certctl/cmd/server/main.go

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/api/handler"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/api/middleware"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/api/router"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/config"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/domain"
	discoveryawssm "github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/discovery/awssm"
	discoveryazurekv "github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/discovery/azurekv"
	discoverygcpsm "github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/discovery/gcpsm"
	notifyemail "github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/notifier/email"
	notifyopsgenie "github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/notifier/opsgenie"
	notifypagerduty "github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/notifier/pagerduty"
	notifyslack "github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/notifier/slack"
	notifyteams "github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/connector/notifier/teams"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/repository/postgres"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/scheduler"
	"github.com/shankar0123/certctl/internal/service"
)

func main() {
	// Load configuration
	cfg, err := config.Load()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to load configuration: %v\n", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	// Set up structured logging
	logger := slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(os.Stdout, &slog.HandlerOptions{
		Level: cfg.GetLogLevel(),
	}))

	logger.Info("certctl server starting",
		"version", "2.0.9",
		"server_host", cfg.Server.Host,
		"server_port", cfg.Server.Port)

	// Initialize database connection pool
	db, err := postgres.NewDB(cfg.Database.URL)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Error("failed to connect to database", "error", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	defer db.Close()
	logger.Info("connected to database")

	// Run migrations
	logger.Info("running migrations", "path", cfg.Database.MigrationsPath)
	if err := postgres.RunMigrations(db, cfg.Database.MigrationsPath); err != nil {
		logger.Error("failed to run migrations", "error", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	logger.Info("migrations completed")

	// Initialize repositories with real PostgreSQL connection
	auditRepo := postgres.NewAuditRepository(db)
	certificateRepo := postgres.NewCertificateRepository(db)
	issuerRepo := postgres.NewIssuerRepository(db)
	targetRepo := postgres.NewTargetRepository(db)
	agentRepo := postgres.NewAgentRepository(db)
	jobRepo := postgres.NewJobRepository(db)
	policyRepo := postgres.NewPolicyRepository(db)
	notificationRepo := postgres.NewNotificationRepository(db)
	renewalPolicyRepo := postgres.NewRenewalPolicyRepository(db)
	profileRepo := postgres.NewProfileRepository(db)
	teamRepo := postgres.NewTeamRepository(db)
	ownerRepo := postgres.NewOwnerRepository(db)
	logger.Info("initialized all repositories")

	// Initialize dynamic issuer registry.
	// Issuers are loaded from the database (with AES-256-GCM encrypted config).
	// On first boot with an empty database, env var issuers are seeded automatically.
	//
	// M-8 (CWE-916 / CWE-329): the encryption passphrase is passed as a raw
	// string into IssuerService / TargetService / IssuerRegistry. Each call to
	// crypto.EncryptIfKeySet generates a fresh 16-byte PBKDF2 salt and emits a
	// v2 blob (magic 0x02 || salt || nonce || sealed). Decryption auto-detects
	// v1 legacy blobs (no magic) and falls back to the fixed v1 salt for
	// backward compatibility; v1 blobs transparently upgrade to v2 on next
	// write. DO NOT pre-derive the key here with crypto.DeriveKey — that was
	// the v1 fixed-salt behaviour that M-8 removes.
	encryptionKey := cfg.Encryption.ConfigEncryptionKey
	if encryptionKey != "" {
		logger.Info("config encryption enabled (AES-256-GCM, per-ciphertext PBKDF2 salt)")
	} else {
		// C-2 fix: fail closed at startup when database-sourced issuer or target
		// rows exist without a configured encryption key. Previously the server
		// would emit a one-line warning and silently persist new GUI-created
		// configs as plaintext (CWE-311). Refuse to start instead: the operator
		// must either configure CERTCTL_CONFIG_ENCRYPTION_KEY or remove the
		// vulnerable rows before the control plane can boot.
		ctx := context.Background()
		dbIssuers, ierr := issuerRepo.List(ctx)
		if ierr != nil {
			logger.Error("startup check: failed to list issuers", "error", ierr)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		dbTargets, terr := targetRepo.List(ctx)
		if terr != nil {
			logger.Error("startup check: failed to list targets", "error", terr)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		var dbIssuerCount, dbTargetCount int
		for _, iss := range dbIssuers {
			if iss != nil && iss.Source == "database" {
				dbIssuerCount++
			}
		}
		for _, tgt := range dbTargets {
			if tgt != nil && tgt.Source == "database" {
				dbTargetCount++
			}
		}
		if dbIssuerCount > 0 || dbTargetCount > 0 {
			logger.Error(
				"startup refused: CERTCTL_CONFIG_ENCRYPTION_KEY is not set but database-sourced configs exist "+
					"(would expose sensitive fields as plaintext, CWE-311). "+
					"Set the encryption key or remove the affected rows before restarting.",
				"database_sourced_issuers", dbIssuerCount,
				"database_sourced_targets", dbTargetCount,
			)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		logger.Warn("CERTCTL_CONFIG_ENCRYPTION_KEY not set — env-seeded issuers will be stored in plaintext; GUI-created issuers and targets will be rejected until a key is configured")
	}

	issuerRegistry := service.NewIssuerRegistry(logger)

