diff --git a/docs/CHANGELOG.md b/docs/CHANGELOG.md
index abee045..a7d739f 100644
--- a/docs/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/docs/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,6 +5,28 @@ All notable changes to the KoalaSync browser extension and relay server.
 
 ---
 
+## [v3.1.4] — 2026-08-21
+
+This patch restores player detection on pages that use boxless CSS wrappers,
+including Crunchyroll, without adding site-specific matching.
+
+### Fixed
+- **Extension: Crunchyroll playback synchronization** — Detects and controls
+  Crunchyroll's visible Bitmovin HTML5 player even though the page wraps it in
+  a boxless `display: contents` ancestor. The general fix keeps equivalent
+  players selectable on other sites while continuing to reject hidden players,
+  preloads, ads and background videos.
+- **Extension: Player discovery during iframe churn** — Keeps stable nested
+  player frames discoverable when rapidly replaced ad frames make Chromium
+  reject an aggregate frame sweep, without restoring the `webNavigation`
+  permission or injecting globally into unselected tabs.
+
+### Testing
+- **Regression coverage** — Adds unit and browser E2E coverage for visible
+  players inside `display: contents` wrappers.
+
+---
+
 ## [v3.1.3] — 2026-08-18
 
 This release adds generic control for HTML5 players inside nested and cross-origin
diff --git a/docs/TESTED_SERVICES.md b/docs/TESTED_SERVICES.md
index 0c195f5..69d4b49 100644
--- a/docs/TESTED_SERVICES.md
+++ b/docs/TESTED_SERVICES.md
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ This document tracks which streaming platforms and media servers are supported b
 | **Disney+** | ✅ Full | ⚠️ Partial | ❌ | — | — | — | Series title only (e.g. "The Simpsons"), no episode info. |
 | **Prime Video** | ✅ Full  | ✅ Full  | ❌ | — | — | — | — |
 | **HBO Max / Max** | Not tested | Not tested | Not tested | — | — | — | — |
-| **Crunchyroll** | Not tested | Not tested | Not tested | — | — | — | — |
+| **Crunchyroll** (`crunchyroll.com`) | ✅ Full | ⚠️ Partial | ❌ | 2026-08-21 | Shik3i | v3.1.4 | Manual testing on the live service confirmed playback synchronization with its top-level Bitmovin HTML5 player. The Media Session exposes the episode as `E1 - Prologue` and the series as artist metadata, but the current episode parser does not recognize the abbreviated `E1` form for episode auto-sync. |
 | **Vimeo** | Not tested | Not tested | Not tested | — | — | — | — |
 | **Dailymotion** | Not tested | Not tested | Not tested | — | — | — | — |
 | **ARD / ZDF Mediathek** | Not tested | Not tested | Not tested | — | — | — | — |
@@ -81,3 +81,8 @@ The currently verified cross-origin service topologies are:
 - **YummyAnime:** `yummyanime.tv` top page → same-origin wrapper → `thealloha.club` player.
 
 These embedded origins are implementation details of the services and may change independently. If the browser withholds access to a newly used player origin, KoalaSync asks for that origin through its normal site-access flow.
+
+Crunchyroll currently exposes its Bitmovin `<video>` directly in the top-level
+document. Its application layout uses a `display: contents` wrapper, which has
+no box of its own even while the descendant player is visible; v3.1.4 handles
+that standards-compliant layout without a Crunchyroll-specific host rule.
diff --git a/extension/background.js b/extension/background.js
index 01ed4ff..656e049 100644
--- a/extension/background.js
+++ b/extension/background.js
@@ -2622,10 +2622,46 @@ function executeScriptWithTimeout(options, timeoutMs = SCRIPT_INJECTION_TIMEOUT_
     });
 }
 
+/**
+ * Runs as a tiny all-frame beacon before the heavier monitor injection.
+ * Chromium can reject an allFrames result wholesale when one unrelated ad
+ * frame disappears mid-sweep, even though stable frames already executed the
+ * function. Those stable frames announce their ids through the sender metadata,
+ * letting the next step address them individually without webNavigation.
+ */
+async function announcePotentialMediaFrame() {
+    let relevant = false;
+    try {
+        const identity = `${window.location.href} ${window.name || ''}`;
+        relevant = !!document.querySelector('video, iframe, frame')
+            || /player|video|stream|watch|embed|media|xfp/i.test(identity);
+    } catch { /* inaccessible or already-detached document */ }
+    if (!relevant) return false;
+    try {
+        await chrome.runtime.sendMessage({ type: 'MEDIA_FRAME_DISCOVERED' });
+    } catch { /* extension context or document disappeared */ }
+    return true;
+}
+
 async function injectMediaFrameMonitors(tabId, contentTarget) {
     // The sweep is best effort; the known frames are addressed individually so a
     // rejected sweep cannot leave the deep player frame without a monitor — and
     // therefore without any way to report itself later.
+    try {
+        const discoveries = await executeScriptWithTimeout({
+            target: { tabId, allFrames: true },
+            func: announcePotentialMediaFrame
+        }, 750);
+        for (const entry of discoveries || []) {
+            if (entry?.result === true) rememberFrameId(tabId, entry.frameId);
+        }
+    } catch {
+        // Stable frames still announce themselves if a disappearing ad frame
+        // makes Chromium reject the aggregate allFrames result.
+    }
+    // Give those sender messages one task boundary to update the registry before
+    // taking the snapshot used for individual monitor injections below.
+    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
     const targets = [
         ...listMediaFrameScriptTargets(tabId),
         ...listKnownFrameIds(tabId)
@@ -3756,6 +3792,10 @@ async function handleAsyncMessage(message, sender, sendResponse) {
 
