diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 97b6ff8..6a2db12 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -105,6 +105,24 @@
   runbooks for multi-tenant IdPs in `docs/operator/oidc-runbooks/` already
   documented the field; the GUI now matches.
 
+- **Approval payload preview (Audit 2026-05-11 A-5).**
+  The MED-10 closure claim ("PARTIAL: raw JSON preview; diff library
+  deferred") was inaccurate — `ApprovalsPage.tsx` rendered no payload
+  at all, so approvers were clicking Approve / Reject without seeing
+  the change they were authorizing. That defeats the entire four-eyes
+  primitive: an approver who can't see what they're approving is
+  rubber-stamping. Each row now carries a Preview toggle that expands
+  an inline panel dispatching by kind: `profile_edit` shows a
+  field-level before/after diff (changed-only rows, red/green cells,
+  `(unset)` sentinel for added/removed fields); `cert_issuance` shows
+  a definition list of CN / SANs / profile / key algo / must-staple /
+  validity (catches the wildcard-against-corp-internal-profile attack
+  at review time); unknown kinds render a generic JSON preview for
+  forward-compat with future approval kinds. The base64-encoded JSON
+  payload is decoded via the new `decodePayload` helper; malformed
+  inputs render an explicit decode-error fallback — silent failure on
+  the payload preview is what produced this bug in the first place.
+
 - **Pre-login cookie Path widened from `/auth/oidc/` to `/` (Audit MED-14
   follow-on).** Required to satisfy the `__Host-` prefix's `Path=/` rule. The
   cookie lifetime is unchanged (10 minutes) and only the callback handler
diff --git a/web/src/pages/auth/ApprovalsPage.test.tsx b/web/src/pages/auth/ApprovalsPage.test.tsx
index f8b2616..07bab79 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/auth/ApprovalsPage.test.tsx
+++ b/web/src/pages/auth/ApprovalsPage.test.tsx
@@ -141,4 +141,246 @@ describe('ApprovalsPage', () => {
     renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByTestId('approvals-empty')).toBeTruthy());
   });
+
+  // =============================================================================
+  // Audit 2026-05-11 A-5 — payload preview.
+  // =============================================================================
+
+  // b64 of '{"before":{"must_staple":false,"max_validity_days":397},"after":{"must_staple":true,"max_validity_days":90}}'
+  const profileEditPayload = btoa(JSON.stringify({
+    before: { must_staple: false, max_validity_days: 397, requires_approval: true },
+    after: { must_staple: true, max_validity_days: 90, requires_approval: true },
+  }));
+  const profileEditNoChangesPayload = btoa(JSON.stringify({
+    before: { must_staple: false },
+    after: { must_staple: false },
+  }));
+  const certIssuancePayload = btoa(JSON.stringify({
+    subject_common_name: 'api.acme.com',
+    sans: ['api.acme.com', 'www.acme.com'],
+    profile_id: 'p-corp-public',
+    key_algorithm: 'ECDSA-P256',
+    must_staple: true,
+    validity_days: 90,
+  }));
+
+  it('A-5 Preview button toggles the payload panel', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.listApprovals).mockResolvedValue({
+      data: [{
+        ...samplePending[1],
+        payload: certIssuancePayload,
+      }],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      per_page: 50,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(client.authMe).mockResolvedValue(aliceMe);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+
+    // Panel hidden by default.
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('approvals-payload-preview-ar-2')).toBeNull();
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-payload-preview-ar-2'));
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('approval-cert-issuance-preview')).toBeTruthy();
+
+    // Toggle off.
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.queryByTestId('approvals-payload-preview-ar-2')).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('A-5 ProfileEdit kind renders field diff with changed-only rows', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.listApprovals).mockResolvedValue({
+      data: [{
+        ...samplePending[0],
+        requested_by: 'bob',  // not self — Preview button is enabled regardless
+        payload: profileEditPayload,
+      }],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      per_page: 50,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(client.authMe).mockResolvedValue(aliceMe);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-1'));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-1'));
+
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approval-profile-edit-diff'));
+    // Only changed fields render rows.
