certctl/docs/migration/acme-from-traefik.md

Traefik Integration Walkthrough

Last reviewed: 2026-05-05

Use this walkthrough when you're already running Traefik 3.0+ (Kubernetes or VM) and want it to ACME-issue from certctl (your internal CA, your private PKI, or a local sub-CA chained under an enterprise root) instead of Let's Encrypt. The Traefik static config changes are minimal; the load-bearing piece is serversTransport.rootCAs so Traefik trusts certctl's bootstrap CA on every outbound ACME call.

End-to-end recipe for issuing certs from a certctl-server deployment through Traefik 3.0+. Target audience: operator running Traefik (in Kubernetes or on a VM) who wants to use certctl as their ACME source of truth instead of Let's Encrypt.

Prereqs

• A reachable certctl-server with CERTCTL_ACME_SERVER_ENABLED=true and at least one profile whose acme_auth_mode is set. Profile setup is identical to the cert-manager walkthrough — see docs/acme-cert-manager-walkthrough.md Step 2.
• Traefik 3.0+ (the v2 API surface for ACME is also supported but the serversTransport.rootCAs reference below is v3-shaped).
• The certctl bootstrap CA, in PEM form, captured the same way as the cert-manager walkthrough Step 3.

Step 1 — Configure Traefik static config

Traefik's ACME issuer is a certificatesResolver in the static config (file or CLI flags or env vars). The relevant fields:

# /etc/traefik/traefik.yml (or wherever your static config lives)

certificatesResolvers:
  certctl:
    acme:
      caServer: https://certctl.example.com:8443/acme/profile/prof-test/directory
      email: ops@example.com
      storage: /etc/traefik/acme-certctl.json
      httpChallenge:
        entryPoint: web
      # OR for trust_authenticated mode profiles:
      # tlsChallenge: {}

# certctl uses a self-signed bootstrap cert; Traefik needs the CA
# explicitly via serversTransport.rootCAs to call the directory URL.
serversTransports:
  default:
    rootCAs:
      - /etc/traefik/certctl-bootstrap.crt

# Apply the serversTransport globally so every outbound HTTPS call —
# including ACME directory + finalize — trusts the certctl CA.
api:
  insecure: false

entryPoints:
  web:
    address: ":80"
  websecure:
    address: ":443"

Notes:

• caServer must point at the directory URL (ending in /directory).
• httpChallenge.entryPoint: web requires Traefik's web entryPoint (port 80) to be reachable from certctl-server's HTTP-01 validator. For trust_authenticated mode profiles, this is a no-op formality — certctl auto-resolves authzs, so the solver round-trip never happens.
• tlsChallenge: {} is the alternative that uses TLS-ALPN-01 (RFC 8737) via Traefik's websecure (port 443) entryPoint. Either works under challenge mode; only the default-of-tlsChallenge is recommended for trust_authenticated mode.

Step 2 — Trust the certctl bootstrap CA

Two options:

Option A — serversTransport.rootCAs (preferred)

sudo cp deploy/test/certs/ca.crt /etc/traefik/certctl-bootstrap.crt
sudo systemctl reload traefik

serversTransports.default.rootCAs (shown in Step 1 above) tells Traefik's outbound HTTPS client to trust the supplied PEM in addition to the system trust store. This is the right pattern for containerized Traefik where you don't want to install OS-level trust roots.

Option B — OS trust store

For Traefik running directly on a VM, update-ca-certificates-style installation works the same way as the Caddy walkthrough Option A. The serversTransport.rootCAs field is unnecessary in that case.

Step 3 — Reference the resolver from a router

Per-router (dynamic config):

# /etc/traefik/dynamic/example-com.yml

http:
  routers:
    example-com:
      rule: "Host(`example.com`)"
      entryPoints: [websecure]
      tls:
        certResolver: certctl
      service: example-com-backend
  services:
    example-com-backend:
      loadBalancer:
        servers:
          - url: "http://localhost:8080"

Or, in Kubernetes via IngressRoute (Traefik CRD):

apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: example-com
spec:
  entryPoints: [websecure]
  routes:
    - match: Host(`example.com`)
      kind: Rule
      services:
        - name: example-com-backend
          port: 8080
  tls:
    certResolver: certctl

Step 4 — Reload Traefik

sudo systemctl reload traefik
# OR kubectl rollout restart deployment/traefik (if you changed the static config via ConfigMap).

On the first request to example.com, Traefik hits certctl's directory URL, registers an account, submits a new-order, and finalizes. The cert is persisted to /etc/traefik/acme-certctl.json (or its in-cluster PVC equivalent).

Step 5 — Verify

curl -kvI https://example.com 2>&1 | grep -E 'subject|issuer'
# subject: CN=example.com
# issuer: CN=certctl test internal CA

The cert is signed by certctl's bound issuer (per the prof-test profile's issuer_id).

On the certctl side, the audit log captures the issuance:

psql -c "SELECT actor, action, resource_id FROM audit_events
         WHERE actor LIKE 'acme:%' ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 5;"

Common failure modes

• Traefik logs unable to obtain ACME certificate ... x509: certificate signed by unknown authority → serversTransport.rootCAs is not pointing at the certctl bootstrap CA, OR the file was rotated and Traefik hasn't reloaded. Verify with curl --cacert /etc/traefik/certctl-bootstrap.crt https://certctl.example.com:8443/acme/profile/prof-test/directory.
• Traefik logs urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rateLimited → tune CERTCTL_ACME_SERVER_RATE_LIMIT_ORDERS_PER_HOUR on the certctl side, OR reduce Traefik's parallel-cert-acquisition concurrency.
• acme: error: 400 :: POST :: ... :: badNonce → clock skew or multi-replica certctl without sticky sessions; same fix as the cert-manager walkthrough.
• Storage file acme-certctl.json shows persistent failures — Traefik retains failed-acquisition state. After fixing the underlying cause, delete the storage file and reload: rm /etc/traefik/acme-certctl.json && systemctl reload traefik.

Cleanup

# Remove the certResolver from any router / IngressRoute consuming it.
sudo systemctl reload traefik
# Delete the persisted ACME storage:
sudo rm /etc/traefik/acme-certctl.json
# Or in K8s: drop the resolver from the static-config ConfigMap.

See also

• docs/acme-server.md — canonical reference.
• docs/acme-cert-manager-walkthrough.md — cert-manager equivalent.
• Traefik upstream ACME docs — verify behavior pinned here against Traefik 3.0+ semantics.