	// Initialize revocation repository
	revocationRepo := postgres.NewRevocationRepository(db)

	// Initialize services (following the dependency graph)
	auditService := service.NewAuditService(auditRepo)
	policyService := service.NewPolicyService(policyRepo, auditService)
	policyService.SetCertRepo(certificateRepo) // D-008: CertificateLifetime arm needs CertificateVersion.NotBefore/NotAfter
	certificateService := service.NewCertificateService(certificateRepo, policyService, auditService)
	notifierRegistry := make(map[string]service.Notifier)

	// Wire notifier connectors from config
	if cfg.Notifiers.SlackWebhookURL != "" {
		slackNotifier := notifyslack.New(notifyslack.Config{
			WebhookURL:      cfg.Notifiers.SlackWebhookURL,
			ChannelOverride: cfg.Notifiers.SlackChannel,
			Username:        cfg.Notifiers.SlackUsername,
		})
		notifierRegistry["Slack"] = slackNotifier
		logger.Info("Slack notifier enabled")
	}
	if cfg.Notifiers.TeamsWebhookURL != "" {
		teamsNotifier := notifyteams.New(notifyteams.Config{
			WebhookURL: cfg.Notifiers.TeamsWebhookURL,
		})
		notifierRegistry["Teams"] = teamsNotifier
		logger.Info("Teams notifier enabled")
	}
	if cfg.Notifiers.PagerDutyRoutingKey != "" {
		pdNotifier := notifypagerduty.New(notifypagerduty.Config{
			RoutingKey: cfg.Notifiers.PagerDutyRoutingKey,
			Severity:   cfg.Notifiers.PagerDutySeverity,
		})
		notifierRegistry["PagerDuty"] = pdNotifier
		logger.Info("PagerDuty notifier enabled")
	}
	if cfg.Notifiers.OpsGenieAPIKey != "" {
		ogNotifier := notifyopsgenie.New(notifyopsgenie.Config{
			APIKey:   cfg.Notifiers.OpsGenieAPIKey,
			Priority: cfg.Notifiers.OpsGeniePriority,
		})
		notifierRegistry["OpsGenie"] = ogNotifier
		logger.Info("OpsGenie notifier enabled")
	}

	// Wire email notifier if SMTP is configured
	var emailAdapter *notifyemail.NotifierAdapter
	if cfg.Notifiers.SMTPHost != "" && cfg.Notifiers.SMTPFromAddress != "" {
		emailConnector := notifyemail.New(&notifyemail.Config{
			SMTPHost:    cfg.Notifiers.SMTPHost,
			SMTPPort:    cfg.Notifiers.SMTPPort,
			Username:    cfg.Notifiers.SMTPUsername,
			Password:    cfg.Notifiers.SMTPPassword,
			FromAddress: cfg.Notifiers.SMTPFromAddress,
			UseTLS:      cfg.Notifiers.SMTPUseTLS,
		}, logger)
		emailAdapter = notifyemail.NewNotifierAdapter(emailConnector)
		notifierRegistry["Email"] = emailAdapter
		logger.Info("Email notifier enabled",
			"smtp_host", cfg.Notifiers.SMTPHost,
			"smtp_port", cfg.Notifiers.SMTPPort,
			"from", cfg.Notifiers.SMTPFromAddress)
	}

	notificationService := service.NewNotificationService(notificationRepo, notifierRegistry)
	notificationService.SetOwnerRepo(ownerRepo)

	// Create RevocationSvc with its dependencies
	revocationSvc := service.NewRevocationSvc(certificateRepo, revocationRepo, auditService)
	revocationSvc.SetIssuerRegistry(issuerRegistry)
	revocationSvc.SetNotificationService(notificationService)

	// Create CAOperationsSvc with its dependencies
	caOperationsSvc := service.NewCAOperationsSvc(revocationRepo, certificateRepo, profileRepo)
	caOperationsSvc.SetIssuerRegistry(issuerRegistry)