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('approval-profile-edit-row-must_staple')).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('approval-profile-edit-row-max_validity_days')).toBeTruthy();
+    // Unchanged requires_approval should NOT render a row.
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('approval-profile-edit-row-requires_approval')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('A-5 ProfileEdit before/after values are visible in the diff cells', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.listApprovals).mockResolvedValue({
+      data: [{
+        ...samplePending[0],
+        requested_by: 'bob',
+        payload: profileEditPayload,
+      }],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      per_page: 50,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(client.authMe).mockResolvedValue(aliceMe);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-1'));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-1'));
+
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approval-profile-edit-diff'));
+    const row = screen.getByTestId('approval-profile-edit-row-must_staple');
+    expect(row.textContent).toContain('false');
+    expect(row.textContent).toContain('true');
+  });
+
+  it('A-5 ProfileEdit with no changes renders empty-state', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.listApprovals).mockResolvedValue({
+      data: [{
+        ...samplePending[0],
+        requested_by: 'bob',
+        payload: profileEditNoChangesPayload,
+      }],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      per_page: 50,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(client.authMe).mockResolvedValue(aliceMe);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-1'));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-1'));
+
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approval-profile-edit-no-changes'));
+    expect(screen.queryByTestId('approval-profile-edit-diff')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('A-5 CertIssuance renders definition list with SANs + profile + key algo', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.listApprovals).mockResolvedValue({
+      data: [{
+        ...samplePending[1],
+        payload: certIssuancePayload,
+      }],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      per_page: 50,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(client.authMe).mockResolvedValue(aliceMe);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+
+    const dl = await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approval-cert-issuance-preview'));
+    expect(dl.textContent).toContain('api.acme.com');
+    expect(dl.textContent).toContain('www.acme.com');
+    expect(dl.textContent).toContain('p-corp-public');
+    expect(dl.textContent).toContain('ECDSA-P256');
+  });
+
+  it('A-5 Unknown kind falls back to generic JSON pre block', async () => {
+    const unknownKindPayload = btoa(JSON.stringify({ some_future_field: 42, nested: { ok: true } }));
+    vi.mocked(client.listApprovals).mockResolvedValue({
+      data: [{
+        id: 'ar-3',
+        kind: 'future_kind_v3' as never,  // not in current enum
+        profile_id: 'prof-x',
+        requested_by: 'bob',
+        state: 'pending' as const,
+        payload: unknownKindPayload,
+        created_at: '2026-05-09T20:02:00Z',
+        updated_at: '2026-05-09T20:02:00Z',
+      }],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      per_page: 50,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(client.authMe).mockResolvedValue(aliceMe);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-3'));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-3'));
+
+    const pre = await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approval-payload-generic-json'));
+    expect(pre.textContent).toContain('some_future_field');
+    expect(pre.textContent).toContain('42');
+  });
+
+  it('A-5 Empty payload renders the "No payload attached" sentinel', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.listApprovals).mockResolvedValue({
+      data: [{
+        ...samplePending[1],
+        payload: undefined,
+      }],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      per_page: 50,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(client.authMe).mockResolvedValue(aliceMe);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approval-payload-empty'));
+  });
+
+  it('A-5 Malformed base64 payload renders the decode-error fallback', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.listApprovals).mockResolvedValue({
+      data: [{
+        ...samplePending[1],
+        payload: '!!!not-valid-base64!!!',
+      }],
+      total: 1,
+      page: 1,
+      per_page: 50,
+    } as never);
+    vi.mocked(client.authMe).mockResolvedValue(aliceMe);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<ApprovalsPage />);
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId('approvals-preview-toggle-ar-2'));
+
+    await waitFor(() => screen.getByTestId('approval-payload-decode-error'));
+  });
+});
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Pure-function tests on decodePayload (Audit 2026-05-11 A-5).
