certctl/cmd/agent/main.go

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"crypto/ecdsa"
	"crypto/elliptic"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"crypto/x509"
	"crypto/x509/pkix"
	"encoding/json"
	"encoding/pem"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log/slog"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/target"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/target/apache"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/target/f5"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/target/haproxy"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/target/iis"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/target/nginx"
)

// AgentConfig represents the agent-side configuration.
type AgentConfig struct {
	ServerURL     string   // Control plane server URL (e.g., http://localhost:8443)
	APIKey        string   // Agent API key for authentication
	AgentName     string   // Agent name for identification
	AgentID       string   // Agent ID for API calls (set after registration or from env)
	Hostname      string   // Server hostname
	KeyDir        string   // Directory for storing private keys (default: /var/lib/certctl/keys)
	DiscoveryDirs []string // Directories to scan for certificates (comma-separated via env)
}

// Agent represents the local agent that runs on target servers.
// It periodically sends heartbeats, polls for work, executes deployment and CSR jobs,
// and scans configured directories for existing certificates.
// In agent keygen mode, private keys are generated and stored locally — they never leave
// this process or filesystem.
type Agent struct {
	config *AgentConfig
	logger *slog.Logger
	client *http.Client

	// Configuration
	heartbeatInterval     time.Duration
	pollInterval          time.Duration
	discoveryInterval     time.Duration
	consecutiveFailures   int
}

// WorkResponse represents the response from the work polling endpoint.
type WorkResponse struct {
	Jobs  []JobItem `json:"jobs"`
	Count int       `json:"count"`
}

// JobItem represents a job returned from the control plane, enriched with target/cert details.
type JobItem struct {
	ID            string          `json:"id"`
	Type          string          `json:"type"`
	CertificateID string          `json:"certificate_id"`
	CommonName    string          `json:"common_name,omitempty"`
	SANs          []string        `json:"sans,omitempty"`
	TargetID      *string         `json:"target_id,omitempty"`
	TargetType    string          `json:"target_type,omitempty"`
	TargetConfig  json.RawMessage `json:"target_config,omitempty"`
	Status        string          `json:"status"`
}

// NewAgent creates a new agent instance.
func NewAgent(cfg *AgentConfig, logger *slog.Logger) *Agent {
	return &Agent{
		config:            cfg,
		logger:            logger,
		client:            &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second},
		heartbeatInterval: 60 * time.Second,
		pollInterval:      30 * time.Second,
		discoveryInterval: 6 * time.Hour, // scan for certs every 6 hours
	}
}

// Run starts the agent's main loop.
// It sends heartbeats, polls for work, and handles graceful shutdown via context cancellation.
func (a *Agent) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
	a.logger.Info("agent starting",
		"server_url", a.config.ServerURL,
		"agent_name", a.config.AgentName,
		"agent_id", a.config.AgentID,
		"key_dir", a.config.KeyDir)

	// Ensure key directory exists with secure permissions
	if err := os.MkdirAll(a.config.KeyDir, 0700); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create key directory %s: %w", a.config.KeyDir, err)
	}

	// Enforce permissions even if directory already exists
	if err := os.Chmod(a.config.KeyDir, 0700); err != nil {
		a.logger.Warn("failed to enforce key directory permissions", "path", a.config.KeyDir, "error", err)
	}

	// Create ticker channels for heartbeat, polling, and discovery
	heartbeatTicker := time.NewTicker(a.heartbeatInterval)
	defer heartbeatTicker.Stop()

	pollTicker := time.NewTicker(a.pollInterval)
	defer pollTicker.Stop()

	// Run initial heartbeat and poll
	a.sendHeartbeat(ctx)
	a.pollForWork(ctx)

	// Discovery: run initial scan if directories configured, then on interval
	var discoveryTicker *time.Ticker
	if len(a.config.DiscoveryDirs) > 0 {
		a.logger.Info("certificate discovery enabled",
			"directories", a.config.DiscoveryDirs,
			"interval", a.discoveryInterval.String())
		a.runDiscoveryScan(ctx)
		discoveryTicker = time.NewTicker(a.discoveryInterval)
		defer discoveryTicker.Stop()
	} else {
		a.logger.Info("certificate discovery disabled (no CERTCTL_DISCOVERY_DIRS configured)")
		// Create a stopped ticker so the select compiles
		discoveryTicker = time.NewTicker(24 * time.Hour)
		discoveryTicker.Stop()
	}