	// Wire sub-services into CertificateService
	certificateService.SetRevocationSvc(revocationSvc)
	certificateService.SetCAOperationsSvc(caOperationsSvc)
	certificateService.SetTargetRepo(targetRepo)
	certificateService.SetJobRepo(jobRepo)
	certificateService.SetKeygenMode(cfg.Keygen.Mode)
	renewalService := service.NewRenewalService(certificateRepo, jobRepo, renewalPolicyRepo, profileRepo, auditService, notificationService, issuerRegistry, cfg.Keygen.Mode)
	renewalService.SetTargetRepo(targetRepo)
	deploymentService := service.NewDeploymentService(jobRepo, targetRepo, agentRepo, certificateRepo, auditService, notificationService)
	jobService := service.NewJobService(jobRepo, certificateRepo, ownerRepo, renewalService, deploymentService, logger)
	agentService := service.NewAgentService(agentRepo, certificateRepo, jobRepo, targetRepo, auditService, issuerRegistry, renewalService)
	agentService.SetProfileRepo(profileRepo)
	issuerService := service.NewIssuerService(issuerRepo, auditService, issuerRegistry, encryptionKey, logger)

	// Seed issuers from env vars on first boot (empty database only), then build registry
	issuerService.SeedFromEnvVars(context.Background(), cfg)
	if err := issuerService.BuildRegistry(context.Background()); err != nil {
		logger.Error("failed to build issuer registry from database", "error", err)
	}
	logger.Info("issuer registry loaded", "issuers", issuerRegistry.Len())
	targetService := service.NewTargetService(targetRepo, auditService, agentRepo, encryptionKey, logger)
	profileService := service.NewProfileService(profileRepo, auditService)
	teamService := service.NewTeamService(teamRepo, auditService)
	ownerService := service.NewOwnerService(ownerRepo, auditService)
	agentGroupRepo := postgres.NewAgentGroupRepository(db)
	agentGroupService := service.NewAgentGroupService(agentGroupRepo, auditService)
	discoveryRepo := postgres.NewDiscoveryRepository(db)
	discoveryService := service.NewDiscoveryService(discoveryRepo, certificateRepo, auditService)
	networkScanRepo := postgres.NewNetworkScanRepository(db)
	networkScanService := service.NewNetworkScanService(networkScanRepo, discoveryService, auditService, logger)
	logger.Info("initialized network scan service")

	// Ensure the sentinel "server-scanner" agent exists for network discovery dedup.
	// This agent ID is used as the agent_id in discovered_certificates for network-scanned certs.
	if cfg.NetworkScan.Enabled {
		sentinelAgent := &domain.Agent{
			ID:     service.SentinelAgentID,
			Name:   "Network Scanner (Server-Side)",
			Status: domain.AgentStatusOnline,
		}
		// M-6: use CreateIfNotExists so duplicate rows on restart/upgrade are
		// idempotent without swallowing unrelated DB failures (CWE-662).
		created, err := agentRepo.CreateIfNotExists(context.Background(), sentinelAgent)
		if err != nil {
			logger.Error("sentinel agent creation failed", "id", service.SentinelAgentID, "error", err)
		} else if created {
			logger.Info("sentinel agent created", "id", service.SentinelAgentID)
		} else {
			logger.Debug("sentinel agent already exists", "id", service.SentinelAgentID)
		}
	}

	// Initialize cloud discovery sources (M50)
	var cloudDiscoveryService *service.CloudDiscoveryService
	if cfg.CloudDiscovery.Enabled {
		cloudDiscoveryService = service.NewCloudDiscoveryService(discoveryService, logger)

		// AWS Secrets Manager
		if cfg.CloudDiscovery.AWSSM.Enabled {
			awsSource := discoveryawssm.New(&cfg.CloudDiscovery.AWSSM, logger)
			cloudDiscoveryService.RegisterSource(awsSource)
			// Create sentinel agent for AWS SM
			sentinelAWS := &domain.Agent{
				ID:     service.SentinelAWSSecretsMgr,
				Name:   "AWS Secrets Manager Discovery",
				Status: domain.AgentStatusOnline,
			}
			// M-6: idempotent create (CWE-662).
			created, err := agentRepo.CreateIfNotExists(context.Background(), sentinelAWS)
			if err != nil {
				logger.Error("sentinel agent creation failed", "id", service.SentinelAWSSecretsMgr, "error", err)
			} else if created {
				logger.Info("sentinel agent created", "id", service.SentinelAWSSecretsMgr)
			} else {
				logger.Debug("sentinel agent already exists", "id", service.SentinelAWSSecretsMgr)
			}
		}