     const senderTabId = normalizeTabId(sender?.tab?.id);
     if (senderTabId !== null) rememberFrameId(senderTabId, sender?.frameId);
+    if (message.type === 'MEDIA_FRAME_DISCOVERED') {
+        sendResponse({ status: 'ok' });
+        return;
+    }
     const mediaLifecycleMessage = message.type === 'MEDIA_FRAME_CANDIDATE_CHANGED'
         || message.type === 'MEDIA_FRAME_VISIBILITY'
         || message.type === 'MEDIA_TARGET_REFRESH';
diff --git a/extension/content.js b/extension/content.js
index f1d8995..ebef395 100644
--- a/extension/content.js
+++ b/extension/content.js
@@ -659,7 +659,14 @@
                     || Number(style.opacity) === 0)) {
                     return false;
                 }
-                if (typeof current.checkVisibility === 'function'
+                // `display: contents` deliberately gives the wrapper no box, so
+                // Chromium reports the wrapper itself as not visible even while
+                // its children are fully rendered. Crunchyroll's player layout
+                // uses exactly that shape. The explicit CSS checks above still
+                // reject genuinely hidden ancestors; skip only this boxless
+                // wrapper case when walking up from the video.
+                if (style?.display !== 'contents'
+                    && typeof current.checkVisibility === 'function'
                     && !current.checkVisibility({ checkOpacity: true, checkVisibilityCSS: true })) {
                     return false;
                 }
diff --git a/extension/target-tab-lifecycle.test.mjs b/extension/target-tab-lifecycle.test.mjs
index c46e515..1611219 100644
--- a/extension/target-tab-lifecycle.test.mjs
+++ b/extension/target-tab-lifecycle.test.mjs
@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ describe('target tab lifecycle', () => {
 
     it('uses all-frame probing for cross-origin targets without navigation permissions', () => {
         expect(backgroundSource).toContain("files: ['media-frame-monitor.js']");
+        expect(backgroundSource).toContain('async function announcePotentialMediaFrame()');
+        expect(backgroundSource).toContain("{ type: 'MEDIA_FRAME_DISCOVERED' }");
+        expect(backgroundSource).toContain('func: announcePotentialMediaFrame');
         // Monitors must reach the frames we know about, not only whatever the
         // all-frames sweep happens to accept — both on the way in and out.
         expect(backgroundSource.match(/\.\.\.listMediaFrameScriptTargets\(tabId\),/g)?.length).toBe(2);
diff --git a/scripts/test-content-video-finder.cjs b/scripts/test-content-video-finder.cjs
index 42643a0..a18a2ab 100644
--- a/scripts/test-content-video-finder.cjs
+++ b/scripts/test-content-video-finder.cjs
@@ -184,6 +184,37 @@ assert.strictEqual(
   'a hidden playing preload must not outrank the visible paused player'
 );
 
+// Crunchyroll wraps its Bitmovin player in `display: contents`. Such a wrapper
+// has no box of its own and checkVisibility() returns false for the wrapper,
+// even though the descendant video is fully visible.
+const displayContentsPlayer = makeVideo('display-contents-player', 1920, 1080, {
+  controls: false,
+  paused: true,
+  duration: 1420
+});
+const displayContentsWrapper = {
+  _style: { display: 'contents', visibility: 'visible', opacity: '1' },
+  checkVisibility() { return false; },
+  parentElement: null
+};
+displayContentsPlayer.parentElement = displayContentsWrapper;
+displayContentsPlayer.checkVisibility = () => true;
+const displayContentsDocument = {
+  querySelectorAll(selector) {
+    if (selector === 'video') return [displayContentsPlayer];
+    return [];
+  }
+};
+attachRenderEnvironment(
+  displayContentsDocument,
+  [displayContentsPlayer, displayContentsWrapper]
+);
+assert.strictEqual(
+  findVideo(displayContentsDocument),
+  displayContentsPlayer,
+  'a visible player inside a display: contents wrapper must remain selectable'
+);
+
 const belowFoldPlayer = makeVideo('below-fold-player', 800, 450, {
   controls: true,
   duration: 1200
diff --git a/tests/e2e/detection.spec.mjs b/tests/e2e/detection.spec.mjs
index b3dae48..d654761 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/detection.spec.mjs
+++ b/tests/e2e/detection.spec.mjs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const SCENARIOS = [
     { page: 'nested-frame.html', expected: 'framed-player', what: 'a player two frame levels down' },
     { page: 'shadow-player.html', expected: 'shadow-player', what: 'a player inside a shadow root over a light-DOM teaser' },
     { page: 'muted-player.html', expected: 'player', what: 'the only player even when muted' },
+    { page: 'display-contents-player.html', expected: 'player', what: 'a visible player inside a boxless display-contents wrapper' },
     { page: 'hidden-preload.html', expected: 'player', what: 'the visible player over a hidden higher-resolution preload' },
     { page: 'ad-frame.html', expected: 'player', what: 'the real player over a muted ad in a first-party frame' },
     { page: 'background-loop.html', expected: 'player', what: 'the real player over a large looping background video' },
diff --git a/tests/e2e/fixtures/pages/display-contents-player.html b/tests/e2e/fixtures/pages/display-contents-player.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49775cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/fixtures/pages/display-contents-player.html
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>Display contents player</title>
+<h1>Visible player inside a boxless wrapper</h1>
+<div id="app-contents" style="display: contents">
+    <div class="video-player-wrapper">
+        <video id="player" data-expected width="854" height="480" src="../media/player-480p-12s.mp4"></video>
+    </div>
+</div>
+<script>
+    const wrapper = document.getElementById('app-contents');
+    if (wrapper.checkVisibility() !== false || wrapper.getBoundingClientRect().width !== 0) {
+        throw new Error('display: contents fixture must expose a boxless wrapper');
+    }
+</script>
+<script src="ready.js"></script>