => {
-    isDraggingRef.current = false
-    setIsDragging(false)
-  }, [])
-
+  // Attached to the tile container (not the zoom surface) where keyboard
+  // focus lives. Arrows pan, +/-/0 zoom.
   const handleKeyDown = useCallback(
     (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+      const isZoomed = zoomRef.current > MIN_ZOOM
       if (!isZoomed && e.key !== '+' && e.key !== '=') return
 
       switch (e.key) {
@@ -203,25 +243,18 @@ export function useScreenShareZoom() {
           break
       }
     },
-    [isZoomed, panBy, zoomIn, zoomOut, resetZoom]
+    [panBy, zoomIn, zoomOut, resetZoom]
   )
 
   return {
-    zoomLevel,
-    zoomPercentage: Math.round(zoomLevel * 100),
-    panOffset,
-    isZoomed,
-    isDragging,
-    canZoomIn,
-    canZoomOut,
+    ...snapshot,
+    transformElRef,
+    surfaceElRef,
+    moveProps,
     zoomIn,
     zoomOut,
     resetZoom,
-    panBy,
     handleWheel,
-    handlePanStart,
-    handlePanMove,
-    handlePanEnd,
     handleKeyDown,
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/utils/screenShareZoom.ts b/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/utils/screenShareZoom.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20fcb09e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/frontend/src/features/rooms/livekit/utils/screenShareZoom.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+export const MIN_ZOOM = 1
+export const MAX_ZOOM = 4
+export const ZOOM_STEP = 0.1
+export const WHEEL_ZOOM_SPEED = 0.002
+export const WHEEL_ZOOM_FOCUS_BLEND = 0.3
+export const PAN_STEP = 5
+export const PAN_CLAMP_HALF = 50
+
+export interface PanOffset {
+  x: number
+  y: number
+}
+
+export interface ZoomSnapshot {
+  zoomLevel: number
+  zoomPercentage: number
+  panOffset: PanOffset
+  isZoomed: boolean
+  isDragging: boolean
+  canZoomIn: boolean
+  canZoomOut: boolean
+}
+
+export const clampZoom = (value: number) => {
+  return Math.max(MIN_ZOOM, Math.min(MAX_ZOOM, value))
+}
+
+// Restrict pan so the content edge never passes the viewport center.
+export const clampPan = (pan: PanOffset, zoom: number): PanOffset => {
+  const maxPan = ((zoom - 1) / zoom) * PAN_CLAMP_HALF
+  return {
+    x: Math.max(-maxPan, Math.min(maxPan, pan.x)),
+    y: Math.max(-maxPan, Math.min(maxPan, pan.y)),
+  }
+}
+
+export const buildZoomSnapshot = (
+  zoom: number,
+  pan: PanOffset,
+  dragging: boolean
+): ZoomSnapshot => {
+  return {
+    zoomLevel: zoom,
+    zoomPercentage: Math.round(zoom * 100),
+    panOffset: pan,
+    isZoomed: zoom > MIN_ZOOM,
+    isDragging: dragging,
+    canZoomIn: zoom < MAX_ZOOM,
+    canZoomOut: zoom > MIN_ZOOM,
+  }
+}
+
+export const getZoomTransform = (zoom: number, pan: PanOffset) => {
+  return `scale(${zoom}) translate(${pan.x}%, ${pan.y}%)`
+}
+
+export const getCursorFromZoomState = (zoom: number, dragging: boolean) => {
+  if (zoom <= MIN_ZOOM) return 'default'
+  return dragging ? 'grabbing' : 'grab'
+}
+
+// Blend the current pan toward the cursor position so the zoom "tracks" the pointer.
+export const getWheelPanOffset = ({
+  pan,
+  prevZoom,
+  nextZoom,
+  cursorXPercent,
+  cursorYPercent,
+}: {
+  pan: PanOffset
+  prevZoom: number
+  nextZoom: number
+  cursorXPercent: number
+  cursorYPercent: number
+}): PanOffset => {
+  const zoomRatio = nextZoom / prevZoom
+  return clampPan(
+    {
+      x:
+        pan.x +
+        (cursorXPercent - pan.x) * (1 - 1 / zoomRatio) * WHEEL_ZOOM_FOCUS_BLEND,
+      y:
+        pan.y +
+        (cursorYPercent - pan.y) * (1 - 1 / zoomRatio) * WHEEL_ZOOM_FOCUS_BLEND,
+    },
+    nextZoom
+  )
+}
+
+// Convert cursor pixel position to a % offset from the surface center.
+export const getCursorPercentsFromWheelEvent = (
+  e: WheelEvent,
+  target: HTMLElement
+) => {
+  const rect = target.getBoundingClientRect()
+  return {
+    cursorXPercent:
+      ((e.clientX - rect.left) / rect.width) * 100 - PAN_CLAMP_HALF,
+    cursorYPercent:
+      ((e.clientY - rect.top) / rect.height) * 100 - PAN_CLAMP_HALF,
+  }
+}
+
+// Convert useMove pixel deltas to % of the surface dimensions.
+export const getPanDeltaPercentsFromMove = (
+  deltaX: number,
+  deltaY: number,
+  surface: HTMLElement
+) => {
+  const rect = surface.getBoundingClientRect()
+  return {
+    deltaXPercent: (deltaX / rect.width) * 100,
+    deltaYPercent: (deltaY / rect.height) * 100,
+  }
+}