		// Azure Key Vault
		if cfg.CloudDiscovery.AzureKV.Enabled {
			azureSource := discoveryazurekv.New(discoveryazurekv.Config{
				VaultURL:     cfg.CloudDiscovery.AzureKV.VaultURL,
				TenantID:     cfg.CloudDiscovery.AzureKV.TenantID,
				ClientID:     cfg.CloudDiscovery.AzureKV.ClientID,
				ClientSecret: cfg.CloudDiscovery.AzureKV.ClientSecret,
			}, logger)
			cloudDiscoveryService.RegisterSource(azureSource)
			sentinelAzure := &domain.Agent{
				ID:     service.SentinelAzureKeyVault,
				Name:   "Azure Key Vault Discovery",
				Status: domain.AgentStatusOnline,
			}
			// M-6: idempotent create (CWE-662).
			created, err := agentRepo.CreateIfNotExists(context.Background(), sentinelAzure)
			if err != nil {
				logger.Error("sentinel agent creation failed", "id", service.SentinelAzureKeyVault, "error", err)
			} else if created {
				logger.Info("sentinel agent created", "id", service.SentinelAzureKeyVault)
			} else {
				logger.Debug("sentinel agent already exists", "id", service.SentinelAzureKeyVault)
			}
		}

		// GCP Secret Manager
		if cfg.CloudDiscovery.GCPSM.Enabled {
			gcpSource := discoverygcpsm.New(&cfg.CloudDiscovery.GCPSM, logger)
			cloudDiscoveryService.RegisterSource(gcpSource)
			sentinelGCP := &domain.Agent{
				ID:     service.SentinelGCPSecretMgr,
				Name:   "GCP Secret Manager Discovery",
				Status: domain.AgentStatusOnline,
			}
			// M-6: idempotent create (CWE-662).
			created, err := agentRepo.CreateIfNotExists(context.Background(), sentinelGCP)
			if err != nil {
				logger.Error("sentinel agent creation failed", "id", service.SentinelGCPSecretMgr, "error", err)
			} else if created {
				logger.Info("sentinel agent created", "id", service.SentinelGCPSecretMgr)
			} else {
				logger.Debug("sentinel agent already exists", "id", service.SentinelGCPSecretMgr)
			}
		}

		logger.Info("cloud discovery enabled",
			"sources", cloudDiscoveryService.SourceCount(),
			"interval", cfg.CloudDiscovery.Interval.String())
	}

	logger.Info("initialized all services")

	// Initialize bulk revocation service
	bulkRevocationService := service.NewBulkRevocationService(revocationSvc, certificateRepo, auditService, logger)

	// Initialize stats and metrics services
	statsService := service.NewStatsService(certificateRepo, jobRepo, agentRepo)
	logger.Info("initialized stats service")

	// Initialize API handlers
	certificateHandler := handler.NewCertificateHandler(certificateService)
	issuerHandler := handler.NewIssuerHandler(issuerService)
	targetHandler := handler.NewTargetHandler(targetService)
	agentHandler := handler.NewAgentHandler(agentService)
	jobHandler := handler.NewJobHandler(jobService)
	policyHandler := handler.NewPolicyHandler(policyService)
	profileHandler := handler.NewProfileHandler(profileService)
	teamHandler := handler.NewTeamHandler(teamService)
	ownerHandler := handler.NewOwnerHandler(ownerService)
	agentGroupHandler := handler.NewAgentGroupHandler(agentGroupService)
	auditHandler := handler.NewAuditHandler(auditService)
	notificationHandler := handler.NewNotificationHandler(notificationService)
	statsHandler := handler.NewStatsHandler(statsService)
	metricsHandler := handler.NewMetricsHandler(statsService, time.Now())
	healthHandler := handler.NewHealthHandler(cfg.Auth.Type)
	discoveryHandler := handler.NewDiscoveryHandler(discoveryService)
	networkScanHandler := handler.NewNetworkScanHandler(networkScanService)
	verificationService := service.NewVerificationService(jobRepo, auditService, logger)
	verificationHandler := handler.NewVerificationHandler(verificationService)
	exportService := service.NewExportService(certificateRepo, auditService)
	exportHandler := handler.NewExportHandler(exportService)

	bulkRevocationHandler := handler.NewBulkRevocationHandler(bulkRevocationService)