+// =============================================================================
+
+describe('decodePayload', () => {
+  it('returns null for undefined input', async () => {
+    const { decodePayload } = await import('./ApprovalsPage');
+    expect(decodePayload(undefined)).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('returns null for empty string', async () => {
+    const { decodePayload } = await import('./ApprovalsPage');
+    expect(decodePayload('')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('round-trips base64-encoded JSON', async () => {
+    const { decodePayload } = await import('./ApprovalsPage');
+    const original = { foo: 'bar', n: 42, arr: [1, 2, 3] };
+    const encoded = btoa(JSON.stringify(original));
+    expect(decodePayload(encoded)).toEqual(original);
+  });
+
+  it('returns null on malformed base64', async () => {
+    const { decodePayload } = await import('./ApprovalsPage');
+    expect(decodePayload('!!!not-base64!!!')).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('returns null on valid base64 of non-JSON content', async () => {
+    const { decodePayload } = await import('./ApprovalsPage');
+    expect(decodePayload(btoa('not a json document'))).toBeNull();
+  });
 });
diff --git a/web/src/pages/auth/ApprovalsPage.tsx b/web/src/pages/auth/ApprovalsPage.tsx
index 7ab784b..96faa5f 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/auth/ApprovalsPage.tsx
+++ b/web/src/pages/auth/ApprovalsPage.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Fragment, useState } from 'react';
 import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import {
   listApprovals,
@@ -25,14 +25,212 @@ import ErrorState from '../../components/ErrorState';
 //     are both populated; metadata.common_name surfaces.
 //   - profile_edit — Bundle 1 Phase 9 closure; cert + job are empty,
 //     payload carries the pending profile diff (rendered as a
-//     collapsible JSON preview).
+//     field-level before/after diff via PayloadPreview).
 //
 // Same-actor self-approve is rejected server-side with HTTP 403; the
 // page surfaces the error inline. Approve / reject actions are HIDDEN
 // when the caller's actor_id equals requested_by, so the operator
 // can't even click the wrong button.
+//
+// Audit 2026-05-11 A-5 — payload preview. The MED-10 closure claim
+// said the GUI rendered a "raw JSON preview" but the verifier found
+// zero payload rendering — approvers had to click Approve blind. This
+// page now renders an inline expandable panel per row that dispatches
+// to one of three components by `kind`:
+//
+//   - kind=profile_edit → ProfileEditDiff: field-level before/after
+//     table. The whole point of the four-eyes principle is "the
+//     approver sees what's changing"; rendering this as a flat field
+//     diff is materially more useful than a unified line-diff for the
+//     small flat-object profile shape.
+//   - kind=cert_issuance → IssuanceRequestPreview: CN / SANs /
+//     profile / key algo / must-staple / validity. Catches the
+//     wildcard-against-corp-internal-profile attack at review time.
+//   - any other kind → generic JSON <pre>. Forward-compat for
+//     future approval kinds added to migration 000033's enum.
+//
+// The payload arrives as a base64-encoded JSON string (Go json-encodes
+// []byte to base64 by default; see internal/domain/approval.go:41).
+// decodePayload() handles the decode + parse + null/error guard.
 // =============================================================================
 
+// decodePayload base64-decodes the wire payload and JSON-parses the
+// result. Returns the parsed shape or null on any failure (empty
+// payload, malformed base64, malformed JSON). The component layer
+// renders the generic fallback in that case so the approver still
+// sees *something* — silent failure on the payload preview defeats
+// the entire fix.
+//
+// Exported for test reach.
+export function decodePayload(payload: string | undefined): unknown {
+  if (!payload) return null;
+  try {
+    // atob throws on invalid base64; the surrounding try/catch falls
+    // through to null which the caller renders as "Unable to decode
+    // payload" in the generic branch.