	// Main event loop
	for {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			a.logger.Info("agent shutting down", "reason", ctx.Err())
			return ctx.Err()

		case <-heartbeatTicker.C:
			a.sendHeartbeat(ctx)

		case <-pollTicker.C:
			if a.consecutiveFailures > 0 {
				backoff := time.Duration(a.consecutiveFailures) * a.pollInterval
				if backoff > 5*time.Minute {
					backoff = 5 * time.Minute
				}
				a.logger.Warn("backing off due to consecutive failures",
					"failures", a.consecutiveFailures,
					"backoff", backoff.String())
				time.Sleep(backoff)
			}
			a.pollForWork(ctx)

		case <-discoveryTicker.C:
			if len(a.config.DiscoveryDirs) > 0 {
				a.runDiscoveryScan(ctx)
			}
		}
	}
}

// getOutboundIP returns the preferred outbound IP address of this machine.
func getOutboundIP() string {
	conn, err := net.Dial("udp", "8.8.8.8:80")
	if err != nil {
		return ""
	}
	defer conn.Close()
	localAddr := conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
	return localAddr.IP.String()
}

// sendHeartbeat sends a heartbeat to the control plane with agent metadata.
// POST /api/v1/agents/{agentID}/heartbeat
func (a *Agent) sendHeartbeat(ctx context.Context) {
	a.logger.Debug("sending heartbeat", "agent_id", a.config.AgentID)

	path := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/agents/%s/heartbeat", a.config.AgentID)
	resp, err := a.makeRequest(ctx, http.MethodPost, path, map[string]string{
		"version":      "1.0.0",
		"hostname":     a.config.Hostname,
		"os":           runtime.GOOS,
		"architecture": runtime.GOARCH,
		"ip_address":   getOutboundIP(),
	})
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("heartbeat failed", "error", err)
		a.consecutiveFailures++
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		a.logger.Error("heartbeat rejected",
			"status", resp.StatusCode,
			"body", string(body))
		a.consecutiveFailures++
		return
	}

	a.consecutiveFailures = 0
	a.logger.Debug("heartbeat acknowledged")
}

// pollForWork queries the control plane for actionable jobs and processes them.
// Jobs may be deployment jobs (Pending) or CSR jobs (AwaitingCSR).
// GET /api/v1/agents/{agentID}/work
func (a *Agent) pollForWork(ctx context.Context) {
	a.logger.Debug("polling for work", "agent_id", a.config.AgentID)

	path := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/agents/%s/work", a.config.AgentID)
	resp, err := a.makeRequest(ctx, http.MethodGet, path, nil)
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("work poll failed", "error", err)
		a.consecutiveFailures++
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		a.logger.Error("work poll rejected",
			"status", resp.StatusCode,
			"body", string(body))
		a.consecutiveFailures++
		return
	}

	var workResp WorkResponse
	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&workResp); err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to decode work response", "error", err)
		a.consecutiveFailures++
		return
	}

	a.consecutiveFailures = 0

	if workResp.Count == 0 {
		a.logger.Debug("no pending work")
		return
	}

	a.logger.Info("received work", "job_count", workResp.Count)

	// Process each job based on type and status
	for _, job := range workResp.Jobs {
		switch {
		case job.Status == "AwaitingCSR":
			// Agent keygen mode: generate key locally, create CSR, submit to server
			a.executeCSRJob(ctx, job)
		case job.Type == "Deployment":
			a.executeDeploymentJob(ctx, job)
		}
	}
}

// executeCSRJob handles an AwaitingCSR job: generates a private key locally, creates a CSR,
// and submits it to the control plane for signing. The private key is stored on the local
// filesystem with 0600 permissions and NEVER sent to the server.
//
// Flow:
// 1. Generate ECDSA P-256 key pair
// 2. Store private key to disk (keyDir/certID.key) with 0600 permissions
// 3. Create CSR with common name and SANs from work response
// 4. Submit CSR to control plane via POST /agents/{id}/csr
// 5. Server signs the CSR and creates a cert version + deployment jobs
func (a *Agent) executeCSRJob(ctx context.Context, job JobItem) {
	a.logger.Info("executing CSR job (agent-side key generation)",
		"job_id", job.ID,
		"certificate_id", job.CertificateID,
		"common_name", job.CommonName)