	// Initialize digest service (requires email notifier)
	var digestService *service.DigestService
	var digestHandler *handler.DigestHandler
	if cfg.Digest.Enabled && emailAdapter != nil {
		digestService = service.NewDigestService(
			statsService, certificateRepo, ownerRepo, emailAdapter, cfg.Digest.Recipients, logger,
		)
		digestHandler = handler.NewDigestHandler(digestService)
		logger.Info("digest service enabled",
			"interval", cfg.Digest.Interval.String(),
			"recipients", len(cfg.Digest.Recipients))
	} else {
		// Create a no-op digest handler for route registration
		digestHandler = handler.NewDigestHandler(nil)
		if cfg.Digest.Enabled && emailAdapter == nil {
			logger.Warn("digest enabled but SMTP not configured — digest emails will not be sent")
		}
	}

	// Initialize health check service (M48)
	var healthCheckService *service.HealthCheckService
	var healthCheckHandler *handler.HealthCheckHandler
	if cfg.HealthCheck.Enabled {
		healthCheckRepo := postgres.NewHealthCheckRepository(db)
		healthCheckService = service.NewHealthCheckService(
			healthCheckRepo,
			auditService,
			logger,
			cfg.HealthCheck.MaxConcurrent,
			time.Duration(cfg.HealthCheck.DefaultTimeout)*time.Millisecond,
			cfg.HealthCheck.HistoryRetention,
			cfg.HealthCheck.AutoCreate,
		)
		healthCheckHandler = handler.NewHealthCheckHandler(healthCheckService)
		logger.Info("health check service enabled",
			"interval", cfg.HealthCheck.CheckInterval.String(),
			"max_concurrent", cfg.HealthCheck.MaxConcurrent)
	} else {
		// Create a no-op health check handler for route registration
		healthCheckHandler = handler.NewHealthCheckHandler(nil)
	}

	logger.Info("initialized all handlers")

	// Create context with cancellation
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	// Initialize scheduler
	sched := scheduler.NewScheduler(
		renewalService,
		jobService,
		agentService,
		notificationService,
		networkScanService,
		logger,
	)

	// Configure scheduler intervals from config
	sched.SetRenewalCheckInterval(cfg.Scheduler.RenewalCheckInterval)
	sched.SetJobProcessorInterval(cfg.Scheduler.JobProcessorInterval)
	sched.SetAgentHealthCheckInterval(cfg.Scheduler.AgentHealthCheckInterval)
	sched.SetNotificationProcessInterval(cfg.Scheduler.NotificationProcessInterval)
	if cfg.NetworkScan.Enabled {
		sched.SetNetworkScanInterval(cfg.NetworkScan.ScanInterval)
		logger.Info("network scanning enabled", "interval", cfg.NetworkScan.ScanInterval.String())
	}
	if digestService != nil {
		sched.SetDigestService(digestService)
		sched.SetDigestInterval(cfg.Digest.Interval)
		logger.Info("digest scheduler enabled", "interval", cfg.Digest.Interval.String())
	}
	if healthCheckService != nil {
		sched.SetHealthCheckService(healthCheckService)
		sched.SetHealthCheckInterval(cfg.HealthCheck.CheckInterval)
		logger.Info("health check scheduler enabled", "interval", cfg.HealthCheck.CheckInterval.String())
	}
	if cloudDiscoveryService != nil && cloudDiscoveryService.SourceCount() > 0 {
		sched.SetCloudDiscoveryService(cloudDiscoveryService)
		sched.SetCloudDiscoveryInterval(cfg.CloudDiscovery.Interval)
		logger.Info("cloud discovery scheduler enabled",
			"interval", cfg.CloudDiscovery.Interval.String(),
			"sources", cloudDiscoveryService.SourceCount())
	}

	// Start scheduler
	logger.Info("starting scheduler")
	startedChan := sched.Start(ctx)
	<-startedChan
	logger.Info("scheduler started")

	// Build the API router with all handlers
	apiRouter := router.New()
	apiRouter.RegisterHandlers(router.HandlerRegistry{
		Certificates:  certificateHandler,
		Issuers:       issuerHandler,
		Targets:       targetHandler,
		Agents:        agentHandler,
		Jobs:          jobHandler,
		Policies:      policyHandler,
		Profiles:      profileHandler,
		Teams:         teamHandler,
		Owners:        ownerHandler,
		AgentGroups:   agentGroupHandler,
		Audit:         auditHandler,
		Notifications: notificationHandler,
		Stats:         statsHandler,
		Metrics:       metricsHandler,
		Health:        healthHandler,
		Discovery:     discoveryHandler,
		NetworkScan:   networkScanHandler,
		Verification:  verificationHandler,
		Export:        exportHandler,
		Digest:        *digestHandler,
		HealthChecks:     healthCheckHandler,
		BulkRevocation:   bulkRevocationHandler,
	})
	// Register EST (RFC 7030) handlers if enabled
	if cfg.EST.Enabled {
		issuerConn, ok := issuerRegistry.Get(cfg.EST.IssuerID)
		if !ok {
			logger.Error("EST issuer not found in registry", "issuer_id", cfg.EST.IssuerID)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		estService := service.NewESTService(cfg.EST.IssuerID, issuerConn, auditService, logger)
		estService.SetProfileRepo(profileRepo)
		if cfg.EST.ProfileID != "" {
			estService.SetProfileID(cfg.EST.ProfileID)
		}
		estHandler := handler.NewESTHandler(estService)
		apiRouter.RegisterESTHandlers(estHandler)
		logger.Info("EST server enabled",
			"issuer_id", cfg.EST.IssuerID,
			"profile_id", cfg.EST.ProfileID,
			"endpoints", "/.well-known/est/{cacerts,simpleenroll,simplereenroll,csrattrs}")
	}