+    const decoded = atob(payload);
+    return JSON.parse(decoded);
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// PayloadPreview — kind dispatch.
+// =============================================================================
+
+function PayloadPreview({ kind, payload }: { kind: string; payload: string | undefined }) {
+  const decoded = decodePayload(payload);
+
+  if (decoded === null && payload) {
+    return (
+      <div
+        className="text-xs text-red-700"
+        data-testid="approval-payload-decode-error"
+      >
+        Unable to decode payload (base64 / JSON parse failed). Raw value:{' '}
+        <code className="break-all">{payload}</code>
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (decoded === null) {
+    return (
+      <div
+        className="text-xs text-ink-muted italic"
+        data-testid="approval-payload-empty"
+      >
+        No payload attached.
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (kind === 'profile_edit') {
+    return <ProfileEditDiff payload={decoded} />;
+  }
+  if (kind === 'cert_issuance') {
+    return <IssuanceRequestPreview payload={decoded} />;
+  }
+  // Forward-compat fallback for future kinds.
+  return (
+    <pre
+      className="text-xs bg-surface-muted p-3 rounded overflow-x-auto"
+      data-testid="approval-payload-generic-json"
+    >
+      {JSON.stringify(decoded, null, 2)}
+    </pre>
+  );
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// ProfileEditDiff — field-level before/after table.
+// =============================================================================
+
+function ProfileEditDiff({ payload }: { payload: unknown }) {
+  const envelope = payload as { before?: Record<string, unknown>; after?: Record<string, unknown> };
+  const before = envelope?.before ?? {};
+  const after = envelope?.after ?? {};
+  const allKeys = Array.from(new Set([...Object.keys(before), ...Object.keys(after)])).sort();
+  const changedKeys = allKeys.filter(k => JSON.stringify(before[k]) !== JSON.stringify(after[k]));
+
+  if (changedKeys.length === 0) {
+    return (
+      <div
+        className="text-xs text-ink-muted italic"
+        data-testid="approval-profile-edit-no-changes"
+      >
+        No field changes detected.
+      </div>
+    );
+  }
+  return (
+    <table
+      className="text-xs w-full border border-surface-border"
+      data-testid="approval-profile-edit-diff"
+    >
+      <thead className="bg-surface-muted">
+        <tr>
+          <th className="text-left px-2 py-1 font-medium">Field</th>
+          <th className="text-left px-2 py-1 font-medium">Before</th>
+          <th className="text-left px-2 py-1 font-medium">After</th>
+        </tr>
+      </thead>
+      <tbody>
+        {changedKeys.map(k => (
+          <tr
+            key={k}
+            className="border-t border-surface-border"
+            data-testid={`approval-profile-edit-row-${k}`}
+          >
+            <td className="px-2 py-1 font-mono"><code>{k}</code></td>
+            <td className="px-2 py-1 font-mono break-all bg-red-50">
+              {renderValue(before[k])}
+            </td>
+            <td className="px-2 py-1 font-mono break-all bg-green-50">
+              {renderValue(after[k])}
+            </td>
+          </tr>
+        ))}
+      </tbody>
+    </table>
+  );
+}
+
+// renderValue stringifies a payload value for the diff cells. Renders
+// undefined as a visually distinct "(unset)" sentinel so the approver
+// can tell a field was added (before=unset) vs flipped (before=value).
+function renderValue(v: unknown) {
+  if (v === undefined) {
+    return <span className="text-ink-muted italic">(unset)</span>;
+  }
+  return JSON.stringify(v);
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// IssuanceRequestPreview — definition list of the load-bearing fields.
+// =============================================================================
+
+function IssuanceRequestPreview({ payload }: { payload: unknown }) {
+  const p = payload as {
+    subject_common_name?: string;
+    common_name?: string;
+    sans?: string[];
+    profile_id?: string;
+    key_algorithm?: string;
+    must_staple?: boolean;
+    validity_days?: number;
+    requester_actor_id?: string;
+  };
+  // The certificate-service issuance request uses `subject_common_name`
+  // on some paths and `common_name` on others; surface either.