	// Step 1: Generate ECDSA P-256 key pair
	privKey, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to generate private key",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"error", err)
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("key generation failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}

	a.logger.Info("generated ECDSA P-256 key pair locally",
		"job_id", job.ID,
		"certificate_id", job.CertificateID)

	// Step 2: Store private key to disk with secure permissions
	keyPath := filepath.Join(a.config.KeyDir, job.CertificateID+".key")
	privKeyDER, err := x509.MarshalECPrivateKey(privKey)
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to marshal private key",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"error", err)
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("key marshal failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}

	privKeyPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
		Type:  "EC PRIVATE KEY",
		Bytes: privKeyDER,
	})

	if err := os.WriteFile(keyPath, privKeyPEM, 0600); err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to write private key to disk",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"key_path", keyPath,
			"error", err)
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("key storage failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}

	a.logger.Info("private key stored securely",
		"job_id", job.ID,
		"key_path", keyPath,
		"permissions", "0600")

	// Validate common name is present
	if job.CommonName == "" {
		a.logger.Error("empty common name in CSR job", "job_id", job.ID)
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", "empty common name"); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}

	// Step 3: Create CSR with common name and SANs
	csrTemplate := &x509.CertificateRequest{
		Subject: pkix.Name{
			CommonName: job.CommonName,
		},
		DNSNames: job.SANs,
	}

	csrDER, err := x509.CreateCertificateRequest(rand.Reader, csrTemplate, privKey)
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to create CSR",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"error", err)
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("CSR creation failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}

	csrPEM := string(pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{
		Type:  "CERTIFICATE REQUEST",
		Bytes: csrDER,
	}))

	// Step 4: Submit CSR to the control plane (only the public key leaves the agent)
	a.logger.Info("submitting CSR to control plane",
		"job_id", job.ID,
		"certificate_id", job.CertificateID)

	submitPath := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/agents/%s/csr", a.config.AgentID)
	resp, err := a.makeRequest(ctx, http.MethodPost, submitPath, map[string]string{
		"csr_pem":        csrPEM,
		"certificate_id": job.CertificateID,
	})
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to submit CSR",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"error", err)
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("CSR submission failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		a.logger.Error("CSR submission rejected",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"status", resp.StatusCode,
			"body", string(body))
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("CSR rejected: %s", string(body))); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}

	a.logger.Info("CSR submitted and signed successfully",
		"job_id", job.ID,
		"certificate_id", job.CertificateID,
		"key_path", keyPath)
}

// executeDeploymentJob executes a deployment job by fetching the certificate and deploying it
// to the target system using the appropriate connector (NGINX, F5 BIG-IP, or IIS).
//
// For agent keygen mode, the private key is read from the local key store (keyDir/certID.key)
// rather than fetched from the server. The deployment includes the locally-held key.
//
// Flow:
// 1. Report job as Running
// 2. Fetch the certificate PEM from the control plane
// 3. Load local private key if it exists (agent keygen mode)
// 4. Instantiate the target connector based on target_type from the work response
// 5. Call DeployCertificate on the connector
// 6. Report job as Completed (or Failed)
func (a *Agent) executeDeploymentJob(ctx context.Context, job JobItem) {
	a.logger.Info("executing deployment job",
		"job_id", job.ID,
		"certificate_id", job.CertificateID,
		"target_type", job.TargetType)

	// Report job as running
	if err := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Running", ""); err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to report job running", "error", err)
	}

	// Fetch the certificate from the control plane
	certPEM, err := a.fetchCertificate(ctx, job.CertificateID)
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to fetch certificate",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"error", err)
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("cert fetch failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}

	a.logger.Info("certificate fetched for deployment",
		"job_id", job.ID,
		"cert_length", len(certPEM))

	// Split PEM into cert and chain (separated by double newline between PEM blocks)
	certOnly, chainPEM := splitPEMChain(certPEM)