	// Register SCEP (RFC 8894) handlers if enabled
	if cfg.SCEP.Enabled {
		// H-2 fix: fail closed at startup when SCEP is enabled without a
		// challenge password configured. Previously the service-layer guard
		// at internal/service/scep.go:72-79 skipped the password check when
		// s.challengePassword == "", meaning any client that could reach the
		// /scep endpoint could enroll an arbitrary CSR against the configured
		// issuer (CWE-306, missing authentication for a critical function).
		// Refuse to start instead: the operator must set
		// CERTCTL_SCEP_CHALLENGE_PASSWORD (or disable SCEP) before the control
		// plane can boot.
		if err := preflightSCEPChallengePassword(cfg.SCEP.Enabled, cfg.SCEP.ChallengePassword); err != nil {
			logger.Error(
				"startup refused: SCEP is enabled but CERTCTL_SCEP_CHALLENGE_PASSWORD is not set "+
					"(would allow unauthenticated certificate enrollment, CWE-306). "+
					"Set a non-empty challenge password or disable SCEP before restarting.",
				"error", err,
			)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		issuerConn, ok := issuerRegistry.Get(cfg.SCEP.IssuerID)
		if !ok {
			logger.Error("SCEP issuer not found in registry", "issuer_id", cfg.SCEP.IssuerID)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		scepService := service.NewSCEPService(cfg.SCEP.IssuerID, issuerConn, auditService, logger, cfg.SCEP.ChallengePassword)
		scepService.SetProfileRepo(profileRepo)
		if cfg.SCEP.ProfileID != "" {
			scepService.SetProfileID(cfg.SCEP.ProfileID)
		}
		scepHandler := handler.NewSCEPHandler(scepService)
		apiRouter.RegisterSCEPHandlers(scepHandler)
		logger.Info("SCEP server enabled",
			"issuer_id", cfg.SCEP.IssuerID,
			"profile_id", cfg.SCEP.ProfileID,
			"challenge_password_set", cfg.SCEP.ChallengePassword != "",
			"endpoints", "/scep?operation={GetCACaps,GetCACert,PKIOperation}")
	}

	// Register RFC 5280 CRL and RFC 6960 OCSP handlers under /.well-known/pki/.
	// These are always enabled (no config gate) — revocation data must be
	// reachable to relying parties for any cert certctl issues. The finalHandler
	// routing gate below strips auth middleware for this prefix so browsers,
	// OpenSSL, OCSP stapling sidecars, and mTLS clients can fetch without
	// presenting certctl Bearer tokens.
	apiRouter.RegisterPKIHandlers(certificateHandler)
	logger.Info("PKI endpoints registered",
		"endpoints", "/.well-known/pki/{crl/{issuer_id},ocsp/{issuer_id}/{serial}}")

	logger.Info("registered all API handlers")