+  const cn = p.subject_common_name ?? p.common_name ?? '—';
+  return (
+    <dl
+      className="grid grid-cols-2 gap-x-4 gap-y-1 text-xs"
+      data-testid="approval-cert-issuance-preview"
+    >
+      <dt className="text-ink-muted">Common Name</dt>
+      <dd className="font-mono">{cn}</dd>
+      <dt className="text-ink-muted">SANs</dt>
+      <dd className="font-mono">{(p.sans ?? []).join(', ') || '—'}</dd>
+      <dt className="text-ink-muted">Profile</dt>
+      <dd className="font-mono">{p.profile_id ?? '—'}</dd>
+      <dt className="text-ink-muted">Key algorithm</dt>
+      <dd className="font-mono">{p.key_algorithm ?? '—'}</dd>
+      <dt className="text-ink-muted">Must-staple</dt>
+      <dd>{p.must_staple === undefined ? '—' : p.must_staple ? 'yes' : 'no'}</dd>
+      <dt className="text-ink-muted">Validity (days)</dt>
+      <dd>{p.validity_days ?? '—'}</dd>
+      {p.requester_actor_id && (
+        <>
+          <dt className="text-ink-muted">Requester (payload-claimed)</dt>
+          <dd className="font-mono">{p.requester_actor_id}</dd>
+        </>
+      )}
+    </dl>
+  );
+}
+
 export default function ApprovalsPage() {
   const me = useAuthMe();
   const qc = useQueryClient();
@@ -47,6 +245,11 @@ export default function ApprovalsPage() {
 
   const [actionError, setActionError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [busy, setBusy] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  // Audit 2026-05-11 A-5 — per-row payload preview expansion.
+  // Single-string state (rather than a Set) because most operators
+  // only inspect one approval at a time; widening to multi-select
+  // is a trivial future change if the workflow demands it.
+  const [expandedID, setExpandedID] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
   const handleApprove = async (req: ApprovalRequest) => {
     const note = window.prompt('Approval note (optional):') ?? '';
@@ -137,6 +340,7 @@ export default function ApprovalsPage() {
                 <th className="text-left px-3 py-2">Profile</th>
                 <th className="text-left px-3 py-2">Requested by</th>
                 <th className="text-left px-3 py-2">Created</th>
+                <th className="px-3 py-2 w-24">Payload</th>
                 <th className="px-3 py-2 w-44"></th>
               </tr>
             </thead>
@@ -144,67 +348,93 @@ export default function ApprovalsPage() {
               {items.map(req => {
                 const isMine = req.requested_by === myID;
                 const isPending = req.state === 'pending';
+                const isExpanded = expandedID === req.id;
                 return (
-                  <tr
-                    key={req.id}
-                    className="border-t border-surface-border align-top"
-                    data-testid={`approvals-row-${req.id}`}
-                  >
-                    <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs">{req.id}</td>
-                    <td className="px-3 py-2">
-                      <span
-                        className={
-                          'inline-block px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-xs ' +
-                          (req.kind === 'profile_edit'
-                            ? 'bg-amber-100 text-amber-800'
-                            : 'bg-surface-muted')
-                        }
-                      >
-                        {req.kind}
-                      </span>
-                    </td>
-                    <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs">{req.profile_id}</td>
-                    <td className="px-3 py-2 text-xs">
-                      {req.requested_by}
-                      {isMine && <span className="ml-2 text-amber-700">(you)</span>}
-                    </td>
-                    <td className="px-3 py-2 text-xs text-ink-muted">
-                      {new Date(req.created_at).toLocaleString()}
-                    </td>
-                    <td className="px-3 py-2 text-right">
-                      {isPending && !isMine && (
-                        <div className="flex gap-1 justify-end">
-                          <button
-                            className="btn btn-primary text-xs"
-                            onClick={() => handleApprove(req)}
-                            disabled={busy === req.id}
-                            data-testid={`approvals-approve-${req.id}`}
-                          >
-                            Approve
-                          </button>
-                          <button
-                            className="btn btn-ghost text-xs"
-                            onClick={() => handleReject(req)}
-                            disabled={busy === req.id}
-                            data-testid={`approvals-reject-${req.id}`}
-                          >
-                            Reject