	// Check for locally-stored private key (agent keygen mode)
	keyPath := filepath.Join(a.config.KeyDir, job.CertificateID+".key")
	var keyPEM string
	keyData, err := os.ReadFile(keyPath)
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to read local private key for deployment",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"key_path", keyPath,
			"error", err)
		if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("key read failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "error", reportErr)
		}
		return
	}
	keyPEM = string(keyData)
	a.logger.Info("loaded local private key for deployment",
		"job_id", job.ID,
		"key_path", keyPath)

	// Deploy to the target using the appropriate connector
	if job.TargetType != "" {
		connector, err := a.createTargetConnector(job.TargetType, job.TargetConfig)
		if err != nil {
			a.logger.Error("failed to create target connector",
				"job_id", job.ID,
				"target_type", job.TargetType,
				"error", err)
			if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("connector init failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
				a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
			}
			return
		}

		deployReq := target.DeploymentRequest{
			CertPEM:      certOnly,
			KeyPEM:       keyPEM,
			ChainPEM:     chainPEM,
			TargetConfig: job.TargetConfig,
			Metadata: map[string]string{
				"certificate_id": job.CertificateID,
				"job_id":         job.ID,
			},
		}

		result, err := connector.DeployCertificate(ctx, deployReq)
		if err != nil {
			a.logger.Error("deployment failed",
				"job_id", job.ID,
				"target_type", job.TargetType,
				"error", err)
			if reportErr := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Failed", fmt.Sprintf("deployment failed: %v", err)); reportErr != nil {
				a.logger.Error("failed to report job status to server", "job_id", job.ID, "status", "Failed", "error", reportErr)
			}
			return
		}

		a.logger.Info("target connector deployment completed",
			"job_id", job.ID,
			"target_type", job.TargetType,
			"success", result.Success,
			"message", result.Message)
	} else {
		a.logger.Info("no target type specified, skipping connector invocation",
			"job_id", job.ID)
	}

	// Report job as completed
	if err := a.reportJobStatus(ctx, job.ID, "Completed", ""); err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to report job completed", "error", err)
		return
	}

	a.logger.Info("deployment job completed", "job_id", job.ID)
}

// createTargetConnector instantiates the appropriate target connector based on type.
func (a *Agent) createTargetConnector(targetType string, configJSON json.RawMessage) (target.Connector, error) {
	switch targetType {
	case "NGINX":
		var cfg nginx.Config
		if len(configJSON) > 0 {
			if err := json.Unmarshal(configJSON, &cfg); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid NGINX config: %w", err)
			}
		}
		return nginx.New(&cfg, a.logger), nil

	case "Apache":
		var cfg apache.Config
		if len(configJSON) > 0 {
			if err := json.Unmarshal(configJSON, &cfg); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid Apache config: %w", err)
			}
		}
		return apache.New(&cfg, a.logger), nil

	case "HAProxy":
		var cfg haproxy.Config
		if len(configJSON) > 0 {
			if err := json.Unmarshal(configJSON, &cfg); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid HAProxy config: %w", err)
			}
		}
		return haproxy.New(&cfg, a.logger), nil

	case "F5":
		var cfg f5.Config
		if len(configJSON) > 0 {
			if err := json.Unmarshal(configJSON, &cfg); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid F5 config: %w", err)
			}
		}
		return f5.New(&cfg, a.logger), nil

	case "IIS":
		var cfg iis.Config
		if len(configJSON) > 0 {
			if err := json.Unmarshal(configJSON, &cfg); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IIS config: %w", err)
			}
		}
		return iis.New(&cfg, a.logger), nil

	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported target type: %s", targetType)
	}
}

// splitPEMChain splits a PEM chain into the first certificate (cert) and the rest (chain).
// The control plane returns the full chain as a single string with PEM blocks concatenated.
func splitPEMChain(pemChain string) (string, string) {
	data := []byte(pemChain)
	block, rest := pem.Decode(data)
	if block == nil {
		return pemChain, ""
	}
	cert := string(pem.EncodeToMemory(block))

	// Skip whitespace between cert and chain
	chain := strings.TrimSpace(string(rest))
	if chain == "" {
		return cert, ""
	}
	return cert, chain
}

