fix: resolve NULL csr_pem scan errors and QA smoke test failures

Root cause: certificate_versions.csr_pem is nullable in the schema but
Go code scanned it into a plain string. Used sql.NullString in
ListVersions and GetLatestVersion to handle NULL values correctly.

Also includes: partial update fetch-merge-update pattern to prevent FK
violations, nil directory guard in discovery service, diagnostic slog
logging in handlers, export handler 422 for unparseable PEM, OpenAPI
spec corrections, MCP tool description improvements, and test fixes.

Rewrites the Release Sign-Off section in testing-guide.md to individual
test-level granularity (320 rows) with smoke test results audited and
checked off (121 pass, 5 skip, 194 manual remaining).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

api/openapi.yaml

@@ -250,6 +250,8 @@ paths:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/ManagedCertificate"
         "400":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/BadRequest"
+        "404":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/NotFound"
         "500":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/InternalError"
     delete:
@@ -261,6 +263,8 @@ paths:
       responses:
         "204":
           description: Certificate archived
+        "404":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/NotFound"
         "500":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/InternalError"
 
@@ -306,6 +310,12 @@ paths:
             application/json:
               schema:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/StatusResponse"
+        "400":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/BadRequest"
+        "404":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/NotFound"
+        "409":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/Conflict"
         "500":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/InternalError"
 
@@ -820,6 +830,8 @@ paths:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/Agent"
         "400":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/BadRequest"
+        "409":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/Conflict"
         "500":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/InternalError"
 
@@ -877,6 +889,8 @@ paths:
                 $ref: "#/components/schemas/StatusResponse"
         "400":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/BadRequest"
+        "404":
+          $ref: "#/components/responses/NotFound"
         "500":
           $ref: "#/components/responses/InternalError"
 
@@ -2469,6 +2483,12 @@ components:
         application/json:
           schema:
             $ref: "#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse"
+    Conflict:
+      description: Resource conflict
+      content:
+        application/json:
+          schema:
+            $ref: "#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse"
     InternalError:
       description: Internal server error
       content:
@@ -2571,6 +2591,13 @@ components:
         updated_at:
           type: string
           format: date-time
+      required:
+        - name
+        - common_name
+        - renewal_policy_id
+        - issuer_id
+        - owner_id
+        - team_id
 
     CertificateVersion:
       type: object