certctl/internal/deploy/ownership.go

// Copyright 2026 certctl LLC. All rights reserved.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

package deploy

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"os/user"
	"strconv"
	"syscall"
)

// runningAsRoot reports whether the current process has uid 0.
// Used by applyOwnership to decide whether chown EPERM is fatal
// (we're root and SHOULD have been allowed; bug) vs ignorable
// (we're a regular user; chown to a different uid will always
// fail; not actionable). Operators run agents as root in
// production, so this fork only hides EPERM in dev/CI.
func runningAsRoot() bool {
	return os.Geteuid() == 0
}

// resolvedOwnership describes the final (mode, uid, gid) to apply
// to a destination file. Resolution honors the precedence:
//
//  1. Explicit File.Mode/Owner/Group → use as given
//  2. Existing destination file → preserve that file's mode/uid/gid
//  3. Plan.Defaults / WriteOptions.Default* → use as fallback
//  4. Nothing set → leave as os.WriteFile default (file mode = 0644
//     for new files; uid/gid = process-effective)
//
// uid / gid are -1 when no chown should occur (no override AND no
// existing file AND no default → leave as-is).
type resolvedOwnership struct {
	Mode       os.FileMode
	UID        int // -1 = do not chown
	GID        int // -1 = do not chgrp (must come together with UID)
	ModeSet    bool
	OwnerLabel string // best-effort string for diagnostics ("" if unknown)
	GroupLabel string
}

// resolveOwnership computes the final mode/uid/gid for a file.
// existingStat is nil when the destination does not exist.
func resolveOwnership(file File, defaults FileDefaults, existingStat os.FileInfo) (resolvedOwnership, error) {
	res := resolvedOwnership{UID: -1, GID: -1}

	// Mode resolution.
	switch {
	case file.Mode != 0:
		res.Mode = file.Mode
		res.ModeSet = true
	case existingStat != nil:
		res.Mode = existingStat.Mode().Perm()
		res.ModeSet = true
	case defaults.Mode != 0:
		res.Mode = defaults.Mode
		res.ModeSet = true
	default:
		// Nothing to apply; AtomicWriteFile uses os.WriteFile's
		// default 0644-ish for new files, preserves for existing.
		res.Mode = 0
		res.ModeSet = false
	}

	// Owner / group resolution.
	owner, group := file.Owner, file.Group
	switch {
	case owner != "" && group != "":
		// explicit override
	case existingStat != nil:
		// preserve existing — extract from sys-stat
		uid, gid, ok := unixOwnerFromStat(existingStat)
		if ok {
			res.UID, res.GID = uid, gid
			// Best-effort labels for logs (don't fail if user/group
			// has been deleted from /etc/passwd between deploys).
			if u, err := user.LookupId(strconv.Itoa(uid)); err == nil {
				res.OwnerLabel = u.Username
			}
			if g, err := user.LookupGroupId(strconv.Itoa(gid)); err == nil {
				res.GroupLabel = g.Name
			}
		}
		return res, nil
	case defaults.Owner != "" && defaults.Group != "":
		owner, group = defaults.Owner, defaults.Group
	default:
		// No override, no existing file, no defaults — leave UID/GID
		// at -1 so AtomicWriteFile skips the chown entirely.
		return res, nil
	}

	uid, err := lookupUID(owner)
	if err != nil {
		return res, fmt.Errorf("resolve owner %q: %w", owner, err)
	}
	gid, err := lookupGID(group)
	if err != nil {
		return res, fmt.Errorf("resolve group %q: %w", group, err)
	}
	res.UID, res.GID = uid, gid
	res.OwnerLabel, res.GroupLabel = owner, group
	return res, nil
}

// applyOwnership applies the resolved (mode, uid, gid) to path.
// Both chown and chmod are best-effort: we attempt them, log
// warnings on failure, but do NOT fail the deploy. The agent runs
// as root in production; running as a regular user (CI / developer
// workstation) means chown to a different user fails with EPERM,
// which is expected and not actionable. The deploy semantically
// succeeded — only ownership lift was skipped.
//
// The "is this acceptable to silently swallow chown failure?"
// question is answered yes for two reasons:
//   - In production (root agent), failures are real OS-level
//     issues that show up in the audit log + Prometheus
//     deploy_validate_failures_total counter.
//   - In dev (non-root), failures are expected behavior; tests
//     would otherwise need to be skipped or run with sudo.
//
// Connectors that NEED hard ownership enforcement (e.g. compliance
// audits) can wrap a stat-after-write check in their PostCommit.
func applyOwnership(path string, res resolvedOwnership) error {
	if res.ModeSet {
		if err := os.Chmod(path, res.Mode); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("chmod %s to %#o: %w", path, res.Mode, err)
		}
	}
	if res.UID >= 0 && res.GID >= 0 {
		if err := os.Chown(path, res.UID, res.GID); err != nil {
			// In non-root contexts (dev, CI), chown to a
			// different uid will fail with one of EPERM (most
			// filesystems) or EINVAL (some tmpfs configs). The
			// agent runs as root in production where chown
			// will succeed; the dev-time failure is not an
			// actionable signal and would otherwise force every
			// test to run as root. We swallow the chown error
			// when we're not root. Production agents (uid 0)
			// still hard-fail on chown errors so genuine
			// issues surface.
			if runningAsRoot() {
				return fmt.Errorf("chown %s to %d:%d: %w", path, res.UID, res.GID, err)
			}
			// Non-root chown failure: silently skip. The
			// caller's audit log + Prometheus deploy-counter
			// surface the "ownership lift requested but not
			// granted" condition for production where it
			// matters.
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// lookupUID resolves a username to a numeric uid. Accepts numeric
// strings ("1000") as a passthrough so the agent can accept either
// "nginx" or "1000" in operator config.
func lookupUID(username string) (int, error) {
	if username == "" {
		return -1, errors.New("empty username")
	}
	if uid, err := strconv.Atoi(username); err == nil {
		return uid, nil
	}
	u, err := user.Lookup(username)
	if err != nil {
		return -1, err
	}
	uid, err := strconv.Atoi(u.Uid)
	if err != nil {
		return -1, fmt.Errorf("user %q has non-numeric uid %q: %w", username, u.Uid, err)
	}
	return uid, nil
}

// lookupGID resolves a group name to a numeric gid.
func lookupGID(groupname string) (int, error) {
	if groupname == "" {
		return -1, errors.New("empty groupname")
	}
	if gid, err := strconv.Atoi(groupname); err == nil {
		return gid, nil
	}
	g, err := user.LookupGroup(groupname)
	if err != nil {
		return -1, err
	}
	gid, err := strconv.Atoi(g.Gid)
	if err != nil {
		return -1, fmt.Errorf("group %q has non-numeric gid %q: %w", groupname, g.Gid, err)
	}
	return gid, nil
}

// unixOwnerFromStat extracts (uid, gid) from a Unix-style FileInfo.
// On non-Unix platforms or when the underlying stat doesn't expose
// uid/gid, returns ok=false.
func unixOwnerFromStat(fi os.FileInfo) (uid int, gid int, ok bool) {
	if fi == nil {
		return -1, -1, false
	}
	if sysStat, isUnix := fi.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); isUnix {
		return int(sysStat.Uid), int(sysStat.Gid), true
	}
	return -1, -1, false
}