// fetchCertificate retrieves the certificate PEM chain from the control plane.
// GET /api/v1/agents/{agentID}/certificates/{certID}
func (a *Agent) fetchCertificate(ctx context.Context, certID string) (string, error) {
	path := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/agents/%s/certificates/%s", a.config.AgentID, certID)
	resp, err := a.makeRequest(ctx, http.MethodGet, path, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		return "", fmt.Errorf("server returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
	}

	var certResp struct {
		CertificatePEM string `json:"certificate_pem"`
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&certResp); err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to decode response: %w", err)
	}

	return certResp.CertificatePEM, nil
}

// reportJobStatus reports the result of a job back to the control plane.
// POST /api/v1/agents/{agentID}/jobs/{jobID}/status
func (a *Agent) reportJobStatus(ctx context.Context, jobID string, status string, errorMsg string) error {
	a.logger.Debug("reporting job status",
		"job_id", jobID,
		"status", status)

	path := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/agents/%s/jobs/%s/status", a.config.AgentID, jobID)
	payload := map[string]string{
		"status": status,
	}
	if errorMsg != "" {
		payload["error"] = errorMsg
	}

	resp, err := a.makeRequest(ctx, http.MethodPost, path, payload)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("status report failed: %w", err)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		return fmt.Errorf("server returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
	}

	a.logger.Debug("job status reported", "job_id", jobID, "status", status)
	return nil
}

// makeRequest is a helper for making authenticated HTTP requests to the control plane.
// It includes the API key in the Authorization header.
func (a *Agent) makeRequest(ctx context.Context, method, path string, body interface{}) (*http.Response, error) {
	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", a.config.ServerURL, path)

	var reqBody io.Reader
	if body != nil {
		jsonData, err := json.Marshal(body)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal request body: %w", err)
		}
		reqBody = bytes.NewReader(jsonData)
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, url, reqBody)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
	}

	// Add authentication header
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", a.config.APIKey))
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

	resp, err := a.client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
	}

	return resp, nil
}

// runDiscoveryScan walks configured directories, parses certificate files, and reports
// discovered certificates to the control plane.
// Supports PEM and DER encoded X.509 certificates.
func (a *Agent) runDiscoveryScan(ctx context.Context) {
	a.logger.Info("starting filesystem certificate discovery scan",
		"directories", a.config.DiscoveryDirs)

	startTime := time.Now()
	var certs []discoveredCertEntry
	var scanErrors []string

	for _, dir := range a.config.DiscoveryDirs {
		a.logger.Debug("scanning directory", "path", dir)

		err := filepath.Walk(dir, func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error {
			if err != nil {
				scanErrors = append(scanErrors, fmt.Sprintf("walk error at %s: %v", path, err))
				return nil // continue walking
			}
			if info.IsDir() {
				return nil
			}

			// Skip files larger than 1MB (unlikely to be a certificate)
			if info.Size() > 1*1024*1024 {
				return nil
			}

			// Check file extension
			ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(path))
			switch ext {
			case ".pem", ".crt", ".cer", ".cert":
				found := a.parsePEMFile(path)
				certs = append(certs, found...)
			case ".der":
				if entry, err := a.parseDERFile(path); err == nil {
					certs = append(certs, entry)
				} else {
					a.logger.Debug("skipping non-cert DER file", "path", path, "error", err)
				}
			default:
				// Try PEM parsing for extensionless files or unknown extensions
				if ext == "" || ext == ".key" {
					return nil // skip key files and extensionless
				}
				found := a.parsePEMFile(path)
				if len(found) > 0 {
					certs = append(certs, found...)
				}
			}
			return nil
		})
		if err != nil {
			scanErrors = append(scanErrors, fmt.Sprintf("failed to walk %s: %v", dir, err))
		}
	}

	scanDuration := time.Since(startTime)
	a.logger.Info("discovery scan completed",
		"certificates_found", len(certs),
		"errors", len(scanErrors),
		"duration_ms", scanDuration.Milliseconds())

	if len(certs) == 0 && len(scanErrors) == 0 {
		a.logger.Debug("no certificates found and no errors, skipping report")
		return
	}