	// Build middleware stack.
	//
	// Authentication unification (M-002): every authenticated request now
	// carries a named actor in the request context so audit events record
	// the real key identity instead of the hardcoded "api-key-user" string.
	// Named keys come from CERTCTL_API_KEYS_NAMED (preferred). For backward
	// compatibility CERTCTL_AUTH_SECRET is synthesized into legacy-key-N
	// entries with Admin=false.
	var namedKeys []middleware.NamedAPIKey
	if cfg.Auth.Type != "none" {
		// Translate typed config.NamedAPIKey -> middleware.NamedAPIKey. The
		// two structs are field-compatible but live in different packages to
		// preserve the config→middleware dependency direction.
		for _, nk := range cfg.Auth.NamedKeys {
			namedKeys = append(namedKeys, middleware.NamedAPIKey{
				Name:  nk.Name,
				Key:   nk.Key,
				Admin: nk.Admin,
			})
		}
		// Back-compat: if no named keys but legacy Secret is configured,
		// synthesize named entries so the audit trail still attributes the
		// action (instead of falling back to "api-key-user" / "anonymous").
		if len(namedKeys) == 0 && cfg.Auth.Secret != "" {
			parts := strings.Split(cfg.Auth.Secret, ",")
			idx := 0
			for _, p := range parts {
				p = strings.TrimSpace(p)
				if p == "" {
					continue
				}
				namedKeys = append(namedKeys, middleware.NamedAPIKey{
					Name:  fmt.Sprintf("legacy-key-%d", idx),
					Key:   p,
					Admin: false,
				})
				idx++
			}
			if len(namedKeys) > 0 {
				logger.Warn("CERTCTL_AUTH_SECRET is deprecated — set CERTCTL_API_KEYS_NAMED for named actor attribution and admin gating",
					"synthesized_keys", len(namedKeys))
			}
		}
	}
	authMiddleware := middleware.NewAuthWithNamedKeys(namedKeys)
	corsMiddleware := middleware.NewCORS(middleware.CORSConfig{
		AllowedOrigins: cfg.CORS.AllowedOrigins,
	})

	structuredLogger := middleware.NewLogging(logger)

	// Request body size limit middleware — prevents memory exhaustion attacks (CWE-400)
	bodyLimitMiddleware := middleware.NewBodyLimit(middleware.BodyLimitConfig{
		MaxBytes: cfg.Server.MaxBodySize,
	})
	logger.Info("request body size limit enabled", "max_bytes", cfg.Server.MaxBodySize)

	// API audit log middleware — records every API call to the audit trail
	auditAdapter := middleware.NewAuditServiceAdapter(
		func(ctx context.Context, actor string, actorType string, action string, resourceType string, resourceID string, details map[string]interface{}) error {
			return auditService.RecordEvent(ctx, actor, domain.ActorType(actorType), action, resourceType, resourceID, details)
		},
	)
	auditMiddleware := middleware.NewAuditLog(auditAdapter, middleware.AuditConfig{
		ExcludePaths: []string{"/health", "/ready"},
		Logger:       logger,
	})
	logger.Info("API audit logging enabled (excluding /health, /ready)")

	middlewareStack := []func(http.Handler) http.Handler{
		middleware.RequestID,
		structuredLogger,
		middleware.Recovery,
		bodyLimitMiddleware,
		corsMiddleware,
		authMiddleware,
		auditMiddleware.Middleware,
	}

	// Add rate limiter if enabled
	if cfg.RateLimit.Enabled {
		rateLimiter := middleware.NewRateLimiter(middleware.RateLimitConfig{
			RPS:       cfg.RateLimit.RPS,
			BurstSize: cfg.RateLimit.BurstSize,
		})
		middlewareStack = []func(http.Handler) http.Handler{
			middleware.RequestID,
			structuredLogger,
			middleware.Recovery,
			bodyLimitMiddleware,
			rateLimiter,
			corsMiddleware,
			authMiddleware,
			auditMiddleware.Middleware,
		}
		logger.Info("rate limiting enabled", "rps", cfg.RateLimit.RPS, "burst", cfg.RateLimit.BurstSize)
	}

	if cfg.Auth.Type == "none" {
		logger.Warn("authentication disabled (CERTCTL_AUTH_TYPE=none) — not suitable for production")
	} else {
		logger.Info("authentication enabled", "type", cfg.Auth.Type)
	}

	if cfg.Keygen.Mode == "server" {
		logger.Warn("server-side key generation enabled (CERTCTL_KEYGEN_MODE=server) — private keys touch control plane, demo only")
	} else {
		logger.Info("agent-side key generation enabled — private keys never leave agent infrastructure")
	}

	// Apply middleware to API router
	apiHandler := middleware.Chain(apiRouter, middlewareStack...)

	// Wrap with dashboard static file serving
	// Vite builds to web/dist/; fall back to web/ for legacy single-file SPA
	var finalHandler http.Handler
	webDir := "./web/dist"
	if _, err := os.Stat(webDir + "/index.html"); err != nil {
		webDir = "./web"
	}
	// Health/ready routes bypass the full middleware stack (no auth required).
	// These are registered on the inner router without auth, but the outer
	// middleware chain wraps everything. Route them directly to the inner router.
	noAuthHandler := middleware.Chain(apiRouter,
		middleware.RequestID,
		structuredLogger,
		middleware.Recovery,
	)

