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+# ADR 0027 — Ticket sessions renew themselves inside PveHttpClient before expiry and once on a 401
+
+- **Status:** Accepted
+- **Date:** 2026-09-03
+- **Deciders:** operator + agent
+- **Context source:** issue #143; the 2026-09-02 whole-repo review; wave 4 of the remediation
+
+## Context
+
+`PveAuthenticator.AuthenticateWithCredentials` stamps `TicketExpiry = UtcNow + 2h` and nothing ever moves it. A backup, migration or full clone waited on past that point starts getting 401s from the status poll, which surface as a raw `PveApiException`. `PveCmdletBase.GetSession()` throws `PveSessionExpiredException` once the clock passes the stamp, with no recovery path. API-token sessions are unaffected; only ticket sessions age.
+
+An earlier note (recorded before this ADR system existed) put the fix in `TaskService.WaitForTask`, because the cluster-join cmdlet had grown a bespoke 401 retry loop and the next long wait would grow another. Since [ADR 0021](0021-integration-tests-prove-server-semantics-payloads-are-proven-offline.md) and #151, every service call goes through `PveServiceBase.Invoke`, which builds one `PveHttpClient` per call, and `WaitForTask` holds one client for the whole wait. The client is now the single place every request passes through.
+
+PVE's ticket endpoint accepts a still-valid ticket in place of the password. The published spec for `POST /access/ticket` describes the `password` parameter as "The secret password. This can also be a valid ticket." ([pve9 OpenAPI at 1530d5a, UTF-8 byte offset 4449033 of the `"password"` key in the one-line file](https://github.com/GoodOlClint/Proxmox_API/blob/1530d5a0b0dbf248159e7265acc617d22c200888/pve/openapi/pve-openapi.pve9.json#L1)). A ticket session can therefore renew itself without holding the password, as long as it renews while the current ticket is still alive.
+
+## Decision
+
+Renewal lives in `PveHttpClient`, not in `WaitForTask` and not in any cmdlet.
+
+- **Proactive renewal.** Before sending a request on a `Ticket`-mode session whose ticket is past half its lifetime (one hour of the two), the client POSTs `/access/ticket` with the session's user name and the current ticket as `password`, then swaps the session's `Ticket`, `CsrfToken` and `TicketExpiry` for the new values. Half the lifetime is chosen so that a poll interval, a slow upload or a stalled request cannot push the next request past the hard expiry.
+- **Reactive renewal.** A 401 on a `Ticket`-mode request triggers one renewal and one retry of the original request. If the renewal itself fails, the client throws `PveSessionExpiredException` with the 401 as its inner exception, so the cmdlet base maps it to a `PermissionDenied`-class error rather than the anonymous `NotSpecified` wrapper (#155).
+- **Single flight.** Renewal is serialised per session. Concurrent requests on the same session share one renewal; none observe a half-updated credential. `PveSession` therefore gains a lock and `internal` setters for the three ticket fields, and records the user name it was issued to.
+- **API-token sessions never renew.** A 401 on one is surfaced as-is; there is nothing to renew.
+- **`GetSession()` keeps its expiry check.** It is the pre-flight guard for a session whose ticket already died while idle, where no renewal is possible. The window it guards shrinks from "two hours after connect" to "two hours after the last request".
+
+Offline tests, per [ADR 0021](0021-integration-tests-prove-server-semantics-payloads-are-proven-offline.md): a mock handler that answers 401 then 200 asserts exactly one `/access/ticket` POST whose `password` is the old ticket, and that the retried request carries the new cookie and CSRF token; a session constructed with a near-past issue time asserts the proactive path fires once and does not fire again until the next half-life. The live behaviour (that PVE really accepts the ticket as a password) is proven by the integration run after merge; the spec citation above is what the reviewer verifies before that.
+
+## Rejected alternatives
+
+**In `WaitForTask` only**, as the earlier note proposed. It leaves every other path exposed: a script that connects, sleeps two hours between steps, then calls `Get-PveVm` dies with the same raw 401, and `WaitForTask` no longer owns its client since #151. The note's real point, that the retry must not live per cmdlet, is kept.
+
+**Storing the password on the session and re-authenticating.** Keeps a secret in managed memory for the life of the session, against the spirit of [ADR 0002](0002-password-parameters-must-use-securestring.md), and buys nothing the ticket-as-password renewal does not.
+
+**Per-cmdlet retry**, the shape the cluster-join cmdlet once had. Each copy drifts, and there are 194 cmdlets.
+
+**A background timer on the session.** Runspace and thread lifetime become the module's problem; renewal at request time needs no timer and cannot fire after the session is discarded.
+
+## Consequences
+
+- `PveSession.Ticket`, `CsrfToken` and `TicketExpiry` become mutable from inside `PSProxmoxVE.Core`; anything that cached them (nothing does today) would go stale.
+- `PveSession` gains the user name it was issued to. `PveAuthenticator` already has it at login.
+- The hard two-hour wall becomes "a session used at least once an hour lives indefinitely". An idle session still dies after two hours; `Connect-PveServer` help says so.
+- `PveSessionExpiredException` can now originate inside the client as well as in `GetSession()`; #155 maps both.
+- This is a live-only behaviour change. The integration run after the merge is the proof, and a login or ticket test failing on that run is a regression, not a flake.