	// Build report payload
	entries := make([]map[string]interface{}, len(certs))
	for i, c := range certs {
		entries[i] = map[string]interface{}{
			"fingerprint_sha256": c.FingerprintSHA256,
			"common_name":        c.CommonName,
			"sans":               c.SANs,
			"serial_number":      c.SerialNumber,
			"issuer_dn":          c.IssuerDN,
			"subject_dn":         c.SubjectDN,
			"not_before":         c.NotBefore,
			"not_after":          c.NotAfter,
			"key_algorithm":      c.KeyAlgorithm,
			"key_size":           c.KeySize,
			"is_ca":              c.IsCA,
			"pem_data":           c.PEMData,
			"source_path":        c.SourcePath,
			"source_format":      c.SourceFormat,
		}
	}

	report := map[string]interface{}{
		"agent_id":         a.config.AgentID,
		"directories":      a.config.DiscoveryDirs,
		"certificates":     entries,
		"errors":           scanErrors,
		"scan_duration_ms": int(scanDuration.Milliseconds()),
	}

	// Submit to control plane
	path := fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/agents/%s/discoveries", a.config.AgentID)
	resp, err := a.makeRequest(ctx, http.MethodPost, path, report)
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Error("failed to submit discovery report", "error", err)
		return
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		a.logger.Error("discovery report rejected",
			"status", resp.StatusCode,
			"body", string(body))
		return
	}

	a.logger.Info("discovery report submitted successfully",
		"certificates", len(certs),
		"errors", len(scanErrors))
}

// discoveredCertEntry holds parsed certificate metadata for reporting.
type discoveredCertEntry struct {
	FingerprintSHA256 string   `json:"fingerprint_sha256"`
	CommonName        string   `json:"common_name"`
	SANs              []string `json:"sans"`
	SerialNumber      string   `json:"serial_number"`
	IssuerDN          string   `json:"issuer_dn"`
	SubjectDN         string   `json:"subject_dn"`
	NotBefore         string   `json:"not_before"`
	NotAfter          string   `json:"not_after"`
	KeyAlgorithm      string   `json:"key_algorithm"`
	KeySize           int      `json:"key_size"`
	IsCA              bool     `json:"is_ca"`
	PEMData           string   `json:"pem_data"`
	SourcePath        string   `json:"source_path"`
	SourceFormat      string   `json:"source_format"`
}

// parsePEMFile reads a file and extracts all X.509 certificates from PEM blocks.
func (a *Agent) parsePEMFile(path string) []discoveredCertEntry {
	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
	if err != nil {
		a.logger.Debug("failed to read file", "path", path, "error", err)
		return nil
	}

	var entries []discoveredCertEntry
	rest := data
	for {
		var block *pem.Block
		block, rest = pem.Decode(rest)
		if block == nil {
			break
		}
		if block.Type != "CERTIFICATE" {
			continue
		}
		cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(block.Bytes)
		if err != nil {
			a.logger.Debug("failed to parse certificate in PEM", "path", path, "error", err)
			continue
		}

		pemStr := string(pem.EncodeToMemory(block))
		entries = append(entries, certToEntry(cert, path, "PEM", pemStr))
	}
	return entries
}

// parseDERFile reads a DER-encoded certificate file.
func (a *Agent) parseDERFile(path string) (discoveredCertEntry, error) {
	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
	if err != nil {
		return discoveredCertEntry{}, fmt.Errorf("read failed: %w", err)
	}

	cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(data)
	if err != nil {
		return discoveredCertEntry{}, fmt.Errorf("parse failed: %w", err)
	}

	// Convert to PEM for storage
	pemStr := string(pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: data}))
	return certToEntry(cert, path, "DER", pemStr), nil
}

// certToEntry converts a parsed x509.Certificate into a discoveredCertEntry.
func certToEntry(cert *x509.Certificate, path, format, pemData string) discoveredCertEntry {
	// Compute SHA-256 fingerprint
	fingerprint := fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha256Sum(cert.Raw))

	// Determine key algorithm and size
	keyAlg, keySize := certKeyInfo(cert)

	return discoveredCertEntry{
		FingerprintSHA256: fingerprint,
		CommonName:        cert.Subject.CommonName,
		SANs:              cert.DNSNames,
		SerialNumber:      cert.SerialNumber.Text(16),
		IssuerDN:          cert.Issuer.String(),
		SubjectDN:         cert.Subject.String(),
		NotBefore:         cert.NotBefore.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
		NotAfter:          cert.NotAfter.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
		KeyAlgorithm:      keyAlg,
		KeySize:           keySize,
		IsCA:              cert.IsCA,
		PEMData:           pemData,
		SourcePath:        path,
		SourceFormat:      format,
	}
}