	if _, err := os.Stat(webDir + "/index.html"); err == nil {
		fileServer := http.FileServer(http.Dir(webDir))
		finalHandler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
			path := r.URL.Path
			// Health/ready and auth/info bypass auth middleware.
			// Health/ready: Docker/K8s health probes don't carry Bearer tokens.
			// auth/info: React app calls this before login to detect auth mode.
			if path == "/health" || path == "/ready" || path == "/api/v1/auth/info" {
				noAuthHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			// RFC 5280 CRL and RFC 6960 OCSP live under /.well-known/pki/ and
			// MUST be served unauthenticated — relying parties (browsers,
			// OpenSSL, OCSP stapling sidecars, mTLS clients) cannot present
			// certctl Bearer tokens. See router.RegisterPKIHandlers.
			if len(path) >= 16 && path[:16] == "/.well-known/pki" {
				noAuthHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			// All other API and EST routes go through the full middleware stack (with auth)
			if (len(path) >= 8 && path[:8] == "/api/v1/") ||
				(len(path) >= 16 && path[:16] == "/.well-known/est") {
				apiHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			// Try to serve static files (JS, CSS, assets)
			if len(path) > 8 && path[:8] == "/assets/" {
				fileServer.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			// SPA fallback: serve index.html for all other routes
			http.ServeFile(w, r, webDir+"/index.html")
		})
		logger.Info("dashboard available at /", "web_dir", webDir)
	} else {
		// No dashboard: route health/auth-info and /.well-known/pki without
		// auth, everything else through full stack.
		finalHandler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
			path := r.URL.Path
			if path == "/health" || path == "/ready" || path == "/api/v1/auth/info" {
				noAuthHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			if len(path) >= 16 && path[:16] == "/.well-known/pki" {
				noAuthHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			apiHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
		})
		logger.Info("dashboard directory not found, serving API only")
	}

	// Server configuration
	addr := net.JoinHostPort(cfg.Server.Host, strconv.Itoa(cfg.Server.Port))
	httpServer := &http.Server{
		Addr:              addr,
		Handler:           finalHandler,
		ReadTimeout:       30 * time.Second,
		ReadHeaderTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout:      120 * time.Second, // Must accommodate ACME issuance (order + challenge + finalize)
		IdleTimeout:       60 * time.Second,
	}

	// Start HTTP server in background
	logger.Info("starting HTTP server", "address", addr)
	go func() {
		if err := httpServer.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
			logger.Error("HTTP server error", "error", err)
		}
	}()

	// Wait for shutdown signal
	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
	signal.Notify(sigChan, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)

	sig := <-sigChan
	logger.Info("received shutdown signal", "signal", sig.String())

	// Graceful shutdown
	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
	defer shutdownCancel()

	cancel() // Stop scheduler

	// Wait for in-flight scheduler work to complete (up to 30 seconds)
	logger.Info("waiting for scheduler to complete in-flight work")
	if err := sched.WaitForCompletion(30 * time.Second); err != nil {
		logger.Warn("scheduler work did not complete in time", "error", err)
	}

	logger.Info("shutting down HTTP server")
	if err := httpServer.Shutdown(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
		logger.Error("HTTP server shutdown error", "error", err)
	}

	// Drain in-flight audit-recording goroutines before closing the DB pool.
	// The audit middleware spawns one goroutine per non-excluded request; those
	// goroutines run detached from the request context and write to the
	// audit_events table via the same *sql.DB. Without this drain, SIGTERM
	// would close the DB pool while recordings were mid-flight, silently
	// dropping audit events (M-1, CWE-662 / CWE-400).
	logger.Info("flushing audit middleware in-flight recordings")
	if err := auditMiddleware.Flush(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
		logger.Warn("audit middleware flush did not complete in time", "error", err)
	}

	// Close database connection
	if err := db.Close(); err != nil {
		logger.Error("error closing database connection", "error", err)
	}

	logger.Info("certctl server stopped")
}

// preflightSCEPChallengePassword enforces the H-2 fix: if SCEP is enabled, a
// non-empty challenge password MUST be configured. Returns a non-nil error
// otherwise so the caller can refuse to start the control plane (CWE-306,
// missing authentication for a critical function).
//
// This helper is extracted so the check can be unit tested without booting
// the full server. The caller (main) is responsible for translating the
// returned error into a structured log line and os.Exit(1).
func preflightSCEPChallengePassword(enabled bool, challengePassword string) error {
	if !enabled {
		return nil
	}
	if challengePassword == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("SCEP enabled but CERTCTL_SCEP_CHALLENGE_PASSWORD is empty: " +
			"SCEP enrollment would accept any client (CWE-306); " +
			"configure a non-empty shared secret or set CERTCTL_SCEP_ENABLED=false")
	}
	return nil
}