-                          </button>
-                        </div>
-                      )}
-                      {isPending && isMine && (
+                  <Fragment key={req.id}>
+                    <tr
+                      className="border-t border-surface-border align-top"
+                      data-testid={`approvals-row-${req.id}`}
+                    >
+                      <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs">{req.id}</td>
+                      <td className="px-3 py-2">
                         <span
-                          className="text-xs text-ink-muted italic"
-                          data-testid={`approvals-self-locked-${req.id}`}
+                          className={
+                            'inline-block px-2 py-0.5 rounded text-xs ' +
+                            (req.kind === 'profile_edit'
+                              ? 'bg-amber-100 text-amber-800'
+                              : 'bg-surface-muted')
+                          }
                         >
-                          self-approve blocked
+                          {req.kind}
                         </span>
-                      )}
-                      {!isPending && (
-                        <span className="text-xs text-ink-muted">{req.state}</span>
-                      )}
-                    </td>
-                  </tr>
+                      </td>
+                      <td className="px-3 py-2 font-mono text-xs">{req.profile_id}</td>
+                      <td className="px-3 py-2 text-xs">
+                        {req.requested_by}
+                        {isMine && <span className="ml-2 text-amber-700">(you)</span>}
+                      </td>
+                      <td className="px-3 py-2 text-xs text-ink-muted">
+                        {new Date(req.created_at).toLocaleString()}
+                      </td>
+                      <td className="px-3 py-2">
+                        {/* Audit 2026-05-11 A-5 — payload preview toggle.
+                            Always rendered (even when payload is empty)
+                            so the approver can verify there ISN'T a
+                            payload they might have missed. */}
+                        <button
+                          className="btn btn-ghost text-xs"
+                          onClick={() => setExpandedID(isExpanded ? null : req.id)}
+                          data-testid={`approvals-preview-toggle-${req.id}`}
+                          aria-expanded={isExpanded}
+                        >
+                          {isExpanded ? 'Hide' : 'Preview'}
+                        </button>
+                      </td>
+                      <td className="px-3 py-2 text-right">
+                        {isPending && !isMine && (
+                          <div className="flex gap-1 justify-end">
+                            <button
+                              className="btn btn-primary text-xs"
+                              onClick={() => handleApprove(req)}
+                              disabled={busy === req.id}
+                              data-testid={`approvals-approve-${req.id}`}
+                            >
+                              Approve
+                            </button>
+                            <button
+                              className="btn btn-ghost text-xs"
+                              onClick={() => handleReject(req)}
+                              disabled={busy === req.id}
+                              data-testid={`approvals-reject-${req.id}`}
+                            >
+                              Reject
+                            </button>
+                          </div>
+                        )}
+                        {isPending && isMine && (
+                          <span
+                            className="text-xs text-ink-muted italic"
+                            data-testid={`approvals-self-locked-${req.id}`}
+                          >
+                            self-approve blocked
+                          </span>
+                        )}
+                        {!isPending && (
+                          <span className="text-xs text-ink-muted">{req.state}</span>
+                        )}
+                      </td>
+                    </tr>
+                    {isExpanded && (
+                      <tr
+                        className="border-t border-surface-border bg-surface-muted/40"
+                        data-testid={`approvals-payload-preview-${req.id}`}
+                      >
+                        <td colSpan={7} className="px-3 py-3">
+                          <PayloadPreview kind={req.kind} payload={req.payload} />
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                    )}
+                  </Fragment>
                 );
               })}
             </tbody>