// sha256Sum returns the SHA-256 hash of data.
func sha256Sum(data []byte) [32]byte {
	return sha256.Sum256(data)
}

// certKeyInfo extracts key algorithm name and size from a certificate.
func certKeyInfo(cert *x509.Certificate) (string, int) {
	switch pub := cert.PublicKey.(type) {
	case *ecdsa.PublicKey:
		return "ECDSA", pub.Curve.Params().BitSize
	case *rsa.PublicKey:
		return "RSA", pub.N.BitLen()
	default:
		switch cert.PublicKeyAlgorithm {
		case x509.Ed25519:
			return "Ed25519", 256
		default:
			return cert.PublicKeyAlgorithm.String(), 0
		}
	}
}

func main() {
	// Parse command-line flags (with env var fallbacks for Docker deployment)
	serverURL := flag.String("server", getEnvDefault("CERTCTL_SERVER_URL", "http://localhost:8443"), "Control plane server URL")
	apiKey := flag.String("api-key", getEnvDefault("CERTCTL_API_KEY", ""), "Agent API key")
	agentName := flag.String("name", getEnvDefault("CERTCTL_AGENT_NAME", "certctl-agent"), "Agent name")
	agentID := flag.String("agent-id", getEnvDefault("CERTCTL_AGENT_ID", ""), "Agent ID (from registration)")
	keyDir := flag.String("key-dir", getEnvDefault("CERTCTL_KEY_DIR", "/var/lib/certctl/keys"), "Directory for storing private keys")
	discoveryDirsStr := flag.String("discovery-dirs", getEnvDefault("CERTCTL_DISCOVERY_DIRS", ""), "Comma-separated directories to scan for certificates")
	flag.Parse()

	if *apiKey == "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: -api-key flag or CERTCTL_API_KEY env var is required\n")
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	if *agentID == "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: -agent-id flag or CERTCTL_AGENT_ID env var is required\n")
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Register an agent first via POST /api/v1/agents\n")
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	// Set up structured logging
	logLevel := slog.LevelInfo
	if getEnvDefault("CERTCTL_LOG_LEVEL", "info") == "debug" {
		logLevel = slog.LevelDebug
	}
	logger := slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{
		Level: logLevel,
	}))

	// Get hostname
	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
	if err != nil {
		hostname = "unknown"
	}

	// Parse discovery directories
	var discoveryDirs []string
	if *discoveryDirsStr != "" {
		for _, d := range strings.Split(*discoveryDirsStr, ",") {
			d = strings.TrimSpace(d)
			if d != "" {
				discoveryDirs = append(discoveryDirs, d)
			}
		}
	}

	// Create agent configuration
	agentCfg := &AgentConfig{
		ServerURL:     *serverURL,
		APIKey:        *apiKey,
		AgentName:     *agentName,
		AgentID:       *agentID,
		Hostname:      hostname,
		KeyDir:        *keyDir,
		DiscoveryDirs: discoveryDirs,
	}

	// Create and start agent
	agent := NewAgent(agentCfg, logger)

	// Create context with cancellation for graceful shutdown
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	// Set up signal handling
	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
	signal.Notify(sigChan, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)

	// Run agent in background
	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		defer func() {
			if r := recover(); r != nil {
				logger.Error("agent panicked", "error", fmt.Sprintf("%v", r))
				errChan <- fmt.Errorf("agent panic: %v", r)
			}
		}()
		errChan <- agent.Run(ctx)
	}()

	// Wait for signal or agent error
	select {
	case sig := <-sigChan:
		logger.Info("received shutdown signal", "signal", sig.String())
		cancel()
		<-errChan
	case err := <-errChan:
		if err != context.Canceled {
			logger.Error("agent error", "error", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}

	logger.Info("agent stopped")
}

// getEnvDefault reads an environment variable with a fallback default value.
func getEnvDefault(key, defaultValue string) string {
	if value := os.Getenv(key); value != "" {
		return value
	}
	return defaultValue
}